CH 5 Attitude

7/31/2019 CH 5 Attitude

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ORGANISATIONAL

BEHAVIOUR

Taruna Dureja Banga

ATTITUDES AND

VALUES


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Definition:

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An attitude is mental state of

readiness , learned and organized

through experience , exerting aspecific influence on persons

response to people ,object and

situations with which it is related.


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What is attitude?

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Ideas we hold about ourselves, others, objects

and experiences

An evaluation a person makes about an

object, person, group, event or issue

An evaluation refers to a judgement being

made either positive or negative about

something


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Tri-component model of

attitudes

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This is the most widely used model to explain

attitude

Proposes that attitude has three related

components the affective, behavioural andcognitive components which are sometimesreferred to as the ABC of attitudes.


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Taruna Dureja Banga

Three Components of Attitudes


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Taruna Dureja Banga

THREE COMPONENTS OF

ATTITUDES

Affective Component The emotional or feelingsegment of an attitude (the feelings,sentiments,moods andemotions)

Behavioral Component An intention to behavein a certain way towards someone or something.(to get a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of everything)

Cognitive Component The opinion or beliefsegment of an attitude.

Beliefs, opinions, knowledge or information held by the

individual


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Affective component

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Refers to emotional reactions or feelings an

individual has towards a object, person, group,

event or issue

Based on a judgment which results in either apositive, negative or neutral response.

Examples:

I enjoy playing tennis

I hate maths

Im not interested in politics


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Behavioural Component

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Refers to the way an attitude is expressedthrough our actions (or intended actions if anopportunity presented itself)

ExamplesRunning to keep fit is the behavioural component

that reflects your attitude towards fitness

Studying for an exam is the behavioural

component that reflects your attitude towardsschool


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Cognitive component

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Refers to the belief we have about an object,

person, group, event or issue

These are linked to what we know about the

world and developed through experience

Some beliefs are true and some are false

Some can be verified and some cannot


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Work Related Components of

Attitudes

Taruna Dureja Banga


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FORMATION OF ATTITUDE:

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Direct experience with the object.

Classical conditioning and Attitudes.

Operant conditioning and Attitude acquisition.

Vicarious learning.

Family and Peer Groups.

Neighbourhood.

Economic Status and Occupations.

Mass Communications.


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Formation of Attitudes

Taruna Dureja Banga


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Classical conditioning and Attitude.

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Experiment indicate that

affect can influence attitudes

even in the absence ofproduct beliefs and also

suggest that affect plays as

important or more important

a role experiments, using

established conditioning

procedures, assessed the

impact of affect on attitude

formation.


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Operant conditioning and Attitude acquisition.

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Attitudes are acquired rather

than inborn , complex

attitudes are probablyformed through operant

conditioning, as an

individual is reinforced for

holding certain attitudes.


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Vicarious learning.

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Vicarious learning is alsoknown as observationallearning. It is a process in

which an individualobserves anotherindividual's behaviour andits aftermath. If the outcomeis positive, the individual islikely to imitate thatbehaviour. This form oflearning encouragesawareness of surroundingsand teaches the individualthe basics of social

interaction.


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Family and Peer Group.

Peer pressure refers to the

influence exerted by a peergroup in encouraging a

person to change his or her

attitude or behaviour in

order to conform to group

norms. For E.g.:- A person

may learn attitude while he

is in a group.

Taruna Dureja Banga


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Neighbourhood.

The neighborhood we live in

has a certain structure in

terms of it having cultural

facilities, religiousgroupings, and possibly

ethnic differences. Further,

we accept these moves and

conform, or we deny themand possibly rebel. The

conformity or rebellion in

some respects is the attitudes

we hold.Taruna Dureja Banga


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Economic Status and Occupations.

Our economic and

occupational positions also

contributes to attitudes

formation. They determine,

in part, our attitudestowards unions and

management and our belief

that certain laws are

good or bad . Oursocio-economic

background influences our

present and future attitudes.

Taruna Dureja Banga


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Mass Communication.

All varieties of mass

communications

television , radio ,

newspapers , and

magazines- feed theiraudiences large quantities

of information. The

presentation of news or

information is constructedso as to cater to the attitude

of the audience.

Taruna Dureja Banga


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Benefits of Positive Attitude.

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Increase productivity.

Fosters teamwork.

Solves problems.

Improves quality.

Makes for congenial atmosphere.

Breeds loyalty.

Increase profits.

Fosters better relationship with the employers, employees and

customers. Reduces stress.

Makes for a pleasing personality.


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Functions of Attitude.

Taruna Dureja Banga


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A. The Adjustment Function:

Attitudes often help people to adjust to their workenvironment. Well-treated employees tend to develop apositive attitude towards their job, management and theorganization in general while ill treated organizational

members develop a negative attitude. In other words,attitudes help employees adjust to their environment andform a basis for future behaviour.

B. Value-expressive:

Express basic values, reinforce self-image.Eg: if you view yourself as a Catholic, you can reinforce that

image by adopting Catholic beliefs and values. Eg: We mayhave a self-image of ourselves as an enlightenedconservative or a militant radical, and we therefore cultivateattitudes that we believe indicate such a core value.


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Taruna Dureja Banga

C.Knowledge:

Attitudes provide meaningful, structured environment. In lifewe seek some degree of order, clarity, and stability in ourpersonal frame of reference. Attitudes help supply us withstandards of evaluation. Via such attitudes as stereotypes,

we can bring order and clarity to the complexities of humanlife.

D. Ego-defensive :

Some attitudes serve to protect us from acknowledging basictruths about ourselves or the harsh realities of life. They serveas defense mechanisms. Eg: Those with feelings of inferioritymay develop attitude of superiority.


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Changing Attitude.

Taruna Dureja Banga

Escalation of commitment.

Cognitive dissonance.

Insufficient information.


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Ways of changing of Attitude.

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Changing

attitude of self.

Changingattitude ofemployees.


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Changing attitude of self.

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Be aware of ones attitude.

Think for self.

Realize that there are few , if any, benefits from

harboring negative attitude.

Keep an open mind.

Built a positive self esteem.

Stay away from negative influence.


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Changing Attitude of Employees

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Give feedback.

Accentuated positive conditions.

Positive role model.

Providing new information.

Use of fear.

Influence of friends or press.

The co-opting approach

Others.


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Response to Job Dissatisfaction.

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exit voice

neglect loyalty

Constructive

Active

Destructive

Passive


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Taruna Dureja Banga

Job Satisfaction

Model


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Work Environment and Job Satisfaction

Some Possible Relationship

Taruna Dureja Banga


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Taruna Dureja Banga

Responses to Job Dissatisfaction


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Behavioural Intentions Model

Taruna Dureja Banga


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What is a value?

Qualities, characteristics, or ideas about whichwe feel strongly.

Our values affect our decisions, goals andbehavior.

A belief or feeling that someone or something isworthwhile.

Values define what is of worth, what is

beneficial, and what is harmful Values are standards to guide your action,

judgments, and attitudes.


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Categories of Values

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There are a number of different categories into which valuescan be placed.

Personal values

Personal values are those you take for yourself and whichconstitute a critical part of your values and are apparent in

attitudes, beliefs, and actions.Personal values may be prioritized, such as honesty then

responsibility then loyalty and so on.

Social values

Social values are those which put the rights of wider groups of

people first. This may include equality, justice, liberty,freedom, and national pride. These are often instilled into uswhen we were young.


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Categories of Values

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Political valuesPolitical values are ideological beliefs about the best way to

govern a country or organization, for example throughwelfare, democracy and civic responsibility.

Economic values

Economic values are those around money, and may includebeliefs around ownership of property, contributing to thecommon good (taxes!), the balance of supply and demandand so on.

Religious values

Religious values are spiritual in nature and include beliefs inhow we should behave, including caring of one another andin worship of our deity or deities

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CH 5 Attitude