CAPMAS - Egypt

¡ Introduction

¡ Experience of CAPMAS to study povertyphenomenon

¡ Why HIECS?

¡ Future Contribution

Eradication all types of poverty is one of the SustainableDevelopment Goals (SDGs) indicators of the United Nations.

Why Multidimensional Poverty?

Poverty is not only monetary metrics but there is a global trend todefine poverty as the lack of access to services or deprivation inother aspects of life such as

Education Health Access

Standard of Livings Child Malnutrition

¡ It is believed that in order to reduce poverty, bothmonetary and non-monetary poverty should beconsidered.

¡ CAPMAS calculated MPI as a trial using OPHI’smethodology.

¡ In addition to the traditional three dimensions ofpoverty; health, education and living standards, afourth dimension of monetary poverty is introduced.

Education

Years of Schooling

School Attendance

Health

Health Access

Child Malnutrition

Standard of Living

Electricity

Water

Sanitation

Flooring

Assets

Cooking Fuel

Poverty MonetaryConsumption is not sufficient to

attain basic needs

¡ Analysis of MPI shows the concentration ofmulti-dimensional poor in different regions orgovernorates, and the contribution of eachindicator in the overall index of povertymultidimensional.

¡ Percentage of people who are poor anddeprived in each indicator according to Urban/Rural Areas and Regions

¡ MPI calculated by CAPMAS is based onhousehold’s income, expenditure andconsumption survey (HIECS 2015).

Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI=H*A)

Percentage of Poor People (H) at k=33%

Average intensity Across the Poor (A)

Percentage of Severe Poor at k=55%

0.046 11.2% 41.4% 0.4%

Preliminary Findings

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

MPI Poor Monetary Poor

11.2

27.8%

Figure 1: Percentage of Poor People

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

Urban Rural Total

6.1

15.0

11.2

%

Figure 2: Percentage of Multidimensional Poor According to Urban/ Rural Areas

Preliminary Findings

Figure 3: Percentage of Multidimensional Poor According to Regions

6.13.2

6.89.2

25.5

6.7

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

UrbanGovernorate

Lower Egypt(Urban)

Lower Egypt(Rural)

Upper Egypt(Urban)

Upper Egypt(Rural)

FrontierGovernorates

Preliminary Findings

¡ HIECS provides data for monetary and non-monetarypoverty.

¡ HIECS is a multi-topic survey that covers:ü Household characteristics: Demographiccharacteristics, education status, employment status,disability,

ü Household’s access to basic amenities,ü Household’s ownership of assets and durables,ü Household Consumption of food and non fooditems including health and education

ü Food securityü Shocks and coping strategies,ü Anthropological measures of children below 5 yearsof age.

¡ The survey is conducted every two years.[Follow up the change of characteristics ofpoor people in a short period of time]

¡ In 2015, The sample size is 25000 households.

¡ The sample is stratified cluster sample, and itis nationally representative at urban and ruralareas and the level of governorates.

HIECS survey is frequently used by policy makers toA. measure well-being indicators on :1. Monetary Poverty, 2. Pro-poor growth,3. social cash transfers and contributory pension,4. households’ uses of energy, 5. food security,6. Multidimensional poverty.B. Assessment of existing targeting mechanismsWho benefit from government cash transfers?Who benefit from government subsidies?C. Impact of social programsHow much impact do/will they have on poverty?D. Two targeting mechanisms are based on household surveysPoverty mapProxy means testing

¡ CAPMAS will calculate MPI using HIECSsurvey 2017/2018, where the questionnaire isimproved such that:

ØThe sample size became 26000 householdsØThe question of child mortality is addedØThe section of health is improved by addingmore questions

¡ Food security will be added as a dimension.