Chapter 1: Integrated POL Converters Chapter 2

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Table of Contents

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Chapter 1: Integrated POL Converters

Chapter 2: Characterization and Modeling of High Frequency Magnetics

Chapter 3: Novel Topologies and System Designs

Chapter 4: Novel Control Schemes

Chapter 5: Modeling of Current Mode Controls

Chapter 6: Modeling of V2 Controls

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Chapter 1. Integrated POL Converters

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1 Technology Roadmap for High Frequency Integrated DC-DC ConverterQiang Li, Michele Lim, Julu Sun, Arthur Ball, Yucheng Ying, Fred C. Lee, Khai D. T. Ngo, IEEE International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC), May 17-20, 2009, Wuhan, pp. 1-8.

2 High-Frequency Integrated Point-of-Load Converters:Overview

Michele Lim, J. Daan van Wyk, Fred C. Lee, Khai D.T. Ngo, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 23, No. 3, May 2008, pp. 1556-1564.

4 A Class of Ceramic-Based Chip Inductors for HybridIntegration in Power Supplies

3 Overview of Three-Dimension Integration for Point-of-LoadConverters

Fred C. Lee, Qiang Li, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, No. 9, September 2013, pp. 4127 – 4136.

Fred C. Lee, Qiang Li, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 17-21, 2013, Long Beach, CA, pp. 679-685.

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5 Hybrid Integration of a Low-Voltage, High-Current PowerSupply Buck Converter With an LTCC Substrate InductorMichele H.F. Lim, J. Daan van Wyk, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 25, No. 9, September 2010, pp. 2287-2298.

6 High Inductance Density Low Profile Inductor Structure forIntegrated DC-DC Converter

Qiang Li, Yan Dong, Fred C. Lee, David Gilham, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, No. 1, January 2013, pp. 547-554.

7 High-Density Low-Profile Coupled Inductor Design forIntegrated Point-of-Load Converters

8 Gallium Nitride Based 3D Integrated Non-Isolated Point ofLoad Module

Qiang Li, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), February 15-19, 2009, Washington D.C., pp. 1011-1017.

David Reusch, David Gilham, Yipeng Su, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), February 5-9, 2012, Orlando, FL, pp. 38-45.


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9 Optimization of a High Density Gallium Nitride Based Non-Isolated Point of Load ModuleDavid Reusch, Fred C. Lee, David Gilham, Yipeng Su, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 15-20, 2012, Raleigh, NC, pp. 2914-2920.

10 High-Frequency High Power Density 3-D IntegratedGallium-Nitride-Based Point of Load Module Design

Yipeng Su, Qiang Li, Mingkai Mu, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 17-22, 2011, Phoenix, AZ, pp. 2146 - 2152.

11 High Frequency Inductor Design and Comparison for HighEfficiency High Density POLs with GaN Device

12 Design and Evaluation of a High-Frequency LTCC InductorSubstrate for a Three-Dimensional Integrated DC/DCConverter

Shu Ji, David Reusch, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, No. 9, September 2013, pp. 4216-4226.

Yipeng Su, Qiang Li, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, No. 9, September 2013, pp. 4354-4364.


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13 High Frequency High Current Point of Load Modules withIntegrated Planar InductorWenli Zhang, Yipeng Su, David Gilham, Mingkai Mu, Qiang Li, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Electronic Components & Technology Conference (ECTC), May 27-30, 2014, Orlando, FL, pp. 504 – 511.

14 Improving the Efficiency and Dynamics of 3D IntegratedPOL

Yipeng Su, Dongbin Hou, Fred C. Lee, Qiang Li, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 15-19, 2015, Charlotte, NC, pp. 1161-1168.

15 Low Profile Coupled Inductor Substrate with Fast TransientResponse

16 High-Density Integration of High-Frequency High-CurrentPoint-of-Load (POL) Modules with Planar Inductors

Dongbin Hou, Yipeng Su, Qiang Li, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 15-19, 2015, Charlotte, NC, pp. 140-145.

Wenli Zhang, Yipeng Su, Mingkai Mu, David Gilham, Qiang Li, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 30, No. 3, March 2015, pp. 1421-1431.


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17 Planar Inductor Structure with Variable Flux Distribution ---a Benefit or Impediment?Yipeng Su, Qiang Li, Fred Lee, Dongbin Hou, Shuojie She, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 15-19, 2015, Charlotte, NC, pp. 1169-1176.


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Chapter 2. Characterization and Modeling of High Frequency Magnetics

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1 A High Frequency Core Loss Measurement Method forArbitrary ExcitationsMingkai Mu, Fred C. Lee, Qiang Li, David Gilham, and Khai DT Ngo, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 06-11, 2011, Fort Worth, TX, pp. 157-162.

2 A New High Frequency Inductor Loss MeasurementMethod

Mingkai Mu, Qiang Li, David J. Gilham, Fred C. Lee, and Khai DT Ngo, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 29, No. 8, August 2014, pp. 4374-4381.

4 New Core Loss Measurement Method for High-FrequencyMagnetic Materials

3 New Core Loss Measurement Method with PartialCancellation Concept

Mingkai Mu, and Fred C. Lee. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 17-22, 2011, Phoenix, AZ, pp. 1801-1806.

Dongbin Hou, Mingkai Mu, Fred C. Lee, and Qiang Li, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 16-20, 2014, Fort Worth, TX, pp. 746-751.

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5 Magnetic Characterization of Low Temperature Co-firedCeramic (LTCC) Ferrite Materials for High FrequencyPower ConvertersMingkai Mu, Yipeng Su, Qiang Li, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Exposition (ECCE), September 17-22, 2011, Phoenix, Arizona, pp. 2133-2138.

6 Characterization of Low Temperature Sintered FerriteLaminates for High Frequency Point-of-Load Converters

Dongbin Hou, Fred C. Lee, Qiang Li, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference & Exposition (APEC), March 20-24, 2016, Long Beach, CA.

8 Magnetic Characterization Technique and MaterialsComparison for Very High Frequency IVR

7 Laminated Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic FerriteMaterials and the Applications for High Current POLConverters

Wenli Zhang, Mingkai Mu, Dongbin Hou, Yipeng Su, Qiang Li, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 49, No. 11, November 2013, pp. 5454-5463.

Mingkai Mu, Wenli Zhang, Fred Lee, Yipeng Su, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 15-19, 2013, Denver, CO, pp. 621-627.

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9 Modeling of Planar Inductors with Non-uniform FluxDistribution and Non-linear Permeability for High-densityIntegrationQiang Li, Yipeng Su, Mingkai Mu, Fred C. Lee, David Gilham, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), February 5-9, 2012, Orlando, FL, pp.1002-1009.

10 Analytical Core Loss Models for Planar Inductors with Non-uniform Flux Distribution and Non-sinusoidal Excitation

Yipeng Su, Qiang Li, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 17-21, 2013, Long Beach, CA, pp. 2416-2423.

12 FEA Modeling of the Low Profile Coupled Inductor withNon-uniform Flux Distribution

11 Finite Element Analysis of Inductor Core Loss Under DCBias Conditions

Qiang Li, Mingkai Mu, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), February 5-9, 2012, Orlando, FL, pp.1783-1789.

Mingkai Mu, Feng Zheng, Qiang Li, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, No. 9, September 2013, pp. 4414 – 4421.

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13 A New Core Loss Model for Rectangular AC VoltagesMingkai Mu, and Fred C. Lee, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 14-18, 2014, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 5214-5220.

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Chapter 3. Novel Topologies and System Designs

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1 Sigma DC/DC Conversion for Computing and TelecomApplications

2 Three Level Buck Converter With Control and Soft Startup

Ke Jin, Yi Sun, Ming Xu, Doug Sterk, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 57, No. 5, May 2010, pp. 1615-1623.

4 Integrated Magnetic Self-Driven ZVS Non-isolated Full-Bridge Converter

3 Evaluation of Self-Driven Schemes for a 12-V Self-DrivenVoltage RegulatorKe Jin, Ming Xu, Yi Sun, Doug Sterk, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 24, No. 10, October 2009, pp. 2314 – 2322.

David Reusch, Fred C. Lee; Ming Xu, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 20-24, 2009, San Jose, CA, pp. 31-35.

Ming Xu, Ya Liu, Julu Sun, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), June 15-19, 2008, Rhodes, Greece, pp. 1190-1195.

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Chapter 3. Novel Topologies and System Designs

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5 A Switching-Capacitor PWM DC-DC Converter and ItsVariation

6 Soft-Switching Self-Driven Converter with Three-SwitchCell Structure

David Reusch, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 15-20, 2012, Raleigh, NC, pp. 3895-3902.

8 High Frequency Isolated Bus Converter with GalliumNitride Transistors and Integrated Transformer

7 High Frequency Bus Converter with Integrated MatrixTransformers for CPU and TelecommunicationsApplicationsDavid Reusch, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 12-16, 2010, Atlanta, GA, pp 2446 – 2450.

Qiang Li, Fred C. Lee, Douglas Sterk, Ke Jin, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 12-16, 2010, Atlanta, GA, pp 3705 – 3710.

Ke Jin, Ming Xu, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 25, No. 1, January 2010, pp. 24-32.

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Chapter 4. Novel Control Schemes

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1 Analysis of Multi-Phase Hybrid Ripple-Based Adaptive on-Time Control for Voltage Regulator Modules

2 Adaptive Ripple-Based Constant On-Time Control withInternal Ramp Compensations for Buck Converters

Pei-Hsin Liu, Fred Lee, Qiang Li, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 14-18, 2014, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 4110-4117.

4 Hybrid Interleaving with Adaptive PLL Loop for AdaptiveOn-Time Controlled Switching Converters

3 Digital Hybrid Ripple-Based Constant On-Time Control forVoltage Regulator ModulesKuang-Yao (Brian) Cheng, Shuilin Tian, Feng Yu, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 29, No. 6, June 2014, pp. 3132-3144.

Kuang-Yao (Brian) Cheng, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 16-20, 2014, Fort Worth, Texas, pp. 440-446.

Kuang-Yao (Brian) Cheng, Feng Yu, Yingyi Yan, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, Wenkai Wu, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), February 5-9, 2012, Orlando, Florida, pp. 1088-1095.

Current-Mode Constant On-Time Controls

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5 Fast Adaptive On-Time Control Method for TransientPerformance Improvement

6 A New Current Mode Control for Higher Noise Immunityand Faster Transient Response in Multi-phase Operation

Virginia Li, Pei-hsin Liu, Qiang Li, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 20-24, 2016, Long Beach, CA.

8 Improved Current-Mode Control with Single-Cycle LoadTransient

7 A New Current Mode Constant On-Time Control withUltrafast Load Transient ResponseSyed Bari, Qiang Li, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 20-24, 2016, Long Beach, CA.

Syed Bari, Qiang Li, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 20-24, 2015, Montreal, Canada, pp. 2078 – 2083.

Syed Bari, Qiang Li, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 15-19, 2015, Charlotte, NC, pp.397-403.

Current-Mode Constant On-Time Controls

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9 Characterization and Performance Comparison of DigitalV2 Type Constant On-Time Control for Buck Converters

10 Digital V2 Control with Fast-Acting Capacitor CurrentEstimator

Yingyi Yan, Pei-Hsin Liu, Fred Lee, Qiang Li, Shuilin Tian, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 15-19, 2013, Denver, CO, pp. 117-124.

12 V2 Control with Capacitor Current Ramp Compensationusing Lossless Capacitor Current Sensing

11 Digital Enhanced V2-Type Constant On-Time Control UsingInductor Current Ramp Estimation for a Buck Converterwith Low-ESR CapacitorsKuang-Yao (Brian) Cheng, Feng Yu, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, No. 3, March 2013, pp. 1241-1252.

Pei-Hsin Liu, Yingyi Yan, Paolo Mattavelli, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 15-20, 2012, Raleigh, NC, pp.1833-1840.

Kuang-Yao (Brian) Cheng, Feng Yu, Paolo Mattavelli, Fred C. Lee, IEEE COMPEL, June 28-30, 2010, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 1-6.

V2 Constant On-Time Controls

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13 Auto-tuning and Self-calibration Techniques for V2 Controlwith Capacitor Current Ramp Compensation UsingLossless Capacitor Current SensingPei-Hsin Liu, Yingyi Yan, Fred C. Lee, Qiang Li, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 14-18, 2014, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 1105-1112.

V2 Constant On-Time Controls

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14 Automated System Identification of Digitally-ControlledMulti-phase DC-DC Converters

15 A Hysteretic Control Method for Multiphase VoltageRegulator

Yingyi Yan, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), February 5-9, 2012, Orlando, Florida, pp. 2484-2491.

17 Dynamic Performance Comparison of Current ModeControl Schemes for Point-of-Load Buck ConverterApplication

16 Analysis and Design of Adaptive Bus Voltage PositioningSystem for Two Stage Laptop Voltage RegulatorsKisun Lee, Fred C Lee, Jia Wei, and Ming Xu, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 24 No. 12, December 2009, pp. 2734 – 2745.

Kisun Lee, Fred C Lee, and Ming Xu, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 24 No. 12, December 2009, pp. 2726-2734.

Na Kong, Ali Davoudi, Mark Hagen, Eric Oettinger, Ming Xu, Dong Sam Ha and Fred C. Lee, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), February 15-19, 2009, Washington, D.C., pp. 259-263.

Other Controls

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18 External Ramp Autotuning for Current-mode Control ofSwitching Converters

19 I2 Average Current Mode Control for Switching Converters

20 Modeling and Autotuning of AVP Control with Inductor DCRCurrent SensingPei-Hsin Liu, Fred C. Lee, Qiang Li, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 16-20, 2014, Fort Worth, Texas, pp. 1066-1072.

Yingyi Yang, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, Pei-Hsin Liu, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 29, No. 4, April 2014, pp. 2027-2036.

Pei-Hsin Liu, Yingyi Yan, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 17-21, 2013, Long Beach, CA, pp. 276-280.

Other Controls

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Chapter 5. Modeling of Current Mode Controls

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1 Modeling of Digitally Controlled Voltage Regulator Modules

2 New Modeling Approach and Equivalent CircuitRepresentation for Current-Mode Control

Yingyi Yan, Fred C. Lee, 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Exposition (ECCE), Atlanta, GA, September 12-16, 2010, pp. 1965-1972. (Note: focused on peak current mode control)

4 Unified Three-Terminal Switch Model for Current ModeControls

3 A Small Signal Model for Average Current Mode ControlBased on Describing Function ApproachFeng Yu, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Exposition (ECCE), Phoenix, AZ, September 17-22, 2011, pp. 405-412.

Jian Li, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 25, No. 5, May 2010, pp. 1218-1230.

Yi Sun, Fred C. Lee, Jian Li, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), February 21-25, 2010, Palm Springs, CA, pp. 176 – 182.

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5 Unified Three-Terminal Switch Model for Current ModeControls [2013 Prize Paper award]

6 Analysis and Design of Average Current Mode ControlUsing Describing Function-Based Equivalent Circuit Model

Yingyi Yang, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, no.7 , July 2013, pp. 3405-3414.

8 Comparison of Small Signal Characteristics in CurrentMode Control Schemes for Point-of-Load Buck ConverterApplications

7 Small-signal Laplace-domain Model for Digital PredictiveCurrent Mode ControlsYingyi Yan, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, Shuilin Tian, 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 15-20, 2012, Raleigh, NC, pp. 1386-1393.

Yingyi Yan, Fred C. Lee and Paolo Mattavelli, 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 15-20, 2012, Raleigh, NC, pp. 2237-2244.

Yingyi Yan, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Volume 27, No. 9, September 2012, pp. 4060-4070. (Note: focused on constant on time control)

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9 Analysis and Design of Average Current Mode ControlUsing a Describing-Function-Based Equivalent CircuitModel

10 Small Signal Analysis and Design of Active Droop ControlUsing Current Mode Equivalent Circuit Model

11 Equivalent Circuit Model of Constant On-time CurrentMode Control with External Ramp CompensationShuilin Tian, Fred C.Lee, Jian Li, Qiang Li, Pei-hsin Liu, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Pittsburgh, PA, September 14-18, 2014, pp. 3747-3754.

Yingyi Yan, Pei-Hsin Liu, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference & Exposition, March 16-20, 2014, Fort Worth, TX, pp. 2809-2816.

Yingyi Yan, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, October 2013, Volume 28, No. 10, pp. 4732-4741

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Chapter 6. Modeling of V2 Controls

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1 Modeling of V2 Current-Mode Control

2 Design Oriented Model for V2 Constant On-Time Control

Shuilin Tian, Kuang-Yao Cheng, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Exposition (ECCE), September 17-22, 2011, Phoenix, AZ, pp. 2944-2951.

4 Small-signal Model Analysis and Design of Constant-on-time V2 Control for Low-ESR Caps with External RampCompensation

3 A Small Signal Model for V2 Control with Composite OutputCapacitors Based on Describing Function ApproachFeng Yu, Fred Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Exposition (ECCE), September 17-22, 2011, Phoenix, AZ, pp. 1236-1243.

Feng Yu, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Exposition (ECCE), September 17-22, 2011, Atlanta, GA, pp. 3115-3122.

Jian Li, Fred C. Lee, IEEE Transactions on Circuit and Systems, I: Regular Papers, Vol. 57, No. 9, September 2010, pp. 2552-2563.

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5 Small-signal Analysis and Design of Constant FrequencyV2 Peak Control

6 Small Signal Analysis of V2 Control Using Current ModeEquivalent Circuit Model

Shuilin Tian, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, Yingyi Yan, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 30, No. 3, March 2015, pp. 1724-1733.

8 Small-Signal Analysis and Optimal Design of ConstantFrequency V2 Control

7 Small-signal Analysis and Optimal Design of ExternalRamp for Constant On-Time V2 Control with MultilayerCeramic CapsShuilin Tian, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, Kuang-Yao (Brian) Cheng, Yingyi Yan, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 29, No. 8, August 2014, pp. 4450 –4460.

Yingyi Yan, Fred C.Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, Shuilin Tian, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 17-21, 2013, Long Beach, CA, pp. 1709-1916.

Shuilin Tian, Fred C. Lee, Paolo Mattavelli, Yingyi Yan, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 17-21, 2013, Long Beach, CA, pp. 1717-1724.

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9 Unified Equivalent Circuit Model for V2 Control

10 Unified Equivalent Circuit Model and Optimal Design of V2

Controlled Buck ConvertersShuilin Tian, Fred C. Lee, Qiang Li, Yingyi Yan, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 31, No. 2, February 2016, pp. 1734 – 1744.

Shuilin Tian, Fred Lee, Qiang Li, Yingyi Yan, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference & Exposition, March 16-20, 2014, Fort Worth, Texas, pp. 1016-1023.

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Chapter 1: Integrated POL Converters Chapter 2