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Chapter 1Chapter 1 Principles of computer and
Select the computer.
Hardware: Input, Processing, and Output Devices
Indicators. Describe the elements and principles of
computer
Telling features of the computer and peripherals .
Use hardware and software to fit the task.
TheThe use ofuse of computers computers inin everyday lifeeveryday life..
Register on the Internet . Transfer money in your bank account . Purchase.Shopping . Order food Pay taxes . Chat Etc.
Why Learn About Hardware? Can improve productivity, increase
revenue, reduce costs, and provide better service
Managers are expected to know about hardware To help define business needs To ask questions and evaluate options when
buying equipment
Introduction Hardware: any machinery (most of which
use digital circuits) that assists in the input, processing, storage, and output
activities of an information system When making hardware decisions,
businesses must consider how the hardware can support: Objectives of the information system Goals of the organization
Computer Systems: Integrating The Power of Technology
Choosing the right computer hardware requires understanding its relationship to
the information system and needs of the organization Hardware objectives are subordinate to,
but supportive of, the information system and the current and future needs of the organization
Hardware Components Central processing unit (CPU) Input devices
Output devices Communications devices Storage devices:
Primary storage devices Secondary storage devices
Hardware Components (continued)
Figure 3.1: Hardware Components
CycleCycle ofof the computerthe computer.. In the computer. Has 4 basic steps
of a brief procedure that consists of IPOS cycle.
Input Processing Output Storage .
Input Processing
Storage
Output
Question ? 1. The basic steps in a computer are what a
few steps.
ElementsElements of the of the computecompute r system. r system.
1 . 1 . Input unitInput unit
Computer to receive data to be processed. Equipment to receive the information used in the present example, keyboard,
mouse, scanner, digitalcamera , microphone etc.
ElementsElements of the of the computer system ( computer system (continued).continued).
2.2. CentralCentral processing unit : processing unit : CPUCPU
When computers get data into the system already Will process the application or the command, such as tax calculations GPA etc .
ElementsElements of the of the computer system ( computer system (continued).continued).
3 . 3 . Main memoryMain memoryLocated physically close to Located physically close to the CPU, but not on the CPU the CPU, but not on the CPU chip itselfchip itself
Rapidly provides data and Rapidly provides data and instructions to the CPUinstructions to the CPU
Storage Capacity
Table 3.1: Computer Storage Units
Types of Memory Random access memory (RAM)
Temporary and volatile Types of RAM
EDO (Extended Data Out) DRAM (Dynamic RAM) SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)
Types of Memory (continued) Types of nonvolatile memory
ROM (read-only memory) PROM (programmable read-only memory) EPROM (erasable programmable read-only
memory)
Cache memory: high-speed memory that a processor can access more rapidly than main memory
Types of Memory (continued)
Figure 3.4: Basic Types of Memory Chips
4. 4. Secondary StorageCompared with memory, offers the advantages of nonvolatility, greater capacity, and greater economy
Access methods, storage capacities, and portability required are determined by the information system’s objectives
ElementsElements of the of the computer system ( computer system (continued).continued).
ElementsElements of the of the computer system ( computer system (continued).continued).
5. Output unit5. Output unitThe computer will show the results obtained
from processing to the display unit.Which has served the display device that is used widely in the current screen, speake
rs and printer etc.
SummarySummary.. ElementsElements of the of the computcomput er system. er system.
Basic functionality .Elements of
the computer system .
Input Input Unit
Processing Central Processing Unit
StorageMain Memory
Secondary Storage
Output Output Unit
Input Unit Input data and Program
Divided into 7 groups . 1. Keyed device 1.1 Cordless keyboard
Keyed device
1.2 Ergonomics keyboard 1.2.1 Portable keyboard
Keyed device
1.2.2 Virtual keyboard
Input Unit (continued).(continued).
2. Pointing device or Mouse 2.1 Mec-hanical mouse
Input Unit (continued).(continued).
2.2 Optical mouse
Input Unit (continued).(continued).
2.3 Wireless mouse
Input Unit (continued).(continued).
2.4 Foot mouse
Input Unit (continued).(continued).
2.5 Eye tracking
Input Unit (continued).(continued).
2.6 Gyroscopic mouse
Input Unit (continued).(continued).
2.6 Etc. Track ball, track point, touch pad, joystick
Input Unit (continued).(continued).
3. Touch sensitive screen , multi touch
Input Unit (continued).(continued).
4. Pen-based system 4.1 Stylus 4.2 Light pen
Input Unit (continued).(continued).
5. Data scanning devices 5.1 Scanner
handheld scanner, Sheet scanner , Flatbed scanner
Input Unit (continued).(continued).
5.2 Barcode reader
Input Unit (continued).(continued).
5.3 Optical character reader : OCR
Input Unit (continued).(continued).
5.4 Optical mark reader : OMR
Input Unit (continued).(continued). 5.5 Digital camera
5.6 Digital video camera
Input Unit (continued).(continued).
6. Audio input
Input Unit (continued).(continued).
7. Haptic device
Central processing unit : CPUMicroprocesser Divided into 2 units.
1. control unit 2. arithmetic-logic unit
Central processing unit : CPUcontinued.Elements of CPU 2 factors.
1. Register In a computer, a register is one of a small set of data holding places that are part of a computer processor . A register may hold a computer instruction , a storage address, or any kind of data (such as a bit sequence or individual characters). Some instructions specify registers as part of the instruction. For example, an instruction may specify that the contents of two defined registers be added together and then placed in a specified register. A register must be large enough to hold an instruction - for example, in a 32-bit instruction computer, a register must be 32 bits in length. In some computer designs, there are smaller registers - for example, half-registers - for shorter instructions. Depending on the processor design and language rules, registers may be numbered or have arbitrary names. Ex. Program counter : PC
2. Bus a bus is a transmission path on which signals are dropped off or picked up at every device attached to the line. Only devices addressed by the signals pay attention to them; the others discard the signals. According to Winn L. Rosch, the term derives from its similarity to autobuses that stop at every town or block to drop off or take on riders
Main memory or Primary storage
Divided into 2 units.
1. Random access memory : RAM 1.1 Main RAM
1.2 Video RAM
2. Read only memory : ROM
Secondary storage Divided into 4 factors.
1. Hard disk
Secondary storage continued.
2. Magnetic tape
Secondary storage continued.
3. Optical disk ex. CD-Rom, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW,blue ray dirk
Secondary storage continued.
4. Flash memory device
Output Unit Divided into 2 units.
1. Soft copy1.1 Monitor
1.1.1 cathode ray tube monitor : CRT 1.1.2 liquid crystal display monitor : LCD 1.1.3 plasma monitor
Output Unit continued. 1.2 Projector
1.3 Speaker
Output Unit continued. 2. Hard copy 2.1 Printer 2.1.1 Impact printer
2.1.2 nonimpact printer iร
Question ? 1. Briefly describe the components of the
computer system shortly2. processing power of computers will be
fast or slow Depending on what
Principles of buying a computer Principles of buying a computer. May follow the
guidelines below.
3.1 Survey of level of computer use.
3.1.1 Level g eneral users and new users. 3.1.2 G raphic user 3.1.3 Advanced graphic user 3.1.4 Gammer user
Level g eneral users and new users.
Use : MS-office , PhotoshopTip : Should be buying less expensive computers and brand - IBM - Acer - HP - Compaq
Advanced graphic userUse : Photoshop, Illustrator, CorelDraw, PageMakerTip : Computer prices were moderate to high Computer assembly
G raphic userUse : 3D Studio, Auto CAD Max, Maya Tip : Users need a computer and -high level program should be part Computer assembly
Gammer userUse : Games, Graphic, Animation, 3D Tip : Users Computer assembly
Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.2 How to determine which features computer.
Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.2.1 For applications focused on basic work. Computer equipment
Specifications
CPU Intel Celeron, Pentium 4,Pentium D or AMD Sempron,AMD Athlon 64x2
RAM DDR2-SDRAM 512 MB up
Main board Choose the type of audio chips are chips chip network.
Hard disk Serial ATA 160 GB up
VGA On Board
Audio card On Board
Lan card On Board speed 10/100 Mbps or 1 Gbps
Optical Storage DVD-RW
UPS 500 VA up
Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.2.2 For graphics work.
Computer equipment
Specifications
CPU Intel Core 2 Duo or AMD Athlon 64x2
RAM DDR2-SDRAM 1 GB up
Main board Slots PCI Express x16 Other devices On Board
Hard disk Serial ATA-II 250 GB up
VGA PCI Express x16 256 MB up, Chip nVidia GeForce FX 6800 up or ATi Radeon x1300 up
Audio card On Board
Lan card On Board speed 10/100 Mbps or 1 Gbps
Optical Storage DVD-RW
UPS 500 VA up
Monitor 19 inch
Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.2.3 For advanced graphic.
Computer equipment
Specifications
CPU Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2 Quad, i7 or AMD Athlon 64x2
RAM DDR2-SDRAM 2 GB up
Main board Supports Dual-Channel technology, which improves bandwidth of RAM and RAID technology with PCI Express x16 slot, the other device selection on board
Hard disk Serial ATA-II 320 GB up
VGA PCI Express 512 MB up, Chip nVidia GeForce FX 8600 or 9600 up or ATi Radeon HD340 up
Audio card On Board
Lan card On Board speed 10/100 Mbps or 1 Gbps
Optical Storage DVD-RW
UPS 500 VA up
Monitor 22 inch
Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.2.4 For computer games.
Computer equipment
Specifications
CPU Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2 Quad, or AMD Athlon 64x2
RAM DDR2-SDRAM 4 GB up
Main board Supports Dual-Channel technology, which improves bandwidth of RAM and RAID technology with PCI Express x16 slot, 1-2 channel the other device selection on board
Hard disk Serial ATA-II 320 GB up
VGA PCI Express 512 MB up, Chip nVidia GeForce FX 8800 up or ATi Radeon HD3800 up , SLI or CrossFire
Audio card Multi-Channel
Lan card On Board speed 10/100 Mbps or 1 Gbps
Optical Storage DVD-RW
UPS 600 VA up
Monitor 22 inch
Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.3 Price survey. - Computer store - supper market
Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.4 Survey after sales service.
Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.5 Inspection of equipment before leaving
the store.
The type of buying a computer. Buying a computer today. Divided into3 groups. 1.The group buying a branded computer. 2.The group buying the computer
command of the computer store. 3.The group purchasing the equipment
pieces. And then assemble at home.
The type of buying a computer.
The type of buying Merit Flaw
branded computer -Quality -standards.-Service / good-Have a good warranty.-A training program for those who buy
-Expensive.-can not Select features and brands -Waiting for equipment.
command of the computer store
-Modify as needed.-Features and brand demand.-Cheap.-Guarantee
-Was of poor quality.-A problem must be transferred to the repair shop.-The fake goods.
purchasing the equipment pieces
-Modify as needed.-Features and brand demand.-Free of charge.-Cheap.-Guarantee-Services.
-A problem must be transferred to the repair shop.-The fake goods.
Question ? 1. Explain buying a computer to use. What are some
factors to consider.
2. Be considered a professional organization requires. Classified as a user level. Why.
- student - engineer - teacher - d esigners television - market woman - official statistics. - programmer - publishers. - Banker.