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(5%) in detecting marrow infiltration. Peripheral blood hematologic changes were infrequent even in patients with positive bone marrow biopsy results. Although patients with bone marrow involvement had a shorter median survival (9 weeks) than bone marrow-negative patients (33 weeks) the adverse effect on survival to have been mainly due to the presence of con- comitant metastases at other sites. In- tensive chemotherapy was tolerated to the same degree by bone marrow-positive and bone marrow-negative patients.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology Diagnosis of Meningeal Carcinomatosis in Patients with Small-Cell carcinoma of the Lung. A Study of Interobserver and Intraobserver Variability. Pedersen, A.G., Olsen, J., Nasiell, M. Department of Oncology II, Finsen Institute, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Acta. Cytol. 30: 648-652, 1986.

The interobserver and intraobserver variation in the cytologic diagnosis of malignancy was determined in 62 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 46 patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung. In all patients, lumbar punc- ture was carried out because of suspected central nervous system metastases. Forty CSF specimens from 26 patients with meningeal carcinomatosis and thus with a high probability of a positive CSF cytol- ogy were mixed with 22 specimens from 20 patients without meningeal carcinomatosis. The slides were evaluated blindly by two observers, one of whom evaluated all specimens on two separate occasions; only positive, negative and suspicious conclusions were permitted. The consistency of the intraobserver and interobserver conclusions on the initial CSF specimen in each case was 87%. In 13% of the initial CSF specimens in each case, a suspicious conclusion was reached in one of the three evaluations. For all 62 CSFs, the intraobserver and inter- observer disagreement was 2% and 3%, respectively. In the first and second evaluations by the one observer and the single evaluation by the other, 17 (65%), 15 (58%) and 12 (46%), respectively, of the 26 'high probability' patients were found to have malignant cells in the CSF. CSF cytology was negative in all 20 patients without meningeal carcinomatosis. Of i0 patients with autopsy-proven meningeal carcinomatosis, 40% were not diagnosed while alive. Mul- tiple CSFs from repeated lumbar punctures increased the number of positive evalua- tions by 30%. At least 60% of those patients with a suspicious CSF cytology did in fact have meningeal carcinomatosis. On the other hand, 30% of the patients with a positive lumbar punc- ture had a subsequent negative one.

Urinary Pseudouridine as a Tumor Marker in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer. Tamura, S., Fujii, J., Nakano, T. et al. Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663, Japan. Clin. Chim. Acta. 154: 125-132, 1986.

The urinary concentration of pseudouridine, primarily a degradation product of transfer ribonucleic acid, was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in 22 patients with small cell lung cancer, 30 patients with non- small cell lung cancer, 13 patients with pulmonary infectious diseases and 24 healthy controls. The concentration of pseudouridine in both groups of patients with lung cancer was on the average sig- nificantly higher than that in the patients with pulmonary infectious dis- eases or in healthy controls. Thirteen (59%) of the patients with small cell lung cancer and 8 (27%) of those with non-small cell lung cancer had a urinary pseudouridine level above the mean value plus 2 for the healthy controls. In ii patients followed up during chemotherapy, urinary pseudoridine levels changed al- most in parallel with changes in the clinical responses.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Primary Car- cinoid Tumors of the Lung. Bishopric, G.A. Jr., Ordonez, N.G. Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A. Cancer 58: 1316-1320, 1986.

Antibody staining for car- cinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was used in 31 cases of primary pulmonary carcinoids to assess the presence of this marker as a parameter of clinical behavior. Other parameters have also been studied (size, position, and histologic characteristics) in order to determine their value as determinants of eventual disease outcome. Tumor size and position did not influence the progression of disease. Atypical his- tology was a significant predictor (P = 0.05) of treatment failure. Positive CEA marking was the most strongly significant (P = <0.01) of all studied parameters for predicting treatment failure.

Haptoglobin Groups and Lung Cancer. Beckman, G., Eklund, A., Frohlander, N., Sjernberg, N. Department of Medical Genetics, University of Umea, S-901 85 Umea, Sweden. Hum. Hered. 36: 258-260, 1986.

Haptoglobin groups were investigated in 309 patients with primary lung ancer divided by sex, smoking habit and tumor type. Patients with squamous epithelial cancer and oat-cell cancer showed no sig- nificant difference from normal controls. Among patients with pulmonary adenocar-