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Ch. 28.1 & 31.1
Living in E & SE Asia
Monday:Environment Terms due!Economics quiz
Wednesday, 4/29: E & SE Asia Test
Next Unit: Australia, Oceania & Antarctica!
Reminders!!!
Systems of Economics
Command Economy
Everything controlled by government
No private ownership (government owns all businesses, etc.)
North Korea, communist nation
Market System
Based on private ownership—people can own their own businesses
Little to no government interference
Japan, South Korea, Taiwan (democracies)
Mixed System: mix of bothSome private ownership, but also government
interferenceChina (communist) & Mongolia (democracy) went from
command to mixed
Agriculture
China: communist changes since 1949Great Leap Forward organized farmers into
large farming communities (communes), but gov’t decided which methods to use
famine!Reversed in 1980s (smaller farms, profits) &
farming became more productive
Most countries: rural-based ag. urban-based industry
Agriculture
South Korea Agriculture force = 12% of population Most work on small family farms Farm labor shortage because of movement to urban
areas use of modern machinery, more efficient farming
practicesNorth Korea
Agriculture = 25% of economy, 40% of workforce Organized into cooperatives, or farms jointly operated
by households Government-controlled crop production & distribution
short supply
Agriculture
Japan & Taiwan Largely industrialized, but
agriculture is still important
Challenges: Mountainous terrains (4/5
of Japan!) Income inequality (rural vs.
urban workers) Adaptations
Terracing Use of modern machinery Fertilizers Irrigation Farmers receive financial
support from government
Industry
Level of Development
Goods Challenges
Japan Post-industrial Ships, cars, cameras, computers, consumer goods
Global eco troubleLowering industrial prod, higher unemployment
S. Korea Post-industrial Ships, steel equipment, motor vehicles
Econ. Problems
N. Korea Falls behind competitors
Chemicals, heavy machinery, military equipment
Forced to trade with non-Communist countries
Taiwan Fully industrialized Textiles, plastics, electronics
Global eco trouble
China Continuing to rapidly industrialize
Textiles, clothing, footwear, toys, plastics
Wealth gap, rise of pollution & unemployment
Industry
Hong Kong & Macau
Hong Kong to China in 1997 (from British)
Macau to China in 1999 (from Portugal)
Effects: Both are major industrial
& trading centers wealth to China China prospers!!
**Both Hong Kong & Macau maintain a market economy**
Trading port in Hong Kong
Trade
Recently: more INTERDEPENDENCE (rely on one another)
APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Goal: Fair trading among member counties is efficient & fair Cannot achieve goals because there are still issues among
countries Trade disputes Political differences (communism vs. democracy, ex.)
China Trade stumbling block: treatment of dissidents, or people
who speak out against the government Harsh treatment of citizens China improving on human
rights
Qinghai-Tibet Railway
A way to connect Tibet to the rest of China
Response China: it will lessen
Tibet’s isolation, boost economy
Tibet: it will draw more Chinese to Tibet and dilute Tibet’s culture
Communications: Comparison
North Korea & China: Communist!!
Governments control communications, news media, and citizens’ access to the internet
In short…control & censorship!
Japan, South Korea & Taiwan: democracies
Free press!
Most own radios, TVs & telephones
Wide variety of information available (via newspapers, magazines & books)
Southeast Asia
Agriculture
Rice = major crop in Southeast Asia Good climate (warm & wet)+ fertile soil + H2O from
irrigation + stored H2O = multiple crops each year!
Done by hand because many people here do not have machinery Use knives, called “sickles”
Fertile river valleys & plains = source of livelihood. GOOD FOR CROPS!
Agriculture
Subsistence Farming (small-scale)
Farming just enough for family, maybe a village—not for export or profit!
In this region… Veggies Pigs Poultry Cassava (edible root)
Cash Crops (large-scale)
Farming (or extracting natural resources) with profits/exporting in mind
In this region… Rubber Coconuts Coffee Palm oil Spices
Resources: Forestry & “Black Gold”
Forestry (logging, etc.) is a major industry in SE Asia Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia & Philippines depend on
lumber for their economyNatural resources abundant, especially OIL
Malaysia: petroleum & natural gas reserves Brunei: High GDP because of crude oil, natural gas, and
petroleum products; accounts for 95% exports! Indonesia: largest producer of petroleum
Was a part of OPEC until 2008 Islands developing because of building pipelines, which carry oil
from drilling sites to the coasts for shipping (export = $$)
Industry
Others: not so much….why?? Wars in Laos, Vietnam & Cambodia Political changes in Laos, Vietnam & Cambodia;
instability in Indonesia Physical location: Laos is landlocked & must use
agriculture—hard to industrialize Economic isolation in Myanmar slow economic
growth Rapid population growth in Vietnam Lack of skills/skilled workers in Indonesia & Cambodia
Most countries in Southeast Asia are going from being agricultural to fully industrialized
Interdependence: Most countries rely on each other
ADB: Asian Development Bank
Goal: support agriculture, transportation, and industrial development projects
Provides international loans to the economies of Asian member countries
ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Goals: Promote economic growth Encourage cultural
exchanges among member countries
Provides cooperation for countries formerly @ odds
(there is no full-on economic or political unity, though!)
Strait of Malacca: shipping port!
This “choke point” (strategic location) allows Singapore to prosper as a “free port” Place where goods
can be unloaded, stored, and reshipped free of import duties
Most shipping between Europe & East Asia passes through here—near Singapore!
Communication services
Rural areas are improving because of satellites
This newspaper is one of the few available in Cambodia
TV & radio are controlled by the government in many urban centers, but are abundant (and free of government!!) in Singapore, Brunei & the Philippines