CASE STUDY IIITime-Management Decision Making

Objective: to improve your time-management skills through the use of the normative decision process.

Probably the most important resources that we have are our time. Students and managers always seem to have tremendous demands on their time. They need to monitor its use closely and allocate it carefully. Unfortunately, few of us make efficient and effective use of our time naturally. We need to develop time management skills and employ techniques that contribute to this end.

As student, the poor management of your time may inhibit learning, interferes with academic performance, and limit extracurricular activities. Due to a lack of time-management skills, may intelligent students struggle to achieve moderate success or simply to meet graduation and endurance, qualities that overcome their inefficient use of time. Many managers face the same difficulties with regard to their work. Now is a good time to begin the development of your time-management skills.

This exercise is designed to give you an opportunity to analyze and to improve your own time-management skills through the use of the normative decision process discussed in the lecture. To help you analyze these skills and make decisions regarding common time wasters and recommendations to correct them.

Time-Management Decision-Making WorksheetStep 1: Classify and define the problem

Do you believe that your time-management problem is a programmed problem (routine problem for which you have worked our a solution) or a non programmed problem (new or unique problem that requires a new solution)? Why?

Inefficient use of time can result from many causes. Develop a list of the time wasters (external and internal) that you believe interferes with your effective use of time.

External Time Wasters:1.Internet Surfing2.Games3.Financial incapability4.Bad Environment5.Unexpected Errands6.Traffic7.Untimely schedule8.Too much assignments9.Waiting10.Visitors

Internal Time Waster1.Lack of concentration2.Inability to adapt3.Lack of planning and priorities4.Procastination5.Disorganization6.Lack of self discipline7.Inability to say no8.Attitude9.Sleeping10.Unproductive activities

Do these time wasters happen more often at a particular time? External Time Waster

Yes, These time wasters happen often when I needed time the most.

Internal Time WasterNo, these time wasters happens regularly

When are these time wasters less evident?External Time Waster

These time waster are less evident when I don’t value time as much, when I don’t have any priorities

Internal Time WasterThese time wasters are less evident most of the time, for I do them regularly. I only

notice these when it dealt too much damage.

Do these time wasters arise more in a particular place?External Time Waster

No, some of them happens at any place

Internal Time WasterYes, most of them happens at home

Where are these time wasters less evident?External Time Waster

At home, because no one is the some of it are inevitable

Internal Time WasterAt home, because there are no one who to remind me of my priorities.

How many changes taken place in your life that may have led to these time wastersExternal Time Waster

Many changes in my life lead me to these wasters such as frustration, depression, and also my wasters appears if some unwanted things happen.

Internal Time WasterIn my life there are many times that I need a moment or time to withdraw my feelings

and I use these wasters to relieve it

If you decided to change any of the time wasters listed above, would the decision require acceptance by a group or other individuals (roommates, family, peer, and employer).External Time Waster

Yes, since most of them are involve in the list above.

Internal Time WasterNo, because most of the internal time wasters listed above are product of my laziness.

Overall, what do you believe is the most important underlying cause of these time wasters that interferes with yours effective and efficient use of time? Why?

The lack of goals and motivation is the cause of these time wasters

Step 2: Develop Criteria for successful solutionAs mentioned, specific goals should help you to use your time more efficiently. To this

end, list your top priority objectives, the objectives that you believe must be satisfied by a new approach to use of your time. Example of these Must Objectives include: better grades, improved relations with your family, physical fitness, improve job performance, acceptability of new approach in roommate, friends or family and proficiency at some extra- curricular activity, sport, or hobby. Try to make your Must Objectives as specific as possible.Must Objective 1: Pass all subjectsMust Objective 2: Build up my selfMust Objective 3: To build good relationship with othersMust Objective 4: Increase my knowledgeMust Objective 5: : Acceptability of people around meOther must Objectives:

In addition, list your objectives that are desirable, but not necessary, for an acceptable decision. Examples of this Want Objective include: more travel, reading for pleasure, improved golf score, more rest, and improved relations with friends. Once again, try to be specific.Want Objective 1: More time to sleepWant Objective 2: increase of allowanceWant Objective 3: bonding with friendsWant Objective 4: eat things that I likeWant Objective 5:physically fitOther Want Objective:

Step 3: Generate AlternativeList any alternatives that you believe may help to improve the used of your time. Attempt

to employ all possible sources on time management for ideas concerning these alternatives. These include articles and books on time management, friends who consciously try to manage their time efficiently, and specialists. Try to be creative, but develop a list of alternatives that is relevant to the time wasters that you listed above, particularly the major cause or problem that you identified. Do not evaluate at this time! Examples of alternative include: developed a daily plan, live alone, limit social activities on weeknights, go to the library every night, sell your TV, say not extra job requests, and take fewer credit hours per semester.Alternative 1:no games until the weekendsAlternative 2:productive internet usageAlternative 3:do the assignments earlyAlternative 4:going to school earlierAlternative 5:spending less time aloneAlternative 6:quit day dreaming Alternative 7:reading text booksAlternative 8: doing less important errands at free timeAlternative 9: diminishing unproductive activitiesAlternative 10:learn to say no Other Alternative:

Step 4: Compare Alternative to ObjectivesGo back to your list of MUST OBJECTIVES AND ALTERNATIVES. Using the table

below, determine whether the alternative satisfy all your MUST OBJECTVES. If none of the alternatives satisfy all your MUST OBJECTIVES, try to develop more alternatives

Must Objectives

ALTERNATIVES

#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #101 / / / / / / /2 / / / / / /3 /4 / / / / /5 / /

Go back to your list of WANT OBJECTIVES and attach an importance score, ranging from 1 (least important) to 10 (most important), to each WANT OBJECTIVE. Then, for each remaining objectives, assign a weight for how well that alternative meets the WANT OBJECTIVE. These weights also should be on a 1 (does not meet the WANT OBJECTIVE) to 10 (meets the WANTS OBJECTIVE VERY WELL) scale. Finally, calculate the total weighted score of each alternative by multiplying the importance score and the weights, and then summing these products for each alternative. For example of this process, refer to your textbook.

Want Objectives

Importance Score

Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3

Weight Score Weight Score Weight Score1 5 8 40 5 25 8 402 5 8 40 8 40 5 253 7 5 35 5 35 9 634 7 3 21 3 21 3 215 9 8 72 8 72 8 72

208 193 221

Total Weighted Score:

Steps 5: Choose an AlternativesBased on the analysis in step 4. one or a combination of alternatives may satisfy the

objectives that you identified in step 2. one alternative may emerge as clearly superior to the other, or you may find that several of the alternatives attain high total weighted scores and are mutually compatible. If this is not the case, then you probably need to conduct additional analysis. Many times you will still need to rely on your judgment to make the final decision. List below the alternatives that you have selected and the reason that you decided on each one.

The best alternative is alternatives 1 and 3, for they coincide with most of my “ want objective” and “must objective” . they are almost not an alternative but a priority.

Step 6: Implement the DecisionNow that you have decided how to approach your time management problem, you must

implement your alternatives. Develop a schedule of events to carry out your decision and work out the issues that affect other. Try to stick with your decision from the beginning and watch for potential conflict that may arise early in the process. List in the space below the critical events in the implementation of your decision and a timetable for their execution.

No games until weekends – starting this week I am not allowed to play any gamesProductive internet usage – I will only use the internet for research purposes onlyGoing to school early – sleeping early and waking up earlyDoing the assignments early – I will be doing my assignments before the deadlineSpending less time alone – I will go with my classmates to do our study more oftenQuit day dreaming – I do more productive things everytime to keep myself from itReading text books – I am going to do an advance reading to be more productiveDoing less important errands – I will do them in my free time to avoid crammingDiminishing unproductive activities – I will keep myself busy to avoid theseLearning to say no – starting today, I will not accept any invitation when there are

important things to do

Step 7: Monitor decision and obtain feedbackOnce the decision is implemented, you must develop some techniques to monitor its

effectiveness. Set some standards that are related to your objectives. These standards can be checked on a periodic basis to determine your progress. List the standards below and a timetable for their evaluation. Remember to correct problems as quickly as possible after they arise.

I must comply with the alternatives that I listed. Learn to identify the wasters and not Compare previous and current performance Check changes

Technological University of the PhilippinesCollege of Engineering

Department of Electrical Engineering

CASE IIITime management

Submitted by:Nochel Andrew A. Mallari

BSEE-5A

Submitted to:Engr. Lyndon Bague