Ch. 7. Growth vs. Development Growth- changes in size such as weight & length Development- increases and changes in physical, emotional, social, and intellectual

Growth vs. Development Growth- changes in size such as weight & length Development- increases and changes in physical, emotional, social, and intellectual skills. Heredity and environment both play an important role in the babys growth and development.

Patterns of Physical Development 3 different patterns 1. Head to Foot Begins before birth and continues after birth The head leads the development down to the feet EX 1: Head control EX 2: Control of muscles- hands and arms before legs and feet

Patterns of Physical Development Near to Far Development starts close to the body and goes outwards EX: Babies will first wave their arms to get an object then eventually grab the object. Arms Hands Fingers

Patterns of Physical Development Simple to Complex First develop large muscle groups EX: neck, arms, torso, & legs As babies strengthen and gain control over these muscles, they learn to do increasingly complex tasks. Ex: controlling the head, rolling, reaching, crawling

Developmental Milestone A key skill used to check a childs progress Development experts have studied the range of ages to determine the average ages at which children acquire certain skills. Ex: A child may inherit a strong healthy body but becomes sick for an extended period time which can delay certain developmental milestones.

Heredity Referred to as NATURE Includes the physical makeup, or structure, that a baby inherits from his or her parents. Inherit a unique combination of genes Having certain genes does not mean a person will automatically exhibit those traits. EX: someone may be very gifted in music but if he/she does not get the opportunity to sing or play their talent may never emerge.

Nutrition Proper nutrition is essential for: Essential nutrients the body needs to grow and develop Affects bone strength, brain development, & height. Can be at risk for illness, delayed growth, or death if the baby does not get enough calories or nutrients.

Health A baby who is healthy is more likely to: Eat well and have energy to be active Have varied experiences that stimulate the brain and aid in muscle development. Poor health at risk of falling behind developmentally. Parents must provide good nutrition, a safe environment, and regular medical check-ups/care

Brain Development Q: Is it the quantity or variety of experiences a child has that impacts brain development? A: Both! The baby needs a stimulating environment that provides a variety of different experience and it should be done quite often. A stimulating environment supports brain development.

Environment Know as NURTURE Includes influences such as nutrition, amount of stimulation, health, and relationships. Stimulating environment- an environment in which the baby has a wide variety of things to see, taste, smell, hear, and touch. Important for BRAIN Development An environment lacking in stimulation can result in fewer or weaker connections in the brain and delayed or slow development in other areas. (ex: language skills)

Growth and Development During the First Year Triple in birth weight Increase length by 50% Doctors use growth charts to determine whether the baby is growing at a healthy pace Growth chart- shows average height and weight of girls and boys at various ages. Very few babies match the average measurements on growth charts children grow at their own rate Doctors watch for a steady pattern of growth.

Average Lengths and Weights MalesFemales AgeLength (in)Weight (lb)Length (in)Weight (lb) Birth19 7 19 7 3 Months241323 12 6 Months26 17 25 15 9 Months2820 27 18 12 Months2922 2921

Development During the 1 st Year Weight gain is one of the best signs of good health Most newborns will lose 10% of birth weight in the first 5 days. Length- babies are measured lying down. Body Shape- Newborns tend to hold themselves in a tightly curled position Proportion- refers to the relationship between different parts of the body. A babys head grows rapidly during the first year to accommodate the developing brain.

Understanding Averages Q: Explain when parents should become concerned if their baby is above or below average in weight according to growth charts? A: If they are not growing at a consistent pattern or show progressive improvement in growth.

Senses Vision: Blurry at first then will increase within a week or so. Can follow slow moving objects By 1 month, babies can focus on objects up to 3 feet away By 6 months, eyesight reaches clarity and sharpness of the adult level. Depth Perception- the ability to perceive objects that are 3-D. At first infants can only see the world in 2-D By the 2 nd month they can see 3-D

Senses Hearing Develops before birth Newborns respond to voice tone than words By 7 months they recognize parents and other caregivers by their voice Language development begins Touch Newborns rely on the touch of others to teach them about their environment Touch progresses throughout the first year

Senses Smell and Taste Both develop rapidly Within 10 days they can distinguish their mother by smell Within 2 weeks babies can taste the difference between different flavors (ex: water, sour, sugar) Babies put anything and everything in their mouth to learn about their world. Voice Start to babble vowel sounds as early as 3 months By 1 year, many babies can imitate speech sounds and understand simple phrases

Reflexes Reflex- an instinctive, automatic response such as sucking or grasping The Sucking Reflex Stimulated when something is put in their mouth The Rooting Reflex Happens when the babys cheek is stoked The Moro Reflex The baby will throw the arms back with fist clenched when the arms are held and suddenly released Other Automatic Reflexes Shutting eyes under a bright light, grabbing a finger placed in the hand, stepping motion when feet touch floor

Motor Skills Gross Motor Skills A skill that involves large muscles of the body such as shoulders and legs EX: Skill- jumping or running Fine Motor Skills Involves the smaller muscles of the body such as fingers EX: Skill- using scissors or writing

Walking Q: At about what age do babies usually take their first steps alone? A: 12 month

Hand-Eye Coordination The ability to move the hands and fingers precisely in relation to what is seen An Essential skill for Eating Catching a ball Color pictures Tie shoes Newborns have poor hand-eye coordination Develops as vision and motor skills improve (3-4mo.)

Caring For An Infant

Handling a Baby Holding the baby Support the babys neck Hold baby close Smooth and gentle movements

Handling a Baby Shaken baby syndrome A condition that occurs when someone severely shakes a baby, usually in an effort to make him or her stop crying Can lead to: Cerebral palsy Mental retardation Blindness Broken bones Injuries of the neck and spine Death

A month-old baby will not stop crying. The parent is starting to feel angry and is afraid of losing control. What would you recommend? - Put the baby down in a safe place, go into another room, take some deep breaths - Ask a friend or relative to care for the baby for a few hours - Call someone and talk about the problems - Call a parenting hotline

Bedtime Routines Safety precautions: Remove pillows, fluffy blankets, puffy bumper pads, and stuffed toys Can cause suffocation Place baby face up in crib What will this prevent from happening?

Bedtime Routines What if the baby continues to cry? Choice one: Cry it out Leaving the baby alone to let them cry themselves to sleep Choice two: Comfort the baby Hold and comfort the baby immediately Choice three: Combination of one and two Go to the baby after a few minutes, offer comfort without picking up the baby then Repeat the sequences if the baby continues to cry Dont let the baby cry more than 15 minutes

Feeding an Infant Introducing solid food Four to six months Choose foods that are soft and easy to chew and swallow Avoid salty foods Foods that work well: Watery rice cereals Strained fruits and vegetable Amount of solid foods consumed should increase over time

Feeding an Infant Babys under the age of one should not be fed cows milk Hard to digest Babies under six months should not drink fruit juice Promotes tooth decay May curve or limit a childs appetite Should be water down

Feeding an Infant Review What are three advantages of breast feeding?

Feeding an Infant Possible reasons for using formula Mother may not be able to breast feed Father can participate Socially acceptable in public Convenient

Feeding an Infant Babies should eat until they are satisfied Healthy babies usually eat only the amount they need Overeating is generally not an issue

Feeding an Infant Self-feeding Eight or tens month Finger foods Small pieces of food that can easily be picked up with fingers and eaten Foods to avoid Raw vegetables Hot dogs Nuts Peanut butter Whole grapes Candy, Chips Pretzels Popcorn

Feeding an Infant Burping the baby Babies swallow air as they drink Must burp to expel air Burp the baby at least twice throughout the feeding Find a comfortable position to burp a baby Gently pat baby on the back Protect your clothing

Feeding an Infant Weaning Changing from drinking from the bottle or breast to a cup Around one year in age Signs that they are ready to be weaned Playing or looking around while feeding Pushing the breast or bottle away Showing a preference for eating solids

Feeding an Infant Introducing Solid Food New foods should be introduced at least four days apart to figure out which food is the problem Sign to look for is there is a problem with food Rashes Digestive trouble Allergic reaction

Feeding an Infant Malnutrition Inadequate nutrition Not receiving enough of the right types of foods Medical conditions

Dressing a Baby Dressing for the weather Dress in one more layer than an older child or adult Babies lose heat more easily than adults but are also sensitive to overheating

Dressing a Baby Choosing Clothing Not too snug but not too large Comfort and ease is most important Snaps, cuffs, buttons, elastic waistbands

Infant Health and Wellness

Keeping the Baby Clean Two Types : Sponge Bath Until naval heals Tub bath Two-three months of age Bath should occur two or three times a week

Cradle cap Skin condition known for yellowish, crusty patches on the scalp Treatment: Wash scalp daily with mild shampoo

Diapering a Baby Very young babies may need changes 12-15 times a day Diaper rash Patches of rough, red, irritated skin in the diaper area Treatment: Mild cases: frequent changes Severe cases: medicated cream

Steps to Changing a Diaper 1. Remove the diaper 2. Clean the baby Using a damp washcloth or disposable wipe 3. Put on a fresh diaper Hold the babys ankles and lift the body to slide the diaper underneath the baby 4. Dispose of used supplies

Teeth Develop around the 6th week of pregnancy Begin to break through around 6 months or later Teething The process of the teeth pushing their way through the gums Signs of teething Gums swell and become tender Baby become cranky Fuss during feedings Drool a lot Low-grade fever Want to chew on hard items

Infant Safety Concerns Choking Suffocation Water accidents Falls Poisoning Burns Sun Animals How can you reduce the risk of injury from the above categories?

Regular Checkups Checkups usually scheduled Two or three days after birth 1 month 2 months 4 months 6 months 9 months 12 months

The Importance of Immunization Immunizations A shot of a small amount of a dead or weak disease- carrying germ given so the body may build resistance to the disease After being immunized, the body produces antibodies to fight off the germs from the disease

Common Immunizations Hepatitis B Tetanus Polio Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vercelli (Chicken pox) Influenza Hepatitis A

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Ch. 7. Growth vs. Development Growth- changes in size such as weight & length Development- increases and changes in physical, emotional, social, and intellectual