Carbon Based Life

Alkanes

Organic Chemistry

Table of ContentsLecture/Lab/Activity Date Pg#22. The Periodic Table 9/24/10 47

23. Periodic Def & Trends 9/27/10 4924. Electron config practice 10/4/10 5125. Ions and Oxidation Numbers 10/5/10 5326. Lewis Dot Diagram 10/6/10 5427. Intro to Chemical Bonding 10/7/10 5728. Covalent Bonding 10/12/10 6129. Ionic Bonding 10/14/10 6130. Ionic vs. Covalent Lab 10/18/10 6331. Metallic Bonding 10/19/10 6132. Molecular Geometry 10/21/10 6433. Writing Chemical Formulas 10/25/10 6734. Naming Ionic Compounds 10/26/10 6935. Ionic Compounds Puzzle 10/27/10 7136. Naming Molecular Compounds 10/29/10 7337.Acid Nomenclature 11/03/10 7538. Organic Chemistry – Alkanes 11/04/10 77

Objective:The student will record lecture notes on Hydrocarbons and document how to use the IUPAC nomenclature rules to name Alkanes

Agenda:Organic Chemistry– Lecture

70% of cytoplasm is water96% of Cell is CHNOKSCarbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen,

potassium, sulfur5,000 different compoundsOnly has to absorb a few nutrients to

synthesize all of these.Can make most everything they need

Chemical Composition of Cell

Contain carbonHave covalent bondsHave low melting pointsHave low boiling pointsBurn in air (oxygen)Are soluble in nonpolar solventsForm large molecules

Organic Compounds

Contain only carbon and hydrogenMay contain single, double or triple bonds

between carbon atomsC C C=C or C CPrimary compounds present in petroleum

HYDROCARBONS

Contain C and H onlyContain single bonds C-CHave 4 bonds to every carbon (C) atomAre nonpolar

Alkanes

Show the bonds between each of the atoms

CH4 , methane

Complete Structural Formulas

More AlkanesCondensed Structural FormulasEthane

CH3 CH3

PropaneCH3 CH2 CH3

IUPAC NamesName #

carbons Structural Formula

Methane 1 CH4

Ethane 2 CH3CH3

Propane 3 CH3CH2CH3

Butane 4 CH3CH2CH2CH3

Pentane 5 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

Hexane 6 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Heptane 7 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Octane 8 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Nonane 9 CH3 CH2 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Decane 10 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

A. What is the condensed formula for

B. What is its molecular formula?

C. What is its name?

Learning Check Alk1

A. CH3CH2CH2CH3

B. C4H10

C. butane

Solution Alk1

Combustion

alkane + O2 CO2 + H2O + heat

Products are always CO2 and H2O

Reactions of Alkanes

Complete and balance the reaction for the complete combustion of C7H16

Step 1C7H16 + O2 CO2 + H2O

Step 2C7H16 + O2 7 CO2 + 8 H2O

Step 3C7H16 + 11 O2 7 CO2 + 8 H2O

Learning Check Alk3