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Cardiovascular Disease: Coronary Artery Disease
Colleen RichMarch 6th, 2012
What is Cardiovascular Disease?
• A general term that refers to any disease of the heart and circulatory system.
- generally characterized by the deposition of fatty material in the blood vessels (hardening of the arteries), which in turn can lead to organ damage and death
- also termed coronary heart disease (CHD), as the vessels of the heart are the primary sites of the disease
Types of Cardiovascular Disease
• Cardiovascular disease includes a number of conditions affecting the structures or function of the heart
- Coronary Artery Disease- Heart Attack- Arrhythmia- Atrial Fibrillation- Heart Valve Disease- Heart Failure- ETC
What is Coronary Artery Disease?
• CAD is atherosclerosis, or hardening, of the arteries that provide vital oxygen and nutrients to the heart.
- The arteries, which start out smooth and elastic, become narrow and rigid, restricting blood flow to the heart
-heart becomes starved of oxygen and the vital nutrients it needs to pump properly
Pathology• Pathology of Coronary Artery Disease: -Heart disease can start in adolescence
- LDL are taken up by scavenger cells-As plaque grows, the process of atherosclerosis evolves over
decades
• Risk Factors:- High cholesterol- Smoking- Hypertension- Diabetes
Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease
• Most common symptoms: angina or chest pain
• Other symptoms:- Shortness of breath , palpitations, faster
heart beat, weakness or dizziness, nausea, sweating
Background on Cardiovascular Disease
• The leading cause of death in the United States for men and women
• ~ 500,000 people die annually from coronary heart disease• Caused by the interaction of both genes and environment• Parents or other close relatives had heart disease, you are at a
higher risk• African Americans, Mexican Americans, American Indians,
Hawaiians, and some Asian Americans also have a higher risk for heart problems
Background on Cardiovascular Disease
- Risk of heart disease increases with age.- Men have a higher risk of getting heart disease than women who are still getting their menstrual period. After menopause, the risk for women is closer to the risk for men- Kills twice as many women as cancer- 60% more people die from coronary heart disease than cancer- Considered one of the most preventable diseases
Treatment
• Health Lifestyle:- Quit Smoking- Switch to low-fat diet- Increase exercise
• Surgery:- Coronary angioplasty and stents, Magnetic-assisted
intervention, Coronary artery bypass surgery, Minimally invasive heart surgery
• Medication may be prescribed by doctors:- Aspirin, Nitroglycerin, Beta-blockers, Cholesterol-lowering
medications, ACE inhibitors, Calcium channel blockers, Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins, etc.
Low-Fat Diet
• Saturated fat Less than 7 percent of your total daily calories
• Trans fat Less than 1 percent of your total daily calories
• Cholesterol Less than 300 milligrams a day for healthy adults; less than 200 milligrams a day for adults with high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or "bad," cholesterol or those who are taking cholesterol-lowering medication
Day 1Breakfast
Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)
Day 1Snack
Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)
Day 1Lunch
Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)
Day 1Dinner
Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)
Wheat bread (1 pce)
0.2g0mg65kcal
Peanut Butter Energy Bar(1 each)
0.5g0mg230kcal
Grilled ChickenBreast(2 pce)
0g90mg200kcal
Stir Fried Beans(1 cup)
0.1g0mg44kcal
Peanut Butter -Reduced Fat(2 Tbs.)
2.0g0mg162kcal
Country Time Lemonade(2 cup)
0g0mg180kcal
Brown Rice(1 cup)
0.4g0mg218kcal
Sushi Krab Roll (6 pce)
0g3.0mg112kcal
Apple(1 each)
0.1g0mg110kcal
Tangerine(2 pce)
0g0mg104kcal
Non-fat Milk(1 cup)
0.7g4.0mg144kcal
Non-fat Milk(1 cup)
0.7g4.0mg144kcal
Non-fat Milk(1 cup)
0.7g4.0mg144kcal
TOTAL: 3.0g4.0mg481kcal
0.5g0mg410kcal
1.1g94mg666kcal
0.8g7.0mg300kcal
Day 1 Total
• Based on an 1,800 calorie diet• Calculations
- 5.4g = 43.2kcal- 43.2kcal/1857kcal = 0.023- 0.023 X 10 = 0.23% Saturated Fat of total daily calories-105mg of Cholesterol
Lunch Meal PlanDay 2Breakfast
Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)
Day 2Snack
Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)
Day 2Lunch
Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)
Day 2Dinner
Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)
Cereal Chex:Rice(1.25 cup)
0.1g0mg117kcal
Vanilla Energy Bar(1 each)
0.5g0mg230kcal
Fish Fillet(6 oz.)
2.0g44mg152kcal
Fat Free Refried Beans (1 cup)
0g0mg220kcal
Banana(1 each)
0.1g0mg105kcal
Orange Juice (1 cup)
0.1g0mg248kcal
Green Salad(1 cup)
1.2g0mg140kcal
Corn Tortillia(2 6”pce)
0.2g0mg114kcal
Non-fat Milk(1 cup)
0.7g4.0mg144kcal
Non-fat Italian Drs.(2 Tbs.)
0g0mg35kcal
Chunky Salsa(6 Tbs.)
0g0mg60kcal
Non-fat Milk(1 cup)
0.7g4.0mg144kcal
Non-fat Milk(1 cup)
7g4.0mg144kcal
TOTAL: 0.9g4.0mg366kcal
0.6g0mg478kcal
3.9g44mg471kcal
7.2g4mg538kcal
Day 2 Total
• Based on an 1,800 calorie diet• Calculations• - 12.6g = 100.8kcal• - 100.8kcal/1853kcal = 0.054• - 0.054 X 10 = 0.54% Saturated Fat of
total daily calories• -52mg of Cholesterol
4.0mg144kcal
Fish fillet 6oz 2g, 44mg
Day 3Breakfast
Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)
Day 3Snack
Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)
Day 3Lunch
Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)
Day 3Dinner
Sat Fat (g)/Cholesterol (mg)/ Energy (kcal)
Oatmeal(.75 cup)
0.3g0mg97kcal
Dry Roasted Almond(22 each)
1.1g0mg169kcal
Wheat BreadRst. Beef(2 pce each)
.9g25mg180kcal
Light Meat Roasted Turkey (6 oz.)
0.9g59mg264kcal
Non-fatYogurt(8 oz.)
0.2g4mg207kcal
Country Time Lemonade(2 cup)
0g0mg180kcal
Fat Free Cheddar (2pce) Deli Mustard (100g)
0.3g6mg193kcal
Brown Rice(1 cup)
0.4g0mg218kcal
Reg. Inst. Coffee (1 cup)
0g0mg5kcal
Apple(1 each)
0.1g0mg110kcal
Stir Fried Peas(1 cup)
0.1g0mg69kcal
Non-fat Milk(1 cup)
0.7g4.0mg144kcal
Non-fat Milk(1 cup)
0.7g4.0mg144kcal
TOTAL: 0.5g4mg102kcal
1.1g0mg349kcal
2.0g35mg627kcal
2.1g63mg695kcal
Day 3 Total
• Based on an 1,800 calorie diet• Calculations• - 5.7g = 45.6kcal• - 45.6kcal/1773kcal = 0.026• - 0.026 X 10 = 0.26% Saturated Fat of
total daily calories• -102mg of Cholesterol
Questions 1
• The most common symptoms of coronary artery disease are angina and ______.
ANSWER:
• CHEST PAIN
Question 2
• Are men or women more susceptible to cardiovascular disease?
ANSWER:
• Men at a 2:1 ratio to women
Question 3
• Is coronary heart disease:- genetic- environmental- the interaction of both
ANSWER:
• The interaction of both
Resources
• http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/cardiology/coronary-artery-disease/#s0020
• Food Composition Table; McGraw-Hill 2009• http://www.mayoclinic.org/coronary-artery-disease/
treatment.html• http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-healthy-diet/
NU00196• http://
www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/heart-disease-coronary-artery-disease?page=2
• Wardlaw, Gordon M., and Anne M. Smith. Contemporary Nutrition. 8th. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Print.