CH 7: Applying the Coherence PrincipleUse of extraneous sounds, pictures and words should be avoided when

designing an e-lesson.

Psychological Reasons for Coherence PrincipleExtraneous sounds, pictures or words can interfere

with learning in 3 ways: Distraction

Guides learner’s limited attention away from relevant material

Disruption Prevents learner from building appropriate links among

relevant material Seduction

Primes inappropriate existing knowledge

CH 8: Applying the Personalization

PrincipleUsing conversational style (vs.

formal) and an onscreen learning agent in e-lessons can help learning

What and HowDefinition: A learning agent or a pedagogical agent is an

onscreen character who helps guide the learning processes during an instructional episode.

Could be animated or real looking, but it should be:

1. Spoken vs. onscreen text (modality effect)

2. Conversational vs. formal style (personalization effect)

3. Human voice vs. machine-simulated voice