Cambodia 2011 - City in Crisis Projects

1CITY IN CRISIS2010 - 2011CAMBODIAAALTO UNIVESITY

AALTO UNIVERSITY - SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - Department of Architecture - City in Crisis 2010 / 2011

Students :

Flix BOURGEAU / FRValrie CINA / S

Marie-Astrid CHAVANES / FRNasstassia FAVALLE/ IT-FI

Mikko JUVONEN / FI Maria KLEMETTI / FI

Inka KYT / FIMaria LUND / NO

Fredrik M. ONARHEIM / NOJens RASMUSSEN / SW

Myriam TREIBER / FR

Teachers :

Helena SANDMANAouli PUHAKKA

Humphrey KALANJETaru NISKANENIlona MANSIKKAInari VIRKKALA

6INTRODUCTION

CITY IN CRISIS I - AUTUMN 2010 - exercices - content -

CITY IN CRISIS II - SPRING 2011 - about the course -

PREPARATION AND FIELD TRIP - Preliminary Work - - Feeling Cambodia -

PROJECTS - Do it yourself - - Route to read - - The womens network - - Community center in Oudong -

SUMMARY

7THANK YOU :To the NGO STT (Sahmakum Teang Tnaut), for giving us the opportunity to discover Phnom Pen urban context throught the workshop A city for all ; To the khmer architect students for working with us. It was a great experience to work together and learn from each others.

8INTRODUCTIONCity in Crisis is a course given at Department of Architecture of the Aalto University School of Science and Technology since 1993. It was created to make student aware of issues concerning urbnisation in developing countries.

During the 10 first years, the design studio was organized in Africa - Rufisque, Benin and Grand Popo in particular. Then from 2008, a group of student has been travelling every year to Cambodia.

The course is organized on the whole year, and the program is devided between the two semestres. During the automn period are given tasks and lectures about development, and issues in

the third world. The students are acquainted to vernacular principle all over the world. Then the aim of the spring semestre is to focus on a specific example. Lectures were given about Cambodia development and issues. At the end of February 2011, we travelled to Cambodia to start an urban planning project in Phonm Pen, capital of the country.

The reality of architecture, building and urban planning and design outside Europe, with cultural understanding as the point of departure. The historical, socio-economic and cultural development of emerging nations with local vernacular principles.

Official course description, [ht tps:/ /noppa.aalto.f i /noppa/kurssi/a-36.3503/esite], retrieved December, 2011

10

CITY IN CRISIS ITHE COURSEIn the first semestre of the course lectures were organized to make us familiar to issues about development in the third world. It introduced us to other planning problems than found in Europe. Through small tasks during the course, we studied vernacular architecture, different climate zones, globalization, climate change and sustainable development. We also got to know each other as a group to share ideas about these difficult questions that most of us were studying for the first time. We read at least one book each that we presented to each other. One of the books that

inspired us most is Small Change: About the art of practice and the limit of planning by Nadeel Hamdi. The author was trying to tackle the development issues through the participativ angle a project can start with. This was a good book to us to understand how important it is to build a project from peoples need and culture, and not from the designer wish.

11

EXERCICE I - Make your international CV and introduce yourself to the class.

EXERCICE II - Read a book about urban development in southern emisphere and present it to the class.

EXERCICE III - Learn about vernacular architecture in one of the 7 climates.

12

PREPARATION AND FIELD TRIP

The second semestre was focusing on the specific example of cambodian culture and developement. Lectures were about issues that matter in this country : water, history, political system and urban context, previous experiences from the course. This helped us to know more about the country we were soon going to travel to.We left Finland to travel to Cambodia in February 2011.We first spent few days in Siem Reap touristing and discovering the local culture. We visited the Angkor temple which are a strong symbol Cambodian

are hooked on. We visited the Tonle Sap lake and Villages on stilts. The 2nd and 3rd week were spent in Phnom Penh. We worked with local architect students in a workshop called City For All. STT (Sahmakum Teang Tnaut) the organizer of the workshop deals as an NGO with urban poor communities. Part of there activities were to make survey about vpoor communities under threat of eviction scattered in the city center. They were advocating to try to make poor people rights to be respected. This workshop was a great experience and our collaboration with local student was a good way to approach the local culture. We were sensibilized to Phnom Pen urban context through lectures by local actors and visits of different places in the city :

the Boeung Kak Lake, relocation sites, the new town called Camko City... We met NGOs and chose main themes they were focusing on to start with our own projects. Thats explaining why the projects developped are so various.

CITY IN CRISIS II

14

Contemporary Ecological buildingsFredrik & JensExamples of successful contemporary ecological buildings in similar climate zones, applied sus-tainable construction and design principles, venti-lation systems etc

Religion and TraditionNastassja & Marie-AstridAn introduction to the religions of ancient and to-days Cambodia.

Life between buildings and roadsMaria & MariaAn introduction to the urban life of Phnom Penh and its suburbs. Also the street life, market places, green spaces and more where discussed.

PRELIMINARY WORK

15

Transportations and TrafficMyriam & ValerieAirports, harbours, roads and other infra-structure where presented and the lack of public transport such as subway or trams where discussed.

Sources of LivelihoodFelix & InkaInformal and formal, legitimate and illegiti-mate: craft business, small scale industries, farming and urban agriculture, waste recy-cling, selling goods and services, tourism services, sex industry etc.

Education and health careMirja & MikkoThere are many problems within Education, health care and social services. Education is not officially compulsory and corruption has reach in to the schooling system. Girls and poor are under represented in the schools.

FEELING CAMBODIAFlix BOURGEAU /

31

DO IT YOURSELF Mikko JUVONEN /

Jens RASMUSSEN / Flix BOURGEAU /

Fredrik MARTENS ONARHEIM /

32

DO IT YOURSELFSMALL CHANGE FOR UPGRADING YOUR SURROUNDINGS

33

DO IT YOURSELF

35

The title, Small Change, captures three important principles that recur throughout: Small Change: small because thats usually how big things starts; change , because thats what development is essentially about; and small change, because this can be done without the millions typically spent on programmes and projects.

- Nabeel Hamdi

37

STT (the NGO) arranged a meeting with the community Satrey Klangsang. In this photo Cheav Cheny (the community leader) is showing us the map of the community.

Existing small scale agriculture in the Satrey Klangsang.

The community is constantly growing and upgrading the area is im-portant for them not to be evicted.

Children where playing in the streets during the day and some of them went to school during the evening.

They were happy and lived in harmony in their community and with their neighbours.

Tuk tuk driving is one of the main income sources in Satrey Klang-sang.

This is one of the houses in poor condition.

This is the existing community house where they have meetings and evening school. The closest official school is 1,5km away.

MEETING SATREY KLANGSANG

38

10m 50m

1

73

2

5

4

6

Satrey Klangsang, 1-1000

PROBLEMS

39

WasteWaste that is not collected and recycled for money is thrown in a big pile. Around the pile vegetation is dying and the water becomes polluted from the eduction of the garbage.

Roads / StreetsThe streets in the community is in quite poor conditions. They consist mostly of compressed earth and sand and are quite narrow at some places. During the rainy period the streets are flooded and muddy. During the dry season the streets become very dusty.

Public Space / Private SpaceTodays community house is located in a private house. They dont really have any public space that they share. Therefore there is a potential need for a new community center and also if possible a public square.

ContaminationThe lake is contaminated by the factories and human garbage.

SewageThere is no sewage system and during the wet season the human waste floods the streets and goes in to the lake.

FloodingWhen the wet season come the lake floods in to half of the village.

Poor peopleAverage income in this community is less than $2.50. The biggest expenses they have is food and housing. The most common work is garment worker, tuk tuk driver or morning glory collector.

1

7

3

2

5

4

6

40

Accessible by carAccessible by TouktoukAccessible by motorcycleAccessible by walk

Main roadsNarrow roads

Accessibility

Map shows which areas of the village are accessible by walk, motorcycle, tuk tuk and car. Most of the area is ac-cessible by as much as a tuktuk, but mostly the streets are to narrow for a car, and only the northern area is suited for cars.

OUTPUT: where to place public functions which can de-mand cars; like market.

Traffic

The village is connected to the Phnom Penh city center (5km away) by Highway 5, which is between the commu-nity and the river in the east. From the paved highway, the streets that are within the village consists mostly of compressed earth and sand. The streets are quite narrow at some places.

OUTPUT: which roads to upgrade

ANALYSIS

41

LakeAgriculture (morning glory)

Lake in rain seasonLake in dry season

Agriculture

Map shows where the community harvest vegetables like morning glory today. We can also see there are some open lots on the map that are not in use today.

OUTPUT: demand and potential for small scale agriculture

Flooding

The map shows flooding during wet season and dry sea-son. Half the village is flooded during wet season, and houses are to some extent filled with water from the lake.

OUTPUT: some remedy is needed

42

What are our motives?

During the study year on city crisis we have learned about giving something of our little knowledge to those who due to poorness or otherwise poor conditions do not possess the same possibilities as we in the industrialized Europe.

Why participatory planning?

Working in foreign countries and cultures we should really be able to adapt ourselves to the local conditions and learn by listening and respecting the local users and their needs and wishes.

Why this project?

We are working with real people in a real community and trying to offer them keys to improve their own envi-ronment and conditions. Visiting the site and meeting the community lead-er and the residents gave us a lot of information about their life, problems and wishes. This is how the project re-ally got started.

DISCUSSION

43

How to continue with the project in Finland?

We had a site, problems and analysis. A lot of information had to be assumed and estimated from photographs or memories. We started finding solu-tions for the problems, several op-tions usually. Since we had merely no connection to the people of the com-munity or even the NGO, we lost the participatory sense of planning. With several upgrade solutions on hand, having weak data of the local situa-tion and no discussion with the locals we started feeling like typical western planners who push their own opinions and visions abroad.

Can we really help?

We finally found a way of bringing the participatory part back to the project and also a way that wouldnt bind the work only on this project. This is where we introduce the open-source manual for communal and housing upgrades with simple and well-tried design solutions to inspire people to upgrade their conditions themselves with cheap, simple to use solutions. The manual contains 5 main catego-ries with design solutions from sewer systems to planting a mango tree and blank formulas for the users to write down their solutions. The main idea

is to give a push for spreading knowledge inside the community, between the community and even further, to motivate people to help themselves.

NEVER SAY CANTIf you find yourself saying cant you are probably on the wrong path. You are looking at the problem the wrong way. You need to turn it all upside down and look at it all from a different angle, a different point of view- maybe not your own. This is where participation counts.

- Nabeel Hamdi, Small Change

44

New water levelLakeOverflow ditchTonle sap river

45

This community is heavily effected by the raise of the water level during wet season. The flooding is a source for many of the problems in this area. The water flows into the existing pit toilets and floods the sewer into the streets and homes. The water also destroys the streets every year, and fills them with pieces of concrete, litter and other waste. One of the biggest problems when taking on such a prob-lem is the amount of assumptions we have to make to find a solution. By analysing the topography on site and

using the photos we took there, we re-alized that the river east of the site is on a considerably lower point than the lake, and by that making it possible to lead unwanted water from the lake into the river by using a overflow ditch or pipe. The map shows the ditch as a dotted line, and as we can see, this operation can be done without demol-ishing any houses. The deepest point of the ditch would be under Highway 5, where it could be in a pipe three meters under ground. The problem with this is that we would have to as-

sume that the lake is isolated, and not connected to other lakes. The line on the lake shows where the new wa-ter level can be with the overflow ditch system. This system is something the whole village would be interested in, and could help bring the community together.

FLOODING

46

Road to upgradeOther roads

47

One of the main problems the com-munity presented to us is the quality of the roads. To remedy the issue of mud and dust we suggest upgrading the roads that are marked on the map in the community. These roads are the most central roads, and they connect most of the houses, while opening for a good circulation within the commu-nity. Some of the outlined roads and are also suited for other infrastruc-tural upgrades like sewer etc. This makes the operation of upgrading the roads and sewer simultaneously eas-ier and cheaper. While remaking the

surface of the road, we should also think of how the roads can lead the rain water from the urban area. The area is quite dense, and with a new non-absorbing road material, there are not many places in the village that can soak up the surface water. Our suggestion is therefore to lead the water, using the roads, into the lake. There are different options on how to do this; a higher point in the middle, so leading the water in drains on the side of the road. This could provide water for plants under long eves. The other option is a lower point in the

middle, so leading the water either on the surface, or under the surface combined with the sewer system. The illustrations show the options with a lower point in the middle of the road. The upgrading of the roads could be something the whole village would be interested in, and could help bring the rich and poor in the community to-gether.

ROADS

View of upgraded street

48

Bamboo and reeds (grey water filter)LakeSewage pipeTreatment tank

49

The non existing sewer system in the area is also on the communitys top to-do list. By looking into different systems, such as pit toilets, closed flush-toilet systems, etc, we conclud-ed that several alternatives could be possible in this case, and that it has to depend on available budget, and participation from the end users. Our choice would be a closed anaerobic system. This system includes a new sewer line through the main roads, and it would be smart to install this system while upgrading the roads. The closed sewer line ends up in a series of chambers that processes

the feces so the end products are ef-fective fertilizer for small scale agri-culture and bio-gas that can be used for cooking or street lights etc. These products can be used in the public space for a community kitchen and to light up the place. This, and the fact that everyone in the village would be interested in having a clean and non-smelling system can strengthen the community feeling of the area.

SEWER Gas release

Scum

Liquid

Sludge

Inlet Outlet

Gas release

SEPTIC TANK ANAEROBIC FILTER

Anaerobic sewer system

51

Organic waste

Organic waste

Faeces

Manure

Gas

SludgeSludge + Leaves

FoodFood market Labour

Food Food

Food

Self sufficiency of the community

Some of the community members is actually picking the morning glory from the lake to sell them. This plant grows up easily on this contaminated lake, it doesnt need any help. The idea is to give them the opportunity to be more self sufficient by creating small scale agriculture in the village. In this example a swamp area on the North-East of the community is filled by the earth of the Northern part of the lake. This creates some place for

a vegetable garden and a deeper lake to open a fish farm. The old pig factory is reopened as a pig and chicken farm for the community. Those animals helps the inhabitants to be more self sufficient in different ways, they eat the organic waste (85%), they produce food (eggs, meat, fish) and they help to create fertilizer. The Northern part of the vegetable garden is considered as the commu-nity garden owned and maintained

by all. The southern part is divided in small family plots that can be rented by anyone from the village. The vegeta-ble and meat that is produced by the community can be sold on the market (public space) to the rest of the village.

AGRICULTURE

525m 25mPlan for new public building, 1:500

53

We have made a proposal for how the community can build a new build-ing and where they should place it. This building should include public functions like a communal kitchen, public toilets, recycling center, street lights, general shading and protection from rain. The biogas from the new sewer system provides energy for the kitchen and the streetlights. This could would also be a practical place to eventually have the market selling local products.

COMMUNITY CENTER

Location for the new public building

View from south of the new public space

55

ROUTE TO READValrie CINA /

Marie-Astrid CHAVANES /Maria KLEMETTI /

56

ROUTE

READ

TO

57

ROUTE

READ

TO

58

Phnom Penh is divided into 8 Khans (Khmer term for district). Toul Kork is one of the four inner Khans.

Analyses

Wat

Ne

akvo

n

Rich

/ Up

per m

iddle

class

Lowe

r midd

le cla

ss /

mixe

d (sh

ops,.

..)

Poor

comm

unitie

s (de

nse)

Poor

comm

unitie

s (ric

her)

Gated

comm

unitie

s

Analy

tic m

ap of

the S

ocial

Clas

ses

Keys

0

100

200

300

N

59

Phnom Penh is divided into 8 Khans (Khmer term for district). Toul Kork is one of the four inner Khans.

Analyses

Wat

Ne

akvo

n

Rich

/ Up

per m

iddle

class

Lowe

r midd

le cla

ss /

mixe

d (sh

ops,.

..)

Poor

comm

unitie

s (de

nse)

Poor

comm

unitie

s (ric

her)

Gated

comm

unitie

s

Analy

tic m

ap of

the S

ocial

Clas

ses

Keys

0

100

200

300

N

This area is mainly inhabited by the upper class with huge gated houses. There is also Middle class, with denser housing often mixed with shops. Poor communities are settled in unused, unplanned lefto-vers.

The traf c is greatly in uenced by the housing distribution: quiet street in the rich area, heavy traf c with lots of movement next to in-dustries, shops, universities. There are really few mainly pedestrians street: along the railway lines, be-cause quite narrow and unpaved.

The number of lacks is shrinking, and lots of them have already been lled up. But they are still mainly connected to each other. So the ooding management is depend-ent on the whole network.Otherwise, the planned body of water are limited to restricted-ac-cess space.

Analy

tic m

ap of

the T

raffic

Keys

Stree

t with

asph

alt or

ceme

nt p

avem

ent

Stree

t with

out p

avem

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nd/g

rave

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t

Quiet

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ic str

eet

Heav

y tra

ffic st

reet

Main

ly pe

destr

ial ar

ea

Railw

ay

0

100

200

300

N

Wat

Ne

akvo

n

Rich

/ Up

per m

iddle

class

Lowe

r midd

le cla

ss /

mixe

d (sh

ops,.

..)

Poor

comm

unitie

s (de

nse)

Poor

comm

unitie

s (ric

her)

Gated

comm

unitie

s

Analy

tic m

ap of

the S

ocial

Clas

ses

Keys

0

100

200

300

N

Analy

tic m

ap of

the W

ater N

etwor

k

Keys

Lake

s

Orne

ment

al lak

es

Pools

Boeu

ng K

ak la

ke fil

led up

with

sand

Part

of lak

e fille

d up

PipeP

umpin

g stat

ion

Conn

ectio

n betw

een t

he

parts

of th

e lak

e

0

100

200

300

N

60

Really few public spaces or green spaces - or even public shaded spot - are accessible and in good conditions. Most of the maintained green spaces have a restricted ac-cess. The open green spaces are usually not accessible because un-planned, not intended to be a pub-lic green space.

Lots of schools and universities are established there, mainly private and enclosed. Of cial departments and ministries are settled there, as well as some public facilities, like hospitals, or temple.

The different types of zones are separated from each other, most of the spaces in the city have a limited access.

In the area is lots of diversity spaces, but no connection and physical passage between the di-verse parts. There is a huge lack of public spaces.

Analy

tic m

ap of

the g

reen s

pace

s and

their

acce

ssibi

lity

0

100

200

300

N

Low

vege

tation

that

grow

arou

nd th

e wate

r

Main

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d gr

een s

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nivers

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ith hi

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Orne

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Wat

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Healt

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Analy

tic m

ap of

the S

ocial

Clas

ses

Keys

0

100

200

300

N

61

Really few public spaces or green spaces - or even public shaded spot - are accessible and in good conditions. Most of the maintained green spaces have a restricted ac-cess. The open green spaces are usually not accessible because un-planned, not intended to be a pub-lic green space.

Lots of schools and universities are established there, mainly private and enclosed. Of cial departments and ministries are settled there, as well as some public facilities, like hospitals, or temple.

The different types of zones are separated from each other, most of the spaces in the city have a limited access.

In the area is lots of diversity spaces, but no connection and physical passage between the di-verse parts. There is a huge lack of public spaces.

Analy

tic m

ap of

the g

reen s

pace

s and

their

acce

ssibi

lity

0

100

200

300

N

Low

vege

tation

that

grow

arou

nd th

e wate

r

Main

taine

d gr

een s

pace

s of

the u

nivers

ity, w

ith hi

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ees

Lake

s

gree

n spa

ces

Orne

ment

al lak

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Pools

Boeu

ng K

ak la

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filled

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ith sa

nd

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spac

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limite

d

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ss b

ecau

se no

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ning

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d ac

cess

to th

e Univ

ersitie

sNo ac

cess

- Pr

ivate

gard

ens

vege

tation

ben

efits

the s

treet

No ac

cess

- W

all

Lion P

ark

Empt

y plot

s - sp

ace

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tries,

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ries

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sterie

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icial

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Publi

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Unive

rsitie

s

Scho

ols

Wat

Neak

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Healt

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Analy

tic m

ap of

the S

ocial

Clas

ses

Keys

0

100

200

300

N

System

Education is lacking in Cambodia; or rather, what is lacking is an egal-itarian system, where everybody could access education regularly, and not only the richer part of the population.

ROUTE TO READ would like to implement a parallel method to the existing educational system, to give a chance to everyone to ac-cess education, education through reading.

Using the concept of conducive learning, we create activities and spaces integrated in the city to make reading part of the everyday life of the people. Simple tools can be used to attract people, nd their interests and spread knowledge.

NGOCIC

/ water pollution/ waste management/ lack of education/ mismanaged land ressources

Education=>

Impulse

Attract / Gather

Parallel educational system

SIMPLE TOOLS FIXED INSTALLATIONS

OWNERSHIP Autonomy

COMMUNTIYSystem to adapt to speci c communities needs

Sel

f-m

ade

neig

hbor

hoodSite observations

Route to Read

OBJECTS + ACTIVITIES SPACES + ACTIVITIES

=

Ow

ners

hip

Fixed Installations [People go to]

Time

Project

Act

ion

Simple tools [Go to the people]

62

FIXED INSTALLATIONS

SIMPLE TOOLSOBJECTS

SPACES

ACTIVITIES

Motos stop

Bamboo traininvolve children, make them listen AND participate.

- Story-telling- Puppet Show- Role play- Small theatre-...

Public Park

Home Library

Literacy bar

Main Pavillion Reading Pavillions Exhibition Pavillion Recycling point Hammock Panels, blackboards, TV screen...

Reading room Peaceful inner courtyard Cafeteria Storyteller meeting point and supplies

Bar Bookshelves

- Informal meeting point- Communication interface (panel)

- Events : teaching sessions, small educative show, exhibitions, outdoor cinema, plays,...- Recycling system : teaching sessions, pratical ap-plications,...

- Read and drink- Cultural events : small concerts, plays...

- Read a book- Meet people- Children games

The Bookmobile

Bench Tree Panel

ACTIVITIES

The stops along the route are divid-ed in two types of installations:

Mobile installations, which would provide small chang-es in peoples everyday life with simple tools: for example, a literacy bamboo train or a Bookmobile. Fixed installations, which would improve the city: for exam-ple, public spots and park, library, literacy bar

A variety of literacy activities with different methods of communica-tion could be organized in the dif-ferent stops: reading session, play role, mobile theatre, puppet show, workshops, lm projection, with the simple tools or in the xed instal-lations. The activities are selected to captivate them by choosing their interests and the communication mean that they like.The target group of this parallel ed-ucational system is children as well as adults. While it is easy to catch

the interest of children, for adults on the other hand, the knowledge should result in practical applica-tions.

The rst stage of the project is to go to the people, nd their needs and interests, and help them solve the problems. In following steps, the goal is to transfer the respon-sibility to the community; that they take possession and integrate the system to improve their everyday life.

NGO workers

- Library supervisor [+ opening of the Info point / maintenance]- Street storyteller [+ changing panels / maintenance]- Bamboo storyteller- Extra-workers for extra-activities [cinema,...] - Recycling and Compost supervisor

- Bar attendant [Literary bar]- Bar attendant [Home Library]- Handicraft workers [Pavillion]- Gardeners [planting trees, park maintenance]

1 unemployed community member

Workers turnoveronce a month, 1 unemployed person per concerned community

$

PP city

Local workers

Time

replaced by OR

NGOs

In practice, one aspect is that the NGO workers will progressively hire in need community members to replace them and to take them-selves in hand the system. The pro-posed activities can then generate new jobs and sources of livelihood for the concerned communities.

The whole project is based on sim-ple solutions; no need for high-tech, books and literacy activities will be the means to spread knowl-edge among the communities.

The xed installations should also be as simple as possible, or even removable, temporary, and as cheap as possible, because no support form the municipality can be expected. Nevertheless some solutions are ideally designed if supported by the city with perma-nent and long-term installations.

63

FIXED INSTALLATIONS

SIMPLE TOOLSOBJECTS

SPACES

ACTIVITIES

Motos stop

Bamboo traininvolve children, make them listen AND participate.

- Story-telling- Puppet Show- Role play- Small theatre-...

Public Park

Home Library

Literacy bar

Main Pavillion Reading Pavillions Exhibition Pavillion Recycling point Hammock Panels, blackboards, TV screen...

Reading room Peaceful inner courtyard Cafeteria Storyteller meeting point and supplies

Bar Bookshelves

- Informal meeting point- Communication interface (panel)

- Events : teaching sessions, small educative show, exhibitions, outdoor cinema, plays,...- Recycling system : teaching sessions, pratical ap-plications,...

- Read and drink- Cultural events : small concerts, plays...

- Read a book- Meet people- Children games

The Bookmobile

Bench Tree Panel

ACTIVITIES

The stops along the route are divid-ed in two types of installations:

Mobile installations, which would provide small chang-es in peoples everyday life with simple tools: for example, a literacy bamboo train or a Bookmobile. Fixed installations, which would improve the city: for exam-ple, public spots and park, library, literacy bar

A variety of literacy activities with different methods of communica-tion could be organized in the dif-ferent stops: reading session, play role, mobile theatre, puppet show, workshops, lm projection, with the simple tools or in the xed instal-lations. The activities are selected to captivate them by choosing their interests and the communication mean that they like.The target group of this parallel ed-ucational system is children as well as adults. While it is easy to catch

the interest of children, for adults on the other hand, the knowledge should result in practical applica-tions.

The rst stage of the project is to go to the people, nd their needs and interests, and help them solve the problems. In following steps, the goal is to transfer the respon-sibility to the community; that they take possession and integrate the system to improve their everyday life.

NGO workers

- Library supervisor [+ opening of the Info point / maintenance]- Street storyteller [+ changing panels / maintenance]- Bamboo storyteller- Extra-workers for extra-activities [cinema,...] - Recycling and Compost supervisor

- Bar attendant [Literary bar]- Bar attendant [Home Library]- Handicraft workers [Pavillion]- Gardeners [planting trees, park maintenance]

1 unemployed community member

Workers turnoveronce a month, 1 unemployed person per concerned community

$

PP city

Local workers

Time

replaced by OR

NGOs

In practice, one aspect is that the NGO workers will progressively hire in need community members to replace them and to take them-selves in hand the system. The pro-posed activities can then generate new jobs and sources of livelihood for the concerned communities.

The whole project is based on sim-ple solutions; no need for high-tech, books and literacy activities will be the means to spread knowl-edge among the communities.

The xed installations should also be as simple as possible, or even removable, temporary, and as cheap as possible, because no support form the municipality can be expected. Nevertheless some solutions are ideally designed if supported by the city with perma-nent and long-term installations.

64

ROUTE

READ

TO

The key point of this program is to use their own traditions, the com-mon Cambodian means to develop awareness. This will also contrib-ute to help the local economy by building with their techniques. But the other aspect of using common customs is to show them exist-ing potential of their country, and to keep their own characteristics. This is an attempt to show them that their traditions, climate culture have a great potential in planning that is visible but not enough and truly used.

As said, lots of schools and univer-sities are established in the area. We can take the opportunity to in-tegrate and make them take part in the project. We would like to reap the bene ces of this proximity to spread their knowledge and not re-strain it the walls of their buildings.

This ROUTE TO READ can be compared to furniture, which can be used in different places and contexts. The Northern part of Toul Kork is then a testing ground to try this new system of paraeduca-tion.

* )Names of Schools

65

ROUTE

READ

TO

The key point of this program is to use their own traditions, the com-mon Cambodian means to develop awareness. This will also contrib-ute to help the local economy by building with their techniques. But the other aspect of using common customs is to show them exist-ing potential of their country, and to keep their own characteristics. This is an attempt to show them that their traditions, climate culture have a great potential in planning that is visible but not enough and truly used.

As said, lots of schools and univer-sities are established in the area. We can take the opportunity to in-tegrate and make them take part in the project. We would like to reap the bene ces of this proximity to spread their knowledge and not re-strain it the walls of their buildings.

This ROUTE TO READ can be compared to furniture, which can be used in different places and contexts. The Northern part of Toul Kork is then a testing ground to try this new system of paraeduca-tion.

* )Names of Schools

66

The Bookmobile is another simple tool that can be used without huge means or investments. This trans-portation mean is also greatly com-mon in Phnom Penh: tuk-tuks are

The Bookmobile

the taxi-public transport, and small moving sellers are carrying their merchandise with carts, or with customized bicycle or motorbike. Each of these street vendors has

his own jingle to inform people of his arrival. And we can often see them waiting for customers in a shaded street corner. The Bookmobile could drive through the city and stops next to communities to tell-story. But sim-ple tools are not only about story-telling, it could also be role game, puppet show, to make the peo-ple participate as well. As people are greatly interested in English, session can be organized in this language or any other. (Universi-ties can help, take part for this)

BattambangNORTH

SihanoukvilleSOUTH

And as the stops will change from year to year, this concept be-comes an excuse to improve the streets, with resting shaded spots. The stops could also be-come with time an informal meet-ing point that the communities could use freely to gather, even if the Bookmobile is not running.

In a rst stage, the stops of the Bookmobile will be tted out witha bench, a tree, and a panel, to provide the city with shaded plac-es. The panel becomes an inter-face to spread knowledge, or to communicate events, workshops, etc or information within the com-munity.

Route of the Bookmobile

Improvement of Bookmobile stops

67

The Bookmobile is another simple tool that can be used without huge means or investments. This trans-portation mean is also greatly com-mon in Phnom Penh: tuk-tuks are

The Bookmobile

the taxi-public transport, and small moving sellers are carrying their merchandise with carts, or with customized bicycle or motorbike. Each of these street vendors has

his own jingle to inform people of his arrival. And we can often see them waiting for customers in a shaded street corner. The Bookmobile could drive through the city and stops next to communities to tell-story. But sim-ple tools are not only about story-telling, it could also be role game, puppet show, to make the peo-ple participate as well. As people are greatly interested in English, session can be organized in this language or any other. (Universi-ties can help, take part for this)

BattambangNORTH

SihanoukvilleSOUTH

And as the stops will change from year to year, this concept be-comes an excuse to improve the streets, with resting shaded spots. The stops could also be-come with time an informal meet-ing point that the communities could use freely to gather, even if the Bookmobile is not running.

In a rst stage, the stops of the Bookmobile will be tted out witha bench, a tree, and a panel, to provide the city with shaded plac-es. The panel becomes an inter-face to spread knowledge, or to communicate events, workshops, etc or information within the com-munity.

Route of the Bookmobile

Improvement of Bookmobile stops

68

The bamboo trains, called "Norry" from the French word for lorry, are a quite common transportation mean in Cambodia. This is a mix between Khmer ingenuity and ne-cessity, to respond to the lack of use of the tracks.

Indeed, the service between Phnom Penh to Battambang has been reduced from daily to weekly service due to the lack of funds to maintain the tracks and rolling stock. And the service runs by the Government is often less reliable, slow and delayed due to frequent derailments and breakdowns. The network was originally built by the French, but the Khmer Rouge shut it down completely, that is the rea-son why it was largely abandoned afterwards. Some portions have been rebuild by that time. With little traf c using the rail lines,

individuals run their own private 'bamboo trains' to carry passen-gers and freight, like motorcycles or rice. There are even recognized but unof cial bamboo train "sta-tions". Simple construction and light weight is an important require-ment if two meet on the line or if a real train is coming on the other

direction, to remove it quickly from the track. It can be disassembled in seconds: 2 persons take off the frame; one removes the engine and then the two axles and wheels.

The Bamboo Train

BattambangNORTH

SihanoukvilleSOUTH

Bamboo Train Stops

The construction is really simple, and it takes around four days to build one: bamboo slats overlay-ing a steel frame resting on wheels and axles from military tanks. At the beginning they were propelled by hand using punt poles, but now bamboo trains have a small mo-torcycle engines with belt drive direct to the rear axle. The speed can go up to 40km/h or more.

This ingenious transportation mean can t perfectly to meet the need of a story-teller in the communities along the railway lines in Phnom Penh. It is also important, as said, to use the Cambodian custom to

BattambangNORTH

SihanoukvilleSOUTH

settle this parallel educational pro-gram. The tool is then locally pro-duced and understood. And it is a simple mean to show the existing potential of their own habits.

69

The bamboo trains, called "Norry" from the French word for lorry, are a quite common transportation mean in Cambodia. This is a mix between Khmer ingenuity and ne-cessity, to respond to the lack of use of the tracks.

Indeed, the service between Phnom Penh to Battambang has been reduced from daily to weekly service due to the lack of funds to maintain the tracks and rolling stock. And the service runs by the Government is often less reliable, slow and delayed due to frequent derailments and breakdowns. The network was originally built by the French, but the Khmer Rouge shut it down completely, that is the rea-son why it was largely abandoned afterwards. Some portions have been rebuild by that time. With little traf c using the rail lines,

individuals run their own private 'bamboo trains' to carry passen-gers and freight, like motorcycles or rice. There are even recognized but unof cial bamboo train "sta-tions". Simple construction and light weight is an important require-ment if two meet on the line or if a real train is coming on the other

direction, to remove it quickly from the track. It can be disassembled in seconds: 2 persons take off the frame; one removes the engine and then the two axles and wheels.

The Bamboo Train

BattambangNORTH

SihanoukvilleSOUTH

Bamboo Train Stops

The construction is really simple, and it takes around four days to build one: bamboo slats overlay-ing a steel frame resting on wheels and axles from military tanks. At the beginning they were propelled by hand using punt poles, but now bamboo trains have a small mo-torcycle engines with belt drive direct to the rear axle. The speed can go up to 40km/h or more.

This ingenious transportation mean can t perfectly to meet the need of a story-teller in the communities along the railway lines in Phnom Penh. It is also important, as said, to use the Cambodian custom to

BattambangNORTH

SihanoukvilleSOUTH

settle this parallel educational pro-gram. The tool is then locally pro-duced and understood. And it is a simple mean to show the existing potential of their own habits.

70

The Park

Evolution of the park

2000 2005

The main Park is the central gath-ering point of the project. It has now a strategic situation in the city: surrounded by two big public uni-versities on the left and right side, a hospital for children in front of the main side with middle class hous-ing in the surroundings, and poor communities from the railway line,

2007 Now

This park is now an enclosed ne-glected unmanaged area. Thanks to its strategic situation, this project wishes to open it, to give a public park to the city, and at the scale of the city.

The area is huge (approx. 24700m2). The division of the space is thus important.

not far from rich housing and pri-vate schools. It is then a good op-portunity to mix all kind of people and to make them all commit.

First of all, the general topography of the existing site is left in its exist-ing shape. However, a more secure delimitation of the ooding area is de ned. The reason why is the will to use the assets of the landscape,

and to prove that their existing ar-eas have already a potential that just needs to be improved.Another reason is the simplicity required to keep it cheap and rea-sonable.

A view from entrance to the park

The park now

71

The Park

Evolution of the park

2000 2005

The main Park is the central gath-ering point of the project. It has now a strategic situation in the city: surrounded by two big public uni-versities on the left and right side, a hospital for children in front of the main side with middle class hous-ing in the surroundings, and poor communities from the railway line,

2007 Now

This park is now an enclosed ne-glected unmanaged area. Thanks to its strategic situation, this project wishes to open it, to give a public park to the city, and at the scale of the city.

The area is huge (approx. 24700m2). The division of the space is thus important.

not far from rich housing and pri-vate schools. It is then a good op-portunity to mix all kind of people and to make them all commit.

First of all, the general topography of the existing site is left in its exist-ing shape. However, a more secure delimitation of the ooding area is de ned. The reason why is the will to use the assets of the landscape,

and to prove that their existing ar-eas have already a potential that just needs to be improved.Another reason is the simplicity required to keep it cheap and rea-sonable.

A view from entrance to the park

The park now

72

05102040

60

Pavillion for reading

Water duringdry seasonWater during

wet season Hammocks

Hammocks

Pleasant placefor reading

Planted trees

Shadows

Main pavillion

InformationOutdoor cinemaStage

Gardens

Gardening educationCompost

Recycling point

Place where to droptrashesSmall business withvaluable articles

Access tothe park


Shadows before trees are big enoughto shadowPleasant placefor reading

Bridge

Exhibition building

Art and other exhibitionsCo-operation with schools around

Concept to the park

The space is then already divided by the water. Two thresholds are planned with two different means to attract people further inside the park:

The threshold near the Confed-eration de la Russie is seen as the main entrance. It aims at attracting students from the universities near-by, and inhabitants from the neigh-borhoods, or any other citizens to have a look in the park, to draw their attention, and give a glimpse of what is going on inside. That is the reason why a perspective fo-cuses on the main pavilion. And art expo pavilion and ower pots are placed in this entrance part.

The threshold next to the poor communities along the railway lines has a totally different role: the facilities there should answer their everyday needs. That is why the recycling point, and the garden modules are there.

05102040

60



wet season Hammocks

Hammocks


Planted trees

Shadows

Main pavillion


Gardens


Recycling point


Access tothe park



Bridge

Exhibition building


The Main Pavillion

The focus point is the space be-tween these two thresholds, with the main info pavilion. It be-comes an outdoor meeting place for gatherings, lm projections, workshops, Besides, small reading pavilion and hammocks are distributed in the whole area.

A view to the pavillionPrinciple model

A light structureAn open space that can become a small stage or a meeting pointOpen towards the park A closed room for NGOs materialExterior wall used as a screen for projection

73

05102040

60



wet season Hammocks

Hammocks


Planted trees

Shadows

Main pavillion


Gardens


Recycling point


Access tothe park



Bridge

Exhibition building


Concept to the park

The space is then already divided by the water. Two thresholds are planned with two different means to attract people further inside the park:

The threshold near the Confed-eration de la Russie is seen as the main entrance. It aims at attracting students from the universities near-by, and inhabitants from the neigh-borhoods, or any other citizens to have a look in the park, to draw their attention, and give a glimpse of what is going on inside. That is the reason why a perspective fo-cuses on the main pavilion. And art expo pavilion and ower pots are placed in this entrance part.

The threshold next to the poor communities along the railway lines has a totally different role: the facilities there should answer their everyday needs. That is why the recycling point, and the garden modules are there.

05102040

60



wet season Hammocks

Hammocks


Planted trees

Shadows

Main pavillion


Gardens


Recycling point


Access tothe park



Bridge

Exhibition building


The Main Pavillion

The focus point is the space be-tween these two thresholds, with the main info pavilion. It be-comes an outdoor meeting place for gatherings, lm projections, workshops, Besides, small reading pavilion and hammocks are distributed in the whole area.

A view to the pavillionPrinciple model

A light structureAn open space that can become a small stage or a meeting pointOpen towards the park A closed room for NGOs materialExterior wall used as a screen for projection

74Plan of the Park

Different density of vegetation will also contribute to the division of the space. It will then provides visible or shaded area, protected or isolated from the rest of the park and from the surrounding build-ings. The vegetation helps then to create different types of space.

Ideally the park should remain open, even at night. The long sides are left enclosed, but the three en-trances in the short sides should stay open. The fact that the en-trances in the park are well de ned makes it easy to close the park at night in case of problems. The lightning system is provided by the gardens modules. Most of these modules serve as gardens and ower pots, and some are small furniture and light.

New houses

Recycling PointGardensRemarquable treeMain Pavillion

Fruit treesTrees along the mainaxis

Vegetation of middle hight

Wetland

Reading pavillion

Meadow

Exhibition PavillionHigh vegetation

75Plan of the Park

Different density of vegetation will also contribute to the division of the space. It will then provides visible or shaded area, protected or isolated from the rest of the park and from the surrounding build-ings. The vegetation helps then to create different types of space.

Ideally the park should remain open, even at night. The long sides are left enclosed, but the three en-trances in the short sides should stay open. The fact that the en-trances in the park are well de ned makes it easy to close the park at night in case of problems. The lightning system is provided by the gardens modules. Most of these modules serve as gardens and ower pots, and some are small furniture and light.

New houses

Recycling PointGardensRemarquable treeMain Pavillion

Fruit treesTrees along the mainaxis

Vegetation of middle hight

Wetland

Reading pavillion

Meadow

Exhibition PavillionHigh vegetation

76

Two scenarios are planned ide-al and temporary according the authorization and decision of the municipality.

The use of land will come and go according to the season, as well as the appearance of the park. The same happens for the people that come and go according to the performance, the activities. Lot of space is required for big events. A variety of activities will be organ-ised in the park, by NGOs or by the communities themselves: recycling workshops, education course, gar-dening session, outdoor cinema, performances, plays, etc.

This park and the other stops is also an attempt to increase pedes-trian transportation around those places.

IDEAL SCENARIO TEMPORARY SCENARIO

77

Two scenarios are planned ide-al and temporary according the authorization and decision of the municipality.

The use of land will come and go according to the season, as well as the appearance of the park. The same happens for the people that come and go according to the performance, the activities. Lot of space is required for big events. A variety of activities will be organ-ised in the park, by NGOs or by the communities themselves: recycling workshops, education course, gar-dening session, outdoor cinema, performances, plays, etc.

This park and the other stops is also an attempt to increase pedes-trian transportation around those places.

IDEAL SCENARIO TEMPORARY SCENARIOReading Pavillions

A light structureA roof providing shadeA xed wall (can be designed as a shelfpossibly closed at night) Raised to protect from oading

78

Organic waste Non-reusable wasteInorganic waste

RECYCLINGREUSE

$ $$

COMPOST

Handicrafts

DISPOSAL

Resold

The waste management is an im-portant system put in place in the main park, to make the people aware of the importance and ad-vantage of living in a clean envi-ronment. The aim is to improve the ground and water quality. This is one aspect of the ecological sus-tainability. The other is the will to increase the green spaces in the city, with public park, bookmobile stops and mobile gardens in the communities. The main advantage with the re-cycling point and the gardens grow thanks to the compost is the money and the food that they could earn with it. This generates a new source of livelihood.Besides practical applications, ac-tivities and teaching session are organised in the main pavilion to raise this awareness.

Waste Management Gardens

A garden module system

79

Organic waste Non-reusable wasteInorganic waste

RECYCLINGREUSE

$ $$

COMPOST

Handicrafts

DISPOSAL

Resold

The waste management is an im-portant system put in place in the main park, to make the people aware of the importance and ad-vantage of living in a clean envi-ronment. The aim is to improve the ground and water quality. This is one aspect of the ecological sus-tainability. The other is the will to increase the green spaces in the city, with public park, bookmobile stops and mobile gardens in the communities. The main advantage with the re-cycling point and the gardens grow thanks to the compost is the money and the food that they could earn with it. This generates a new source of livelihood.Besides practical applications, ac-tivities and teaching session are organised in the main pavilion to raise this awareness.

Waste Management Gardens

A garden module system

80

References

Bryant ParkNew York City,USA

Donkey Mobile LibraryEthiopia Reads,Ethiopia

Adopt a KioskBrittish Telecom,Red Phone Boxes recycledinto a Library

Open Air LibraryMadgeburg,GermanyKARO Architecten 2009

Parc des RivesYverdon-les-Bains, SwitzerlandLocalarchitecture 2007

Cut. Join. Play.MasStudio

81

References

Bryant ParkNew York City,USA

Donkey Mobile LibraryEthiopia Reads,Ethiopia

Adopt a KioskBrittish Telecom,Red Phone Boxes recycledinto a Library

Open Air LibraryMadgeburg,GermanyKARO Architecten 2009

Parc des RivesYverdon-les-Bains, SwitzerlandLocalarchitecture 2007

Cut. Join. Play.MasStudio

82

*)Names of Schools

83

*)Names of Schools

85

SAFTY FIRST ! - THE WOMENS NETWORKMyriam TREIBER /

Maria LUND /Inka KYT /

Nasstassia FAVALLEv /

86

THE WOMENS NETWORKwmn

87

THE WOMENS NETWORKwmn

THE PROJECT

This project is based on research led on Phnom Penh networks for Women, health and security faciliti es and sex workers

THE TRIP

During the stay in Phnom Penh, we went to meet communiti es led by womens, sex workers in the street and the NGOs lead-ers. The program was build around their concerns

Prostitution exsists EVERYWHERE IN THE WORLD, and is one of the worlds oldest profession. Both the sex work-ers and the urban poors are extremly STIGMATIZED in the world societies. This project WILL NOT TRY TO LEGAL-IZE NOR MAKE ANY JUDGEMENT on the urban poor sex workers way of making a living. IT IS A PROJECT AIMED TO SUPPORT THEM AND RESPECT THEM.

88

NGOs:

Urban Poor Women DevelopmentUPWDWomens Network for unityWNU

89

THE MATERIAL

The analysis is mainly based on the two following sources :

Urban Poor Sett lements :The 8 Khan Survey 2009 - Maps showing the locati on of urban poor sett lements, stati sti cs.

Sex Workers living and working places :Interviews

Some other research have been made on internet.

90

DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF SEX WORKERS

The needs are more or less the same

Imigrants from the di erent prov-inces around Phnom Penh.

Comes to the city to work at a bar or as a constructi on worker etc.

Some sex workers comes in to Phnom Penh, from the provinces, just for some days to earn some money before they

go back home.

Sex workers from Phnom Penh.Their relati ves does not know

what they do for a living.

SAFETYHEALTHCARE

HELPRESPECT

RESPECTCHILD CARE

FINANCIAL SUPPORT

SAFETYRESPECT

SAFETYHEALTHCARE

HELPLEGAL RIGHTS

91

DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF SEX WORKERS

The needs are more or less the same

Imigrants from the di erent prov-inces around Phnom Penh.

Comes to the city to work at a bar or as a constructi on worker etc.

Some sex workers comes in to Phnom Penh, from the provinces, just for some days to earn some money before they

go back home.

Sex workers from Phnom Penh.Their relati ves does not know

what they do for a living.

SAFETYHEALTHCARE

HELPRESPECT

RESPECTCHILD CARE

FINANCIAL SUPPORT

SAFETYRESPECT

SAFETYHEALTHCARE

HELPLEGAL RIGHTS

Mars Meas - 28 years oldComes from the Province.Has lived in Phnom Penh for 15 years.She has been a sex worker for 3 years.Before she used to help her mother back home.Her clients are Cambodians at all ages.She is constantly afraid.She lives in the Tuol Kork area.She has been arrested 4 ti mes.

3 girls waitingDoesn`t want to take the condoms.Talk about the arrests.Taken to Prey Speu, and tried to escape.

woman on a benchComes from Kompong ChamGets around 2.50 USD - rest is spent on the guest house or condoms.Di cult for her to pay rent, so she doesn`t have a place to live that`s why she accepts to trade sex for a night at the guest house and a small amount of money.

92

SW-- FEARS - THREATS MAP

POVERTY

STDs

POLICE

ANTI-TRAFFICKING LAW

GANGSTERS

HIV

ROBBERY

RAPES

ARRESTS CUSTOMERS

93

food

healthcare

networklegal rights

dignity

knowledge

empowering

educati on

training

incomefood

healthcare

network

legal rights

safety

dignity

shelter

knowledge

empowering

educati on

training

income

UPW-- NEEDS MAP

94

SW-- NEEDS MAP

safety

healthcare

help

condoms

housing

network

educati on

training

shelter

acceptance

child-care

nancialsupport

safety net

respect

legal rights

safety

healthcare

help

condoms

housing

network

educati on

training

shelter

acceptance

child-care nancialsupport

safety net

respect

legal rights

95

SW-- NEEDS MAP

safety

healthcare

help

condoms

housing

network

educati on

training

shelter

acceptance

child-care

nancialsupport

safety net

respect

legal rights

safety

healthcare

help

condoms

housing

network

educati on

training

shelter

acceptance

child-care nancialsupport

safety net

respect

legal rights

COMBINATION OF SEX WORKERS & URBAN POOR WOMEN

food

safety

dignity

knowledge

empowering

income

help

housing

educati on

training

shelter

acceptance

child care

respect

legal rights

96

CREATE A NEW NETWORK FOR URBAN POOR WOMEN AND SEX WORKERS

AIM

97

ANALYSES

Our main focus for this project has been the whole of Phnom Penh

ARAKAM7

HNEPNUOD

NOMRAKMAHC

KROKLUOT

YEHCNAEM

KOSNES

OEKYESSUR

ROKGNAD

703!

PHNOM PENH

98

POLICE STATIONS SCHOOLSHOSPITALS

From the informati on we found in internet, there are 3 main po-lice stati ons in Phnom Penh.

Two of them are situated in the north of the city, one in the west side and the other one in the east side of the Boeungkak lake.

One of the biggest hospitals of Phnom Penh is Kantha Bophal, in the east of the Boeungkak lake, and it is free for every-one.

Many other hospitals and smaller clinics are spread in the whole area of Phnom Penh.

We can nd schools, from primary school to high school, mostly not free, in di erent neighbors of the city.

The main universiti es are RUFA (Royal University of Fine Arts) near the Nati onal Museum, and the campus university in Khan Toulkok which includes the Insti -tute of Foreign languages, the Insti tute of Technology and the Royal University.

99

POLICE STATIONS SCHOOLSHOSPITALS

From the informati on we found in internet, there are 3 main po-lice stati ons in Phnom Penh.

Two of them are situated in the north of the city, one in the west side and the other one in the east side of the Boeungkak lake.

One of the biggest hospitals of Phnom Penh is Kantha Bophal, in the east of the Boeungkak lake, and it is free for every-one.

Many other hospitals and smaller clinics are spread in the whole area of Phnom Penh.

We can nd schools, from primary school to high school, mostly not free, in di erent neighbors of the city.

The main universiti es are RUFA (Royal University of Fine Arts) near the Nati onal Museum, and the campus university in Khan Toulkok which includes the Insti -tute of Foreign languages, the Insti tute of Technology and the Royal University.

EXSISTING DROP IN CENTRESLINES BETWEEN EXSISTING

DROP IN CENTRES

The Drop In Centres are situated mostly around the Boeungkak lake and they dont cover at all the south of Phnom Penh.

A fourth Drop In Centres is isolated in the north-west of the city, and it is 7km far from the lake.

100

SIZE OF URBAN POOR COMMUNITIES AND AMOUNT OF WOMEN.

101

SIZE OF URBAN POOR COMMUNITIES AND AMOUNT OF WOMEN.

TRAFFIC-MAP OF WHERE THE SW LIVE AND WORK TO THE EXISTING DROP IN CENTRES

TRAFFIC-MAP OF WHERE THE SW LIVE TO HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

The SW in the north of Phnom Penh can reach a Drop In Centre in a short distance (about 200m), but those who are in the south-east of the city have to travel at least 5km to reach the nearest Drop In Centre.

The distances between the Hospitals and the residenti al areas for SW go from 110m to 1980m.

TRAFFIC-MAP OF WHERE THE SW WORK TO HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

The distances between the Hospitals and the working areas for SW go from 200m to 1970m.

102

RESULTTHE SAFETY ROUTE

THE SECRET MAP OF PHNOM PENHDROP IN CENTRES

103

RESULTTHE SAFETY ROUTE

THE SECRET MAP OF PHNOM PENHDROP IN CENTRES

THE SAFETY ROUTE

The Safety Route is a road which connects the drop-in centres and creates a safe path for the Sex Workers, the Urban Poor Women and all the Poor Communiti es of Phnom Penh that pass through the Route. It is a safe path for everyone.

There are two types of Route, one which is in a human scale and can be crossed by walking because it is located only in the city centre, and the other one which reach-es the Poor Communiti es that live far from the city centre and can be travelled by car or the caravan of the WoMens Network.

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MEANS OF SAFETY

Light, people, urban furnitures, communicati on means can enhance the security of a street.

WoMen`s

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rk

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THE SECRET MAP OF PNOM PENHThe Secret Map will be a map which will show the places throughout Phnom Penh where the Urban Poor Women and the Sex Workers can meet each other. It can be a caf or a resturant, a drop in centre etc, where they know they can go and meet others in the same situation as them-selves. A place they can go and talk and be understood and respected. The maps will be handed out at the drop in centres.

The secret map is available in internet, on the webpages of WoMens Network. It includes a general part, visible for eve-rybody and also a secret part, visible only for Network members with special code. Because map is in virtual format, it can be changed when needed (for example if a location of a drop-in stop has been changed etc.). Map can also be printed.

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The secret part is meant for sex workers and urban poor women. This map shows the locations of drop-in centers and safety route. This secret part of the map can be ac-cessed only with a special code given for Network members.

One map is mainly for tourists. This map shows the locations of main tourist attractions and also the locations of specific cafs and shops run by the network.

WOMEN NETWORK VERSION TOURIST VERSION

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DROP IN CENTRES

The Drop In Centres is a place you can come to get first aid, take a shower or just meet people. There are a variety of these centres, they can be mobile, modular/movable, or placed in an exsisting bui-dling.

First Aid Basic medical treatmentInformation center: HIV/AIDS STD Legal Right Safety First - Hospital, Eduactional center & Shelter WoMen`s Network - The Secret MapRegistration Office: Their where-abouts, contact info Arrests Abuse Rapes Robbery Concerns

FUNCTIONS OF THE DROP IN CENTRE :

107

Mobile drop-in centre

Drinks /Food

First aid

Medicines /first aid

Eating /meeting / rest

Resting / sleeping

Sanitation Kitchen

Condom / Hygienic

DROPin Mobile

WMN

Drinks /Food

First aid

Medicines /first aid

Eating /meeting / rest

Resting / sleeping

Sanitation Kitchen

Condom / Hygienic

DROPin Mobile

WMN

Drop In Centre in a caravan

A movable Drop In Centre which can drive out to the outskirts of Phnom Penh.

A small Drop In Centre in a tuk-tuk. Offers basic medical treatment and hygenical ar-ticles

Drop In Centre in a tuk-tuk

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COMMUNITY CENTER IN OUDONGFredrik MARTENS ONARHEIM /

PUBLIC BUILDING DESIGN PROJECT

During the trip to Cambodia, Four students were both involved the City in Crisis course and in the Public Building Design Project. The two courses were complementary and applied to Phnom Pen urban context. The Public Building Course wa taught by Saija Holmen and Helena Sandman. Here is the example of a project by Fredik Martens Onarheim.

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COMMUNITY CENTER IN OUDONG

A community center for 50 families in oudong, 40km north-west of Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The needs are very simple; a place for up to 30 persons to gather with protection from the sun and the rain, as well as a small lockable area for valu-ables.

the community center connects the surrounding streets, and it leads people through a sequence of spaces with different character, from the public market place, to the private water area in the south.

Fredrik M. Onarheim, 211187

a very important part of the process when designing a community center in such a village is to take care of the lanscape, here represented by where trees are planted.

A loose approach to planting trees in the normal streets between the houses breaks up the rigidness. Having a more rigid and formal approach when planting trees on the street leading from the main entrance to the village to the community center implies this is a more public space.

Fruit trees planted on streets provide fruit as well as shade. The slender and high eucalyptus trees create mental walls and beutiful rooms.

the main materials of this structure is bam-boo and soil block

the bamboo grows quickly and is easily treated with borax and boric acid, non toxic materials, to be resistant to insect at-tacks and rotting due to moisture

the soil block is beeing made on site to-day, and it uses mainly the soil of the sur-roundings, and some cement.

SPIRALthe structure spirals from the public entrance to the village to the pri-vate toilets and water functions of the community center

DRAINAGEas this climate has a distinct wet season, drainage of the site is nec-essary. There is no excessive flood-ing in the village, but when it rains a lot, mud is formed. Arrows show where water is led away.

WINDmain wind direction is south/north. All brick walls potentially blocking the wind is perforated, and will let a controlled breeze through the whole site.

WATER COLLECTIONwater is not provided by the mu-nicipality, so collecting what one can is importantthe big roof collects water from a big area, and leads it to the private water-part of the structure, where it can be used for washing hands, dishes, clothes etc.

open community room

scattered fruit trees


dense eucalyptus forest

more rigid and formal

chicken house

well

open structure for market etc

storage

kitchen

study roomlibrary

water room

drying clothes

rain- water

wellwater tower

dense but maneuverable forest

vietnam

they inhabitants of the village produce soil block to build their own houses

the streets in the village are scarce, and have no vegetation as is now.

elevation wall 1:20section wall 1:20

Half of village is surrounded by eucalyptus trees

site with exsisting water tower and piles of soil block

panorama of the site from the water tower. The only tree inside the village is in the middle of the site

the back yard of one of the houses. people in the village with recources spend them on making shade

even though the village is small, the streets seem long and wide. not much shade either

the village is surrounded by rice fields during the wet season

laosthailand

CAMBODIA

oudong

phnom penh

50km

INITIAL THOUGHTSAfter visiting the site, and starting working on it, i set my self some goals for the community center, and marked some important places on the site. Loosening up the rigid appearance of the site, provide shade through structure and vegetation, and trying to offer places of different character (public/private), and making it easy to manoeuvre between them were my main goals initially.

should be emphasized as main entrance-the first one arrives to-next to market place-leads directly to community center

well as a public space, emphasize

more public part of the site given closeby func-tions and main entrance street. important area where community center meets the well and market place.

need to define streets, and protect backyards

can be a more private part of the site. wash areas etc?

THE SITE

THE CONCEPTS

THE LANDSCAPES

THE STRUCTURE

site for community center

site for market

well

well

water tower

corrugated iron bamboo 70mm straw matbamboo 2x 90mm

bamboo 2x90mmsoil block

steel detail

concrete foundation

rammed earth

site plan 1:500

a a

b

b c

c

plan 1:100

the rythm of the bamboo structure, here seen on the north wall of the community center, leads the movement, and introduces a human scale to the big wall

the angles of the roofs leads lead movement and eyes of people, as well as air and daylight.

the small and intimate courtyard that is created by the structure in the most private part of the center. this is where community members can wash and dry their clothes

the bracing of the slender bamboo structure creates a wavelike image, and leads you in to-wards the more private parts of the area, while at the same time creats a very open room

the forest and the soil block wall stops the movement before the private houses, and leads you to the left, towards the library and water house.

here seen from the northern well, the community center is very open, even though it creates well protected areas.

section c-c 1:50

section b-b 1:50

section a-a 1:50

the thick forest west of the community center protects the back yards of the houses behind. Even though the forest seem thick, it is important it is possible to walk through it

1 2 3 4















open community room





chicken house

well


storage

kitchen

study roomlibrary

water room

drying clothes

rain- water

wellwater tower


vietnam










laosthailand

CAMBODIA

oudong

phnom penh

50km







THE SITE

THE CONCEPTS

THE LANDSCAPES

THE STRUCTURE


site for market

well

well

water tower

corrugated iron bamboo 70mm straw matbamboo 2x 90mm

bamboo 2x90mmsoil block

steel detail

concrete foundation

rammed earth

site plan 1:500

a a

b

b c

c

plan 1:100

the rythm of the bamboo structure, here seen on the north wall of the community center, leads the movement, and introduces a human scale to the big wall

the angles of the roofs leads lead movement and eyes of people, as well as air and daylight.

the small and intimate courtyard that is created by the structure in the most private part of the center. this is where community members can wash and dry their clothes

the bracing of the slender bamboo structure creates a wavelike image, and leads you in to-wards the more private parts of the area, while at the same time creats a very open room

the forest and the soil block wall stops the movement before the private houses, and leads you to the left, towards the library and water house.

here seen from the northern well, the community center is very open, even though it creates well protected areas.

section c-c 1:50

section b-b 1:50

section a-a 1:50

the thick forest west of the community center protects the back yards of the houses behind. Even though the forest seem thick, it is important it is possible to walk through it

1 2 3 4

111















open community room





chicken house

well


storage

kitchen

study roomlibrary

water room

drying clothes

rain- water

wellwater tower


vietnam










laosthailand

CAMBODIA

oudong

phnom penh

50km







THE SITE

THE CONCEPTS

THE LANDSCAPES

THE STRUCTURE


site for market

well

well

wate

Documents

Cambodia 2011 - City in Crisis Projects