CENTRAL DOGMA: Replication Transcription Translation · ใช้ DNA template เป็น แม่แบบเพียงสายเดียว Promoter -> start point -> transcription

1

CENTRAL DOGMA Replication Transcription Translation

MsTanyaratana Dumkua

Biology Department Mahidolwittayanusorn School

DNA RNA PROTEIN

REPLICATION

TRANSCRIPTION

REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION

TRANSLATION 2

3

4

When do cells duplicate their genetic material

5

Hypothesis

6

Experiment Result amp Analysis

7 httppulpbitsnetwp-contentuploads201311Dna-Replication-Semiconservativejpg

one new strand combine

with one old strand

All nucleotide in new strand is a new 8

9

Bubble amp Replication fork

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

11

YouTube httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=2LnXpaVUG0Y 233 นาท httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=5qSrmeiWsuc 758 นาท httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=9kp9wiYMQUU 615 นาท httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=eSbzBiCUxo4 1501 นาท httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=7ffN4cN3kKA 554 นาท

1 Helicase

2 SSB

3 Gyrase Topoisomerase

4 Primase amp RNA primer

5 DNA pol I

6 DNA pol III

7 DNA ligase 13

14 httpss3amazonawscomclassconnection411flashcards6689411pngscreen_shot_2015-02-01_at_61201_pm-14B4760A75E7AC6143Apng

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=yqESR7E4b_8 (747 นาท)

15 httpimagesslideplayercom2699047slidesslide_14jpg


Helicase

17

Primase




21

All new strands are start at 5

-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22

Clip เรอง DNA Replication

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=yqESR7E4b_8

Clip เรอง DNA Replication (7 นาท chromosome packing -gt expression)

23

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=TNKWgcFPHqw (327 นาท)

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=G1AoVF3k9Hg (545 นาท)

การแสดงออกของยน เปนการทยนใด ๆ มการท าหนาท ไปจนถงกระบวนการสราง polypeptide

กระบวนการสราง polypeptide ม 2 กระบวนการหลกคอ - TRANSCRIPTION (การลอกรหส) - TRANSLATION (การแปลรหส การถอดรหส)

กระบวนการ transcription จดเปน gene expression เนองจากยนมการท าหนาท

24 httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=gG7uCskUOrA (241 นาท)

โครงสรางนส าคญอยางไร

มความแตกตางอะไรบาง

Gene เดยวกนใน eukaryote กบ

prokaryote ตวไหนท างานหนกกวา

25

lt10 ของ DNA เปน Gene

26

การลอกรหสจาก DNA เพอสงเคราะหสาย RNA RNA ทถกสงเคราะหหลก ๆ คอ r RNA mRNA และ t RNA RNA อน ๆ เชน sn RNA (spliceosome) RNAi (interfering RNA) 16S RNA (30S ribosome) ฯลฯ การสงเคราะห RNA จ าเปนตองม 1 DNA template 2 RNA polymerase 3 Nucleotides

27

บรเวณทจะ transcribe บน DNA template ประกอบดวย 3 สวน (region) หลกคอ

1 Promoter 2 (RNA) Coding region 3 Terminator

28

httpwwwnaturecomscitablenatedcontent19090pierce_13_7_large_2jpg

Transcription unit

Enhancer amp Silencer

30

ทศทางการสงเคราะห mRNA

Template

Promoter Terminator

httpiimgurcoma0Ylgpng 31

เกดใน nucleus ม 3 ขนตอน 1 initiation การเขาเกาะของ RNA polymerase ท promoter 2 elongation การสรางสาย RNA ใหยาวออกไปอยางตอเนอง 3 termination การเคลอนตวไปถง terminator point จนหลด

ออกไปของ RNA polymerase ไปจนสนสดการลอกรหส

32

33

INITIATION

Transcription factor (Tf) amp RNA polymerase

34

RNA polymerase จะมความจ าเพาะตอ promoter มนจะเขาจบกบ start point บน promoter เพอท าให DNA 2 สายแยกออกจากกนและสรางสาย RNA ขนโดยใช DNA template เปนแมแบบเพยงสายเดยว

Promoter -gt start point -gt transcription unit -gt terminator termination point

DNA of gene

35

httpwwwmuncabiologydesmidbrianBIOL2060BIOL2060-2323_20jpg httpweb2mendeluczaf_291_projekty2vseofiles261002png

Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36

RNA polymerase I + Transcription unit = rRNA

RNA polymerase II + Transcription unit = mRNA

RNA polymeraseIII + Transcription unit = tRNA

37

38

ELONGATION

39 httpwwwmuncabiologydesmidbrianBIOL2060BIOL2060-2121_09jpg

40

41

TERMINATION

42 httpmanagemeritnationnetappwebrootimgstudy_contentcontent_ck_imagesimagestranscriptionpng

43

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=WsofH466lqk

Clip เรอง Transcription (ความยาว 250 นาท)

ใน eukaryote เมอ transcription แลว mRNA ทไดนอกจากจะถก modified โดยการเตม 5rsquo-Cap และ 3rsquo- Poly (A) tail เชนเดยวกบใน prokaryote (บางชนด)แลวยงมกระบวนการตดสวนของ intron ออกอกกระบวนการหนงดวย

44

45 httpsaghuntfileswordpresscom200806polyatail1pngw=400amph=227

46 httporegonstateeduinstructionbi314fall11figure_07_16bjpg


Poly A tail

48

httpwwwmuncabiologydesmidbrianBIOL2060BIOL2060-2121_20jpg

49

50

EXON amp INTRON

rRNA + ribosomal protein = ribosome

mRNA + ribosome + aminoacyl tRNAs = translation

tRNA + amino acid = aminoacyl tRNA

51

ใน eukaryote มน าหนก 80S ประกอบดวย 2 subunits คอ small subunit หนก 40S และ large subunit หนก 60S

ใน prokaryote มน าหนก 70S ประกอบดวย 2 subunits คอ small subunit หนก 30S และ large subunit หนก 50S

52

tRNA

53

Aminoacyl adenosine monophosphate

Aminoacyl tRNA

54

กระบวนการแปลรหส หรอถอดรหสจาก mRNA ไปเปนสาย polypeptide Translation เกดขนไดเมอม mRNA aminoacyl tRNA ribosome และเปนกระบวนการทเกดใน cytoplasm

55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56

57 httpwwwthaibiotechinfoPicturemrnapng

58

59 httpwwwnobelprizeorgeducationalmedicinednaatranslationpicstranslation2gif

Initiation Elongation Termination

60

61

62

การน า peptide เขา ER

63

64 http13tellgefileswordpresscom201111rnatranslationjpeg

65

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Ikq9AcBcohA

Clip เรอง Protein Synthesis Animation Video

66

ท าไมตอง Polysome

5rsquo 3rsquo

start codon stop codon

start point terminator point

promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo

amino group ของ Met carboxylic group 67

68

DNA RNA PROTEIN

REPLICATION

TRANSCRIPTION

REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION

TRANSLATION 2

3

4


5

Hypothesis

6




with one old strand


9


1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

11


1 Helicase

2 SSB



5 DNA pol I

6 DNA pol III

7 DNA ligase 13





Helicase

17

Primase




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

3

4


5

Hypothesis

6




with one old strand


9


1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

11


1 Helicase

2 SSB



5 DNA pol I

6 DNA pol III

7 DNA ligase 13





Helicase

17

Primase




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

4


5

Hypothesis

6




with one old strand


9


1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

11


1 Helicase

2 SSB



5 DNA pol I

6 DNA pol III

7 DNA ligase 13





Helicase

17

Primase




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

5

Hypothesis

6




with one old strand


9


1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

11


1 Helicase

2 SSB



5 DNA pol I

6 DNA pol III

7 DNA ligase 13





Helicase

17

Primase




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

6




with one old strand


9


1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

11


1 Helicase

2 SSB



5 DNA pol I

6 DNA pol III

7 DNA ligase 13





Helicase

17

Primase




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68



with one old strand


9


1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

11


1 Helicase

2 SSB



5 DNA pol I

6 DNA pol III

7 DNA ligase 13





Helicase

17

Primase




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


with one old strand


9


1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

11


1 Helicase

2 SSB



5 DNA pol I

6 DNA pol III

7 DNA ligase 13





Helicase

17

Primase




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

9


1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

11


1 Helicase

2 SSB



5 DNA pol I

6 DNA pol III

7 DNA ligase 13





Helicase

17

Primase




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

11


1 Helicase

2 SSB



5 DNA pol I

6 DNA pol III

7 DNA ligase 13





Helicase

17

Primase




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

11


1 Helicase

2 SSB



5 DNA pol I

6 DNA pol III

7 DNA ligase 13





Helicase

17

Primase




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

1 Helicase

2 SSB



5 DNA pol I

6 DNA pol III

7 DNA ligase 13





Helicase

17

Primase




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68





Helicase

17

Primase




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68



Helicase

17

Primase




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


Helicase

17

Primase




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

17

Primase




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68




21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68



21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

21


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


-Leading strand

-Lagging strand

22




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68




23











25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68









25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68





25


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


26


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


27



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68



28


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


Transcription unit


30


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


Template

Promoter Terminator




32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68



32

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

33

INITIATION


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


34



DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


DNA of gene

35


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


Eukaryotic promoter

Bacterial promoter

36




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68




37

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

38

ELONGATION


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

40

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

41

TERMINATION


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

43




44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


44




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68




Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68



Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


Poly A tail

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

48


49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

49

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

50

EXON amp INTRON




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68




51



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68



52

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

tRNA

53


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


Aminoacyl tRNA

54


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


55

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

3 BASEs = 1 CODON

56


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

58



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68



60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

60

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

61

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

62


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


63


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68


65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

65



66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

66


5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

5rsquo 3rsquo



promoter terminator

5rsquo 3rsquo


68

68

Documents

CENTRAL DOGMA: Replication Transcription Translation · ใช้ DNA template เป็น แม่แบบเพียงสายเดียว Promoter -> start point -> transcription