CELL ORGANISATION IN ANIMAL

8/7/2019 CELL ORGANISATION IN ANIMAL

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WEDNESDAY ,9TH FEB. 2011

PAGE 26-28


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Describe cell organisation

in the formation of

tissues, organs and

systems in multicellular

organism


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TYPES OF ANIMAL

TISSUE

EPITHELIAL.

CONNECTIVEE

MUSCLE NERVE


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Epithelial tissue

consist of one ormore layers of cells


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Simple squamous

Epithelial tissue at

lining of the:

Lung

Body cavities

Heart

Blood vessels


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Simple cuboidal

Lining :

Kidney tubules

Glands

Ducts


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Simple columnar

Lining:

Small intestine


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Pseudo stratified

columnar

At the surface of

the skin

Lining of

oesophagus


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Is the most abundant tissue in body.

Is compose of cells called muscle fiber


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TYPES OFMUSCLE TISSUE

SKELETAL

MUSCLE

CARDIAC

MUSCLE

SMOOTH

MUSCLE


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in intestines

blood vessels

urinary tract

reproductive tract

Responsible for involuntary body activities

E.g. Peristaltic movement along digestivetract (contraction and relaxation)

Contract longer than skeletal

Move slowly


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In our arm and leg

Involved in voluntary movement

E.g. Eye movement They contract and relax to move

the bones


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In the wall of the heart

Function:To pump blood to all parts ofthe body

Contraction of cardiac musclesis involuntary


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Composed of neurons or nerve cells

Neurons consist of:

A cell body

Nerves fibers = Dendrites and axons

Functions:

1) Detect stimuli and transmit electricalsignals(Nerves impulses)

2) Control and coordinate activities of the

body


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Consist of various types of cells and fibres

separated by extracellular matrix.

6 types of connective tissues:

1. Loose Most widespread in the body

- Binds epithelia and hold organs

in place

2) Dense -large num. of collagenous fibres

-found in tendons (muscle & bones)

- found in ligaments (bones & bones)


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1. LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE 2. DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE


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3. CARTILAGE

Strong and flexible

Functions:

Provides support to

the nose, ears andcover joint ends of

the bones


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4. BONE TISSUE

Consist of cell

embedded in a matrix

of collagen ,hardened

by mineral deposit E.g. Calcium

Functions:

Provides protection to

organs Support body


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5. BLOOD CELLS

-RBC

-WBC

Produced in bone

marrow

Located at the ends

of long bones Functions:

Regulate,

transporting and

protective functions


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6. ADIPOSE TISSUE

Consist of tightlypacked cell thatstores fats

Can be found ondermis of the skinand around majororgan

Functions:

Act as an energyreserve

Provides insulationand protection


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Is formed by two or more

type of tissue working

together to performparticular function

E.g.

Heart,lung,kidney,pancreas


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Basically made from 2 layers:

The outermost layer

- epidermis

- consist of epithelial tissue

The middle layer

- Dermis

-Consist of connective tissue, nervetissue, and blood capillaries


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Functions:

Cover body

Act as barrier against infection,physical

trauma and water loss.


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Each system consists of several organs that

work together to perform a common function

There are 11 major functions in humans


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Major Role:The main role of theskeletal system is toprovide support for

the body, Protect delicate

internal organs and toprovide attachmentsites for the organs.

Major Organs:Bones, cartilage,tendons andligaments.


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Major Role:The main role of the muscular

system is to provide movement.

Muscles work in pairs to move

limbs and provide the organismwith mobility.

control the movement of

materials through some organs,

such as the stomach and

intestine, and the heart andcirculatory system.

Major Organs:Skeletal muscles and smooth

muscles throughout the body.


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Major Role:The main role of thecirculatory system isto transport

nutrients, gases(such as oxygen andCO2), hormones andwastes through the

body.Major Organs:

Heart, blood vesselsand blood.


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Major Role:The main role of thenervous system is torelay electrical signalsthrough the body.

Directs behaviour andmovement and, alongwith the endocrinesystem, controlsphysiological processessuch as digestion,

circulation, etc. Major Organs:

Brain, spinal cord andperipheral nerves.


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Major Role:The main role of therespiratory system is toprovide gas exchangebetween the blood and

theenvironment. Primarily,oxygen is absorbed fromthe atmosphere into thebody and carbondioxide is expelled from

the body. Major Organs:

Nose, trachea andlungs.


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Major Role:The main role of thedigestive system isto breakdown and

absorb nutrientsthat are necessaryfor growth andmaintenance.

Major Organs:Mouth, esophagus,stomach, small andlarge intestines.


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Major role:The main role of theexcretory system isto filter out cellular

wastes, toxins andexcess water ornutrients from thecirculatory system

Major Organs:Kidneys, ureters,bladder andurethra.


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Major Role:The main role of theendocrine system is to relaychemical messages throughthe body. In conjunctionwith the nervous system,these chemical messageshelp control physiologicalprocesses such as nutrientabsorption, growth, etc

Major Organs:Many glands exist in thebody that secrete endocrinehormones. Among these arethe hypothalamus, pituitary,thyroid, pancreas and

adrenal glands


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Major Role:The main role of the reproductivesystem is to manufacture cells thatallow reproduction. In the male,

sperm are created to inseminate egg

cells produced in the female.

Female (top): ovaries, oviducts,uterus, vagina and mammary

glands.Male (bottom): testes, seminal

vesicles and penis.


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Major Role:The main role of the immune

system is to destroy and

remove invading microbes

and viruses from the body.

The lymphatic system also

removes fat and excess

fluids from the blood.

Major Organs:Lymph, lymph nodes and

vessels, white blood cells, T-

and B- cells.

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CELL ORGANISATION IN ANIMAL