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Rick Williams, Principal Owen Ronchelli, Project Manager J. Connor Williams, Data Specialist
Last updated June 5, 2019
Central Eastside Industrial DistrictPARKING ASSESSMENT + PERMIT ANALYSIS SUMMARY
2019
Prepared for: City of Portland Bureau of Transportation 1221 SW 4th Ave., Portland, OR 97204
Prepared by:
Parachute Strategies 1428 SE 19th Ave., #201 Portland, OR 97214
Guenevere Millius, Principal Julia Sylla, Graphic Designer Aubrey Gates King, Copy Editor
William Reynolds, Principal
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 2
I. Introduction
This summary presents initial findings of the 2019 Central Eastside Industrial District annual data collection effort. This year’s data is contrasted, where applicable, to findings gathered in 2018. Methodologies for collecting data were identical for each of the two survey years; including cataloguing hourly license plate data for all parking stalls in the designated study area over a 12-hour study day and cataloguing all permit use (by displayed permit) over the same period. The 2019 survey was conducted on Thursday, April 11, 2019. The 2018 survey was conducted on Wednesday, April 3, 2018.1
II. Surveyed Parking Inventory
Per the recommendation of the Central Eastside Transportation and Parking Advisory Committee (TPAC) the 2019 parking survey data collection day and routes were adjusted from 2018. The intent of the TPAC for these alterations is to ensure that new areas of the district are routinely sampled, and seasonal variations are accounted for; creating a more robust data base for analysis and greater district representation. Figure A, next page, displays the selected 2019 study area (shaded in dark blue) and overlays the 2018 study area block faces (red lines).
General ConsiderationBecause data for 2018 and 2019 were collected in the spring, comparative analysis will be consistent as to time of year, even with amended data zones selected by PBOT and the TPAC. Data from 2017 and 2018 was collected in fall and spring, respectively, as a means to evaluate seasonal differences (which were evident for overall peak hour occupancy). The ability to view these types of comparative findings is instructive and establishes a more representative view of the parking dynamics in the district as well as insights into specific areas and issues important to PBOT and the TPAC.
1 In 2018, 2,224 stalls were sampled versus 1,911 in 2019. This difference is simply a function of the data zones selected by the City and the CEID TPAC for analysis.
Key 2019 Outcomes• Peak hour shifted to 12:00 PM in 2019 from 11:00 AM in 2018.• Peak hour occupancy increased from 77.9% in 2018 to 88.6% in 2019.• Significant increase (10.6%) in average hourly occupancies in all surveyed hours.• “Or By Permit” stalls 95.0% occupied in 2019 versus 86.1% in 2018.• In 2019, 2,689 permits displayed in peak hour versus 3,021 in 2018, extrapolated.• Violation rate in 2019 is 25%, down from 31% in 2018.• Recommended decrease in 2019 permit allocations to 0.60 FTE (from 0.63).• Potential conflicts between visitors and employees competing for access to stalls is growing.
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 3
Figure A: 2019 Project Study Area (Data Collected April 2019)
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 4
III. Inventory
Figures B1 through B6 provide a detailed breakout of the 2019 surveyed inventory with comparison to 2018.
• 2019 sampled 1,911 stalls; 363 fewer stalls than in 2018’s 2,274 stalls.• The use type most affected by the decrease in stalls surveyed were No Limit stalls; decreasing from 220 in
2018 to 73 in 2019. Also, the number of 30-minute stalls surveyed dropped from 122 in 2018 to 75 in 2019. • 2 Hour stalls comprise 91% of the studied area in 2019 (1,737 stalls). Of this total, 449 are metered, 232 are
signed 2 Hours only and 1,056 are designated 2 Hours Or By Permit.
Figures B1 - B2: 2019 and 2018 Parking Inventory Comparison
B1: Sample (On-Street Supply Included in Study)
*The 2019 quantities in this chart do not add up to 1,911 as 73 stalls are No Limit and cannot be distributed in stall categories of metered, signed, Or By Permit.
5 stalls (<1% of all
stalls)
6 stalls (<1% of
all stalls)
6 stalls (<1% of
all stalls)
2 stalls (<1% of
all stalls)
6 stalls (< 1% of all stalls)
75 stalls (3.9% of all stalls)
1,737 stalls (90.9% of all stalls)
20 stalls (< 1% of all stalls)
12 stalls (<1% of all
stalls)
1,826 stalls (80.3% of all stalls)
27 stalls (1.2% of all stalls)
2019*Total Stalls:
1,911
2018Total Stalls:
2,274
122 stalls (5.4% of all stalls)
15 Min 20 Min 30 Min 1 Hour 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours Auth.Vehicles
Gov. Vehicles
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2 stalls (< 1% of all stalls)
N/A
2 stalls (< 1% of all stalls)
N/A N/A
6 stalls (<1% of
all stalls)
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 5
Figures B1 - B6 (2019 and 2018 Parking Inventory Comparison) continued...
B2: Supply by Stall Type, 2019 vs. 2018
B3. 2 Hour Timestay Stall Supply by Type
2019 2018
All1,737 stalls
(90.9%)1,826 stalls
(80.3%)
Metered449 stalls (23.5%)
258 stalls (11.3%)
Signed232 stalls (12.1%)
280 stalls (12.3%)
Or By Permit1,056 stalls
(55.3%)1,288 stalls
(56.6%)
2019 2018
All 6 stalls (<1%)27 stalls (1.2%)
Metered6 stalls (<1%)
na
B4. 4 Hour Timestay Stall Supply by Type
B5. Zone G and Zone N Supply
2019 2018
Zone G 557 stalls 1,010 stalls
Zone N 499 278
* All of these parking types are exclusively signed; none use meters
**ADA stalls are designated at 2 Hour (1 metered stall), 4 Hour (2 metered stalls), and ADA specific (1 signed stall) time-stay spaces.
*** No Limit stalls are considered unrestricted and are not signed or metered.
^ Unknown stalls are stalls that cannot be verified due to construction.
2019 2018
No Limit***73 stalls (3.8%)
220 stalls (9.7%)
Unknown^ na33 stalls (1.5%)
B7. Specialized Vehicle Stall Supply
Signed Metered Or By Permit
0
300
600
1200
1500
900
280 12.3%
232 12.1%
258 11.3%
449 23.5%
1,289 57%
1,056 55.3%
2019 2018
2019 2018
15 Mins5 stalls (<1%)
na
20 Mins5 stalls (<1%)
na
30 Mins75 stalls (3.9%)
122 stalls (5.4%)
3 Hours5 stalls (<1%)
na
Authorized Vehicles
1 stall (<1%)
na
Gov. Vehicle2 stalls (<1%)
7 stalls (<1%)
ADA Accessible**
4 stalls (<1%)
5 stalls (<1%)
B6. Signed Stall Supply by Timestay or Use*
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 6
IV. Occupancy
Figure C identifies differences in hourly parking occupancies between the two study years. Figure D on the following page provides a block-face level “heat map” view of the peak hour (12:00 PM – 1:00 PM) for the entire sampled study area.
• The 2019 peak hour shifted to 12:00 PM versus 11:00 AM in 2018. • The 2019 peak hour occupancy was 88.6% as compared to 77.9% in 2018. This is a significant increase but
may be reflective of the dynamics of the reconfigured data collection zones.• 2019 occupancy levels are higher than 2018 occupancies in all 12 hours surveyed. The average hourly
increase is 10.6 percentage points.• As in 2018, overall use of the on-street supply declines in each hour after 1:00 PM.
Figure C: Weekday On-Street Occupancy by Hour, 2019 vs. 2018
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
7:00am 8:00am 9:00am 10:00am 11:00am 12:00pm 1:00pm 2:00pm 3:00pm 4:00pm 5:00pm 6:00pm
49.0%
88.4%
44.7%
77.0%
61.5%
85.7%
75.0% 76.8%
55.4%
73.9%
68.9% 70.1%
82.3%
73.3%73.6%
61.9%
86.5%
68.1%
77.9%
49.3%
88.6%
64.5%
77.6%
42.7%
A note on capacity: In 2019, there were 1,911 on-street parking stalls while in 2018 there were 2,274.
2019 2018
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 7
Figure D: 2019 On-Street Peak Hour Occupancy Heat Map
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 8
Use Type Stalls Peak Hours Peak Occupancy Stalls Available Average Stay* Violation Rate
Zone G557
1,01012:00–13:00 11:00–12:00
95.8% 86.1%
23 139
3:02 hours 4:35 hours
32.9% 32.9%
Zone N499 278
13:00–14:00 12:00–13:00
94.1% 88.6%
28 31
3:02 hours 4:20 hours
32.7% 36%
V. Utilization
Table 1 provides a breakout of key utilization metrics by stall type. These include peak hour, peak occupancy, empty stalls, average length of stay and violation rate. The table displays comparative results of the 2018 and 2019 studies.
Table 1: 2019 On-Street Parking Utilization by Time Stay (2018 Comparison)
2019 Data 2018 Data * Average length of stay is filtered to show non-permit users only (Authorized Vehicles, Government Vehicles, ADA accessible and No Limit exempt).
Stalls Peak Hours Peak Occupancy Stalls Available Average Stay* Violation Rate
1,911 2,274
12:00–13:00 11:00–12:00
88.6% 77.9%
211 491
2:32 hours 3:21 hours
24.8% 30.5%Sa
mpl
e
Use Type Stalls Peak Hours Peak Occupancy Stalls Available Average Stay* Violation Rate
2 Hours449 258
12:00–13:00 13:00–14:00
76.7% 61.6%
99 99
1:50 hours 1:51 hours
16.9% 16.3%
4 Hours6
namultiple
na100% na%
na na
4:00 hours na
33.3% na
Met
ered
OB
P(Z
ones
G &
N)
Use Type Stalls Peak Hours Peak Occupancy Stalls Available Average Stay* Violation Rate
Authorized Vehicles Only
1 na
13:00–15:00 na
100% na
na na
1:00 hour na
na na
Government Vehicles Only
2 7
12:00–13:00 9:00–12:00
100% 42.9%
na 4
1:45 hours 2:15 hours
na na
ADA Accessible4 5
multiple 10:00–11:00
75% 80%
1 1
2:34 hours 3:09 hours
na 28.6%
No Limit73
22012:00–13:00 11:00–12:00
97.3% 78.2%
2 48
5:20 hours 6:45 hours
na na
Spec
. Veh
icle
Sta
lls
and
No
Lim
it S
talls
Use Type Stalls Peak Hours Peak Occupancy Stalls Available Average Stay* Violation Rate
15 Minutes6
20multiple
12:00–13:00 33.3%
55%4 9
na na
na 8.5%
30 Minutes75
12213:00–14:00 11:00–12:00
80% 56.6%
15 53
na na
32.5% 28.9%
1 Hour2
12na
multiplena
83.3%2 2
na 2:05 hours
na 37.8%
2 Hours232 280
14:00–15:00 11:00-12:00
89.7% 81.5%
24 51
2:49 hours 2:59 hours
35.2% 40.5%
3 Hours5
na9:00–18:00
na100%
nana na
2:35 hours na
26.3% na
Sign
ed
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 9
Key findings include:
• Peak hour occupancies in 2019 for all stalls (88.6%) are up 10.7 percentage points compared with 2018 (77.9%).
• Overall violation rates are down by 5.7 percentage points to 24.8%. • The average length of stay for a user of a 2 Hour Metered stall is 1 hour and 50 minutes, with a violation rate
of 16.3%. The average length of stay for a 2 Hour Signed stalls is 2 hours and 49 minutes, with a violation rate of 35%. This is a pattern that is consistent with 2018 data findings for this stall type and illustrates a compliance efficiency inherent to metered stalls.
• The average length of stay for a user (without a permit) in a 2 Hour Or By Permit stall exceeds 3 hours, with violation rates of 33%.
• 2 Hours Or By Permit stalls (Zones G & N) have peak hour occupancy rates in excess of 94% (essentially fully maximized). This is higher than the average peak occupancy for the district (88.6%).
• Every unique stall type signed 2 Hours or greater has peak occupancies well in excess of 85%; an indicator of significant constraint. Only 15/30 Minute, ADA Accessible and 2 Hour metered stalls have peak occupancies under 85%.
Tables 2A & B provide a summary of key metrics by type of user (all, non-permit and permit) across a number of utilization metrics. Additional comparisons between the two study years are made on the following page, as appropriate.
Tables 2A & B: Other Characteristics of Use (2019 vs. 2018)
2019 Data 2018 Data
All Users Permit Users Non-Permit Users
Length of Stay 3:27 hours 4:18 hours
6:39 hours 8:22 hours
2:32 hours 3:21 hours
Vehicle Trips* 4,546 3,543
1,002 1,048
3,544 2,495
Turnover Rate 2.90 2.33
1.50 1.19
3.94 2.98
Vehicles Moving Between Stalls**
228 152
-- --
228 152
2A. Parking Behavior
* Vehicle Trips include only those observed during the 10-hour and 11-hour enforcement periods (8AM – 6PM for Signed and Metered stalls; 7AM – 6PM for OBP stalls). ** This is generally a sign of employees moving their car every few hours.
Permits in OBP stalls** (% of occupied OBP stalls)
670 (69.2%) 836
Permits in time-limited stalls60 72
Permits in other stalls (e.g., No Limit, Auth. Only, Govt. Only, ADA)
2 21
2B. Characteristics of Use by Permit Users at Peak Hour** Peak hour observations are based on 11:00 AM peak hour for permit use.
** Permits displayed incorrectly are included (e.g., Zone N permits displayed in Zone G or regular non-permit stalls)
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 10
Key findings include:
• In 2019, 4,546 vehicle trips were recorded. This is an increase of 1,003 vehicles (or 28%) as compared to 2018 (3,543). Of this total, 3,544 (78%) were non-permit trips (e.g., visitors). In 2018, 2,495 of 3,543 vehicles (70%) were non-permit vehicles. This growth in percentage indicates the increased presence of visitors in the district, especially given that the overall number of stalls surveyed was (363) less in 2019 versus 2018.
• There were 1,002 vehicles with permits observed parking in the on-street supply in 2019 within the surveyed data zone – a decrease of just 46 permits from the 1,048 observed in 2018.1 As with the increase in visitor trips, this is interesting given that the total number of “Or By Permit” stalls sampled decreased from 1,289 (2018) to 1,056 (2019); with use of permits staying very stable between the two years.
• 228 vehicles (not displaying a permit) were observed moving between stalls over the course of the study day. In 2018, 152 vehicles were observed. Said another way, 6.4% of cars parked are moving their vehicles around the parking district, possibly to avoid a citation, or possibly because they had business in another part of the CEID.
• The rate of stall turnover increased 24%, from 2.33 (2018) to 2.90 (2019). This is likely due to the significant increase in visitor vehicles observed in 2019 (variability of the sampled study area). The rate is still low by industry standards (5.0 is considered “efficient”), but not unexpected in an industrial area with a high number of employee permits in use.
Tables 3A-E summarize utilization metrics only for stalls that allow a 2 Hour time limit (Signed, Metered, and Or By Permit). These include peak occupancy, user group, vehicle trips, vehicle hours parked, average length of stay and turnover rate.
• Of all the 2 Hour stall types, only 2 Hour Metered stalls have an average time stay less than 2 hours (1 hour and 51 minutes) for non-permit users.
• 2 Hour Metered stalls turnover at 5.33. When permit users are taken out of the average, turnover in these stalls increases to 5.46. This is a favorable rate of turnover complementary of the industry standard for turnover in visitor areas (minimum target rate of 5.0).
• 2 Hour Metered stalls maintain peak occupancy of 76.7%; well within PBOT and TPAC’s target range for efficiency.
• 2 Hour Signed stalls are 89.7% occupied in the peak hour, with 203 vehicles parked. Of this total, 21 users are vehicles with permits (not allowed to park in these stalls). These stalls are highly constrained by industry standards and use by permit holders may be caused by the fact that Or By Permit stalls (in Zones G and N) are even more constrained (over 92%).
• 523 vehicles are parked at the peak hour in 2 Hour Or By Permit stalls (Zone G), a 95.8% occupancy. Of this total, 140 vehicles (27%) are Non-Permit Users (i.e., visitors). This indicates meaningful demand for access into these areas by visitors who are competing with permit users for space in this constrained stall type.
• 449 vehicles are parked at the peak hour in 2 Hour Or By Permit stalls (Zone N), a 94.1% occupancy. Of this total, 173 vehicles (39%) are Non-Permit Users (i.e., visitors), up from 26% in 2018. As in Zone G, high permit use (plus occupancies significantly over 85%) in these stalls may be in conflict with visitor needs.
Overall, utilization rates for 2019 show a continuing trend of constraint within the district. It appears vehicle trips to the district have increased, particularly in visitor trips. This has contributed to peak hour occupancies significantly in excess of the 85% occupancy target established for the district. Given the constraints, potential conflicts between visitors and employees competing for access to stalls is growing.
1 It should be noted 1,002 trips (with permits displayed) are simply those observed within the sampled study sample. This number will be statistically extrapolated to the entire OBP inventory during upcoming discussions of future permit allocations with the City and the TPAC.
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 11
User Group**
Peak Hour Users
Total Daily Vehicle
Trips
Vehicle Hours Parked
Average Stay
Turnover Rate
All 325 136
1,365 594
2,543 1,115
1 h 51 m 1 h 53 m
5.39 5.33
Non-Permit
300 118
1,286 585
2,355 1,081
1 h 50 m 1 h 51 m
5.46 5.41
Permit 25 18
79 9
179 34
2 h 16 m 3 h 47 m
4.41 2.65
3B. 2 Hours MeteredUse at Peak Occupancy* 2019: 449 (76.7%) 2018: 258 (52.7%)
User Group**
Peak Hour Users
Total Daily Vehicle Trips
Vehicle Hours Parked
Average Stay
Turnover Rate
All 203 225
634 625
1,851 1,899
2 h 55 m 3 h 2 m
3.43 3.29
Non-Permit
182 185
589 618
1,662 1,845
2 h 49 m 2 h 59 m
3.54 3.35
Permit 21 40
45 7
189 54
4 h 12 m 7 h 43 m
2.38 1.30
3C. 2 Hours SignedUse at Peak Occupancy* 2019: 232 (89.7%) 2018: 280 (81.5%)
User Group**
Peak Hour Users
Total Daily Vehicle Trips
Vehicle Hours Parked
Average Stay
Turnover Rate
All 523 863
1,011 1,253
5,171 7,718
5 h 7 m 6 h 10 m
1.96 1.62
Non-Permit
140 193
55 742
1,670 3,403
3 h 2 m 4 h 35 m
3.29 2.18
Permit 383 670
461 511
3,501 4,315
7 h 36 m 8 h 27 m
1.32 1.18
3D. 2 Hours Or By Permit Zone GUse at Peak Occupancy* 2019: 557 (95.8%) 2018: 1,010 (86.1%)
User Group**
Peak Hour Users
Total Daily Vehicle
Trips
Vehicle Hours Parked
Average Stay
Turnover Rate
All 449 237
977 389
4,405 2,179
4 h 31 m 5 h 36 m
2.22 1.79
Non-Permit
173 71
623 242
1,892 1,050
3 h 2 m 4 h 20 m
3.29 2.30
Permit 276 166
354 147
2,513 1,129
7 h 6 m 7 h 41 m
1.41 1.30
3E. 2 Hours Or By Permit Zone NUse at Peak Occupancy* 2019: 499 (94.1%) 2018: 278 (87.1%)
Table 3A-3E: 2 Hour On-Street Parking Utilization – Non-Permit vs. Permit User (2019 vs. 2018)
* Occupancies during the respective survey years’ peak hour. ** Number of permit users includes permits used incorrectly.
User Group**
Peak Hour Users
Total Daily Vehicle
Trips
Vehicle Hours Parked
Average Stay
Turnover Rate
All 1,500 1,461
3,987 2,861
13,961 12,911
3 h 30 m 4 h 31 m
2.86 2.22
Non-Permit
795 567
3,048 2,187
7,579 7,379
2 h 29 m 3 h 22 m
4.02 2.96
Permit 705 894
939 674
6,382 5,532
1 h 47 m 8 h 13 m
1.47 1.22
3A. All 2 Hours StallsUse at Peak Occupancy* 2019: 1,737 (89.4%) 2018: 1,826 (80.8%)
Table 3A represents the non-permit and permit utilization in all 2 hour time limit stalls. Tables 3B - 3E break utilization of 2 hour time limit stalls out by type of stall.
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 12
VI. Permit Activity
Table 4 illustrates permit activity by hour of day as well as shows the peak hours for each permit type (highlighted in gray).
• The peak hour for permit use occurs at 11:00 AM, when 732 permits are displayed in the surveyed supply. At this hour, a total of 1,603 vehicles are parked, with 723 permits displayed (or 45.7% all vehicles parked).
• In 2018, the peak hour was the same, and 53.6% of vehicles parked in the peak were displaying permits.
Table 4: Comparison of 2019 and 2018 Permit Use by Hour of Day and Type of Permit
ADA Accesible General Temporary Zone G Zone N Carshare Public Total
PermitsStalls
Occupied
% of stalls displaying
permit
7:00 AM 2 2
1 3
12 12
172 359
174 163
4 2
1 2
366 543
891 981
41.1% 55.4%
8:00 AM - 4
1 4
14 14
244 455
263 231
5 4
2 2
529 714
1,118 1,218
47.3% 58.6%
9:00 AM 1 5
2 7
15 19
318 554
314 290
10 7
4 6
664 888
1,364 1,516
48.7% 58.6%
10:00 AM 5 9
2 10
14 18
334 558
343 310
13 6
2 6
713 917
1,521 1,635
46.9% 56.1%
11:00 AM 6 8
4 9
14 19
342* 564
349 316
13 7
4 6
732*** 929
1,603 1,732
45.7% 53.6%
12:00 PM 5 9
2 6
16 18
329** 552
345 311
13 9
4 5
714 910
1,640 1,726
43.5% 52.7%
1:00 PM 5 9
5 5
15 20
321 543
335 298
15 9
5 4
701 888
1,644^ 1,714
42.6% 51.8%
2:00 PM 6 8
5 4
16 19
315 315
329 286
9 6
2 4
682 849
1,595 1,645
42.8% 51.6%
3:00 PM 5 7
4 8
11 19
272 469
298 249
7 8
3 4
600 764
1,434 1,559
41.8% 49.0%
4:00 PM 5 7
3 4
8 13
212 347
246 206
9 10
3 3
486 590
1,371 1,380
35.4% 42.8%
5:00 PM 6 4
3 4
9 12
133 215
138 128
8 6
- 2
297 371
1,275 1,099
23.3% 33.8%
6:00 PM 2 2
3 1
7 8
77 125
77 65
7 3
1 2
174 206
1,290 987
13.5% 20.9%
* Of the 342 Zone G permits displayed at 11:00 AM, 108 were used incorrectly.
** Of the 349 Zone N permits displayed at 11:00 AM, 171 were used incorrectly.
*** Of the 732 total permits displayed at 11:00 AM, 281 were used incorrectly (the sum of Zone G and N permits displayed incorrectly plus an additional two Temporary permits that were used incorrectly during the same hour)
^ While the highest number of occupied stalls was observed from 1:00 PM – 2:00 PM, nine stalls under construction during the previous hour became accessible, increasing the number of available spaces and decreasing the occupancy percentage.
Signed/Metered stall enforcement hours
Or By Permit stall enforcement hours
Overall peak permit use hour, with 732 permits displayed
Peak permit use hour for each permit type
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 13
Figure E provides an hourly breakout of displayed permits by permit type.
• Across all hours of the day both Zone G and Zone N permits are relatively constant in the percentages of permits observed, ranging from as little as 44% to as high as 51%. This is in contrast to 2018 results which showed nearly two-thirds of permits were Zone G, with only one-third came from Zone N. This anomaly may simply be the result of a shifted sample study area.
• Use of carshare “permits” increases as a percentage of all permits between 5:00 and 7:00 PM.• Temporary permits have a slightly higher percentage of the overall total both at 7:00 AM and at 6:00 PM.
Figure E: 2019 All Users - Hourly Observations
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
7:00am 8:00am 9:00am 10:00am 11:00am 12:00pm 1:00pm 2:00pm 3:00pm 4:00pm 5:00pm 6:00pm
Non-Permit Users Public Carshare Zone N Zone G Temporary General ADA Accessible
525
174
589
700
808871
926 943913
834
885
9781,116
263
314343 349 345 335 329
298
246
138
77172 244318 334 342 329 321 315 272
212133
77
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 14
Figure F illustrates the hourly distribution of all users (non-permit/permit) over the course of the survey day.
• There is a great deal of variability in the number of permits in use over the course of the day.• The bulk of users displaying permits were observed between the hours of 9:00 AM (664) and 3:00 PM (600);
in each case making up between 49% and 42% of all occupied stalls.• The number of non-permit users stays fairly consistent between 10:00 AM (808 vehicles) and 4:00 PM (885
vehicles), with a midday (1:00 PM) peak reaching 943 users. • Beginning at 5:00 PM, when the majority of permit users have left for the day, the number of non-permit
users (visitors) spikes, reaching nearly 1,000 at 5:00 PM and over 1,100 by 6:00 PM. This is further evidence that the district is in flux, particularly after standard work hours – likely due to an emerging food/bar scene.
Figure F: 2019 Central Eastside Permits Displayed
100
400
600
7:00am 8:00am 9:00am 10:00am 11:00am 12:00pm 1:00pm 2:00pm 3:00pm 4:00pm 5:00pm 6:00pm
Public Carshare Zone N Zone G Temporary General ADA Accessible
200
300
500
700
800
47.5%
49.7%
47.3%
48.1% 47.7% 48.3%47.8%
48.2%
49.7%
50.6%
46.5%
44.3%47.0%
46.1%
47.9%46.8% 46.7%
46.1% 45.8% 46.2%45.3%
43.6%
44.8%
44.3%
366
529
664
713732
714701
682
600
486
297
174
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 15
VII. Permit AllocationTable 5 provides an accounting of the number of permits the City allocates by zone. As the table indicates, 2019 allocations are defined by two Zones (G & N). In 2019, Zone G permits decreased 8% from 2018 levels; interestingly Zone N permits increased by 8%, which is in contrast to the intended attrition of these permits over time.
Table 6 illustrates the basis for estimating current number of stalls by use based upon the sample surveyed. The estimates are based on 2019 findings extrapolated to a larger CEID supply area totaling 6,925 stalls (row 1, column C).
As the table shows there are differences in the 2018 and 2019 sample sizes and the distribution of stalls types. The comparison between the two sample years (rows 1 – 5, columns A and D). Note the 2018 sample heavily skews toward Zone G (1,029 stalls) versus Zone N (278); the 2019 sample is much more balanced, 557 stall in Zone G and 499 stalls in Zone N.
The purpose of this assessment is to establish a measured breakout of the current supply, tracking where permit users are parking, by type of stall, and using that information to extrapolate the findings to the entire inventory. A complete inventory of the CEID parking district was conducted in early 2018, so the extrapolation of permit use to the entire area should be very accurate (Table 6B).
• There are a total of 3,855 stalls within the entire inventory of stalls where parking with a permit is allowed (Table 6a - the sum of rows 3 and 4, column C). This represents about 56% of all parking in the district. The remaining 3,070 stalls (44%) do not allow parking with a permit (row 5, column C), their purpose to exclusively serve visitor access.
• 2019 findings indicate there are 694 permits displayed in the sampled supply during the peak hour (Table 7 - row 4, column A). Of this total 383 are parked in Zone G and 276 in Zone N (rows 1 and 2, column A). These vehicles are parked in valid OBP stalls (where we want them to be).
• An additional 35 permits were observed in other stall types, where permits are not allowed (Table 7 - row 3, column A).
• When these 694 permits are extrapolated to the entire parking supply, there are 2,689 permits displayed during the peak hour on a “typical” day (Table 6b - row 4, column C). In 2018, 2,857 permits were displayed at the peak hour (Table 8 - row 4, column D).1
A CEID goal is to maintain occupancies in all stalls at 84%, as a means to ensure system efficiency and provide flexibility to accommodate seasonal demand variations and future growth.
1 Note rows 6 - 8, column C, extrapolate permit use for each permit zone and non-permit area.
Table 5: Permit Allocations Comparison (2019 vs. 2018)
* Number of permits issued as of 03/11/2019, the day of the data collection effort.
Zone G Zone N
Business 4,563 1,867
Resident 32 21
Sub-Total 4,595 (71%) 1,888 (29%)
2019 (Total Allocated Permits = 6,483)*
*Number of permits issued as of 03/15/2019, within 2 wks. of the data collection day.
Zone G Zone N
Business 4,969 1,726
Resident 32 26
Sub-Total 5,001 (74%) 1,752 (26%)
2018 (Total Allocated Permits = 6,753)*
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 16
Table 6: Extrapolated Analysis
ObservationA
2019 Sample Size
B
Percent of Sample
C Extrapolated Stalls in CES Parking District
D 2018 Sample Size (for comparison)
1. On-street stalls in all Central Eastside na na 6,925 6,925
2. On-street stalls surveyed (Sample Size) 1,911 100% 6,925 2,274
3. Stalls Signed 2 Hour OBP Zone G 557 29.1% 3,115 1,029
4. Stalls Signed 2 Hour OBP Zone N 499 26.1% 740 278
5. Stalls where permits are not valid (Stalls without an OBP designation)
782 40.9% 3,070 800
6A. Extrapolated Stall Analysis
ObservationA
2019 Sample Size
B
Percent of Sample
C Extrapolated Stalls in CES Parking District
D 2018 Sample Size (for comparison)
1. Permits in 2 Hour OBP Zone G - peak hour 383 68.8% 2,142 2,059
2. Permits in 2 Hour OBP Zone N - peak hour 276 55.3% 409 442
3. Stalls Signed 2 Hour OBP Zone G 35 4.5% 137 357
4. Stalls Signed 2 Hour OBP Zone N 694 na 2,689 2,857
6B. Extrapolated Permit Use Analysis
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 17
Table 7 summarizes the number of Zone G and N permits that would be allocated to support efforts to lower occupancies in 2 Hour OBP stalls from a current rate of 98% to 84%.
Key findings from table include:
• The actual “peak occupancy” rate is 98% if the 35 (137 extrapolated) current permits improperly using non-permitted stalls were to be directed to 2 Hour OBP stalls (row 2, column A.)
• Currently, 6,483 permits are allocated to businesses in Zones G and N (sum of rows 3 and 4, column A). The current allocation of permits to businesses is based on 70% FTE.
• Of this total, 4,563 (71%) are allocated to Zone G (row 3, column A). The remaining 1,867 (29%) are allocated to Zone N (row 4, column A).
• By comparison, in 2018, 4,969 permits were allocated to Zone G (rows 3 and 4, column B) and 1,726 permits to Zone N.
• Float for each zone is very high, ranging from 213% in Zone G to 456% in Zone N (rows 5 and 6, column A). • Based on current peak hour occupancies, 926 permits would need to be reduced from current allocations to
bring occupancies in OBP stalls to 84% (row 8, column A). • To support this finding, the City would need to limit (cap) the total number of permits allocated to 5,557 (row
9, column A). This would be about 500 less than was recommended in 2018 (row 9, column B).• If successful, it is estimated that 2,305 permits would be parked in the peak hour in 2020 (row 10, column A)
versus the 2,689 permits currently shown in the extrapolated model (row 7, column A).• The FTE allocation model would need to be reduced to 60% (row 11, column A) versus the current 70%
(rows 3 and 4, column A).
Observation A 2019
B 2018
1. Peak hour occupancy in 2 Hour OBP stalls (Zones G & N) 95% 86%
2. Peak hour demand in 2 Hour OBP stalls if 35 permits now using non-permit stalls are allocated to OBP stalls (137 permits extrapolated)
98% 94%
3. Zone G permits allocated and FTE allowance per business4,563
70% FTE4,969
70% FTE
4. Zone N permits allocated and FTE allowance per business1,867
70% FTE1,726
70% FTE
5. Zone G “float ” based on permits allocated / and extrapolated peak hour permits observed
213% (4,563/2,142)
229% (4,969/2,165)
6. Zone N “float” based on permits allocated / and extrapolated peak hour permits observed
456% (1,867/409)
383% (1,726/450)
7. Permits displayed in peak hour @ 98% occupancy (extrapolated) 2,689 3,021
8. Estimated permits to be reduced (from 6,483) as a strategy to lower peak occupancy in 2 Hour OBP stalls from 98% to 84%
926 695
9. RECOMMENDATION: Permit allocation for 2019 5,557 6,058
10. Estimated distribution of permits in use at 2 Hour OBP stalls during peak hour @ 84% occupancy
2,305 2,710
11. RECOMMENDATION: If 6,483 permits (@ 70% FTE) = 95% occupancy in peak hour, then 5,557 permits (@ 60% FTE) = 84% occupancy
0.60 0.63
Table 7: Observations of Permit Allocation
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 18
Table 8 below, illustrates the distribution of permits by zone based on the recommended cap total (5,500).
• If the City capped the number of allocated permits at 5,500 and distributed them based on current distribution percentages for Zone G (71%) and Zone N (29%), Zone G would be limited to 3,905 permits, Zone N to 1,595 permits.
Impact of Zone N Elimination on Permit AllocationIf and when Zone N is eliminated it will have an additional impact on permit distribution in Zone G stalls. Currently there is a 63-permit differential in the number of G Zone permits parking in N Zone stalls (108 Zone G are parked in N and 171 Zone N are parked in Zone G). When those additional permits are added into the Zone G 2 Hour OBP stalls; it raises the peak hour occupancy to 104% (versus 98% in the Table 8, Row 7 calculation. This increases the number of permits that need to be reduced to achieve an 84% occupancy level, from 926 to 1,247. To achieve this reduction (if Zone N is eliminated) will require an FTE level of 0.57.
Table 8: Allocation of Permits - Recommendation
ZONE Current Recommended (2019)
G 4,563 (71%) 3,905 (71%)
N 1,867 (29%) 1,595 (29%)
TOTAL 6,483* (100%) 5,500 (100%)
* Includes 58 (grandfathered) residential permits
2019 CEID On-Street Parking Assessment 19
VIII. Summary and Next Steps
Overall, hourly occupancies in the district have increased since the 2018 survey of the area, at an average of 10.6 percentage points. Some of this may be attributable to the different profile of sampled stalls in the study area – 2019 was more balanced between Zone G and Zone N stalls, whereas the 2018 study skewed toward Zone G by a 3:1 ratio. The use of Or By Permit (OBP) stalls remains highly constrained at levels significantly over 85%. Some adjustments in permit allocations are necessary to bring occupancy levels in OBP to stated goal levels of 84% - in the range of an FTE allocation of 0.60 versus the current 0.70. This will ensure an effective balance between permit use and visitor need.
It is clear more visitor trips are occurring in the Central Eastside throughout the workday, but particularly after 5:00 PM. It is anticipated this trend will continue, while adequate on-street parking capacity exists in the evening hours as employees head home, demand for that capacity is on the rise which may eventually trigger a need for greater parking management in the later hours (e.g., extended enforcement hours).
Violation rates decreased between 2018 and 2019, from 31% to 25%. Violation rates in metered stalls are the lowest of all stall types because of the compliance efficiency found in metered stalls. It appears that some reformatting will also need to be evaluated as 1 Hour stalls and No Limit stalls still remain in the district. No Limit stalls may aid in accommodating the 137 permits parked in stalls not designated for permit use.
Discussing the recommended parking permit allocations, expanded meter coverage, and opportunities to reformat stalls is the obvious next step after review of these findings with PBOT and the CEID-TPAC.