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    Shamsul Azhar b. Mahmood

    Founder of Human Magnetic System & Magnetic Manual Therapy

    Registered under Law of Copyright Malaysia

    M.M.P.A, Dip. Physiotherapy (Mal )

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    ii

    National Library of Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

    Published:

    Ct publishingNo 9, Jln Kebun Nenas 2G / KS 7,

    Bandar Putera,

    41000 Klang, Selangor.Tel: 0133518732

    [email protected]

    SmTSHAMSUL MANUAL THERAPY

    Research, Treatment & Training Center

    Phone: 60133518732

    [email protected]

    First Printing 2007

    ISBN 978-983-42263-1-2

    Magnetic Line Massage Therapy

    All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in

    any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,

    recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in

    writing from the publisher.

    Anatomy picture was re-illustrate from Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Tortora /

    Grabowski ninth edition WILEY 2000

    Copyright 2007 Shamsul Azhar b.Mahmood @ Abd. Hamid

    Shamsul Azhar B. Mahmood

    Magnetic Manual TherapyMagnetic Line Massage Therapy

    ISBN 978-983-42263-1-2

    1. book 1. Title

    Cover designed:

    Rator Flame

    [email protected]

    Translate together with:

    Kamarul Zafik

    Illustrator:

    Haris

    60123624612

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    iii

    SPECIAL DEDICATION TO:

    My mother and father,

    (Mdm Satariah and Mr. Mahmood)

    My Mother and father in law

    (Mdm Haj. Salamiah and Mr. Haj. Yusuf)

    My loving wife

    (Ms. Siti Hadijah),

    Daughter and sons

    (Siti Fatimah Aqilah, Muhammad Izaan

    & Muhammad Fikri)

    My dear Friends

    (Mdm. Sasikala, Mdm.Normah Abd Jamil

    & Mr Abd.Rahman)

    Special thanks to:

    (Mr. Appasamy and Miss Lalitha)

    All my families and relatives

    (Mr. Haslanoor, Mdm. Suria Hanin, Ms. Suzana,

    Mr. Sulaiman, Mr. Mohd. Khairi

    & Ms. Siti Zubaidah)

    Thank you so much for your loves and care

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    FOREWORD

    The first time I met Shamsul was when he started working in the

    Physiotherapy Unit Sri Kota Specialist Medical Center Klang in the middle of 2001.

    He is a very quiet man although he knows a lot about the patients. Nevertheless, mypatients like meeting with him. This is because they say that the manual treatment

    that he gave was very effective especially in cases involving muscloskeleter

    problems. Undoubtelly, from the look in his eyes, I know that he has a secret that

    will change the world of medicine that he is involved at the moment.

    His research of nearly 10 years about Trigger points is worth his while for he

    has found the Human electromagnetic system. As far as I am concerned, I never have

    before heard or come about a system as complete as his. The trigger points that he

    has shown are truly complete and well balanced in terms of the location and

    numbers.

    In the medical field, trigger points are of invaluable use in treating cases like

    tendinoses, tendonopathies, periostitis, myogeloses and many more. Injections with

    corticosteroid solution can reduce the trigger point symptoms but in physiotherapy

    the uses of these points are not clear. This is due to lack of the research especially in

    orthopeadic cases. My perception, nevertheless, has been changed when I met

    Shamsul and knowing that his techniques are able to treat many muscloskeleter cases

    effectively.

    It is hard to believe that a local Perak born has outshone the western researchers

    who are still uncertain about the points and system. With the publishing of this book,

    all uncertainties can thus be clearified. I am very proud and would recommend this

    first book of my friend be used by Modern Medical Practitioners. I am very sure and

    I believe that this technique would be very effective in reducing muscloskeleter

    problems in the early and middle stages. To all researchers, they need to find reasons

    to elaborate further the use of this system. Thank you.

    Mr. Appasamy Vellu

    MD, FRCS (Edinburgh), AM (Malaysia)

    Consultant Orthopaedic & Trauma Surgeon.Sri Kota Specialist Medical Center

    Klang Selangor

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    PREWORD

    Shamsul Azhar Mahmood

    Physiotherapist

    In the name of Allah, Most Gracious and Most Merciful

    The development of movement for mankind starts when man is born. This

    physical development begins from the bottom, that is from the lying position,

    crawling, sitting, kneeling, standing, running, climbing and jumping. The science of

    human movement is called kinesiology. In the study of kinesiology, we also learn

    about structures of the anatomy like joints, muscles and nerves. These structures are

    important because they are the basic parts for movement apart from other structures.

    This is the creations by Allah the Creator, the Greatest Architect of all, the Creator ofmankind.

    Every movement needs energy that comes from the food we eat daily and in

    turn is used by the body cells for daily activities. This food is being carried into and

    out of the cells by active transportation with the aid of electro-magnetic energy

    (produced by the human electro-magnetic system still not fully known or explained

    by any medical journals before). This process is repeated until the body gets

    sufficient energy to activate the cells metabolism process. I dare say this system exist

    in influencing the balance of activities of the living cells. This theory exists from

    basic clinical evidence, positive effects in patient treatments and research data that

    were done (explained in chapter 15)

    Other than balancing the cell activities, it also serves to repair the broken

    cells and to reduce pain caused by injuries to the outside or inside cells. How does

    this happen? Many theories have arisen in explaining pain. One very popular and

    practiced theory these days is the Pain Gate Theory. It explains that the pain impulse

    journey through fibril A and C of the peripheral nerves at difference stations of the

    main nerves and central nerves can be stopped by various chemical agents

    (medicine) and physical agents (electrotherapy gadgets in physiotherapy treatment),

    thus reducing the pain.

    In my theory of magnetic-electro system, pain is reduced by activating

    autonomic nerves end with the use of certain chemicals to cause magnetic points

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    (autonomic nerves ends) or other structures to be excited and to release chemicals.

    This will certainly cause change to the charges inside and outside of the cell i.e

    attracting or distracting negative charges (charges existed after metabolism activities)

    thus controlling the cells activities. The control in the activities of these charges

    inside and outside of the cell causes the metabolism process rate to increase more

    than usual. This makes these cells stronger and it overcomes any weakness. Thus the

    pain, burden and its weakness can be overcome and supported by the cells

    themselves with the help of the magnetic system. This is a new theory that need to be

    tested and proven by analysts so as to ensure that the theory can be used in the

    modern medical world. Other than this, the theory for this system can also be used to

    explain the reason why pain is reduced in alternative treatment such as meditation,

    reiki, reflexology and many more.

    In this book I do not fully elaborate the electro-magnetic system, only 10% ,

    for it is not the appropriate time to do so. Nevertheless, I promise that one day I will

    come out with a book about the human electro-magnetic system, god willing. This

    book only explains about the functions and uses of magnetic lines in manual therapy

    treatment. If after reading this book, you find the lines applicable to other kinds of

    treatment I welcome the idea.

    I hope my first book will be accepted by the public and used by modern and

    alternative practitioners in treating their patients and also to fill the needs in the

    existing medical field. God willing, my second book, Mechanical Manual Therapy,

    will be out soon, god willing.

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    CONTENTS

    CHAPTER TOPIC PAGE

    COPYRIGHT ii

    DEDICATION iii

    FOREWORD iv

    PREFACE v

    CONTENTS vii

    LIST OF DIAGRAMS xvii

    LIST OF TABLE xxi

    GLOSSARY xxiiFOR THE MIND xxiv

    CHAPTER 1: HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY AND RESEARCH OF

    THE MAGNETIC POINTS

    1.1 Research idea and interest 1

    1.2 Initial research and findings 5

    1.3 Names and function 10

    1.4 Comparison to acupuncture points 11

    CHAPTER 2: HUMAN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC SYSTEM

    2.1 Foreword 20

    2.2 Functions of the electro-magnetic system 20

    2.3 The charges activities of the cells 21

    2.3.1 Normal active cell 21

    2.3.2 Normal passive cell 21

    2.3.3 Acute injured abnormal

    cell 21

    2.2.4 Chronic injured abnormalcell 21

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    2.4 Electromagnetic system structures 22

    2.4.1 Part 1 electro- magnetic system structures 22

    2.4.2 Part 2 electro- magnetic system structures 23

    2.5 Human magnetic lines 26

    2.5.1 Sagittal / Coronal Medial Line 28

    2.5.2 Rotational Posterior Line 30

    2.5.3 Sagittal / Coronal Lateral Line 32

    2.5.4 Rotational Medial Line 34

    2.5.5 Rotational Anterior Line 36

    2.5.6 Rotational Lateral Line 38

    2.5.7 Sagittal Posterior Line 40

    2.5.8 Sagittal Anterior Line 42

    CHAPTER 3: APPLICATION OF THE SHAMSUL

    MANUAL THERAPY TECHNIQUE

    3.1 Foreword 44

    3.2 Various hand technique 44

    3.2.1 Technique No 1 45

    3.2.2 Technique No 2 48

    3.2.3 Technique No 3 50

    3.2.4 Technique No 4 52

    3.3 Patients body position during treatment 53

    3.3.1 Supine lying position 54

    3.3.2 Prone lying position 56

    3.3.3 Side lying position 57

    3.3.4 High sitting position 58

    3.4 Vector force 59

    3.4.1 Longitudinal force 60

    3.4.2 Circular force 61

    3.4.3 Transverse force 61

    3.4.4 Vertical force 62

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    3.5 Diagnosis and evaluation of disease using

    magnetic points 63

    3.5.1 Foreword 633.5.2 Diagnosis Points 643.5.3 Representation and location of the points 653.5.4 Way of using the points 67

    3.6 Treatment of the manual electro-magnetic therapy 693.6.1 Foreword 693.6.2 Diseases caused by disturbances to the

    electro-magnetic system 70

    3.6.3 Treatment principles in the ShamsulManual Therapy 71

    3.6.3.1Principle 1 713.6.3.2Principle 2 72

    3.6.4 Eight techniques using the electro-magnetic system 72

    3.6.5 Treatment indications Manual MagneticTherapy 73

    3.6.6 Contra-indication 75

    CHAPTER 4 (PART 1)

    LOWER EXTREMITY FOOT AND TOES

    4.1 Foreword 78

    4.2 Joints at the sole and toes 78

    4.3 Muscles at the sole and toes 81

    4.4 Nerves at the sole and toes 82

    4.5 Treatment indication 84

    4.6 Treatment Method

    4.6.1 Part 1 Sagittal Medial line (P1 SM) 85

    4.6.2 Part 1 Rotational Medial line (P1 RM) 86

    4.6.3 Part 1 Rotational Posterior line (P1 RP) 87

    4.6.4 Part 1 Rotational Lateral line (P1 RL 88

    4.6.5 Part 1 Sagittal Lateral line ( B1 SL) 89

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    CHAPTER 5 (PART 2)

    LOWER EXTREMITY - CALF AND ANKLE JOINTS

    5.1 Foreword 90

    5.2 Joints at the ankle 905.3 Muscles at the calf 92

    5.4 Nerves at the ankle and calf 94

    5.5 Treatment indication 96

    5.6 Treatment method.

    5.6.1 Part 2 Sagittal Medial line (P2 SM) 97

    5.6.2 Part 2 Rotational Medial line (P2 RM) 98

    5.6.3 Part 2 Rotational Posterior line (P2 RP) 99

    5.6.4 Part 2 Rotational Lateral line (P2 RL) 100

    5.6.5 Part 2 Sagittal Lateral line (P2 SL) 101

    5.6.6 Part 2 Rotational Anterior line (P2 RA) 102

    CHAPTER 6 (PART 3)

    LOWER EXTREMITY KNEE JOINTS AND THIGH

    6.1 Foreword 103

    6.2 Joints at the knee 1036.3 Muscles at the thigh 106

    6.4 Nerves at the knee and thigh 108

    6.5 Treatment indication 110

    6.6 Treatment method

    6.6.1 Part 3 Sagittal Medial line (P3 SM ) 111

    6.6.2 Part 3 Rotational Medial line (P3 RM) 112

    6.6.3 Part 3 Rotational Posterior line (P3 RP) 113

    6.6.4 Part 3 Rotational Lateral line (P3 RL) 1146.6.5 Part 3 Sagittal Lateral line (P3 SL) 115

    6.6.6 Part 3 Rotational Anterior line (P3 RA) 116

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    CHAPTER 7 (PART 4)

    LOWER EXTREMITY PELVIC

    7.1 Foreword 117

    7.2 Joints at the pelvic 1177.3 Muscles at the pelvic 120

    7.4 Nerves at the pelvic 122

    7.5 Treatment indication 124

    7.6 Treatment method

    7.6.1 Part 4 Sagittal Medial line (P4 SM) 125

    7.6.2 Part 4 Rotational Medial line (P4 RM) 126

    7.6.3 Part 4 Rotational Posterior line (P4 RP) 127

    7.6.4 Part 4 Rotational Lateral line(P4 RL) 128

    7.6.5 Part 4 Sagittal Lateral line(P4 SL) 129

    7.6.6 Part 4 Rotational Anterior line(P4 RA) 130

    7.6.7 Part 4 Sagittal Medial Anterior

    line (P4 SM-A) 131

    7.6.8 Part 4 Sagittal Anterior line (P4 SA) 132

    7.6.9 Part 4 Sagittal Posterior line (P4 SP) 133

    CHAPTER 8 (PART 5)

    TRUNK LUMBAR AND ABDOMEN

    8.1 Foreword 134

    8.2 Joints at the Lumbar 134

    8.3 Muscles at the Lumbar and Abdomen 137

    8.4 Nerves at the Lumbar and Abdomen 140

    8.5 Treatment indication 142

    8.6 Treatment method

    8.6.1 Part 5 Sagittal Posterior line (P5 SP) 143

    8.6.2 Part 5 Sagittal Medial line (P5 SM) 144

    8.6.3 Part 5 Rotational Medial line (P5 RM) 145

    8.6.4 Part 5 Rotational Posterior line (P5 RP) 146

    8.6.5 Part 5 Rotational Lateral line(P5 RL) 147

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    8.6.6 Part 5 Sagittal Lateral line (P5 SL) 148

    8.6.7 Part 5 Rotational Anterior line (P5 RA) 149

    8.6.8 Part 5 Sagittal Medial-Anterior line

    (P5 SM-A) 150

    8.6.9 Part 5 Sagittal Anterior line (P5 SA) 151

    CHAPTER 9 (PART 6)

    TRUNK - THORACIC AND CHEST

    9.1 Foreword 152

    9.2 Joints at the Thoracic 152

    9.3 Muscles at the Thoracic and Scapular 155

    9.4 Nerves at the Thoracic 158

    9.5 Treatment indication 160

    9.6 Treatment method

    9.6.1 Part 6 Sagittal Posterior line (P6 SP) 161

    9.6.2 Part 6 Sagittal Medial line (P6 SM) 162

    9.6.3 Part 6 Rotational Medial line (P6 RM) 163

    9.6.4 Part 6 Rotational Posterior line (P6 RP) 164

    9.6.5 Part 6 Rotational Lateral line (P6 RL) 165

    9.6.6 Part 6 Sagittal Lateral line (P6 SL(a)) 166

    9.6.7 Part 6 Sagittal Lateral line (P6 SL(b)) 167

    9.6.8 Part 6 Rotational Anterior line (P6 RA) 168

    9.6.9 Part 6 Sagittal Medial-Anterior line(P6 SM-A) 169

    9.6.10 Part 6 Sagittal Anterior line (P6 SA) 170

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    CHAPTER 10 (PART 7)

    TRUNK CERVICAL AND NECK

    10.1 Foreword 171

    10.2 Joints at the cervical 17110.3 Muscles at the neck 174

    10.4 Nerves at the cervical 177

    10.5 Treatment indication 179

    10.6 Treatment method

    10.6.1 Part 7 Sagittal Posterior line (P7 SP) 180

    10.6.2 Part 7 Sagittal Medial line (P7 SM) 181

    10.6.3 Part 7 Rotational Medial line (P7 RM) 182

    10.6.4 Part 7 Rotational Posterior line (P7 RP) 183

    10.6.5 Part 7 Rotational Lateral line (P7 RL) 184

    10.6.6 Part 7 Rotational Anterior line

    (P7 RA(b)) 185

    10.6.7 Part 7 Sagittal Lateral line (P7 SL) 186

    10.6.8 Part 7 Rotational Anterior line (P7 RA) 187

    10.6.9 Part 7 Sagittal Medial-Anterior line

    (P7 SM-A) 188

    10.6.10 Part 7 Sagittal Anterior line (P7SA) 189

    CHAPTER 11(PART 9)

    UPPER EXTREMITY - SHOULDER

    11.1 Foreword 190

    11.2 Joints at the shoulder 190

    11.3 Muscles at the shoulder 193

    11.4 Nerves at the shoulder 196

    11.5 Treatment indication 197

    11.6 Treatment method

    11.6.1 Part 9 Sagittal Medial line (P9 SM) 198

    11.6.2 Part 9 Rotational Medial line (P9 RM) 199

    11.6.3 Part 9 Rotational Posterior line (P9 RP) 200

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    11.6.4 Part 9 Rotational Lateral line (P9 RL) 201

    11.6.5 Part 9 Sagittal Lateral line (P9 SL) 202

    11.6.6 Part 9 Rotational Anterior line (P9 RA) 203

    CHAPTER 12 (PART 10)

    UPPER EXTREMITY ELBOW AND UPPER ARM

    12.1 Foreword 204

    12.2 Joints at the elbow 204

    12.3 Muscles at the upper arm 207

    12.4 Nerves at the elbow and upper arm 209

    12.5 Treatment indication 210

    12.6 Treatment method

    12.6.1 Part 10 Sagittal Medial line (P10 SM) 211

    12.6.2 Part 10 Rotational Medial line (P10 RM) 212

    12.6.3 Part 10 Rotational Posterior line (P10 RP) 213

    12.6.4 Part 10 Rotational Lateral line (P10 RL) 214

    12.6.5 Part 10 Sagittal Lateral line (P10 SL) 215

    12.6.6 Part 10 Rotational Anterior line (P10 RA) 216

    CHAPTER 13(PART 11)

    UPPER EXTREMITY WRIST JOINT AND LOWER ARM

    13.1 Foreword 217

    13.2 Joints at the wrist 217

    13.3 Muscles at the lower arm 220

    13.4 Nerves at the wrist and lower arm 221

    13.5 Treatment indication 223

    13.6 Treatment method

    13.6.1 Part 11Sagittal Medial line (P11 SM) 22413.6.2 Part 11 Rotational Medial line (P11 RM) 225

    13.6.3 Part 11 Rotational Posterior line (P11 RP) 226

    13.6.4 Part 11 Rotational Lateral line (P11 RL) 227

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    13.6.5 Part 11 Sagittal Lateral line(P11 SL) 228

    13.6.6 Part 11 Rotational Anterior line (P11 RA) 229

    CHAPTER 14 (PART 12)

    UPPER EXTREMITY- HAND AND FINGERS

    14.1 Foreword 230

    14.2 Joints at the hand and fingers 230

    14.3 Muscles at the hand and fingers 233

    14.4 Nerves at the hand and fingers 234

    14.5 Treatment indication 235

    14.6 Treatment method

    14.6.1 Part 12 Sagittal Medial line (P12 SM) 236

    14.6.2 Part 12 Rotational Medial line (P12 RM) 237

    14.6.3 Part 12 Rotational Posterior line(P12 RP) 238

    14.6.4 Part 12 Rotational Lateral line (P12 RL) 239

    14.6.5 Part 12 Sagittal Lateral line (P12 SL) 240

    14.6.6 Rotational Anterior point No 40 (RA 40) 241

    CHAPTER 15 PROOF OF THE CLINICAL RESEARCH

    15.1 Foreword 242

    15.2 Comparison of the study 242

    15.3 Research evaluation form 243

    15.4 Data from patient and disease collected 246

    15.5 Data from research results15.5.1 Comparison (1) Connection between magnetic

    -electro and magnetic-electro problems. 248

    15.5.2 Comparison (5) Effect of magnetic-electrowith magnetic-electro problems. 250

    15.5.3 Comparison (2) Connection between

    magnetic-electro and mechanical problems. 251

    15.5.4 Comparison (6) Effect of magnetic- electro

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    with mechanical problems. 252

    15.5.5 Comparison (3) Connection between

    magnetic-electro and medical problems. 253

    15.5.6 Comparison (7) Effect of magnetic-electro

    with medical problems. 254

    15.6 Data summary from group 1, group 2 and group 3 255

    15.7 Example of clinical cases treated 256

    INSPIRATION SOURCES 261

    REFERENCE 262

    READING SOURCES 262

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    LIST OF DIAGRAMS

    DIAGRAM NO. TOPIC PAGE

    1.1 (a) Classic therapy zone diagram 3

    1.1 (b) Manual electro magnetic therapy diagram 4

    1.2 Trigger points scatter 6

    1.3 Updated trigger points scatter 8

    1.4 Magnetic lines of the front part of the body 12

    1.5 Meridian lines of the front part of the body 13

    1.6 Rotational anterior magnetic points of the upper

    extremity 16

    1.7 Meridian sanjiao points of the upper extremity 16

    1.8 Rotational medial magnetic points of the upper

    extremity 16

    1.9 Meridian heart points of the upper extremity 161.10 Rotational lateral magnetic points of the upper extremity 17

    1.11 Meridian lung points of the upper extremity 17

    1.12 Rotational posterior magnetic points of the upper extremity 17

    1.13 Meridian pericadium points of the upper extremity 17

    1.14 Rotational posterior magnetic line of the upper extremity 18

    1.15 Meridian pericadium line of the upper extremity 181.16 Rotational lateral magnetic line of the upper extremity 18

    1.17 Meridian lung line of the upper extremity 18

    1.18 Rotational medial magnetic line of the upper extremity 191.19 Meridian heart line of the upper extremity 191.20 Rotational anterior magnetic line of the upper extremity 191.21 Meridian sanjiao line of the upper extremity 192.1 Magnetic structures of the upper extremity 252.2 Positive spaces in the magnetic lines 272.3 Negative spaces in the magnetic lines 272.4 Sagittal Medial line journey 29

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    2.5 Rotational Posterior line journey 312.5.1 Sagittal Lateral line journey 332.6 Rotational Medial line journey 352.7 Rotational Anterior line journey 372.8 Rotational Lateral line journey 392.9 Sagittal Posterior line journey 412.10 Sagittal Anterior line journey 433.1 (a) Technique no.1 single 47

    3.1 (b) Technique no. 1 reinforced 47

    3.2 (a) Technique no. 2 single 49

    3.2 (b) Technique no. 2 reinforced 49

    3.3 (a) Technique no. 3 single 51

    3.3 (b) Technique no. 3 reinforced 51

    3.4 (a) Technique no. 4 single 52

    3.4 (b) Technique no. 4 reinforced 53

    3.5 Supine lying position 553.6 Side lying position 563.7 Prone lying position 573.8 High sitting position 583.9 Energy reaction circle and its changes

    during treatment 59

    3.10 Longitudinal force 60

    3.11 Circular force 61

    3.12 Transverse force 62

    3.13 Vertical force 63

    3.9 Location of diagnosis magnetic points 683.10 Location of treatment line ( front) 763.11 Location of treatment line (rear) 774.1 Joints at the sole and toes 804.2 Muscles at the sole and toes 81

    4.3 Nerves at the sole and toes 83

    5.1 Joints at the ankle 915.2 Muscles at the calf 935.3 Nerves at the ankle and calf 95

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    6.1 Joints at the knee (front) 104

    6.2 Joints at the knee (rear) 1056.3 Muscles at the thigh 107

    6.4 Nerves at the knee and thigh 109

    7.1 Joints at the pelvic (front) 118

    7.2 Joints at the pelvic (rear) 119

    7.3 Muscles at the pelvic 121

    7.4 Nerves at the pelvic 1238.1 Joints at the lumbar (front) 135

    8.2 Joints at the lumbar (rear) 136

    8.3 Muscles at the abdominal 138

    8.4 Muscles at the lumbar 1398.5 Nerves at the lumbar 1419.1 Joints at the thoracic(front) 153

    9.2 Joints at the thoracic (rear) 154

    9.3 Muscles at the thoracic(front) 156

    9.4 Muscles at the thoracic(rear) 157

    9.5 Nerves at the thoracic 15910.1 Joints at the cervical(front) 172

    10.2 Joints at the cervical (rear) 173

    10.3 Muscles at the neck(front) 175

    10.4 Muscles at the neck(rear) 176

    10.5 Nerves at the neck 17811.1 Joints at the shoulder(front) 191

    11.2 Joints at the shoulder(rear) 192

    11.3 Muscles at the shoulder(front) 194

    11.4 Muscles at the shoulder (rear) 19511.5 Nerves at the shoulder 19612.1 Joints at the elbow(front) 205

    12.2 Joints at the elbow(rear) 206

    12.3 Muscles at the upper arm(front) 207

    12.4 Muscles at the upper arm(rear) 208

    12.5 Nerves at the elbow and upper arm 20913.1 Joints at the wrist(front) 218

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    13.2 Joints at the wrist(rear) 219

    13.3 Muscles at the lower arm(front) 220

    13.4 Muscles at the lower arm(rear) 221

    13.5 Nerves at the lower arm and wrist 22214.1 Bones at the hand and finger 231

    14.2 Joints at the hand and finger 232

    14.3 Muscles at the hand 233

    14.4 Nerves at the hand 234

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    GLOSSARY

    Sagittal - Cross-section of the front and rear

    Coronal - Cross-section of the inner and outer part

    Rotational - Circular cross-section

    Horizontal - Transverse cross-section

    Longitudinal - Straight direction

    Circular - Circular direction

    Transverse - Horizontal direction

    Vertical - Upright direction

    Anterior - Front part

    Posterior - Rear part

    Lateral - Outer part

    Medial - Inner part

    Superior - Top part

    Inferior - Bottom part

    Posterior medial - Rear inner part

    Posterior lateral - Rear outer part

    Extension - Straight joint movement

    Flexion - Bending joint movement

    External Rotation - Outwards rotation joint movement

    Internal Rotation - Inwards rotation joint movement

    Abduction - Outwards side joint movement

    Adduction - Inwards side joint movement

    Inversion - Ankle joint inward movement

    Eversion - Ankle joint outward movement

    Pronation - Radioulnar joint inward movement

    Supination - Radioulnar joint outward movement

    Ulna deviation - Wrist joint inward movement

    Radial deviation - Wrist joint outward movement

    Depression - Scapula downward movement

    Elevation - Scapula upward movement

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    Protection - Scapula forward movement

    Retraction - Scapula backward movement

    Opposition - Fingers angulation movement

    Extensor - Extension muscles movement

    Flexor - Flexor muscles movement

    External Rotator - Outwards rotation muscles movement

    Internal Rotator - Inwards rotation muscles movement

    Abductor - Abduction muscles movement

    Adductor - Adduction muscles movement

    Evertor - Eversion muscles movement

    Invertor - Inversion muscles movement

    Supinator - Supination muscles movement

    Pronator - Pronation muscles movement

    Depressor - Depression muscles movement

    Elevator - Elevation muscles movement

    Protector - Protection muscles movement

    Retrector - Retrection muscles movement

    Opponent - Opposition muscles movement

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    FOR THE MIND

    Read,

    (Oh Muhammad) in the name of the Lord who createth,

    Createth man from a clot.

    Read, And the Lord is the Most Bounteous.

    Who teacheth by the pen.

    Teacheth man that which he knew not.

    Nay, but verily man is rebellious.

    That he thinketh himself independent

    Lo! Unto thy Lord is the return.

    Al-QURAN, CHAPTER 96 AL ALAQ VERSE 1 - 9