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Chapter 1: The Science of Biology Pages: 2 & 3 Slide 2 What is science? 1) An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world. 2) The body of knowledge that scientists have built up after years of using this process. Slide 3 What are the goals of science? To investigate To understand To explain events To make predictions Slide 4 How to Think Like a Scientist Observations Use the five senses Data Information gathered from the observations Inference Logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience Hypothesis Proposed explanation of your observation Slide 5 How Scientists Work The Scientific Method Step #1 Ask a Question Step #2 Form a Hypothesis ( I think) (If Then) ( statements of cause) Slide 6 How Scientists Work (cont.) The Scientific Method (cont.) Step #3 Controlled Experiment Step #4 Analysis May involve many things : math, charts graphs Slide 7 How Scientists Work (cont.) The Scientific Method (cont.) Step #5 Draw a Conclusion Do your results support hypothesis? Step #6- Theory A well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations Many Trials Slide 8 Redis Experiment disproving spontaneous generation pgs. 8-9 Observation? Hypothesis? Experiment.. Explain why his experiment disproves spontaneous generation Slide 9 Lazzaro Spallanzanis test of Redis findings Boiling kills microorganisms Sealed flask Flask is open Teeming with microorganisms Free of microorganisms Slide 10 Pasteur definitively disproves spontaneous generation Broth is boiled Broth is sterile indefinitely Broth sits and no microbes appear Slide 11 Pasteur definitively disproves spontaneous generation Sterile broth sits in flask Flask tilts and broth comes into contact with dust Microbes appear immediately Slide 12 How is a theory developed? A particular hypothesis may become so well supported due to evidence from numerous investigations that scientists may consider it a theory. THEORY: Generation from Life PasteurSpallanzaniRedi Slide 13 When Experiment are NOT Possible pg 14 Examples of when an experiment is not possible Why? What other methods are possible? Slide 14 What is a Theory? Explain the theory or theories about why marsupials are primarily in Australia Slide 15 Characteristics of Living Things 1. Living things are made up of units called cells. Slide 16 Characteristics of Living Things 2. Living things reproduce Slide 17 Characteristics of Living Things 3. Living things are based on a universal genetic code. Slide 18 Characteristics of Living Things 4. Living things grow and develop Slide 19 Characteristics of Living Things 5. Living things obtain and use materials and energy Slide 20 Characteristics of Living Things 6. Living things respond to their environment. Slide 21 Characteristics of Living Things 7. Living things maintain a stable internal environment Slide 22 Characteristics of Living Things 8. Taken as a group, living things change over time Slide 23 Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 1)Molecules Slide 24 Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 2)Cells Slide 25 Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 3)Groups of Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Slide 26 Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 4)Organism Slide 27 Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 5)Population all the members of one species in an area Slide 28 Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 6)Community all the members of the different interacting species in an area Slide 29 Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 7)Ecosystem all the members of a community plus the abiotic (physical) factors Influencing them Slide 30 Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 8) Biosphere entire region of the earth where living things may be found Slide 31 Tools and Procedures that Scientists Use 1 )Metric System Slide 32 Tools and Procedures that Scientists Use 2)Graphs Slide 33 Tools and Procedures that Scientists Use 3) Microscopes Types of Microscopes Light Microscope Slide 34 Tools and Procedures that Scientists Use 3) Microscopes Types of Microscopes Electron Microscope Slide 35 Laboratory Techniques Cell Culture Cell Fractionation