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Carbonic Acid
Most groundwater is slightly acidic due to carbonic acid.
Carbonic acid forms when carbon dioxide gas dissolves in water and combines with water molecules.
Groundwater Weathering and DepositionSection 10.2
Groundwater Weathering and DepositionSection 10.2
Dissolution by Groundwater
The processes of dissolving, called dissolution, and precipitation of calcite both play a major role in the formation of limestone caves.
Groundwater Weathering and DepositionSection 10.2
Dissolution by Groundwater
Caves
A natural underground opening with a connection to Earth’s surface is called a cave or cavern.
Dissolution by Groundwater
Caves
As groundwater infiltrates the cracks and joints of limestone formations, it gradually dissolves the adjacent rock and enlarges these passages to form an interconnected network of openings.
Groundwater Weathering and DepositionSection 10.2
CAVES: CARLSBAD CAVERNS
CAVES: MAMMOTH CAVE
Groundwater Weathering and DepositionSection 10.2
Dissolution by Groundwater
Karst topography
A sinkhole is a depression in the ground caused by the collapse of a cave or by the direct dissolution of limestone by acidic water.
KARST TOPOGRAPHY
KARST TOPOGRAPHY
Dissolution by Groundwater
Karst topography
Limestone regions that have sinkholes and disappearing streams are said to have karst topography.
Groundwater Weathering and DepositionSection 10.2
KARST TOPOGRAPHY
SINKHOLES
SINKHOLES
CH
Chemical weathering of limestone by water causes the characteristic topography of karst areas.
Groundwater dissolves limestone and forms underground caves.
Sinkholes form at Earth’s surface when bedrock is dissolved or when caves collapse.
Section 10.2 Groundwater Weathering and Deposition
Study Guide Key Concepts
CH
Irregular topography caused by groundwater dissolution is called karst topography.
The precipitation of dissolved calcite forms stalactites and stalagmites in caves.
Section 10.2 Groundwater Weathering and Deposition
Study Guide Key Concepts
CH
Which statement describes a stalactite in a cave?
a. It builds up from the floor.
b. It connects floor and ceiling.
c. It hangs from the ceiling.
d. It builds on a wall.
10.2 Section Questions
Groundwater
CH
How does a sinkhole form?
10.2 Section Questions
Groundwater
Possible answer: A sinkhole may form as the roof of a cave collapses. A sinkhole may also form where dissolution of limestone occurs at the surface. This may happen if a particular location is affected by more water, is affected by more acidic water, or if the rock is more vulnerable to dissolution.
CH
Pumping too much groundwater can cause the land surface to sink.
10.3 Section Questions
Groundwater
a. true
b. false
CH
Which terms best describe a region of karst topography?
a. flat and featureless
b. sinkholes and caves
c. steep and mountainous
d. rolling and hilly
Chapter Assessment Questions
Groundwater
CH
a. sodium
b. calcium
c. potassium
d. lithium
Which positive ion enters groundwater as a result of the dissolution of limestone by carbonic acid?
Standardized Test Practice
Groundwater