Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF

7/27/2019 Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF

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Training Objectives

TCP/ IP

Subnetwork planning


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TCP/IP and OSI Reference Model

TCP/IP Protocol layers

Application layer

Presentation layer

Conversation layer

Transport layer

Network layer

Data link layer

Physical layer

Application layer

Transport layer

Interconnection layer

OSI reference model

TCP/IP has simple hierarchy design

In clear corresponding relations with OSI reference model.

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Network access layer


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TCP/IP Protocol Stack

Provide application program

network interfacesApplication

layer

Network

layer

Interconnection

layer

Network

access

layer

Establish terminal to

terminal connection

Addressing and

route selecting

Physical media visit

Binary data flow transmission

HTTP, Telnet, FTP,

TFTP, Ping, etc

TCP/UDP

ARP/RARPIP

ICMP

Ethernet, 802.3, PPP,

HDLC, FR, etc

Interfaces and

wires/cables


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TCP/IP Data Encapsulation

Application layer

Transport layer

Interconnection layer


TCP/UDP

IP PACKETS

FRAMES

BITS

TELNET FTP SMTP TFTP

6

17

23 20/2125 69


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Application layer

File transfer:FTP, TFTP

Mail service:

SMTP, POP3

Network management:

SNMP, Telnet, Ping, Tracert

Network service:

HTTP, DNS, WINS


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Transport Layer protocol Overview

Application layer

Transport layer

Network layer


TCP

UDP


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TCP/UDP Message

TCP message format

UDP message format


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TCP Connection

Server

Internet

Host MessageSegment 1

Message

Segment 2

Message

Segment 3

Syn=a

Syn =b

Confirming number=a+1

Confirming number=b+1

Establish

connection


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Slide Window

Send

party

ReceivepartyWindow size=3

1

2

3

Confirmation 44

5

6

Confirmation 7Window size=2

7

8

Confirmation 9 Window size=0

The slide window mechanism realizes flow control through dynamically adjusting the window sizeThe slide window mechanism realizes flow control through dynamically adjusting the window size


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Network Layer Protocol Overview

Network access

layer

Application

layer

Transport

layer

Network

layer

IP

ARP

RARP

ICMP


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IP

0 4 8 16 31

VersionMessage

lengthService type Total length

Identification Flag Chip offset

Time to live Protocol Message header checksum

Source IP address

Destination IP address

IP options


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ARP

I need Ethernet addressof 10.0.0.1

Broadcast received.This is Ethernet

address

IP :10.0.0.1 = ? ? ?

Ethernet=:0010:0020:0030

10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1

A B

Map IP address to MAC address

Local AR

Map IP address to MAC address

Local AR


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RARP

IP :10.0.0.1

Ethernet=:0010:0020:0030

IP=?

Ethernet=:0010:0020:0030

Whats my IP address? Ill tell you!

RARP ser verDiskless workstation


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ICMP

Is Baccessible?

Here Iam

ICMP Echo Request

ICMP Echo Reply

A B


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Introduction to IP Address

IP address uniquely identifies a piece of network equipment;

Private IP addresses

IP address uniquely identifies a piece of network equipment;

Private IP addresses

10.110.192.111 20.130.188.144


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Types of IP Addresses

0 net-id host-id

1 0 net-id host-id

1 1 0 net-id host-id

1 1 1 0 Multi-cast address

1 1 1 1 0 Reserved for future use

0 1 2 3 4 8 16 24 31

Type A

Type B

Type C

Type D

Type E

Fi gur e 2 5 t ypes of I P address

net-idnet work No. host-id host number


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Special IP Addresses

Network part Host part Address type Use

127 any

Completely0

Completely1

Any

Completely0Any

Completely1

Network addressRepresenting a network

Segment

Broadcast address

All the nodes of a Specially

designated network segment

Loop back address Loop test

Broadcast addressAll nodes of

Local network segment

All networksHuawei Quidway router used

Designate default routes


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No Subnet Addressing

172.16.28.1172.16.30.10

172.16.30.1

Type B network segment 172.16.0.0


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Addressing with Subnets

Net work

Network segment: 172.16.0.0172.16.4.1

255.255.255.0

172.16.8.1

255.255.255.0


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Example of Addressing with Subnets

172.16.0.0

255.255.0.0 172.16.4.0/24

172.16.8.0/24

172.16.8.160

255.255.255.0


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Subnet Planning

201.222.5.0

255.255.255.0

201.222.5.8

255.255.255.248

201.222.5.16

255.255.255.248

201.222.5.24

255.255.255.248

201.222.5.32

255.255.255.248

201.222.5.9255.255.255.248

201.222.5.17

255.255.255.248

201.222.5.25

255.255.255.248

201.222.5.33

255.255.255.248


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Example of Subnet Type B Planning

Subnet address 172.16.2.0

Host address 172.16.2.1-172.16.2.254

Broadcast address 172.16.2.255

IP host address 172.16.2.120

Subnet mask 255.255.255.0


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Example of Subnet Type C Planning

Subnet address 192.168.5.120Host address 192.168.5.121-192.168.5.1

26

Broadcast address 192.168.5.127

IP host address 192.168.5.121

Subnet mask 255.255.255.248

Number of

subnet bits

Subnet mask Number of

subnets

Number of hosts

per subnet

2 255.255.255.192 2 62

3 255.255.255.224 6 30

4 255.255.255.240 14 14

5 255.255.255.248 30 6

6 255.255.255.252 62 2


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Variable Long Subnet Masking (VLSM)

192.168.1.32/27

192.168.1.64/27

192.168.1.96/27

192.168.1.128/27

192.168.1.160/30

192.168.1.164/30

192.168.1.168/30

192.168.1.172/30

ISPAnouncement

192.168.1.0


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Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

Internet

198.168.1.0

198.168.2.0

198.168.3.0

ISP

Announcement route

198.168.0.0/16

CIDR reduces scale of route table and enhances network extensibilityCIDR reduces scale of route table and enhances network extensibility

B i f S


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Brief Summary

TCP/IP protocol stack

IP address classification

Subnet planning

Documents

Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF