CBS Technical Conference 2018 - meetings.wmo.intmeetings.wmo.int/...TECO-2018-Doc-6(1)-OPAG-IOS-Chair-Report-Draft… · Web viewRadio Frequency Coordination and the agreed WMO

World Meteorological OrganizationCommission for Basic SystemsTechnical Conference Geneva, Switzerland, 26 - 29 January, 2018

CBS TECO 2018/Doc. 6.1(1)Submitted by:

A. Rea26.Jan.2018

DRAFT 1

REPORT BY THE CHAIR OF THE OPEN PROGRAMME AREA ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS

(Submitted by Anthony Rea (Australia, Chair, OPAG-IOS))

SUMMARY AND PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT

The document provides for the report of the Chair of the Open Programme Area Group on Integrated Observing Systems, with information on critical issues and draft recommendations to the Executive Council and Congress for the CBS Management Group to consider with feedback of the Commission experts.

ACTION PROPOSED

The Conference is invited to advise CBS Management Group on the issues identified in this document, and in particular:

1. Issue 6(1)/1 - Members contributions toward implementing actions of the Implementation Plan for the Evolution of Global Observing Systems (EGOS-IP), pending adopted of future WIGOS Implementation Plan (WIGOS-IP)

2. Issue 6(1)/3 - Review of Implementation Plans of WIGOS Component Observing Systems3. Issue 6(1)/6 - Impact assessment for observing system design and evolution4. Issue 6(1)/7 - Strengthening collaboration with CGMS regarding Risk Assessment and

Gap Analysis5. Issue 6(1)/10 - Sustained funding of the VLab Technical support officer6. Issue 6(1)/12(1) - Utilizing the correct Geoide7. Issue 6(1)/12(2) - Traceability to Standards and access to Calibration Facilities8. Issue 6(1)/12(3) - Access to Lightning Observations Expertise9. Issue 6(1)/12(4) - Member Provision of High-resolution Radiosonde Data in BUFR10. Issue 6(1)/12.xxx - Reducing the number of Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS)

classifications11. Issue 6(1)/13 - Lack of resources to conduct a more detailed analysis of observational

requirements and to develop a detailed SoG for the Climate Science Application Area.____________

Appendices: 1. Proposed list of Science Questions Requiring NWP Impact Assessments for Observing System Design and Evolutions

CBS TECO 2018/Doc. 6.1(1), DRAFT 1, p. 2

DISCUSSION

INTRODUCTIONSince the sixteenth Session of the Commission for Basic Systems (November 2016), the OPAG IOS and its Implementation Coordination Team on Integrated Observing Systems (ICT-IOS) has been addressing the following issues for which experts feedback is needed through this Technical Conference.

1. WIGOS Vision 2040, and future WIGOS Implementation Plan (see document 6(2));2. Implementation of actions of the Implementation Plan for the Evolution of Global

Observing Systems (EGOS-IP);3. Review of various Implementation Plans;4. Updating WIGOS Regulatory Material, including Regional Basic Observing Network

(RBON) (see document 6(3));5. OSCAR, including observational user requirements, and management of WIGOS

Observing Station Metadata;6. Science questions related to observing system impact studies and organisation of the

next workshop;7. Strengthening collaboration with CGMS regarding Risk Assessment and Gap Analysis;8. Radio Frequency Coordination and the agreed WMO position going into WRC-19;9. Collaboration with IATA regarding Aircraft-Based Observations (see document 6(4));10. Recommendations on assessing the uptake and utilization of observational products

by members;11. Res 40 and data availability issue and Global exchange of data in support of NWP

(see document 6(5));12. Other surface-based observing systems issues.

The Technical Conference, while not deciding on the above issues, is invited to provide advice to the CBS President and the CBS Management Group. Proposed draft recommendations to be eventually submitted to the 70th Executive Council (EC-70) in mid-2018 or the 18th World Meteorological Congress (Cg-18) in 2019 will be submitted to the CBS Management Group, which will consider the feedback from the CBS TECO, and possibly update them before submitting them.

ISSUES AND ADVICE ON HOW TO ADDRESS THEM

1. WIGOS Vision 2040Significant efforts have been made within WIGOS to develop a WIGOS Vision for 2040. The goal is to have the Vision approved by 18th Congress in 2019, together with a plan for developing the new Implementation Plan for the evolution of WIGOS Component Observing Systems (WIGOS-IP) responding to the Vision.See document 6(2) – WIGOS Vision 2040 – for details.

2. Implementation of actions of the Implementation Plan for the Evolution of Global Observing Systems (EGOS-IP)

The Implementation Plan for the Evolution of Global Observing Systems (EGOS-IP), responding to the Vision for the Global Observing System in 2025, was adopted by the Executive Council at its sixty-fifth Session through Resolution 10 (EC-65). The Plan is an important component of the transition to WIGOS addressing the need to evolve in response to changing requirements for observations and new technological capabilities. The EGOS-IP contains activities to be implemented during the period 2012 to 2025 for maintaining and developing all WMO


component observing systems. These systems have a collective identity as the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS). WMO observing systems also make major contributions to co-sponsored observing programmes (GCOS1, GOOS2), the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) and to the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS). There are 115 Actions in the EGOS-IP, many of which depend on implementation by Members. The Seventeenth World Meteorological Congress (Cg-17, Geneva, Switzerland, 24 May – 1 12 June 2015) requested Members, in collaboration with partner organizations, and identified agents in the EGOS-IP, to address all Actions listed in the Plan in order to address the identified observational gaps with regard to the observational user requirements of the WMO Application Areas. Congress further requested Members who had not yet nominated their National Focal Points for the monitoring of progress on the actions listed in the EGOS-IP to do so. It requested CBS to find ways of improving the engagement of Members and Regions in completing the EGOS-IP actions and urged Members to mobilize resources to drive these activities forward.CBS Management Group is invited to address the following issue and decide and recommend as follows:

Issue 6(1)/2 Members contributions toward implementing actions of the Implementation Plan for the Evolution of Global Observing Systems (EGOS-IP), pending adopted of future WIGOS Implementation Plan (WIGOS-IP)

References 1. Resolution 10 (EC-65) – adopting the EGOS-IP2. ICT-IOS-10 final report (Geneva, 5-8 February 2018)3. IPET-OSDE-3 final report (Geneva, 29 January – 1 February 2018)

Background By monitoring status of Action of the EGOS-IP, some actions are showing slow or limited progress.

Rationale for the proposed advice

Need to communicate to the Permanent Representatives of WMO Members on why we have the EGOS-IP, and what are the benefits. The goal was to facilitate implementation of EGOS-IP Actions by Members by raising awareness and commitment of the Permanent Representatives in this regard.

Pending development and adoption of the future WIGOS IP, which will be responding to the WIGOS Vision 2040, there is a need to assure appropriate evolution of global observing systems in order for WMO to be able to address critical gaps of Application Areas.

Advice for CBS-MG

What By whom DeadlineTo confirm its concurrence with the proposed EC-70 Recommendation, and adjust it as needed, in particular with consideration of CBS TECO 2018 feedback

CBS-MG Mar. 2018

Advice on recommendations to EC and Congress

What To whom (e.g. EC-70, Cg-18, …)

Time frame

Executive Council to Recommend to Congress to request Members and identified implementing agents to take steps to better address implementation of some specific EGOS-IP Actions (see list below).

EC-70,Cg-18

Jun. 2018,2019

KEY EGOS-IP ACTIONS FOR MEMBERS

1 WMO-IOC-UNEP-ICSU Global Climate Observing System2 IOC-WMO-UNEP-ICSU Global Ocean Observing System


Note: These are the key actions, on which we encourage initial focus and feedback. It should be noted however, that the remaining actions are also important and need to be addressed by the identified actors in the EGOS-IP.

ActionNo.

Action Performance indicator

C3 WIS Standards – Ensure all operators producing observations adhere to the WIS standards.

Extent to which WIS standards are applied.

C4 Users consultation – Careful preparation is required before introducing new (or changing existing) observing systems. The impact needs to be assessed through prior and ongoing consultation with data users and the wider user community. Also, data users need to be provided with guidance on data reception/acquisition, processing and analysis infrastructure, the provision of proxy data, and the provision of education and training programmes.

Extent to which user community concerns are captured.

C7 “Change management” procedures – Ensure time continuity and overlap of key components of the observing system and their data records, in accordance with user requirements, through appropriate change-management procedures.

Continuity and consistency of data records.

C8 Data sharing principles – For WMO and co-sponsored observing systems, ensure continued adherence to WMO data sharing principles irrespective of origin of data, including data provided by commercial entities.

Continued availability of all essential observational data to all WMO members.

C12 Radio frequencies – Ensure a continuous monitoring of the radio frequencies which are needed for the different components of WIGOS, in order to make sure they are available and have the required level of protection.

Observation frequency bands available/not available with required level of protection.

G2 Hourly data exchange – Ensure, as far as possible, a global exchange of hourly data which are used in global applications, optimized to balance user requirements against technical and financial limitations.

The standard monitoring indicators used in global NWP.

G4 WIGOS Standards – Ensure exchange of observations from atmosphere, ocean, terrestrial observing system, according to the WIGOS standards. If needed, organize different levels of pre-processed observations in order to satisfy different user requirements.

Statistics on the data made available to each application.

G7 Radiosondes in data-sparse areas – Expand radiosonde stations, or re-activate silent radiosonde stations, in the data sparse areas of Regions I, II and III which have the poorest data coverage. Make all possible effort to avoid closing of existing stations in these data sparse areas, where even a very small number of radiosonde stations can provide an essential benefit to all the users.

The standard monitoring indicators used in NWP

G13 Radiosonde data availability – Identify radiosonde stations that make regular measurements (including radiosondes operated during campaigns only), but for which data are not transmitted in real-time. Take actions to make data available.

A number of the above radiosonde stations providing data to GTS, plus standard monitoring indicators on radiosonde data availability and timeliness.


ActionNo.

Action Performance indicator

G14 HR Radiosonde data – Ensure a timely distribution of radiosonde measurements at high vertical resolution, together with position and time information for each datum, and other associated metadata.

Number of radiosonde sites providing the high resolution profiles.

G17 Regional remote sensing profiling stations – Develop networks of remote-sensing profiling stations on the regional scale in order to complement the radiosonde and aircraft observing systems, mainly on the basis of regional, national and local user requirements (although part of the measured data will be used globally).

A number of profiling stations providing quality-assessed data in real-time to WIS/GTS.

G18 Processing & exchange of profiler data – Ensure, as far as possible, the required processing and the exchange of profiler data for local, regional and global use. When profiler data can be produced more frequently than 1 hour, a dataset containing only hourly observations can be exchanged globally following the WIS principles.

A number of profiling stations exchanged globally.

G40 Metadata & representativeness of special stations – Ensure, as far as possible in real-time, exchange of observations, relevant metadata, including a measure of representativeness made by surface-based stations serving specific applications (road transport, aviation, agricultural meteorology, urban meteorology, etc.).

A percentage of observations from the above stations exchanged regionally and globally in real-time.

G45 Dual polarization radars – Increase the deployment, calibration and use of dual polarization radars in those regions where it is beneficial.

Data coverage obtained from this type of radar for each Region.

G47 Weather radars for developing countries & DRR – For areas in developing countries which are sensitive to storms and floods, a special effort has to be made to establish and maintain weather radar stations.

The number of operational weather radar stations in the above areas.

3. Review of Various Implementation PlansThe CBS Management Group requested the OPAG-IOS to review the various Implementation Plans (e.g. EGOS-IP, GCOS-200, GCW-IP, GAW-IP) relevant to WIGOS component observing systems3 to ensure that all CBS OPAG-IOS relevant actions, in any of these existing IPs, will be captured and presented in the future WIGOS-IP. A synthesis document should be prepared to reflect the findings of the review with recommendations, and a summary of what will have to be considered in the future WIGOS-IP. In particular, this will involve:

(i) looking at the actions from GCW-IP, GAW-IP, GCOS-IP and GOOS-IP (note: there is currently no WHOS-IP, and GTOS implementation is covered under the GCOS-IP – see below) and identify those actions relevant to CBS and WIGOS, which may be missing from the EGOS-IP and could be proposed for consideration in a revised version of the EGOS-IP (or new WIGOS IP);

(ii) cross referencing the other actions from the GCW-IP, GAW-IP, GCOS-IP and GOOS-IP with those of the EGOS-IP;

3 The WIGOS Component Observing Systems include (i) the WMO observing systems, i.e. the Global Observing System (GOS), the WMO Hydrological Observing System (WHOIS), and the observing components of the Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW) and the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW), as well (ii) as WMO contribution to co-sponsored observing systems, i.e. the WMO-IOC-UNEP-ICSU Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), the IOC-WMO-UNEP-ICSU Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), and the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS).


(iii) Identifying elements of the Global Framework for Climate Services Implementation Plan, Observations and Monitoring Annex which could be considered for a revised version of the EGOS-IP;

(iv) Consideration will also have to be given to alignment with the Vision for WIGOS in 2040 to be approved by Cg-18 in 2019.

With regard to the different Implementation Plans, the following can be noted: GOS: This is covered by the EGOS-IP, responding to the Vision of the GOS in 2025. The

EGOS-IP has been developed for global observing systems (i.e. not solely the GOS) with consideration of WIGOS multi-disciplinary needs.

GAW: The GAW Implementation Plan 2016-2023 includes 59 key activities categorized as follows: Observations (10 activities), Data Quality (8 activities), Data Management (8 activities), Modelling and Reanalysis (11 activities), Joint Research Activities (3 activities), Capacity Development (5 activities), Outreach and Communication (8 activities), and Partnership (6 activities). It is likely that the categories Observations, Data Quality, Capacity Development, and Partnership will be the most relevant to the WIGOS-IP.

GCW: The GCW Implementation Plan is regarded by GCW as a dynamic document. The current version dated April 2016 includes 23 Key Tasks, categorized as follows: Governance (7 tasks), Observing System and Products (11 tasks), Capacity Building (3 tasks), and Outreach (2 tasks). A new version will be available in 2018, for submission to Cg-18, to reflect the transition to an operational program. As such, the list of activities in the Table of key tasks will be reviewed and updated with the Steering Group at its 5 th

meeting (GSG-5, Oslo, 10-12 January 2018). WHOS: The 15th Session of the Commission for Hydrology (CHy-15, Rome, Italy,

December 2016) approved the further implementation of phase I of the WMO Hydrological Observing System as well as the initial concept of phase II, and requested the Advisory Working Group, with the support of the WMO Secretariat, to develop an initial implementation plan, covering issues such as governance, architecture, relationships with the WIGOS and WIS centres, provision of metadata into OSCAR (the Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review Tool) and a clear definition of the roles of the Commission, the Secretariat, the global data centres, and the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services, to be presented to the Executive Council at its seventieth session in 2018 for its endorsement.

GCOS: CBS has already conducted a review of the new GCOS-IP (GCOS-200), which resulted in Decision 23 (CBS-16).

GOOS: The GOOS Strategy 2017-2027 is still under development (see draft in reference list on cover page), and will guide development of a GOOS Implementation Plan over the next five years (see also draft in reference list on cover page) through a systematic approach based on (i) defining requirements and specifying the expanded Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) to be measured, (ii) expanding observing networks and systems based on an assessment of their readiness to measure EOVs, across disciplines and scales; and (iii) enabling and promoting transformation of observational data into information products and services that serve a wide range of societal needs.

TPOS: TPOS requirements are essentially covered under the GCOS-IP. GGCS: The Implementation Plan of the GFCS includes an Observations and Monitoring

Annex, which provide some information on observational user requirements as well as some guidance for implementing the observations and monitoring pillar of the GFCS in support of food security, heath, water, disaster risk reduction (energy was added later as one of the societal sectors considered in the GFCS, so the observations and monitoring annex, does not refer specifically to that sector, although observational needs do of course exist). However, the GFCS-IP and its annexes is not structured with a precise list of actions targeted to specific implementation agents.

The ICT-IOS discussed the CBS Management Group request, and agreed that the work involved was challenging and substantial, requiring a careful review with consideration of different terminologies used in the IPs, and therefore would require requesting a consultant to undertake the work.


With regard to the next version of the EGOS-IP (or WIGOS-IP), it was noted that the core of the efforts will have to be done after Cg-18, i.e. after the new WIGOS Vision 2040 has been adopted. In the meantime, the OPAG-IOS can make progress, take into account the draft WIGOS Vision 2040, and start discussing and defining the future work plan, while identifying those key actions that we already know will have to be included in the new WIGOS Implementation Plan that will be responding to the new WIGOS Vision 2040 (see document 6(2)).The ICT-IOS, working with the Secretariat is looking at solutions for undertaking the review of the various IPs in 2018. CBS Management Group is invited to address the following issues and decide and recommend as follows:

Issue 6(1)/3 Review of Implementation Plans of WIGOS Component Observing Systems

References 1. Resolution 10 (EC-65) – adopting the EGOS-IP2. ICT-IOS-10 final report (Geneva, 5-8 February 2018)3. IPET-OSDE-3 final report (Geneva, 29 January – 1 February 2018)

Background The CBS Management Group requested the OPAG-IOS to review the various Implementation Plans (e.g. EGOS-IP, GCOS-200, GCW-IP, GAW-IP) relevant to WIGOS component observing systems to ensure that all CBS-relevant actions, in any of these existing IPs, will be captured and presented in the future WIGOS-IP. A synthesis document should be prepared to reflect the findings of the review with recommendations, and a summary of what will have to be considered in the future WIGOS-IP.


Need to rationalize WMO response to the various implementation plans, feeding into the future WIGOS Implementation Plan (i.e. successor of EGOS-IP), responding to the WIGOS Vision 2040.

Advice for CBS-MG

What By whom Deadlineto investigate whether some resources could be set aside for a consultant (to be recruited) to undertake the review of the various IPs in 2018

Secretariat asap

to undertake review of the various Implementation Plans

Consultant June 2018

to consider ICT-IOS and the consultant feedback when developing the work plan for developing the new WIGOS-IP

IPET-OSDE Cg-18

to invite GCW Steering Committee to update the GCW Implementation Plan with consideration of CBS efforts and guidance

GSC Cg-18

To invite CHy to develop the WHOS Implementation Plan with consideration of CBS efforts and guidance

CHy Cg-18

To invite JCOMM and OOPC to develop the new GOOS Implementation Plan with consideration of CBS efforts and guidance

JCOMM & OOPC

Cg-18

4. Updating WIGOS Regulatory Material, including Regional Basic Observing Network (RBON)

See document 6(3) – WIGOS Regulatory Material, including on the Regional Basic Observing Network (RBON).This document addresses the need to transfer Global Observing System (GOS) regulatory and guidance material (i.e. Manual on and Guide to the GOS, WMO No. 544 and WMO No. 488 respectively) into WIGOS Manual (WMO No. 1160) and Guide (WMO No. 1165).It also addresses new Technical Regulations which were developed for the Regional Basic Observing Network (RBON), consistently with the RBON concept as recommended by CBS-16 through Decision 21 (CBS-16) and approved by EC-69 through Decision 21 (EC-69).


5. OSCAR, including observational user requirements and Management of WIGOS observing station metadata

The Observing System Capability Analysis and Review tool (OSCAR, oscar.wmo.int ) is comprised of the following components:

OSCAR/Requirements, which is the repository of technology-free observational user requirements recorded quantitatively for the WMO Application Areas.

OSCAR/Space, which includes an inventory of satellite instruments, missions and programmes, and an assessment of the variables that the instruments have the potential to measure.

OSCAR/Surface, which records WIGOS metadata (i.e. description of the observing platforms and their instruments allowing to derive the surface-based observing systems capabilities). This new component developed in partnership with MeteoSwiss was deployed operationally in May 2016, and now replaces WMO No. 9, Volume A.

Following decisions and guidance of CBS-16, the OPAG-IOS discussed OSCAR requirements and issues, and made recommendations as detailed in document no. 6(8).

6. Science questions related to observing system impact studies and organisation of the next workshop

Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) centres conduct rigorous observation system experiments (OSEs) and sometimes routine Forecast Sensitivity Observation Impact (FSO) before introducing new observations in their forecasting systems. With these impact experiments, the centres assess the benefits from new or additional observations before implementing their use in data assimilation.The series of WMO workshops on the impact of various observing systems on NWP has become a major platform to share and discuss the results of recent observation impact assessment experiments on NWP. The 6th workshop in the series was held 10-13 May 2016 in Shanghai, China, hosted by the China Meteorological Agency (CMA) and the Shanghai Meteorological Service (SMS). The workshop was attended by about 80 participants from 14 countries and organized in three oral sessions with one joint poster session. Workshop report is available from the WMO Website4.One of the most important conclusions from the 6th workshop is that in terms of the most important observing systems contributing to forecast skill of global NWP models, the top five system were, in no particular order, microwave sounders (AMSU-A, ATMS), hyperspectral infrared sounders (AIRS, IASI, CrIS), radiosondes, aircraft data and atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs). GNSS radio occultation (RO) data are also important, and the general sense was that if a larger number of soundings could be provided, this type of observation would become even more important. The emergence of ocean surface winds from scatterometers as a significant contributor to NWP skill at all major centers, was also noted.Following decisions and guidance of CBS-16, the OPAG-IOS discussed observations impact assessment issues, and made the following recommendations.

Issue 6(1)/6 Impact assessment for observing system design and evolution

References 1. Decision 24 (EC-69) – Impact Assessment for Observing System Design and Evolution

2. WMO No. 1160, WIGOS Manual, paragraph 2.2.5, whereby: (1) Members, or groups of Members within regions, should conduct and/or participate in observation impact studies and related scientific evaluations to address WMO Integrated Global Observing System network design questions; and (2) Members should provide expertise for synthesizing the results of impact studies and making recommendations on the best mix of observing systems to address the gaps identified by the Rolling Review of Requirements process,

4 http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/WIGOS-WIS/reports/WMO-NWP-6_2016_Shanghai_Final-Report.pdf

http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/WIGOS-WIS/reports/WMO-NWP-6_2016_Shanghai_Final-Report.pdf

http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/WIGOS-WIS/reports/WMO-NWP-6_2016_Shanghai_Final-Report.pdf

https://oscar.wmo.int/surface

https://oscar.wmo.int/space

http://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/observingrequirements

http://oscar.wmo.int/


3. Recommendation 28 (CBS-16) - Submission and Maintenance of WIGOS Metadata in OSCAR by Members.

4. ICT-IOS-10 final report (Geneva, 5-8 February 2018)5. IPET-OSDE-3 final report (Geneva, 29 January – 1 February 2018)

Background The co-coordinators on Scientific Evaluation of Impact Studies undertaken by NWP Centres (C-CEIS) and the CBS Inter Programme Expert Team on Observing System Design and Evolution (IPET-OSDE) provide support for activities relating to observation impact experiments to answer as many scientific questions as possible by influencing NWP centers to undertake these experiments or steer existing ones to also address these questions.NWP Impact experiments tend to take a long time to execute. The reliance on the regular timeline of a workshop organization might not offer enough time to be able to influence the execution of the experiments.


The need to assess the impact of various observing systems on numerical weather prediction (NWP).

Observation impact studies provide a wealth of information of relevance to the evolution of the Global Observing System, and that the traditional OSE and OSSE techniques are complemented by new adjoint- and ensemble-based approaches that help inform network design activities and investment.

Advice for CBS-MG

What By whom DeadlineCBS Management Group to concur with the updated list of Science Questions Requiring NWP Impact Assessments for Observing System Design and Evolutions as provided in Appendix 1, and to submit draft EC-70 Decision on Impact assessment for observing system design and evolution.

CBS MG Mar. 2018

CBS Management Group to concur with the composition of the Scientific Organizing Committee (SOC) of the Seventh WMO Workshop on the Impact of Various Observing Systems on NWP to be organized in the Republic of Korea in 2020: Sid Boukabara (NOAA, ET-SAT, C-SEIS), Chair SeiYoung Park (KMA, C-SEIS, POC from local

host), Co-chair Erik Andersson (ECMWF, Chair of IPET-OSDE), Lars Peter Riishojgaard (WMO/WIGOS-PO), John Eyre (UKMO, IPET-OSDE), Tom Auligne (UCAR), Jianxia Guo (CMA)

CBS Management Group to request C-SEIS, the SOC and IPET-OSDE (i) to share the information of the workshop scope and objectives (in particular with OPAG-DPFS, ET-SBO, ET-SAT, ET-ABO, IPET-OWR) and encourage the active participation of the NMHSs & NWP centres, (ii) to engage early enough (mid 2018 is recommended) with NMHSs to conduct OSEs and OSSEs and other impact experiments, to address the identified Science Questions Requiring NWP Impact Assessments for Observing System Design and Evolutions (Appendix 1), (iii) to coordinate the organisation of the next workshop on Impacts of Observing Systems on NWP (PRK, 2020) according to IPET-OSDE-3 plan, (iv) to produce report on impacts workshop, and (v) to report to ICT-IOS on outcomes of workshop.

SOC Mid-2018 to 2020



Time frame

Executive Council to decide to EC-70 Mar. 2018


Agree that priority should be given to studies that address the identified Science Questions Requiring NWP Impact Assessments for Observing System Design and Evolutions that are anticipated to include observation impact assessment for longer-range forecasting and non-NWP application areas;

Request CBS to organize the Seventh WMO Workshop on the Impact of Various Observing Systems on NWP in the Republic of Korea in 2020;

Request Members:(1) To continue the development and research of

adjoint- and ensemble-based observation impact assessment tools, as a complement to traditional OSEs;

(2) To develop OSEs for the optimization of regional composite networks;

(3) To address the science questions listed in Appendix 1, and have Numerical Weather Prediction Centres to undertake the required impact studies (e.g. OSEs, OSSEs) during the period 2018 to 2020, and have NMHSs and NWP centres to actively participate in the Seventh WMO Workshop on the Impact of Various Observing Systems on NWP (Republic of Korea, 2020);

(Note: Decision 24 (EC-69) to no longer be in force)

7. Strengthening collaboration with CGMS regarding Risk Assessment and Gap Analysis

Issue 6(1)/7 Strengthening collaboration with CGMS regarding Risk Assessment and Gap Analysis

References 1. ICT-IOS-10 final report (Geneva, 5-8 February 2018)

Background The Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS) Working Group III (WG-III) is reviewing and updating the status of the identified critical issues on space-based global observing system, which is provided by the WMO Secretariat. This is to be discussed in CGMS Plenary for risk assessment and gap analysis on global continuity, based on the "Vision for the GOS in 2025".A WMO- CGMS workshop is planned for 30 April - 2 May 2018 to hash out the details of this process, i.e. to (i) define gaps, (ii) roles and responsibilities for identifying gaps, (iii) updating the CGMS contingency plan (drafted in 2007, but never formally adopted). The results should ultimately be reflected in an updated definition of the WMO Space Programme at Cg-18.


In order to ensure the sustainability of the space-based global observing system, there is a need to achieve a sufficient discussion in CGMS for risk assessment and gap analysis on global continuity.

Advice for CBS-MG

What By whom DeadlineCBS Management Group to take note of OPAG IOS recommendations with regard to strengthening collaboration with CGMS regarding risk assessment and gap analysis, refine draft EC-70 recommendation below.

CBS-MG Mar. 2018



Time frame

Executive Council to Recommend to Congress that WMO and CGMS (through its working group III) should define and adopt a formal process for detecting and addressing gaps in the space-based

EC-70,Cg-18

Jun. 2018,2019


component of WIGOS. This should include risk assessment and contingency planning.

8. Radio Frequency Coordination and the agreed WMO position going into WRC-19ICT-IOS at its 10th Session (Geneva, Switzerland, February 2018) concurred with the recommendation of the Steering Group on Radio-Frequency Coordination (SG-RFC) to submit a draft Recommendation to EC-70, that includes a draft Congress Resolution on Radio-Frequency matters (Appendix 1 to document 6(7)).See document 6(7) for details.

9. Collaboration with IATA regarding Aircraft-Based Observations The CBS Expert Team on Aircraft-Based Observing Systems (ET-ABO) has proposed a draft EC-70 Resolution to endorse the Concept of Operations for the IATA-WMO Collaborative AMDAR Programme (IWCAP) and to recommend to Cg-18 to approve the formal collaborative arrangement. Also in relation to this matter, the ICT-IOS has recommended that CBS establish a task team to coordinate and guide WMO in relation to the further development of the IWCAP and to inform EC and Cg on the future decisions related to establishing the collaborative arrangement.See document no. 6(4) for details.

10. Recommendations on assessing the uptake and utilization of observational products by members

The CBS Inter Programme Expert Team on Satellite Data Utilization and Products (IPET-SUP) regularly assesses the status of satellite data exchange, uptake and utilization by Members and satellite operators. Two items are brought to the attention of CBS TECO:

1. The prospect of private-sector operators of basic satellite systems has triggered renewed attention to the issue of data access and availability for global WMO applications, in particular for near-real-time applications. IPET-SUP has developed a position paper from the satellite user perspective on what types of satellite data should be considered critical for the protection of life and property. The position paper formulates eight principles that providers of satellite data should fulfil to meet the critical needs of the meteorological community, and defines what critical satellite data are (see document no. 6(9) for details).

2. IPET-SUP stressed the importance of the WMO-CGMS Virtual Laboratory for Education and Training in Satellite Meteorology (VLab) as a global infrastructure to facilitate the uptake and utilization of satellite data by delivering training and regional building of capacity, based on distance-learning techniques. The VLab currently consists of 13 training centres of excellence, eight satellite operators supporting these centres, and a technical support officer. Regular contributions to the WMO VLab Trust Fund are required to fund the technical support function.

Issue 6(1)/10 Sustained funding of the VLab Technical support officer

References 1. ICT-IOS-10 final report (Geneva, 5-8 February 2018)2. Report on the Status of the VLab and its Trust Fund to CGMS-45 (16 June

2017, https://www.cgms-info.org/Agendas/PPT/CGMS-45-WMO-WP-09)

Background WMO SP together with CGMS operators supports the Virtual Laboratory for Education and Training in Satellite Meteorology (VLab) which, through 13 centres of excellence, delivered in 2016 alone 122 training events on satellite data, products and applications for over 4000 participants, largely through distance learning, and mainly focussing on nowcasting and weather forecasting. Satellite providers in CGMS provide annual financial contributions to keep the Fund operational (at about 80K CHF / year).

Rationale for Satellite providers in CGMS provide annual financial contributions to keep


the proposed advice

the Fund operational, however, a broader diversity of donor contributions by Members would strengthen robustness of the Fund, and help support training activities for a wider range of WMO Application Areas (e.g., climate, marine meteorology).

Advice for CBS-MG

What By whom DeadlineCBS Management Group to take note of OPAG IOS recommendations with regard to sustained funding of the VLab Technical support officer, and refine draft EC-70 Decision below.

CBS-MG Mar. 2018



Time frame

Executive Council to request Members to consider providing financial contributions to the WMO VLab Trust Fund.

EC-70 2018-2019

11. Res 40 and data availability issue and Global exchange of data in support of NWP

The use of data for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and other WMO Application Areas has changed, and requirements evolved, leading to substantial data gaps in particular with regard to the frequency of observations made available to models, typically at synoptic scale, while more frequent observations exist but are not being exchanged. Indeed, Annex to Resolution 40 (Cg-12) (Res40) does not put obligation on Members to distribute hourly data, and appears to be no longer fit for purpose. One reason of this situation is that the current definitions within Res40 and its first Annex are now inadequate and need revisions to ensure that Members are not only encouraged to exchange required higher resolution observational data, but also not discouraged from exchanging higher resolution data for the simple reason that they may interpret the data policy in Res40 as an expression of observational user requirements rather than simply a minimum requirements which is actually no longer valid.As we are developing a WIGOS Vision in 2040 and moving towards Earth System Prediction, it will be critical to make sure that data from all WIGOS sources will be exchanged according to the requirements set in the Rolling Review of Requirements. With the current and anticipated future requirements, WMO must take steps to ensure that its Members are aware of the requirements and prepared and able to address the gaps and make data available, in particular with regard to high resolution data.This issue is discussed in detail in document no. 6(5).

12. Other surface-based observing systems issuesAt the 10th session of ICT-IOS, several issues relating to observing systems operation were raised that were recommended to be addressed by CBS.1) Utilising the correct Geoide for recording and reporting observing system metadata

Issue 6(1)/12(1)

Utilising the correct Geoide

References 1. Manual on WIGOS, section 3.3.1.3

Background It has long been recognised that using the correct Geoide enables surface pressure and upper air profiles to be utilised effectively in NWP. However the sources of guidance for the use of this correct geoide is a little confusing and not all location devices default to the using of this regulated setting as standard.


The Manual on WIGOS unambiguously refers (current provision 3.3.1.3) to mandated the use of World Geodetic System 1984 WGS84 and its Earth Geodetic Model (EGM96). Additional guidance may be needed to highlight


that modern location reference devices do not all default to the use of this earth model.

Advice for CBS-MG

What By whom DeadlineMembers should be reminded during CBS TECO of the need to check settings on position devices to ensure correct model is selected when confirming the location of an observing station. ICT-IOS to be invited to also address the issue, possibly from a regulatory material standpoint, but more specifically from a guidance material one.

ICT-IOS and CBS-MG

CBS TECO March 2018

Management Group to request ICG-WIGOS, in consultation with ET-SBO, to coordinate the review of WIGOS guidance material and, if necessary, make changes to ensure that Members are given adequate guidance and instruction on this matter.

CBS-MG ICG-WIGOS (Jan 2019)

2) Traceability to Standards and access to Calibration Facilities

Issue 6(1)/12(2)

Traceability to Standards and access to Calibration Facilities

References 1. Expert Team on Surface Based Observations, Third Session, 20 - 23 June, Geneva Switzerland, Final Report, agenda item 4.1

Background Feedback from the Regions presented at ET-SBO-3 highlighted the ongoing need for improvements in the traceability of measurements and access to calibration facilities, especially in RA I and RA III.


CIMO have the responsibility for the provision of traceable measurements and for the oversight of the management of WMO Regional Instrument Centres. A request to CIMO may highlight an already known issue but equally may encourage further efforts in this area.

Advice for CBS-MG

What By whom DeadlineIt is recommended that the President of CBS, with input from ICT-IOS and ET-SBO in particular, write to the President of CIMO to highlight the findings from recent requests for feedback from RA I and RA III experts in particular, and to take further action as deemed necessary.

CBS-MG CIMO Session, October 2018

3) Access to Lightning Observations Expertise

Issue 6(1)/12(3)

ET-SBO Access to Lightning Observations Expertise

References

Background Lightning observations are an important operational observation for several application areas, yet neither ET-SBO nor CIMO’s ET-ORST have been able to secure an active lightning observing systems expert. This is limiting the work both teams are able to undertake. Additionally the operational deployment of space based lightning imagery systems requires careful consideration of how surface based systems should be operated to ensure an integrated approach to lightning observing capabilities.


Given that this expertise has not become available through the normal nomination process by Members and HMEI to CBS, it is requested that ICT-IOS might be permitted to directly solicit such expertise.

Advice for CBS-MG

What By whom DeadlineCBS Management Group to allow ET-SBO to directly approach suitable experts for nomination of operational lightning observations experts to membership to team.

CBS-MG Mar. 2018

https://library.wmo.int/opac/doc_num.php?explnum_id=3979

https://library.wmo.int/opac/doc_num.php?explnum_id=3979


4) Provision of High-resolution Radiosonde Data in BUFR[Background – statistics/graphics from ECMWF demonstrating impact of high-resolution radiosonde data and providing current status of provision by Members.]The global status of the radiosonde TAC to BUFR migration, as of January 2018, is shown in Figure 1. About 31% of radiosonde stations now provide high-resolution BUFR (navy blue). This number includes the recent addition of more than 60 US stations in late 2017. Another 8% provide native low-resolution BUFR (cyan), but about 25% of radiosonde stations are not producing any BUFR messages (white markers). The biggest issue for users of radiosonde observations is due to BUFR reports that have been created from TEMP/PILOT through simple reformatting. Such reports (orange markers) are not compliant with the specification, and most NWP centres are not able to use the BUFR data from these stations.

Figure 1 Status of radiosonde BUFR availability, January 2018. The markers represent stations where no BUFR data is currently produced (white), BUFR is created through simple reformatting of TEMP parts A, B, C and D (orange), native BUFR at low vertical resolution (cyan), native BUFR with high vertical resolution (navy). Reports in native BUFR usually contain detailed time and location information, lacking in TEMP/PILOT.Courtesy ECMWF, https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/display/TCBUF/TAC+To+BUFR+Migration.

There is a risk to the quality of NWP forecasts if countries were to switch off their provision of TAC observations whilst their corresponding BUFR data do not meet the coding regulations (see Chapter d, Part C, Manual on Codes (WMO-No. 306), such as General section of B/C25), or have other quality problems. Most NWP centres have started assimilating some subsets of BUFR radiosonde and surface data whereas a few other NWP centres cannot use BUFR radiosonde data from the GTS yet. A few BUFR reports still have rather basic errors, such as wrong positions, and there are numerous more subtle errors in the data that remain to be resolved. NWP centres may take the pragmatic approach of processing both TAC and BUFR data and gradually switch to using more of the BUFR reports after they have been quality-assessed. This is done by carefully comparing the TAC and BUFR reports from each station.In general, users would like to see an overlap of several months with parallel dissemination of station data in both TAC and BUFR format, before the TAC data is discontinued for any station or country.


Issue 6(1)/12(4)

Provision of High-resolution Radiosonde Data in BUFR

References 1. CBS, EGOS-IP, Action G14, Ensure a timely distribution of radiosonde measurements at high vertical resolution

2. CBS-TECO-2018, Doc. 6(1), Issue 6(1)/3: Managing problems with observations in BUFR

3. Circular letter 7 July 2015: Migration of upper-air reports to BUFR.Background Global NWP centres have demonstrated the benefits from global

dissemination of high-resolution BUFR radiosonde measurements with detailed time and location information. Assimilation tests show significantly smaller errors in such data, compared to TEMP. The beneficial impact of radiosonde data on forecast quality increases in BUFR, compared to TEMP.


Given:1) the significant positive impact on NWP of high-resolution radiosonde

data;2) the procedures that have been established by OPAG-ISS for

Members to implement the provision of high-resolution radiosonde data within BUFR and to avoid the practice of directly converting Traditional Alphanumeric Codes (TAC) to Table Driven Code Formats (TDCF); and

3) the slow pace of implementation by Members in the provision of these high-resolution radiosonde data;

CBS should recommend to EC that Members increase their efforts to implement the procedures and practices necessary to provide high-resolution radiosonde data on the GTS in BUFR.

Advice for CBS-MG

What By whom DeadlineCBS-MG to consider the draft recommendation (TECO-2018, Doc. 6.1(1), Appendix 2) to EC-70 for Members to be urged to increase their efforts to undertake provision of high-resolution radiosonde data in line with the procedures developed by OPAG-ISS and approved by CBS.

CBS-MG Mar. 2018



Time frame

To consider for adoption the resolution recommended by CBS Management Group.

EC-70 June 2018

4) Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) SchemeIssue 6(1)/12-xxx

Reducing the number of Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) classifications

References 1. ICT-IOS-10 final report (Geneva, 5-8 February 2018)2. Recommendation 7.3/2 (JCOMM-5) on reducing the number of VOS

ClassificationsBackground JCOMM-5 (Geneva, October 2017) adopted Recommendation 7.3/2 (JCOMM-

5) on reducing the number of VOS Classifications, and is now working at proposing required changes to Technical Regulations to be eventually included in WMO No. 1160, WIGOS Manual, and MWO No. 306, Manual on Codes. As part of this Recommendations, CBS was invited to accept the changes proposed by the SOT to the above regulatory and guidance material.


To better reflect the reality of nowadays recruitment of Voluntary Observing Ships, the following three classes of VOS are proposed:(a) NMHS Operated: Ships that are recruited by a national meteorological

service which also supplies the necessary observing instruments, sensors and equipment,

(b) NMHS Cooperative: Ships that are recruited by a national meteorological service but use their own instruments, sensors and equipment,

(c) Independent: Third party support ships that are not recruited by a national meteorological service but contribute to the VOS Scheme,

Advice for What By whom Deadline

https://www.wmo.int/edistrib_exped/grp_prs/_en/2011_2016%20Archives%20/2015/2015_07/2015-07-07-PR-6855-OBS-WIS-DRMM_en.pdf

http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/OSY/Publications/EGOS-IP-2025/EGOS-IP-2025-en.pdf

http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/OSY/Publications/EGOS-IP-2025/EGOS-IP-2025-en.pdf


CBS-MG CBS Management Group to take note of OPAG IOS recommendations with regard to reducing the number of VOS Classifications, and accept JCOMM to propose changes to MO No. 1160, WIGOS Manual, and MWO No. 306, Manual on Codes.

CBS-MG Mar. 2018

13. Other issues related to the Rolling Review of RequirementsIssue 6(1)/13 Lack of resources to conduct a more detailed analysis of

observational requirements and to develop a detailed SoG for the Climate Science Application Area.

References 4. ICT-IOS-10 final report (Geneva, 5-8 February 2018)5. IPET-OSDE-3 final report (Geneva, 29 January – 1 February 2018)

Background WCRP related observational user requirements were initially organized under a number of separate WCRP-managed Application Areas dealing with respective Earth System domains (GEWEX for atmosphere-land, CliC for cryosphere, SPARC for stratosphere-troposphere, CLIVAR for ocean-atmosphere), air-sea fluxes (joint with SOLAS) and general climate modelling requirements. Many of those entries where as old as 1998. Those have now been consolidated and reviewed into a single Climate Science Application Area.


Climate Science is fundamental to ensure continuous progress and quality of climate services and support to policy making. Satellite and in-situ observations are critical to support research in climate analysis and prediction (including numerical model development, reanalyses, climate predictions and projections).It is critical for the observational user requirements for climate science application area to be defined, reviewed and recorded in OSCAR/Requirements, and for gap analysis to be undertaken and documented in Statement of Guidance of this Application Area.However, the reduced financial and manpower resources in WCRP does not currently allow to undertake this effort.

Advice for CBS-MG

What By whom DeadlineCBS Management Group to take note of OPAG IOS recommendations with regard to the lack of resources to conduct a more detailed analysis of observational requirements and to develop a detailed SoG for the Climate Science Application Area, and refine draft EC-70 Decision below.

CBS-MG Mar. 2018



Time frame

To request Secretary General to identify resources to further review Climate Science requirements and gap analysis

EC-70 EC-70

____________


APPENDIX 1SCIENCE QUESTIONS REQUIRING NWP IMPACT ASSESSMENTS FOR

OBSERVING SYSTEM DESIGN AND EVOLUTIONS

Short name:Full name

Science question

Surface-based

S1 AMDAR: Coverage of AMDAR

Encourage studies of impact assessment of AMDAR and MODE-S in data-sparse regions. Examples include for instance (1) trade space studies between additional vertical profiles over land versus en route data over the oceans, and (2) increasing measurements over poles versus tropics. Provide general guidance for AMDAR extension priorities.

S2 Radar: Radar observations

What are the impacts of current radar observations, particularly radar polarization, but also wind profiles, radial winds and reflectivity?

S3 PBL: Observations of the PBL for regional and high-resolution NWP

What should be the focus of improvements for observations of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) in support of regional and high-resolution NWP? Which variables and what space-time resolution?

S4 HighElev: High elevation surface observing stations

Estimate the actual and potential impacts of high elevation meteorological data from the high mountain regions, for example using OSSE, OSE or FSOI, on appropriate environmental models.

Space-based

S5 SatLand: Satellite sounding over land and ice

What is the impact of new developments in the assimilation of radiance data over land, snow and sea ice?

S6 Sounders: Impact of multiple satellite sounders

What benefits are found when data from more than one passive sounder are available from satellites in complementary orbits?

S7 AMVs: Atmospheric Motion Vectors

Which AMV characteristics (temporal resolution, height, etc.) should be enhanced from the next generation of satellites (such as Geo)?

General

S8 UA: Regional upper-air network design studies

Upper-air network design studies such as those that have been performed for the European composite observing system (EUCOS) are required also in other Regions, especially in Region I where the basic networks are under pressure. Assessments of recent changes in the networks, including the impact of launching radiosondes once per day or at non-synoptic times.

S9 Sfc and Sat : Impact of satellite observing capabilities on the design of the surface-based observing systems

What is the impact of the increasing capabilities of space-based observing systems on the design and evolution of surface-based observing systems? With special emphasis on the impact on network design in areas with very sparse surface-based networks. Examples include (1) For marine observing systems: What density of surface pressure observations over the ocean is needed to complement high-


density surface wind observations from satellites? And (2) For upper air observations: What network of in situ profiling observations is needed in the stratosphere to complement current satellite observations (including radio occultation)? Assessments addressing the Tropics are encouraged.

S10 AdjEns: Application of adjoint and ensemble methods

What insights can be gained from adjoint and ensemble-based impact measures tailored for applications such as severe weather, aviation and energy? Specific impact metrics may be required.

S11 Ocean: Impact in ocean-coupled assimilation

Which ocean observations are particularly important for NWP? Investigate the role of ocean observations, in particular profile observations provided for example by the moored buoy arrays, in coupled atmosphere-ocean data assimilation with a focus on the 7-14 day range.

S12 Land: Impact in land-coupled assimilation

Which land-surface observations are particularly important for NWP at all forecast time ranges? Investigate the role of surface observations in coupled atmosphere-land data assimilation with a focus on the 7-14 day range.

S13 Data frequency/Timeliness

Assess the impact of increased frequency and/or timeliness/latency of observations? Consider the case of AMDAR, radiosonde, GEO satellites AMVs and ground-based remote sensing observations (such as Doppler radar, wind profiler, ground based GNSS receivers) for regional and global NWP.

S14 Atmospheric composition

Study observation impact in atmospheric composition and air quality application and the impact of atmospheric composition observations (e.g. aerosol) on NWP.

S15 OSSEs Observing system simulation experiments are encouraged in support of satellite system design criteria such as orbit optimization for GNSS-RO satellites, or for emerging technology sensors (such as Geo-based hypersperspectral IR or MW sounders, Small/Cube satellites, etc).

S16 Impact Assessment for Seasonal And Climate Applications

Observational Impact Studies are encouraged for extended range prediction systems, especially using coupled models. These could be used to investigate ways to optimize the design of climate observing systems networks.

S17 Ground-Based GNSS

Promote undertaking impact studies to assess the impact of ground-based GNSS on NWP. This will help measure the potential need to exchange data internationally. In addition to regional impacts, global impacts or at least wide-regional impacts are encouraged.

___________


APPENDIX 2

Draft Resolution X.X.X(X)/1 (EC-70)

PROVISION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOSONDE DATA ON THE WMO GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

THE EXECTUIVE COUNCIL,

Recalling Resolution 40 (Cg-XII), WMO Policy and Practice for the Exchange of Meteorological and Related Data and Products, Including Guidelines on Relationships in Commercial Meteorological Activities, which adopts the practice that “Members shall provide on a free and unrestricted basis essential data and products which are necessary for the provision of services in support of the protection of life and property and the well-being of all nations, particularly those basic data and products, as, at a minimum, described in Annex 1 to this resolution, required to describe and forecast accurately weather and climate, and support WMO Programmes”, and that Annex 1, Data and Products to be Exchanged Without Charge and With No Condition on Use, includes “All available data from upper air sounding networks”,

Recalling also the approval by EC-65 (Resolution 10, EC-65) following the recommendation (Recommendation 6, CBS-15), from the fifteenth Session of CBS of the Implementation Plan for Evolution of Global Observing Systems (EGOS-IP) (responding to the vision for the GOS in 2025 and WIGOS needs),

Noting that the EGOS-IP includes Action G14, which requests Members to “Ensure a timely distribution of radiosonde measurements at high vertical resolution, together with position and time information for each datum, and other associated metadata”,

Noting also:

(1) …………….,

(a) …………….,

(i) .....................,

Noting further …,

Noting with satisfaction …,

Taking note that CBS had developed and approved procedures for the transition from the provision of radiosonde data in Traditional Alphanumeric Codes to their provision in high-resolution BUFR,

Mindful that, while some Members have complied with this agreed action and are already providing high-resolution radiosonde data on the GTS, it is estimated that 69% of radiosonde stations are not yet providing these data,

Having examined …,

Having considered …,

Having been informed that, even with the currently limited provision of high-resolution radiosonde data, numerical weather prediction applications have measured a significant positive impact in forecast skill from their availability and use and experts expect that this improvement would be extended and increased through wider availability of such data,


Convinced …,

Satisfied …,

Observes … e.g. record of views and observations expressed during the session;

Decides … e.g. to endorse the … (hereafter/thereafter referred to as “…”) as provided in the annex to the present resolution;

Adopts …;

Agrees …;

Endorses …;

Requests …;

Also requests …;

Further requests …;

Urges Members to increase their efforts to implement the required systems and procedures to enable the provision of high-resolution radiosonde data from their radiosonde stations in compliance with related CBS procedures and practices;

Recommends …;

Calls upon …;

Invites …;

Encourages regional associations and technical commissions, where needed and where possible, to provide technical advice and develop collaborative solutions to assist Members with this process.

etc.

___________

Documents

CBS Technical Conference 2018 - meetings.wmo.intmeetings.wmo.int/...TECO-2018-Doc-6(1)-OPAG-IOS-Chair-Report-Draft… · Web viewRadio Frequency Coordination and the agreed WMO