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A Seminar Report On
‘CELL PHONE OPERATED ROBOT’
Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering
In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of
Third Year of Engineering
In
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
SUBMITTED BY:
CHIRAG VADGAMAJAYDIP ROLA
VAIBHAV KAPADIA
Under the Guidance of Prof. K. V. JOSHI
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering and Management, Wagholi, Pune
Academic Year 2011-12
G. H. RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT
WAGHOLI, PUNE
CERTIFICATE
This is certified that Mr Chirag Vadgama, Mr Jaydip Rola, Mr Vaibhav
Kapadia has successfully completed project work entitled “CELL PHONE
OPERATED ROBOT” in the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the
degree of THIRD YEAR OF ENGINEERING (ELECTRONICS AND
TELECOMMUNICATION) of Pune University.
The matter embodied in this project report is the record of the own independent
work carried out by them under my supervision and guidance. The matter embodied in
this report has not been submitted for any award of any Degree of Diploma.
PROF. KAVITA JOSHI PROF. P.N.MATTE DR D.D. SHAH
Project Guide H.O.D (E&TC) Principal
ABSTRACT
Conventionally, wireless controlled robots user circuits, which have a drawback of
limited working range, limited frequency range and limited control. Use of mobile phones for robotic
control can overcome these limitations. It provides the advantages of robust control, working range as
large as the coverage area of the service provider, no interference with other controllers and up to twelve
controls.
Although, the apperanceand capabilities of robot vary vastly, all robots share the feature
of a mechanical, movables structure under some form of control. The control of robot involves three
distant phases: perception, processing, action. Generally, the preceptors are sensors mounted on the
robot, processing is done by the on board microcontroller and the task is performed using motors or with
some other actuators.
In the project the robot is controlled by a mobile phone that makes a call to the mobile
phone attached to the robot. In the course of a call, if any button is pressed a tone corresponding to the
button pressed is heard at the other end called ‘Dual Tone Multiple frequency’ (DTMF) tone. The robot
receives these tones with help of phone stacked in the robot. The received tone is processed by the
microcontroller with the help of DTMF decoder IC HT 9170B .these IC sends a signals to the motor
driver ic l293d which derives the motor forward, turn left-right…etc.
INDEX
I List of Figures II
II List of Tables III
III Acknowledgement IV
1. Introduction 1
2. Literature Survey 3
3. System Development
3.1 Block Diagram 9
3.2 Circuit Diagrams 10
3.3 Circuit Description 12
3.4 PCB Layout 24
3.5 Flowchart For DC Motor Movement Through Microcontroller 25
. 3.6 Software Used 26
4. Result 27
5. Conclusion
5.1 Applications 30
5.2 Advantages 32
5.3 Disadvantages 32
5.4 Future Improvement & Futrue Scope 33
6. References 34
7. Datasheets 36
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 A DTMF Cell Phone Keypad 6
Figure 3.1 Block Diagram Of Cell Phone Operated Robot 9
Figure 3.2 Circuit Diagram Of Microcontroller 8051 Board 10
Figure 3.3 L293d DC Motor Driver IC Schematic 11
Figure 3.4 HT 9170B Decoder IC Schematic 11
Figure 3.5 Block Diagram Of Power Supply 12
Figure 3.6 Circuit Diagram Of LM 7805 Voltage Stabilizer 13
Figure 3.7 Connecting A Resonator Onto Microcontroller 14
Figure 3.8 Signal Of An Oscillator Clock 15
Figure 3.9 Block Diagram Of Microcontroller 17
Figure 3.10 Pin Diagram Of P89V51RD2FN 17
Figure 3.11 DTMF Decoder Chip (HT9170B) 20
Figure 3.12 Structure Of H-bridge 22
Figure 3.13 PCB Layout of Microcontroller Board 24
Figure 3.14 PCB Layout of L293d Motor Driver Circuit 24
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 DTMF Keypad Frequencies (With Sound Clips) 6
Table 2.2 DTMF Event Frequencies 6
Table 3.1 DTMF Selected Frequencies 21
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We feel profound pleasure in bringing out this projects report for which we have to go
from pillar to post to make it a reality. This project work reflects contributions of many people with
whom we had long discussions and without which it would not have been possible. We must first of all,
express our heartiest gratitude to respected Ms. Kavita Joshi of Dept of Electronics &
Telecommunication for providing us all required guidance to complete project.
It would be unfair if we do not mention the invaluable contribution and timely co-
operation extended to us by staff member of our department. And especially we can never forget the
most worthy advices given by Mr.Pravin matte (H.O.D., Dept of E & TC), that would help us the
entire lifetime.
Last but not the least we express our sincere thanks to the institute G.H.Raisoni
collage of engineering & management, Wagholi, Pune for providing such a platform for implementing
the ideas in our mind.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Radio control (often abbreviated to R/C or simply RC) is the use of radio signals to
remotely control a device. The term is used frequently to refer to the control of model vehicles from a
hand-held radio transmitter. Industrial, military, and scientific research organizations make [traffic] use
of radio-controlled vehicles as well.
A control vehicle is defined as any mobile device that is controlled by a means that does
not restrict its motion with an origin external to the device. This is often a radio control device, cable
between control and vehicle, or an infrared controller. A remote control vehicle (Also called as RCV)
differs from a robot in that the RCV is always controlled by a human and takes no positive action
autonomously.
One of the key technologies which underpin this field is that of remote vehicle control. It
is vital that a vehicle should be capable of proceeding accurately to a target area; maneuvering within
that area to fulfill its mission and returning equally accurately and safely to base.
Recently, Sony Ericsson released a remote control car that could be controlled by any
Bluetooth cell phone. Radio is the most popular because it does not require the vehicle to be limited by
the length of the cable or in a direct line of sight with the controller (as with the infrared set-up).
Bluetooth is still too expensive and short range to be commercially viable.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Use Of First Remote Control Vehicle – Precision Guided Weapon
This propeller-driven radio controlled boat, built by Nikola Tesla in 1898, is the original
prototype of all modern-day uninhabited aerial vehicles and precision guided weapons. In fact, all
remotely operated vehicles in air, land or sea. Powered by lead-acid batteries and an electric drive
motor, the vessel was designed to be maneuvered alongside a target using instructions received from a
wireless remote control transmitter. Once in position, a command would be sent to detonate an explosive
charge contained within the boat’s forward compartment. The weapon’s guidance system incorporated a
secure communications link between the pilot’s controller and the surface-running torpedo in an effort to
assure that control could be maintained even in the presence of electronic countermeasures. To learn
more about Tesla’s system for secure wireless communications and his pioneering implementation of
the electronic logic-gate circuit read ‘Nikola Tesla-Guided Weapons & Computer Technology’, Tesla
Presents Series Part 3, with commentary by Leland Anderson.
2.2 Use Of Remote Controlled Vehicles During World War II
During World War II in the European Theater the U.S. Air Force experimented with three
basic forms radio- control guided weapons. In each case, the weapon would be directed to its target by a
crew member on a control plane. The first weapon was essentially a standard bomb fitted with steering
controls. The next evolution involved the fitting of a bomb to a glider airframe, one version, the GB-4
having a TV camera to assist the controller with targeting. The third class of guided weapon was the
remote controlled B-17.
It’s known that Germany deployed a number of more advanced guided strike weapons
that saw combat before either the V-1 or V-2. They were the radio-controlled Herschel’s Hs 293A and
Ruhrstahl’s SD1400X, known as ’Fritz X,’ both air-launched, primarily against ships at sea.
2.3 Dual Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF)
Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling is used for telecommunication signaling
over analog telephone lines in the voice-frequency band between telephone handsets and other
communications devices and the switching center. The version of DTMF used for telephone tone dialing
is known by the trademarked term Touch-Tone (canceled March 13, 1984), and is standardized by ITU-
T Recommendation Q.23. It is also known in the UK as MF4. Other multi-frequency systems are used
for signaling internal to the telephone network.
As a method of in-band signaling, DTMF tones were also used by cable television
broadcasters to indicate the start and stop times of local commercial insertion points during station
breaks for the benefit of cable companies. Until better out-of-band signaling equipment was developed
in the 1990s, fast, unacknowledged, and loud DTMF tone sequences could be heard during the
commercial breaks of cable channels in the United States and elsewhere.
2.4 Cell Phone Keypad
The contemporary keypad is laid out in a 3x4 grid, although the original DTMF keypad had an
additional column for four now-defunct menu selector keys. When used to dial a telephone number,
pressing a single key will produce a pitch consisting of two simultaneous pure tone sinusoidal
frequencies. The row in which the key appears determines the low frequency, and the column
determines the high frequency. For example, pressing the ‘1’ key will result in a sound composed of
both a 697 and a 1209 hertz (Hz) tone. The original keypads had levers inside, so each button activated
two contacts. The multiple tones are the reason for calling the system multi frequency. These tones are
then decoded by the switching center to determine which key was pressed.
Figure 2.1 A DTMF Cell Phone Keypad
1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1477 Hz 1633 Hz
697 Hz 1 2 3 A
770 Hz 4 5 6 B
852 Hz 7 8 9 C
941 Hz * 0 # D
Table 2.1 DTMF Keypad Frequencies (With Sound Clips)
Event Low Freq. High Freq.
Busy Signal 480 Hz 620 Hz
Dial Tone 350 Hz 440 Hz
Ringback Tone(US) 440 Hz 480 Hz
Table 2.2 DTMF Event Frequencies
2.5 Tones #, *, A, B, C, & D
The engineers had envisioned phones being used to access computers, and surveyed a
number of companies to see what they would need for this role. This led to the addition of the number
sign (#, sometimes called ‘octothorpe’ in this context) and asterisk or ’star’ (*) keys as well as a group
of keys for menu selection: A, B, C and D. In the end, the lettered keys were dropped from most phones,
and it was many years before these keys became widely used for vertical service codes such as *67 in
the United States and Canada to suppress caller ID.
The U.S. military also used the letters, relabeled, in their now defunct Autovon phone
system. Here they were used before dialing the phone in order to give some calls priority, cutting in over
existing calls if need be. The idea was to allow important traffic to get through every time. The levels of
priority available were Flash Override (A), Flash (B), Immediate (C), and Priority (D), with Flash
Override being the highest priority.
CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
3.1 Block Diagram
Figure 3.1 Block Diagram Of Cell Phone Operated Robot
3.1.1 Description
As shown in the above block diagram, fi is the Cell Phone. So, it acts as a DTMF
generator with tone depending upon key pressed. DTMF Decoder, i.e., IC HT 9170B decodes the
Received tone & microcontroller. The controller appropriate output is given to Motor Driver IC
L293D which will drive the two DC Motors connected to it. The concept used for driving is
‘Differential Drive’. So, ultimately the two motors rotate according to the key pressed on the
keypad of the cellphone.
3.2 Circuit Diagram
Figure 3.2 Circuit Diagram Of Microcontroller 8051 Board
Figure 3.3 L293d DC Motor Driver IC Schematic
Figure 3.4 HT 9170B Decoder IC Schematic
3.3 Circuit Description
3.3.1 Power Supply
Generally speaking, the correct voltage supply is of utmost importance for the
proper functioning of the microcontroller system. For a proper function of any microcontroller, it
is necessary to provide a stable source of supply. According to technical specifications by the
manufacturer of 8051 microcontroller, the power supply voltage should move between 2.0V to
6.0V in all versions. A power supply can be broken down into a series of blocks (Figure 3.3),
each of which performs a particular function. For example a 5V regulated supply.
A power supply can be broken down into a series of blocks fig (3.5) , each of
which performs a particular function. For example a 5V regulated supply.
Figure 3.5 Block Diagram Of Power Supply
Each of the blocks performs the following:
• Transformer- steps down high voltage AC mains to low voltage AC.
• Rectifier - converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying.
• Smoothing - smoothes the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple.
• Regulator - eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage.
Power supplies made from these blocks are described below (Fig 3.6) with a
circuit diagram. The simplest solution to the source of supply is using the voltage stabilizer
LM7805 which gives stable +5V on its output.
Figure 3.6 Circuit Diagram Of LM 7805 Voltage Stabilizer
In order to function properly, or in order to have stable 5V at the output on pin 3,
input voltage on pin 1 of LM7805 should be between 7V through 24V. Depending on current
consumption of the device, the appropriate type of voltage stabilizer is LM7805.
3.3.2 Connecting The Reset Push Button
Reset is used for putting the microcontroller into a “known” condition. That
practically means that the microcontroller can behave rather inaccurately under certain
undesirable conditions. In order to continue its proper functioning it has to be reset, meaning all
registers would be placed in a starting position. Reset is not only used when the microcontroller
does not behave properly but can also be used when trying out a device as an interrupt in
program execution, or to get a microcontroller ready when loading a program. It is connected to
pin 9 of microcontroller.
3.3.3 Connecting To A Computer Via Max 232 Interface Chip
Serial Communication Interface is a special subsystem, it exists on most
microcontrollers. In order to connect a microcontroller to a serial port on a computer, the level of
the signals must be adjusted so that communication can take place.
The signal level on a computer is -10 V for logic zero, and +10V for logic one.
Since the signal level on the microcontroller is +5V for logic one and 0V for logic zero, an
intermediary stage is needed in order to convert the levels. One chip specially designed for this
task is MAX232. This chip receives signals from -10 to +10V and converts them into 0 and 5V.
3.3.4 Connecting Clock Generator-Oscillator
Oscillator circuit is used for providing the microcontroller with a clock. The clock
is needed so that microcontroller could execute a program or program instructions. Oscillator and
capacitors can be packed in joint case with three pins. Such element is called a ceramic resonator.
Figure 3.7 Connecting A Resonator Onto Microcontroller
In Fig. c, the center pin of the element is the ground, while the other two end pins
are connected with OSC1 and OSC2 pins on the microcontroller. When designing a device, the
rule is to place the oscillator near the microcontroller as much as possible in order to avoid any
interference on the lines on which the microcontroller is receiving the clock on.
Figure 3.8 Signal Of An Oscillator Clock
When the microcontroller is on, the oscillator starts oscillating. At first, the oscillation
has an unstable period and amplitude, but after some period of time it becomes stabilized. To
prevent such inaccurate clock from influencing microcontroller's performance, the
microcontroller must be kept in the reset state during stabilization of oscillator’s clock. Figure 3.8
shows a typical shape of a signal which microcontroller gets from the quartz oscillator.
3.3.5 Microcontroller Description
Any device that has a remote control almost certainly contains a microcontroller.
Basically, any device that interacts with its user has a microcontroller buried inside. A
microcontroller is a highly integrated chip that contains all the components comprising a
controller. Typically, this includes a CPU, RAM, some form of ROM, I/O ports, and timers.
Unlike a general-purpose computer, which also includes all of these components, a
microcontroller is designed for a very specific task – to control a particular system. As a result,
the parts can be simplified and reduced, which cuts down on production costs. Microcontrollers
are sometimes called embedded microcontrollers, which just mean that they are part of an
embedded system – that is, one part of a larger device or system.
3.3.5.1 Selection Criteria For Microcontroller
The P89V51RD2 are 80C51 microcontrollers with 64 kB flash and 1024 B of data
RAM.
A key feature of the P89V51RD2 is its X2 mode option. The design engineer can
choose to run the application with the conventional 80C51 clock rate (12 clocks
per machine cycle) or select the X2 mode (six clocks per machine cycle) to
achieve twice the throughput at the same clock frequency. Another way to benefit
from this feature is to keep the same performance by reducing the clock frequency
by half, thus dramatically reducing the EMI.
The flash program memory supports both parallel programming and in serial ISP.
Parallel programming mode offers gang-programming at high speed, reducing
programming costs and time to market. In-System programming allows a device
to be reprogrammed in the end product under software control. The capability to
field/update the application firmware makes a wide range of applications possible.
The P89V51RD2 is also capable of In-Application Programming, allowing the
flash program memory to be reconfigured even while the application is running.
Figure 3.9 Block Diagram Of Microcontroller
Figure 3.10 Pin Diagram Of P89V51RD2FN
3.3.5.2 Pin Description
The blue pins are ports (input/output). Since there are many extra functions in this
microcontroller, some pins can be used for several purposes. Some pins can be
used as inputs to an internal AD and some pins can be connected to an internal
counter etc.
The two green pins should be connected to a crystal to obtain an internal clock
signal.
The yellow ones are for power supply.
The red one is the reset input which will reset the circuit.
EA must be connected to VSS in order to enable the device to fetch code from the
external program memory. EA must be strapped to VDD for internal program
execution. The EA pin can tolerate a high voltage of 12 V.
ALE is the output signal for latching the low byte of the address during an access
to external memory. This pin is also the programming pulse input (PROG) for
flash programming. Normally the ALE[1] is emitted at a constant rate of 1⁄6 the
crystal frequency[2] and can be used for external timing and clocking. One ALE
pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory.
PSEN is the read strobe for external program memory. When the device is
executing from internal program memory, PSEN is inactive (HIGH). When the
device is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice
each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each
access to external data memory. A forced HIGH-to-LOW input transition on the
PSEN pin while the RST input is continually held HIGH for more than 10
machine cycles will cause the device to enter external host mode programming.
3.3.5.3 Features Of Microcontroller
80C51 CPU.
5 V operating voltage from 0 MHz to 40 MHz.
64 kB of on-chip flash user code memory with In-System Programming and In-
Application Programming.
Supports 12-clock (default) or 6-clock mode selection via software or In-System
Programming.
Serial Peripheral Interface and enhanced Universal Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter.
Programmable counter array with Pulse Width Modulator and capture/compare
functions.
Four 8-bit I/O ports with three high-current port 1 pins (16 mA each).
Three 16-bit timers/counters.
Programmable watchdog timer.
Eight interrupt sources with four priority levels.
Second DPTR register.
Low Electro-magnetic interference mode (ALE inhibit) TTL- and CMOS-
compatible logic levels.
3.3.6 DTMF Decoder
Because tuning band pass filters will most likely become a tedious and a time
consuming process, and because DTMF decoding is fairly common, a chip will be purchased to
perform these tasks. The HT9170 DTMF Receiver chip will fulfill this goal. It is designed
specifically for the eight frequencies associated with DTMF.
3.3.6.1 Features
Operating voltage: 2.5V~5.5V.
Minimal external components.
No external filter is required.
Low standby current (on power down mode).
Excellent performance.
3.58MHz crystal or ceramic resonator.
3.3.6.2 General Description
The HT9170 series are Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) receivers
integrated with digital decoder and band split filter functions. All types of the HT9170 series
use digital counting techniques to detect and decode all the 16 DTMF tone pairs into a 4-bit
code output. Highly accurate switched capacitor filters are employed to divide tone (DTMF)
signals into low and high group signals. A built-in dial tone rejection circuit is provided to
eliminate the need for pre-filtering. The HT9170B package type is an 18-pin DIP was used in
this project.
Figure 3.11 DTMF Decoder Chip (HT9170B)
The HT9170 series tone decoders consist of three band pass filters and two
digital decode circuits to convert a tone (DTMF) signal into digital code output. An
operational amplifier is built-in to adjust the input signal. The pre-filter is a circuit may filter
out the dialing tone of 350HZ to 400Hz signal and then uses the high-pass and low-pass filter.
The low group filter filters low group frequency signal output whereas the high group filter
filters high group frequency signal output.
Each filter output is followed by a zero-crossing detector with hysteresis.
When each signal’s amplitude at the output exceeds the specified level, it is transferred to full
swing logic signal.
When the HT9170 receives an effective tone (DTMF) signal, the DV pin goes
high and the tone code (DTMF) signal is transferred to its internal circuitry for decoding.
After setting, the OE pin goes high, the DTMF decoder will appear on pins D0~D3, an
interrupt is signaled to the microcontroller and places the decoded tone code in an internal
register for further processing.
Table 3.1 DTMF Selected Frequencies
Out of all we required 2, 4 & 6 digit only in programming.
3.3.7 Motor Driver
It is an electronic circuit which enables a voltage to be applied across a load in
either direction.
It allows a circuit full control over a standard electric DC motor. That is, with an
H-bridge, a microcontroller, logic chip, or remote control can electronically command the motor
to go forward, reverse, brake, and coast.
H-bridges are available as integrated circuits, or can be built from discrete
components.
A "double pole double throw" relay can generally achieve the same electrical
functionality as an H-bridge, but an H-bridge would be preferable where a smaller physical size is
needed, high speed switching, low driving voltage, or where the wearing out of mechanical parts
is undesirable.
The term "H-bridge" is derived from the typical graphical representation of such a
circuit, which is built with four switches, either solid-state (eg, L293/ L298) or mechanical (eg,
relays).
Figure 3.12 Structure Of H-bridge
To power the motor, you turn on two switches that are diagonally opposed.
The current provided by the MCU is of the order of 5mA and that required by a
motor is ~500mA. Hence,
motor can’t be controlled directly by MCU and we need an interface between the
MCU and the motor.
A Motor Driver IC like L293D or L298 is used for this purpose which has two H-
bridge drivers. Hence, each IC can drive two motors.
Note that a motor driver does not amplify the current; it only acts as a switch (An
H bridge is nothing but 4 switches).
Drivers are enabled in pairs, with drivers 1 and 2 being enabled by the Enable pin.
When an enable input is
high (logic 1 or +5V), the associated drivers are enabled and their outputs are
active and in phase with their inputs.
When the enable pin is low, the output is neither high nor low (disconnected),
irrespective of the input.
Direction of the motor is controlled by asserting one of the inputs to motor to be
high (logic 1) and the other to be low (logic 0).
To move the motor in opposite direction just interchange the logic applied to the
two inputs of the motors.
Asserting both inputs to logic high or logic low will stop the motor.
Resistance of our motors is about 26 ohms i.e. its short circuit current will be
around. 0.46 Amp which is below the maximum current limit.
It is always better to use high capacitance (~1000µF) in the output line of a motor
driver which acts as a small battery at times of current surges and hence improves battery life.
3.4 PCB Layout
Figure 3.13 PCB Layout of Microcontroller Board
Figure 3.14 PCB Layout of L293d Motor Driver Circuit
3.5 Flowchart For DC Motor Movement Through Microcontroller
3.6 Software Used
Keil Microvision
Flash Magic
Diptrace
CHAPTER 4
RESULT
4. Result
The design of the cell phone operated robot came out with the compact and user friendly
design the device has been made in such a way that it is easy to operate less complication in the circuitry
with the usage of cell phone keypad robot can movements in all the direction.
Updated technology has been used to modify and overcome previous defects of cell
phone operated robot in which user can directly burn the program code due to on circuit controller board
and can be upgraded with help of different technologies around.
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSIONS
5.1 Applications
5.1.1 Scientific
Remote control vehicles have various scientific uses including hazardous
environments, working in the deep ocean, and space exploration. The majority of the probes to
the other planets in our solar system have been remote control vehicles, although some of the
more recent ones were partially autonomous. The sophistication of these devices has fueled
greater debate on the need for manned spaceflight and exploration. The Voyager I spacecraft is
the first craft of any kind to leave the solar system. The martian explorers Spirit and Opportunity
have provided continuous data about the surface of Mars since January 3, 2004.
5.1.2 Military & Law Enforcement
Military usage of remotely controlled military vehicles dates back to the first half
of 20th century. Soviet Red Army used remotely controlled Teletanks during 1930s in the Winter
War and early stage of World War II. There were also remotely controlled cutters and
experimental remotely controlled planes in the Red Army.
Remote control vehicles are used in law enforcement and military engagements for
some of the same reasons. The exposures to hazards are mitigated to the person who operates the
vehicle from a location of relative safety. Remote controlled vehicles are used by many police
department bomb-squads to defuse or detonate explosives. See Dragon Runner, Military robot.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)have undergone a dramatic evolution in
capability in the past decade. Early UAV’s were capable of reconnaissance missions alone and
then only with a limited range. Current UAV’s can hover around possible targets until they are
positively identified before releasing their payload of weaponry. Backpack sized UAV’s will
provide ground troops with over the horizon surveillance capabilities
5.1.3 Search & Rescue
UAVs will likely play an increased role in search and rescue in the United States. This as
demonstrated by the successful use of UAV’s during the 2008 hurricanes that struck Louisiana
and Texas.
5.1.4 Recreation And Hobby
See Radio-controlled model. Small scale remote control vehicles have long been
popular among hobbyists. These remote controlled vehicles span a wide range in terms of price
and sophistication. There are many types of radio controlled vehicles. These include on-road cars,
off-road trucks, boats, airplanes, and even helicopters. The ‘robots’ now popular in television
shows such as Robot Wars, are a recent extension of this hobby (these vehicles do not meet the
classical definition of a robot; they are remotely controlled by a human). Radio-controlled
submarine also exists.
5.2 Advantages
Wireless control
Surveillance System.
Vehicle Navigation with use of 3G technology.
Takes in use of the mobile technology which is almost available everywhere.
This wireless device has no boundation of range and can be controlled as far as network of cell
phone.
5.3 Disadvantages
Cell phone bill.
Mobile batteries drain out early so charging problem.
Cost of project if Cell phone cost included.
Not flexible with all cell phones as only a particular, cell phone whose earpiece is attached can
only be used.
5.4 Further Improvements & Future Scope
5.4.1 IR Sensors
IR sensors can be used to automatically detect & avoid obstacles if the robot goes beyond
line of sight. This avoids damage to the vehicle if we are maneuvering it from a distant place.
5.4.2 Password Protection
Project can be modified in order to password protect the robot so that it can be operated
only if correct password is entered. Either cell phone should be password protected or necessary
modification should be made in the assembly language code. This introduces conditioned access
&increases security to a great extent.
5.4.3 Alarm Phone Dialer
By replacing DTMF Decoder IC HT 9170B by a ‘DTMF Transceiver IC’, DTMF tones
can be generated from the robot. So, a project called ‘Alarm Phone Dialer’ can be built which will
generate necessary alarms for something that is desired to be monitored (usually by triggering a
relay). For example, a high water alarm, low temperature alarm, opening of back window, garage
door, etc.
When the system is activated it will call a number of programmed numbers to let the user
know the alarm has been activated. This would be great to get alerts of alarm conditions from
home when user is at work.
5.4.4 Adding A Camera
If the current project is interfaced with a camera (e.g. a Webcam) robot can be driven
beyond line-of-sight & range becomes practically unlimited as GSM networks have a very large
range.
CHAPTER 6
REFRENCE
http://www.lookrs232.com/serial_port/index.html
http://www.lookrs232.com/rs232/history_rs232.html
http://www.aggsoft.com/rs232-pinout-cable/serial-port-interface.html
http://www.microcontroller51.blogspot.in/2011/08/gsm-modem-interfacing-with.html
http://www.instructables.com/id/Cellphone-operated-Robot/
http://www.instructables.com/id/Cellphone-operated-Robot/step2/Circuit-Description/
http://microcontroller8051projects.blogspot.in/
http://www.8051projects.info/
Schenker, L (1960), "Pushbutton Calling with a Two-Group
Voice-Frequency Code", The Bell system technical journal 39 (1): 235–255, ISSN 0005-8580
“DTMF Tester” , ‘Electronics For You’ Magazine , Edition (June 2003)
http://files.fliiby.com/download/
JTBETy1vaWolMTZDJTI1JUU4JUZCJTkzJTk2JTg0QSU5RSUwN3MlM0UlMDclRkYlREIlQ
TBOJTkzJTNCJTNFJUUzciUwNSVBNyVBOSUwMA==/578313/4dbrumy7zw.pdf
http://www.google.co.in/#hl=en&sclient=psy-ab&q=cell+phone+operated+robot
%5Bwith+ckt+diagram%5D+(.docx)&oq=cell+phone+operated+robot%5Bwith+ckt+diagram
%5D+
(.docx)&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_l=hp.3...284l27263l3l28545l31l28l3l0l0l0l377l7799l0j1j17j11l3
5l0.frgbld.&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&fp=a833f2d9cb26212e&biw=1280&bi
h=706
http://www.google.co.in/#hl=en&biw=1280&bih=706&sclient=psy-ab&q=cell%20phone
%20operated%20robot&oq=cell%20phone
%20opera&aq=1&aqi=g4&aql=&gs_l=hp.11.1.0l4.0l0l1l1119l0l0l0l0l0l0l0l0ll0l0.frgbld.&pbx=
1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&fp=a833f2d9cb26212e&pf=p&pdl=300
http://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/view/64509/HOLTEK/HT9170B/+4_WQ-
UELIy.lcKXEtENK+/datasheet.pdf
http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2.pdf
CHAPTER 7
DATASHEETS