Chap. 17 : Organizing Chap. 17 : Organizing LifeLife

I. I. TaxonomyTaxonomy - classification system - classification system of livng things based on a) structural of livng things based on a) structural b) chemical c) genetic d) behavioral b) chemical c) genetic d) behavioral and e) evolutionary relationshipsand e) evolutionary relationships

A. Why have a classification system ?A. Why have a classification system ?

1. To see how much alike or different 1. To see how much alike or different organisms areorganisms are

2. To better understand organisms2. To better understand organisms 3. To have a universal system and get rid of 3. To have a universal system and get rid of

common names. Ex. Polecat, jellyfish, wooly common names. Ex. Polecat, jellyfish, wooly bearbear

B. TaxonomistsB. Taxonomists 1. Aristotle – divided living things into 2 1. Aristotle – divided living things into 2

groups : plant and animalgroups : plant and animal

Plant AnimalPlant Animal

herbs shrubs trees land air waterherbs shrubs trees land air water

2. Carl Linnaeus – Father of Taxonomy2. Carl Linnaeus – Father of Taxonomy

--- made up the system of --- made up the system of binomialbinomial nomenclaturenomenclature (2-word naming system that (2-word naming system that makes up an organism’s scientific name)makes up an organism’s scientific name)

--- Scientific name = --- Scientific name = Genus Genus + + species species

(derived from latin)(derived from latin)

C. Classification SystemC. Classification System - -DDancing ancing kkings ings pplay lay cchess hess oon n ffine ine ggreen reen sstools.tools. -- -- DDumb umb kking ing PPhillip hillip ccame ame oover ver ffrom rom GGlasgow, lasgow, SScotland.cotland. 1. Domain 1. Domain

a. Bacteria – prokaryotic, true bacteria ex. Strept, e.colia. Bacteria – prokaryotic, true bacteria ex. Strept, e.coli

b. Archae – ancient bacteriab. Archae – ancient bacteria

c. Eukarya – eukaryotic cells. Plants, animals, fungi,protistc. Eukarya – eukaryotic cells. Plants, animals, fungi,protist

2. Kingdom – 6 total2. Kingdom – 6 total

a. a. EubacteriaEubacteria - true bacteria

b. Archeabacteria – bacteria of extremes

c. c. ProtistaProtista – one-celled usually, water – one-celled usually, water environments, eukaryotes, ex. Amoebas, environments, eukaryotes, ex. Amoebas, paramecium, euglena, algae.paramecium, euglena, algae.

d. d. FungiFungi – multicellular, feed off dead things, – multicellular, feed off dead things, ex. Mushrooms, mold, mildew, ring wormex. Mushrooms, mold, mildew, ring worm

e. e. PlantaePlantae – trees, flowers – trees, flowers

f. f. AnimaliaAnimalia – us – us

3. Phylum- called divisions in plants3. Phylum- called divisions in plants

4. Class4. Class5. Order5. Order

6 Family6 Family

7. 7. GenusGenus

8. 8. speciesspecies – can interbreed and produce a viable – can interbreed and produce a viable offspring. offspring.

-- -- racerace – subgroup of a species. Breeds in dogs – subgroup of a species. Breeds in dogs

Liger – dad lion mom tiger

Tigon – dad tiger mom lionZonkey

D. Human ClassificationD. Human Classification

Domain - EukaryaDomain - EukaryaKingdom – AnimaliaKingdom – AnimaliaPhylum - Chordata – backbonePhylum - Chordata – backboneClass – Mammalia – produce milkClass – Mammalia – produce milkOrder – Primate – have opposable thumbOrder – Primate – have opposable thumbFamily – Hominidae – walk uprightFamily – Hominidae – walk uprightGenus – Genus – HomoHomo – highly developed brain – highly developed brainSpecies – Species – sapienssapiens – modern man – modern man