CC20B T9 Respiration

8/22/2019 CC20B T9 Respiration

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CC30B Copyright Pinnacle Learning Centre

Respiration

BIOLOGY

9


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RespirationThe chemical reactions thatbreak down nutrientmolecules in living cells to

release energy


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Why cells

needEnergy ?


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Cells needenergy for,Contracting muscles to move the body.

Making proteins using amino acids.

Repairing damaged tissues andgrowing body.

Transporting substances active.

Transmitting nerve impulses in thebody.Producing heat in the body to keep the

body temperature constant.


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Respiration

Aerobic Anaerobic

The release of a

relatively highenergy in cells bythe breakdown offood substances in

the presence of

The release of a

relatively low energyin cells by the

breakdown of foodsubstances in theabsence of oxygen


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ucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Wat

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O

Aerobicrespiration

AerobicrespirationGlucose Lactic acid

C6H12O6 2C3H6O3

Glucose Alcohol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2


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Yeast


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Brewing(Fermenting)Yeast is dissolved in a warm liquidcontaining the sugar maltose. Maltosecomes from germinating barley seeds.

Yeast respiresanaerobically.Breaks down the

maltose and makesalcohol + CO2CO2 makes the

beer fizzy.



BreadmakingFlour is mixed with water to makedough. Flour contains starch.

When the flour is moistened, it is

breaks down to sugar maltose.

Yeast is added to thedough and breaksdown the sugar.

Yeast respiresaerobically first,

makes CO2 and get



Aerobic AnaerobicUses oxygen Doesnt use oxygen

No lactic acid / alcoholmade

Alcohol (yeast & plants)or lactic acid (animals)

made

Large amount of

energy release

Less amount of energy

released

CO2 made by yeast,plants and animals

CO2 made by yeastand plants



Gas

exchangein humans



Gas exchangesurfaces are,Permeable, thin, allowed gases todiffuse across.Close to an efficient transport system.

Kept moist to stop cells dying.

Large, then lots of gas can diffuse.

Good at supplying oxygen brought bybreathing movements.



ribs

pleural

fluidpleural

membra

ne

alveoli

(air

trachea

bronchus

Humanlungs

bronchiole


14/34CC30B Copyright Pinnacle Learning Centrehard

turbinalbones

Humannose

goblet

cell

nucleu

s

mucuscilia

soft

nostril



Humantrachea

larynx

trache

a

bronchus



Alveoli



white blood cellwhich destroysbacteria

cell in wallofalveolus

cell in wall ofca illar

air space in

alveolusred blood

Bloodplasma

white bloodcellin bloodcapillary

elasticfibres

Alveolus



Gas exchange in thealveolus

wall ofcapillary

wall of

alveolus

Moistsurface

CO2

diffusesout ofblood

O2 diffusesin to blood



Breathing

movements



intercostalmuscles

intercostalmuscles

The ribcage



Inspiration &expiration

Inspirati Expirati



Inspiration &expiration



RespirationGas

exchange Breathing

A series ofchemicalreactions

happens insidecells

Food brakesdown to release

energy

The exchangeof gas across

a respiratorysurface

Exchange gas

by diffusion

Happensduring

Photosynthesi

Muscularmovements of

supplying

oxygen torespiratory

surface



Inspired air Expired air Reason

Oxygen 21% Oxygen 16%Diffuses to

blood

Carbon dioxide0.04%

Carbon dioxide4%

Diffuses fromblood

Water content

is variable

Water content

is always high

Some of cellmoisture

evaporates

Temperature isvariable

Temperature isalways high

Warmed whenpasses through



Anaerobicrespiration

The release of a relatively low energyin cells by the breakdown of food

substances in the absence of oxygen



Glucose Lactic acid + ener

C6H12O6 2C3H6O3

Oxygendebt

Lactic acid then brakes down in the liver bycombining with oxygen.

When lack of oxygen, glucose breaks downin to lactic acid and release energy.

Because of lactic acid or CO2 in blood, bloodpH falls, then brain stimulates faster

breathing.


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hotosynthesi

The fundamental process bywhich plants manufacturecarbohydrates from raw

materials using energy from


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CC30B Copyright Pinnacle Learning CentreChloropl


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Chloroplast

Chlorophyll

CO2H2O

C6H12O6


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Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygensunlight

chlorophyll

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6

+ 6O2

sunlight

chlorophyll


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Respiration

The chemical reactions thatbreak down nutrient moleculesin living cells to release energy


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Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide +Water

+ energy

C6H12O6 + 6O2

6CO2 + 6H2O


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6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6

+ 6O2

tosynthesis & Respirat
http://www.biomanbio.com/GamesandLabs/PhotoRespgames/phorespgame.htmlhttp://www.biomanbio.com/GamesandLabs/PhotoRespgames/phorespgame.html

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CC20B T9 Respiration