Cancer. Who gets cancer? One million each year ____ men 1/3 women Any age –However, 77% dx ages 55 + Incidence rate varies

Cancer

Who gets cancer?

• One million each year

• ____ men

• 1/3 women

• Any age– However, 77% dx ages 55 +

• Incidence rate varies

What Causes Cancer?• Primary Contributors:

– Behavior & Lifestyle• Smoking • Diet • ____________• Exposure to ultraviolet light• Sexual Behavior

• Other Contributors:– Genetics– Environment

What is Cancer?

• Out-of-control growth of abnormal cells

• Damaged _______– Can be inherited– Can be environment

• Forms as a tumor (usually)– Not all tumors are cancerous– e.g., ___________ (non-cancerous)

tumors

• 2nd leading cause of death in U.S.

Common Cancer Types

•________________•Bladder•Breast•Colon & Rectal •Endometrial•Kidney (Renal Cell)•Leukemia

•Lung •Melanoma•Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma•Pancreatic•Prostate•Thyroid

What can you do?

• The risk of developing most types of cancer can be reduced by changes in a person’s ____________.

• Today, millions are either living with or have been cured of the disease.

• The sooner cancer is found and treatment begins, the better the chances of being cured.

Melanoma

• Joshua Keller

Skin Cancer• One of the more common cancers• Three basic types: Squamous cell, Basal

cell, and Melanoma• Melanoma – Begins in ____________, which

are cells that are responsible for our pigment which is called melanin.

(The Melanoma Research Foundation)

Melanoma

• Most ____________ cancer of the skin• Melanocytes• Lower Epidermis• Melanin Production

5 Stages• Stages 1-2 are still dealing with epidermis• By stage 3 the cancer has metastasized to the

________ _________• By stage 4 cancer has spread to multiple

organs• By stage 5 the body is overwhelmed with the

cancer

What to Look for

• Learn what to look for.• __________ (Nevi) are normal

(on average between 10 and 40)• Potential melanoma

( Know Your ABCD’s)

ABCD’sAsymmetricalBorder Irregularity__________ varied Diameter larger

(The Melanoma Research Foundation)

Facts• Can occur on any skin surface• Also occurs in other ____________• More likely in __________-skinned

Caucasians• Increased risk as you age• One of the most common cancers among

young people

http://www.cancerventer.com

http://www.cancerventer.com/

More facts• Epidemic growth at 3% every year• Melanoma 5% of all skin cancers• Currently more new cases each year than

____________• Why such an increase?

• Sun exposure• More sun exposure(The Melanoma Research Foundation)

Increasing Risk•Severe Sunburns•Tanning Misconceptions•Fair skin

•www.cancer.gov/newscenter/individualmelanoma

Important!!!!!!

• Remember ____________• Limit sun exposure• Consistently check your body

Breast Cancer

Jenni Sanders

Risk Factors

o Age: very uncommon ___________________

o Family history: higher if her mother, sister, or daughter had it before 40

o Obesity: higher levels of estrogen in these women

National Cancer Institute. (2003). What you need to know about breast cancer. (NIH Publication No. 03-1556). Bethesda, MD: U.S.


o Physical inactivity: ↓ activity ↑ risk

o ________ beverages: ↑ __________ intake ↑ risk

o Others: personal history, reproductive and menstrual history, race, radiation exposure, taking DES

Risk Factors Cont.

Diagnostics

o Mammogram, MRI, PET, Ultrasonography, Biopsy~MRI is the new leader in detection

for women with hereditary risk (Robson and Offit, 2004)

o Self-Exam~Monthly~Does not replace regular screening


http://www.mri.jhu.edu/~dbluemke/Breast_MRI_pic.html

Diagnostics Cont.

o Clinical Breast Examo Symptoms

~Lump or thickening in breast or underarm areas

~_______________~Change in appearance~Fluid


Stages

o Stage 0: ~ Lobular~ Ductal

o Stage 1: ~ Tumor is no more

than 2cm, cells contained in breast only

o Stage 2: ~ No more than 2cm,

___________ has occurred, or

~ Tumor size 2-5cm, may have spread, or

~ Tumor is larger than 5cm, no spreading

National Cancer Institute. (2003). What you need to know about breast cancer (NIH Publication No. 03-1556). Bethesda, MD: U.S.


o Stage 3:~ May be large but no

spreading, called “____________ cancer”• IIIa: spreading to

underarm lymph nodes

• IIIb: tumor has grown into chest wall or skin of the breast

• IIIc: more lymph node spreading other than underarm nodes

o Stage 4: ~ ____________ cancer~ Other parts of body

affected

Stages Cont.

Treatments

o ____________ therapy: surgery and radiation~ Surgery is the most common

•Includes lumpectomy or mastectomy options

~ Radiation usually after surgery


Treatments Cont.

o ____________ therapy: chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, biological therapy~ Chemotherapy: drugs injected or a pill~ Hormonal therapy:

• Use of a drug to block estradiol• Surgery to remove ovaries

~ Biological therapy• Herceptin: a monoclonal antibody


Statistics

o “A woman’s chance of being diagnosed with breast cancer is:

• from age 30 through age 39 . . . . . . 0.44 percent (often expressed as “1 in 229”)



• from age 60 through age 69 . . . . . . 3.82 percent (often expressed as “1 in 26”) .”

American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2005-2006. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, Inc.

Statistics Cont.

0102030405060708090

100

0 I IIA IIB IIIA IIIB IV

stage

percent survival

Statistics Cont.

oOverall Survival Rate • After 5 years- 88%• After 10 years- 80%• After 15 years- 71%• After 20 years- ____%

American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2005-2006. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, Inc.

Cancer Prevention

Elizabeth Hill

General Prevention

_______________________: DFN- the use of natural or synthetic

substances to reduce the risk of developing cancer or to reduce the chance that cancer will recur.

National Cancer Institute (http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopicss/factsheet/Prevention/chemoprevention)

General Prevention cont.

____________ and Cancer Prevention: compounds slow or prevent the growth of tumor cells

Red Wine & Cancer Prevention:Polyphenols

National Cancer Institue (http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet

Breast Cancer Prevention

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)DFN- drugs that have some anti-estrogen

properties and some estrogen-like properties

Breast Cancer Prevention cont.

Tamoxifen-Breast Cancer Prevention trial


Preventive mastectomy

DFN- surgery to remove one or both ____________ in effort to

prevent or reduce the risk of breast cancer


Procedures Involved Total mastectomy _____________________ mastectomy

-Reduce risk by about 90%

Information on the past four slides was obtained from:National Cancer Institute (http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/breast/Patient/page2)

Skin Cancer Prevention

Limit direct sun exposure between ___ am to 4pm

Cover up Use sunscreen w/

SPF of 15 or higher

Skin Cancer Prevention Cont.

Wear sunglasses that block UV rays

Avoid tanning __________________________

Information on the past two slides was retrieved from:

(http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/ped_7_1_Skin_Cancer_Detection_What _You_Can_Do.asp?sitearea=PED

http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/ped_7_1_Skin_Cancer_Detection_What

http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/ped_7_1_Skin_Cancer_Detection_What

Tips for Daily Cancer Prevention

1. Stop Smoking!

2. Eat a healthy diet

3. Use alcohol in moderation

Tips for Daily Cancer Prevention

4. Avoid exposure to UV rays

5. Exercise ____________

6. Recognizing occupational & environmental hazards

Information on the past two slides wasretrieved from:Journal of the American Medical Association(Ovid: Torpy:JAMA, Volume291(20).May 26, 2004.2510

http://www.webshots.com/g/33/624-sh/41250.html

Documents

Cancer. Who gets cancer? One million each year ____ men 1/3 women Any age –However, 77% dx ages 55 + Incidence rate varies