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CEE 437 Lecture 1
October 1, 2002
Thomas Doe
Outline
• Course Introduction
• Geology and Engineers
• Brief History of Geology
• Global Structure
• Plate Tectonics
• The Rock Cycle
TopicCourse Introduction, Earth Structure and CompositionMinerals, Rock Cycle, LabSedimentary Rocks, Stratigraphy, Geologic TimeIgneous and Metamorphic Rocks, LabGeologic Maps and StereonetsStructural GeologyField Trip #1, Seattle GeologyPhysical Properties of Rocks and SoilsRock Mass Classification IndicesFracture Characterisation and Fractured Rock Analysis
Rocks Slope and TunnelsMid TermField Trip #2, CascadiaSite Characterization, Borehole Characterization and GeophysicsLandslides and SubsidenceEarthquakes and SeismologyEngineering Geology in Washington StateGlacial GeologyThanksgivingField Trip #3: Glacial GeologyHydrogeology I — PrinciplesHydrogeology II — Site CharacterizationFinal Exam
Geology — Brief History
• Origins in late 18th and early 19th Centuries
• Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism– Age of Earth– Uniformity of Processes
• Plate Tectonics Revolution (1950’s to 1980’s)
• Neo-Catastrophism
Siccar Point Unconformity
Smith’s Map of England
Engineering and Geology
• William Smith and the English geological map
• Karl Terzaghi and insights to the distribution of earth materials
• Earth heterogeneity!!!!
Global Structure
• Based mainly on seismic information and meteorite compositions
• Crust ~25-75 km depending varyin under continents and oceans
Global Structure
Velocity Variation with Depth
Development of Plate Tectonics
• Evidence from ocean floor magnetism and ages
• Evidence from seismicity
• Evidence from cross-continent correlations of rocks
Global Seismicity
Benioff Zone
Sea-floor Spreading
• Mantle convection driven
Seafloor Spreading — Sediment Ages
Evolution of Spreading Sea Floor — Atlantic Analog
Convergent Margins
• Ocean to Continent
• Continent to Continent
Convergent Margin
Rock Cycle
Convergent Margin — Subduction Zone
Major Crustal Plates
Evolution of Continents — North American Craton
North American Accretion