Cardiopulmonary Cardiopulmonary EmergenciesEmergencies

Cardiac CompromiseCardiac Compromise

Chest painChest pain

DyspneaDyspnea

AnxiousAnxious

NauseaNausea

Abdominal painAbdominal pain

SweatingSweating

Abnormal HR and RRAbnormal HR and RR

Abnormal HRAbnormal HR

BradycardiaBradycardia– Slower than 60 BPMSlower than 60 BPM

TachycardiaTachycardia– Faster than 100 BPM Faster than 100 BPM

PalpitationsPalpitations– Irregular or rapid heart beats that cause Irregular or rapid heart beats that cause

fluttering in the chestfluttering in the chest

Patient CarePatient Care

Place pt in position of comfortPlace pt in position of comfort

High-concentration O2High-concentration O2

Transport IMMEDIATELY if:Transport IMMEDIATELY if:– No hx of cardiac problems, does not have No hx of cardiac problems, does not have

nitroglycerin, or systolic BP < 90nitroglycerin, or systolic BP < 90

NitroglycerinNitroglycerin

Repeat if neededRepeat if needed

Aspirin??Aspirin??

Common Causes Common Causes

Coronary Artery DiseaseCoronary Artery Disease

AneurysmAneurysm

Angina PectorisAngina Pectoris

Congestive Heart FailureCongestive Heart Failure

Acute Myocardial InfarctionAcute Myocardial Infarction

Cardiac ArrestCardiac Arrest

1-2% of calls1-2% of calls

Chain of Survival:Chain of Survival:– Early accessEarly access– Early CPREarly CPR– Early defibrillationEarly defibrillation– Early advanced careEarly advanced care

Adult CPRAdult CPR

Head tilt-chin liftHead tilt-chin lift

Check breathing and give 2 breathsCheck breathing and give 2 breaths

Check carotid pulseCheck carotid pulse

CompressionsCompressions– Hands 2 fingers above the ziphoid processHands 2 fingers above the ziphoid process– 1.5 – 2 inches depth1.5 – 2 inches depth– 100/minute100/minute– Ratio 30:2Ratio 30:2

Child CPRChild CPR

Between 1 year and pubertyBetween 1 year and puberty

Open airway, assess, and give breathsOpen airway, assess, and give breaths

Carotid pulse < 60Carotid pulse < 60

CompressionsCompressions– May use 1 hand for small victimsMay use 1 hand for small victims– 1/3 to 1/2 depth of chest1/3 to 1/2 depth of chest– 100/minute100/minute– 30:2 (1-rescuer) 15:2 (2-rescuer) 30:2 (1-rescuer) 15:2 (2-rescuer)

Infant CPRInfant CPR

Less than 1 year oldLess than 1 year old

Open airway, assess, and give breathsOpen airway, assess, and give breaths

Check brachial pulse < 60bpmCheck brachial pulse < 60bpm

CompressionsCompressions– Place 2 fingers below nipple linePlace 2 fingers below nipple line– 1/3 to 1/2 depth of chest1/3 to 1/2 depth of chest– 100/minute100/minute– 30:2 (1-rescuer) 15:2 (2-rescuer) 30:2 (1-rescuer) 15:2 (2-rescuer)

AEDsAEDs

Verify cardiac arrestVerify cardiac arrest

Start CPR Start CPR

Turn on AEDTurn on AED

Apply AED and clear ptApply AED and clear pt

Press analyzePress analyze

Shock Indicated Shock Indicated

Deliver 1 shockDeliver 1 shock

Perform 2 minutes of CPRPerform 2 minutes of CPR

Press analyzePress analyze

Deliver 1 more shockDeliver 1 more shock

After 3 shocks prepare for transportAfter 3 shocks prepare for transport

No Shock Indicated No Shock Indicated

Perform CPR for 2 minutesPerform CPR for 2 minutes

Press analyze Press analyze