Carbon Intro

8/13/2019 Carbon Intro

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SOLID

crystalline amorphous


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Organic InorganicPrincipal atom

present is

carbon

Composed of othe

atoms aside from

carbon

generally non

electrical

conductor

Bonding is ionicBonding is

covalent generally

electrical

conductor


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CARBON

1. They can form multiple bond(single, double or triple) to

another carbon atom.2. They can form ISOMER

3. They can form stable bond toother atoms such as oxygen, sulfur

nitrogen,halogen and hydrogen


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CARBON

Allotropes

Amorphous


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Allotropes

Amorphous

Form of the sameelement having different

structure


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amorphous


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Graphite

Most stable carbon allotrope

All carbons are sp2 hybridized

Carbon atoms are arranged in

layers in an open honey combpattern


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Graphite

The fully delocalized nature ofthe carbon atoms give rise to its

black color and conductivity

Used as lubricant


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Diamond

Carbon atoms are form aninsulating network of cross

linked cyclohexane chair

conformers

All carbons are sp3 hybridized


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Diamond

The densest and hardestmaterial known

Less stable than graphite

Can be transformed intographite at very temperature


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Diamond

Discovered by Curl, Kroto andSmalley.

A spherical allotrope of carbonin the shape of a soccer ball

Soluble in organic solvents

Buckminster Fullerene (C60)


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A form of carbon that do not

have a crystalline structure

Amorphous Carbon


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Charcoal

Kinds of Amorphous

Carbon

Coke Coal


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CH RCO L Bone black

Made by heating animal

bones and dissolving out

Ca3(PO4)2

Used in refining sugar


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Activated Charcoal

Charcoal that has beenactivated for absorption by

steaming or by heating in avacuum


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Activated Charcoal

produced fromcarbonaceous source

materials such asnutshells, peat, wood, coir,

lignite, coal, and petroleumpitch.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(resin)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(resin)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(resin)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(resin)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat


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used in gas

purification, decaffeination, gold purification, metal

extraction, waterpurification, medicine, se

wage treatment, air

filtersin gas masksand

respirators
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decaffeinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decaffeinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_in_pulphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractive_metallurgyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractive_metallurgyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_maskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_maskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractive_metallurgyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractive_metallurgyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_in_pulphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decaffeinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decaffeinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution


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2 types of activated charcoal

The fine powderis good at

diffusing in

water, so it isused in solution

or liquid related

industries

fine powder pills or flakes.

used in gas-

purifying industries

/ products; such

as, air purifier,poisonous gas

preventor , and

cigarette butt,


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Wood Charcoal

Produced through destructive

distillation of wood.


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dark grey residue consistingof carbon, and any

remaining ash, obtained byremoving water and other

volatile constituents

from animaland vegetationsub

stances.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon


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produced by slow pyrolysis,the heating of woodor other

substances in the absenceof oxygen
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolysis


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produced by slow pyrolysis,the heating of woodor other

substances in the absenceof oxygen
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolysis


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less dense than activatedcharcoal


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CO La combustible black or

brownish-black sedimentary

rock usually occurringin rock strata in layers or

veins called coalbedsor coal seams


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CO LCoal is composed

primarily of carbon along

with variable quantities

of other elements,

chiefly hydrogen, sulfur,oxygen and nitrogen


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CO Lextracted from the

ground by coal mining ,

either underground

by shaft mining, or at

ground level by open pitmining extraction.


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CO Llargest source of energy

for the generation of

electricity worldwide, as

well as one of the largest

worldwide sourcesof carbon dioxide releases


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CO Llargest source of energy

for the generation of

electricity worldwide, as

well as one of the largest

worldwide sourcesof carbon dioxide releases


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Types of Coal

has the lowest carbon

content. It has less energyand heat content. It's major

use lies in producing syntheticnatural gas and generating

fertilizers.

Lignite


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Types of Coal

has the sufficient heating

value. 80% of bituminous coalis used for the purpose of

generating electricity and themajor support behind textile

and plastic industries.

Bituminous coal


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The carbon content ofbituminous coal is around 60-

80%; the rest is composed of

water, air, hydrogen, and

sulfur.

E i f Bi i


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Extraction of Bituminous

coal demands the highest

safety procedures involving

attentive gas monitoring,

good ventilation and vigilantsite management.


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known for releasing the

largest amounts of firedamp,a dangerous mixture of gases

that can cause undergroundexplosions..


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is a hard, compact variety ofmineral coal that has a

high luster. It has thehighest carbon content, the

fewest impurities, and thehighest calorific content of all

types of coals

Anthracite coal


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the carbon content is between92.1% and 98%

The moisture content of fresh-

mined anthracite generally isless than 15 percent.

Documents

Carbon Intro