Cell Cell DivisionDivision

MitosisMitosis

ChromosomesChromosomes EukaryotesEukaryotes Found in the Found in the

nucleusnucleus Contain most of Contain most of

the genesthe genes Made up of two Made up of two

sister sister chromatids, chromatids, joined by a joined by a centromerecentromere

ProkaryotesProkaryotes Found in the Found in the

cytoplasmcytoplasm Contains most of Contains most of

the genesthe genes Made up of a Made up of a

circular single circular single strandstrand

Plasmid contains Plasmid contains additional genesadditional genes

Cell CycleCell Cycle InterphaseInterphase

MitosisMitosisProphaseProphaseMetaphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseTelophase

G0

InterphaseInterphase

Synthesis of Synthesis of organelles organelles necessary for necessary for cell division cell division (centrioles)(centrioles)

Chromosomes Chromosomes replicatereplicate

Growth and Growth and developmentdevelopment

G2(Gap 2)G2(Gap 2)S(synthesiS(synthesis)s)

G1(Gap 1)G1(Gap 1)

ProphaseProphaseChromosomes condense, Chromosomes condense,

become visiblebecome visibleMitotic spindles begin to form in Mitotic spindles begin to form in

the cytoplasm (microtubules)the cytoplasm (microtubules)Nuclear membrane and Nuclear membrane and

nucleolus break downnucleolus break down

ProphaseProphaseChromosomes attach to the Chromosomes attach to the

spindle fibers at the spindle fibers at the centromeres.centromeres.

Chromosomes start to move Chromosomes start to move towards the center of the cell.towards the center of the cell.

MetaphaseMetaphaseChromosomes are lined up in the Chromosomes are lined up in the

middle of the cell.middle of the cell. Imaginary line is called the Imaginary line is called the

metaphase plate.metaphase plate.

AnaphaseAnaphaseCentromeres divideCentromeres divideSister chromatids are pulled Sister chromatids are pulled

apart to opposite ends of the apart to opposite ends of the cell.cell.

Each pole of the cell now Each pole of the cell now contains identical copies of contains identical copies of chromosomes.chromosomes.

TelophaseTelophase Nuclear envelopes form around each Nuclear envelopes form around each

set of chromosomesset of chromosomes Chromosomes uncoil.Chromosomes uncoil. Cytokinesis - equal distribution of the Cytokinesis - equal distribution of the

cytoplasm between the two daughter cytoplasm between the two daughter cells.cells.

1 - prophase2 - metaphase3 - anaphase4 - telophase5 - interphase (cell is not in mitosis)

End result of MitosisTwo identical daughter cells

Diploid = 2n

Diploid = 2n