Cẩm nang Bảo hiểm

7/29/2019 Cm nang Bo him

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Hong Chicharito

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CM NANG BO HIM TRONG KINH DOANH

(*) Hng dn sdng Cm nang:

- Lu th nht, Cm nang ny ch dnh cho nhng ngi mi t nhng vin

gch u tin cho mn Bo him trong kinh doanh.

L do l v tc gi Cm nang ny cng mi ch bt u hc t 2 3 ngy trc.

i vi nhng Master mn ny, c th Cm nang s khng c tc dng thm ch cn c

khnng gy phn ng ph :v.

- Lu th 2, tt c kin thc trong Cm nang ny u c ht trong sch v ti

liu tham kho, nhng c mnh tm lc v h thng li , v vy, cng khng dm

chc l n thc s hiu qu vi tt c mi ngi. Thi th trong hon cnh nc si la

bng th ny, hi vng Cm nang c th gip cc bn cm thy hoang mang hn.

- Lu th 3, nhng phn kin thc c du (*) l phn kin thc quan trng v

yu cu phi nh.

(*) Ni dung Cm nang:

Mt cu hi m chc cc bn ang t ra khi bt u n tp l Chng ta nn bt

u tu trong 1 mkin thc hn n ny??? (no l cc iu kin bo him loi A, B,

C, FPA, WA, AR, TLO, FOD ri n cc quy tc ca hi WOE, P&I, bla bla).

Mt li khuyn l cc bn ng qu bn tm n lng kin thc lm g (v tt

nhin ai cngbit mn ny l 1 mn rt kh, nm chc kin thc l iu khng hn

gin). iu chng ta nn lm l xem xt, sp xp kin thc theo 1 h thng, khi nhc

n 1 vn bt k, chng ta bit n ang ni v phn no.


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Cng phi ni thm rng Bo him l mt mn hc kh th v v thit thc (nhng

c l do tm l st ngy thi nn c th cc bn cha n s th v), nhng khi hc

mn ny nu khng cn thn th s rt d btu ha nhp ma.

Quay trv vi chuyn n thi :>, vi mn Bo him trong kinh doanh, chng ta

cn dnh 50% cho phn Bo him hng hi (v y l phn quan trng nht) v 50% cho

nhng phn cn li.

Trong phm vi cm nang ny, ts cp tt c nhng g chng ta c hc trn

lp, nhng s ch trng hn vo phn chng IIBo him hng hi.

Sau y l nhng kin thc cn bn m chng ta cn nm vng:

I. TNG QUAN V BO HIM

1.nh ngha v bn cht

Bo himngha l nhn gip lc gp nguy him (ri ro). V vy, gia bo

him v ri ro c mi quan h cht ch vi nhau.

(*) Ri ro l nhng tai nn, tai ha, scxy ra 1 cch bt ng, ngu nhin v

c khnnggy ra tn tht vngi, ti sn, trch nhim.

Tuy l hin tng xy ra 1 cch ngu nhin nhng chng ta hon ton c th c

nhng bin php i ph vi chng.

(*) 4 bin phpchnh i ph vi ri ro:

Trnh ri ro. VD: stai nn th nh.

y khng phi l bin php hay v s gy tm l lo sv nu c lo smi th

chng ta s chng lm c vic g.

Ngn nga ri ro. VD: i m bo him gim nhthng tch khi gp tai nn.

y cng l bin php hay nhng li khng ngn nga c ht mi ri ro.


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Tkhc phc ri ro. VD: d tr tin phng lc ri ro th dng.

y cng khng phi bin php hiu qu v khng phi ai cng c tin d tr v

c th gy ng vn.

Chuyn nhng ri ro. y chnh l bin php i ph ri ro m chng ta s

hc: bo him.

y l bin php hiu qu nht i ph vi ri ro v khng gy ng vn,

phm vi b p rng, b p c cho nhng ri ro mang tnh thm ha.

(*) Bo him l 1 bin php i ph vi ri ro.

Vy tm li, chng ta cn nhg v bo him????

- Tng quan v bo him, chng ta cn hc thuc nh ngha v cc khi nim lin

quan ca n (trang 89 Sch GT).

- Vbn cht ca Bo him, c 14 chvng cn nh: phn chia ri ro, chia

nh tn tht, ly sng b st, th hin tnh tng trln nhau.

2. Cc nguyn tc v phn loi Bo him

2.1. Nguyn tc ca Bo him

(*) Cc bn cn hiu v nh5 nguyn tc chnh:

Nguyn tc chbo him ri ro chkhng bo him 1 schc chn.

Nguyn tc trung thc tuyt i:

2 bn phi thc stin tng ln nhau, khng la di nhau. Nu 1 bn vi phm

hp ng th hp ng s khng c hiu lc.

Nguyn tc li ch bo him:y l 1 trong nhng nguyn tc quan trng nht. cp v nguyn tc ny th

cc bn cn nh2 iu kin sau:

- Mun k hp ng bo him th phi c li ch bo him ( li ch v quyn li

lin quan n i tng bo him).


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- Khi xy ra ri ro, mun c bi thng th phi c li ch bo him t i

tng bo him ti thi im (VD: 1 anh k hp ng bo him cho ngi nh

tthng 2, n thng 7 th bn li cho ngi khc. T8 nu xy ra ri ro vi ngi

nh th anh ta khng c quyn i bi thng v anh ta khng cn li ch bohim t ngi nh).

(*) Trng hp c bit, khi mua hng theo iu kin CIF, t sau thi im hng

c xp ln tu ti cng i, quyn s hu hng ha c chuyn sang cho

ngi mua (ng ngha vi vic ngi mua c li ch bo him t l hng), v vy

nu ri ro xy ra th ngi mua c quyn i bi thng mc d anh ta khng

k hp ng bo him.

Nguyn tc bi thng: bi thng bng ng gi tr thc ca i tng bo

him ti thi im xy ra tn tht.

Nguyn tc thquyn:

Sau khi bi thng cho ngi c bo him, ngi bo him c quyn thay

mt ngi c bo him i bi thng tngi th 3 c trch nhim.

2.2. Phn loi bo him

(*) 4 tiu ch phn loi:

Theo c chbo him: Bo him X hi v Bo him Thng mi

Theo tnh cht bo him: BH Nhn th v Phi nhn th

Theo quy nh: BH bt buc v BH T nguyn

Theo i tng bo him: BH ti sn, BH con ngi v BH trch nhim

Kt lun:

Trn y l nhng kin thc tng quan v bo him. Chng ta cn hiu v nh

nhng ni dung chnh ddng hn cho vic nghin cu cc phn sau.


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II. BO HIM HNG HI

Lu : y l chng quan trng nht trong mn hc nn mt yu cu bt buc

l nm vng ton b kin thc cn bn.

V nhng vn lin quan n bo him hng hi rt phc tp nn chng ta nn

hc theo h thng gm 3 nghip v bo him:

BH hng ha xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng bin (2)

BH thn tu (3)

BH trch nhim dn s(4)

Ngoi ra cn nhnh ngha BHHH, cc loi ri ro v tn tht trong BHHH(1).

(1)BHHH, cc loi ri ro v tn tht trong BHHH

(*) (1.1)nh ngha

BHHH l bo him nhng ri rolin quan n hnh trnh ng bin (c thtrn

b, trn sng hoc trn bin, min l c lin quan n hnh trnh), gy tn tht cho cc

i tng bo him chuyn chtrn bin.

(*) (1.2) Ri ro trong BHHH

Phn chia theo nghip v th ri ro BHHH bao gm 3 loi: Ri ro thng thng

c bo him, ri ro phi bo him ring v ri ro loi tr.

ng nhin l nu nhc ton b nhng ri ro ny l iu v cng ng qu

:-j, nhng vi nhng ai khng c kin nhn hc th cn nhnhng iu sau:


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1.2.1 Ri ro thng thng c bo him:

Ri ro thng thng c n hn 20 ri ro nhng chia thnh 4 ri ro chnh, cn

li l ri ro ph nn cc bn ch cn nm chc 4 ri ro chnhv c qua v ri ro ph

(n lc thy c bt kth cn c ci m ni). 4 ri ro chnh bao gm:

- MC CN: L hin tng y tu st y bin hoc chm chng ngi vt lm

tu khng thtip tc hnh trnh v phi c trgip tbn ngoi.

Nu v tu ch chm y v sau li tip tc hnh trnh nh bnh thng th ko

c coi l mc cn (trng hp thy triu).

-M: L trng hp tu b chm hn xung nc v khng thtip tc hnhtrnh (ch , chm # m- trng hp tu chm nhng do chhng nha nn sau li

ni ln th khng c coi l m)

- CHY, N: L trng hp xy ra phn ng ha hc c ta nhit v pht ra nh

sng. Nhng chy phi n mc lm hnh trnh tu bgin on th mi c coi l ri

ro c bo him (ch ch chy lm hng 1 ni hi nhng tu vn tip tc hnh trnh

c th khng c tnh l ri ro c bo him).

Bn bo him chp nhn bi thng ri ro chy, n do nguyn nhn khch quan

(st nh, s sut ca con ngi gy ra) d la to hay nh. ng thi, bn bo him vn

phi chu trch nhim bi thng trong trng hp chy do hon cnh chnh ng(c

t chy khi b bt, hoc tiu hy trnh dch bnh). Trng hp hng tbc chy

th skhng c bo him, tuy nhin hng bchy lan sang li c bn bo him bi

thng.

-M VA: l hin tng phng tin vn chuyn m hoc va chm vi vt th

chuyn ng hay cnh khc (trnc). Trng hp m va vo bng vn thuc phm

vi bo him ca bn bo him. Tuy nhin c 1 iu lu l ti 1 s hp ng bo him

chquy nh ri ro m va l vic m hoc va vo tu khc. Ri ro tu m va tu l vn


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kh phc tp. V d: tu m va vo m neo ca tu hay b phn khc ca tu th cng

c tnh l ri ro m va tu vi tu.

Ngoi 4 ri ro chnh cn nm vng trn, chng ta cn k thm v 1 s ri ro ph

cng kh quan trng trong phn ri ro thng thng c bo him:

-MT TCH: l vic khng nhn c bt c tin tc g ca tu trong khong thi

gian hp l ( Php, khong thi gian ny l 6 thng i vi hnh trnh thng thng

v 12 thng cho hnh trnh xa. VN, khong thi gian = 3 ln hnh trnh nhng phi

>= 3 thng)

-Nm hng xung bin, trm cp, giao thiu hng, rch, v, cong vnh, hp hi,

cp bin, mc cu,

1.2.2. Ri ro phi c bo him ring (2):

- Chin tranh:

+ Chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng khi ngha, phn lon hoc qun

chng ni dy khi xy ra nhng bin c ny hoc do bt khnh ng th

ch no khc ca mt th lc tham chin hay chng li th lc .

+ Vic chim, bt gi, cm gi ti sn hoc kim ch (trkhi do cp bin

v trong trng hp ang p dng iu kin "A") v hu qu hay bt k

mu toan no pht sinh t nhng s vic ny.

+ Mn, thu li, bom hay nhng v kh chin tranh khc ang tri dt.

-nh cng:

+ Do nhng ngi nh cng hay cng nhn b cm xng gy ra hoc do

nhng ngi tham gia cc v gy ri trong lao ng, lm no lon hoc bo

ng gy ra.


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+ Pht sinh t nhng cuc nh cng, cm xng nhng v gy ri trong

lao ng, phn lon hoc bo ng.

+ Do bt k k khng b no hoc do bt k ngi no ang hnh ng v

mt l do chnh tr no gy ra.

1.2.3. Ri ro loi tr(9):

Bun lu

Ph bao vy

n t, ni t Li ca ngi bo him

Mt gi, st gi

Ch tu mt khnng ti chnh

Tu i chch hng

Hao ht t nhin

Tu khng khnng ibin (khng trang by cc vt phm v

trang thit b cn thit cho chuyn i)

(*) (1.3) Tn tht trong BHHH

1.3.1. Cn cvo mc tn tht

- Tn tht b phn: bh hng 1 phn (v slng, trng lng,)

- Tn tht ton b (thc t - hhng, mt mt 100% gi tr hoc c tnhcha

h hng ton b, c thtrnh khi nhng phi b ra chi ph ln hn c gi tr)


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1.3.2. Cn ctheo tnh cht c lin quan

- Tn tht ring

- Tn tht chung

im khc nhau Tn tht chung Tn tht ring

- Tnh cht tn tht - Hi sinh - Ngu nhin

- Nguyn nhn - Hnh ng c - Thin tai, tai nn, bt ng

- Hu qu - V an ton chung cho cc

quyn li trn tu

- Tn tht quyn li bn no

bn chu

Tn tht chung bao gm hy sinh tn tht chung v chi ph tn tht chung.

KT LUN: Tm li, phn tng quan v BHHH chng ta cn nh:

BHHH l g?

Ri ro trong BHHH? hc k 4 ri ro chnh, c qua cc ri ro ph, ri

ro bo him ring, v ri ro loi tr).

Tn tht trong BHHH? tp trung vo phn tn tht chung v tn thtring.

Sau y chng ta s xt ti 3 nghip v bo him hng hi (y l 3 phn ct li)

(2) BH Hng ha xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng bin

-i tng bo him: Hng ha c quy nh trong hp ng

- Quyn li c BH:

+ Bn thn hng ha

+ Li c tnh (thng = 10% gi tr bo him)


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+ trgi tng thm

+ Thu NK

(*) Gi trbo him v stin bo him

S tin bo him (A) l gii hn trch nhim m nh bo him phi tr khi

hng b tn tht v l s tin m ngi tham gia bo him mun bo him

Gi tr bo him l gi tr ca i tng bo him, l gi tr thc ca hng

ha em i bo him (V).

C thA = V nhng cng c khi khc nhau ty theo mun ca ngi

bo him. Lut php khng cho php A > V, v vy trong trng hp A>=V m

hng b tn tht th bn bo him s tr theo V ch khng tr theo A. Nu A < V

th s bi thng theo A.

Tm li l ch cn nhgia A v V lun chn ci nhhn

(*) Thi hn bo him

-Khng gian: Bo him ny c hiu lc tkhi i tng bo him ri kho, ni

cha hng hay ni lu gi bt u vn chuyn v kt thc khi:

+ Giao vo kho ca ngi nhn hng, hay ni cha hng ghi trong hp

ng bo him

+ Giao n bt k 1 ni cha hng no trc khi n ni n, do ngi

c bo him la chn lu kho, phn phi, cung cp hng ha

- Thi gian: Sau 60 ngy k t ngy ton bhng ha c dkhi tu hoc ti

cng dcui cng, ty trng hp no xy ra trc


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(*)Cc iu kin bo him:

Vcc iu kin bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin th chng

ta cn nhl c 3 loi : A, B, C theo ICC (ca ILU - nh) hoc theo QTC ( Vit

Nam)

Cc iu kin ny u c trong sch, nhng d nh hn, mnh s lp

bng tng hp so snh:

1, ICC (ca Vin ILU - Anh)

(*) im c bit l iu kin loi A chquy nh nhng ri ro loi tr, v

a ra quy nh bo him mi ri ro khng thuc ri ro loi tr. Trong khi 2iu kin B v C nu r c 2 phn ri ro c bo him v ri ro loi tr.

Ngoi ra, c3 iu kin A, B, C u c quy nh viu khon tn thtchungv iu khon Tu m va cng c li.

Ri ro A B C

I. Mt mt, hhi hp l quy cho l:- Chy n X X

- Mc cn, m, lt p X X

- Dhng ti cng lnh nn X X

- Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt

hoc trt bnh

X X

- Tu m va vi bt k vt th no bn ngoi

(trnc)

X X

- ng t, ni la, st X -

II. Mt mt, h hi gy ra bi:


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- Hy sinh tn tht chung GA X X

- Nm hng xung bin hoc nc cun tri X X

-Nc bin xm nhp X -

II. Mt nguyn kin khi xp d X -

IV. iu khon tn tht chung X X X

V. iu khon Tu m va cng c li X X X

VI. Quy nh ri ro loi tr X X X

- Loi tr chung:

+ Hnh vi xu, c ca ngi c BH

+ Hao ht t nhin

+ Bao b ng gi khng thch hp

+ Ni t, n t

+ Chm tr hnh trnh

+ Bt lc ti chnh

+ V kh hoc v n ht nhn

- Loi tr tu khng khnng i bin v

khng thch hp cho vic chuyn ch

- Loi tr chin tranh

- Loi trnh cng

(*)iu khon loi tr: Hng ho hay mtb phn ca hng ho b hhi c ch tm

do hnh ng sai lm ca bt k ngi no

gy ra

- X X


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2, QTC (1990)

Nhng quy nh ca QTC 1990 vc bn l ging vi ICC 1982, nhng

khc ch QTC 1990 c thm iu khon Hng ha b mt do tu hoc phng

tin chhng mt tch v c nhng quy nh khc viu khon ri ro loi tr

Ri ro A B C

I. Mt mt, h hi hp l quy cho l:

- Chy n X X

- Mc cn, m, lt p X X

- Dhng ti cng lnh nn X X- Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt

hoc trt bnh

X X

- Tu m va tu hoc bt k vt th no bn

ngoi (trnc)

X X

- ng t, ni la, st X -

II. Mt mt, h hi gy ra bi:

- Hy sinh tn tht chung GA X X

- Nm hng xung bin hoc nc cun tri X X

-Nc bin xm nhp X -

II. Mt nguyn kin khi xp d X -

III. Hng ha b mt do tu hoc phng tin

chhng mt tch

X X

IV. iu khon tn tht chung X X X


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V. iu khon Tu m va cng c li X X X

IV. Quy nh ri ro loi tr X X X- Loi tr chung:

+ Hnh vi xu, c ca ngi c BH

+ Hao ht t nhin

+ Bao b ng gi khng thch hp

+ Ni t, n t

+ Chm tr hnh trnh

+ Bt lc ti chnh

+ V kh hoc v n ht nhn

- Tu khng kh nng i bin v khng

thch hp cho vic chuyn ch

- Loi tr chin tranh

- Loi trnh cng

(*)iu khon loi tr: Hng ho hay mt

b phn ca hng ho b hhi c ch tm

do hnh ng sai lm ca bt k ngi no

gy ra

- X X

KT LUN: V phn BH hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin, chng ta cn ghi nh

1 s sau:

Gi tr v s tin bo him + Thi hn bo him

Cc iu kin A, B, C


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(3) BH Thn tu

- i tng bo him:

Bn thn con tu

Cc ph (


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- Trch nhim v nhim trong tai nn m va

- Chi ph di chuyn hay ph hy chng xc tu

- Chi ph nh du tu m

(*) Cc iu kin bo him thn tu:

Khc vi bo him hng ha phn trc, cc iu kin bo him thn tu khng

phn chia thnh cc iu kin A,B,C m c chia thnh cc iu kin sau:

- AR (All Risks)Mi ri ro

- TLO (Total Loss Only)Tn tht ton b

- FPA (Free on Particular Average Absolutely)Min tn tht ring

- FOD (Free Of Damage Absolutely)Min bi thng tn tht b phn

Sau y l bng so snh:

AR TLO FOD

I. Ri ro c bo him

- Tai ha ca bin X X -

- Chy, n X X -

- Trm cp t ngoi tu X X -

- Vt hng xung bin X X -

- Cp bin X X -

- Tai nn trong xp d, di chuyn hng X X -

- m va (cc phng tin vn chuynni a, thit b cng, my bay)

X X X

- ng t, ni la phun, st nh X X X

- S sut ca thuyn trng, s quan,

ngi sa cha (khng phi ngi

X X X


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c bo him)

- N ni hi, gy trc, n t trong my

mc, v tu

X X X

II. Trch nhim

- Trch nhim m va X - X

- Chi ph bo tn, t tng, chi ph cu

nn

X - X

- Trch nhim nhim du X X -

- ng gp tn tht chung X - X

- Cam kt bo him chi ph hot ng X - -

- Hon li ph bo him do tu nm x

hay do hy hp ng

X - -

III. Ri ro loi tr X - -

( Trang 7172Sch GT)

iu kin bo him FPA rt ngn nn cc bn tham kho trang 74Sch GT.

(4) Bo him Trch nhim dn s

Nh xt phn trn, trong trng hp 2 tu m va cng c li, ngi bo

him thn tu phi chu trch nhim bi thng ton b thit hi v tu cng thm

trch nhim m va ca tu c bo him . Vy cn li th ai s l ngi chu??

ng nhin l nu khng c s can thip ca bn bo him th ch tu s phi chu

khon . Tuy nhin, b p nhng khon tn tht nh vy, ch tu c th chn gii

php l tham gia hi bo him P & I chia s phn trch nhim dn s (do ri ro m va


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gy ra) cho cc ch tu khc. Vy khi hi P & I l g v khi tham gia, ch tu s nhn

c nhng g?

So vi cng ty bo him thng mi thng thng, hi P & I c nhng im khc

bit sau:

- Ngi bo him ng thi l ngi c bo him (v hi ny l do ch tu

thnh vin lp ra t bo him cho mnh)

- Ph ca hi khng xc nh theo 1 t l v mc ph cnh. m bo hot

ng ca hi, cc ch tu ng ph tm tnh hng nm, sau nu thiu th ng ph

ng sau, nu tha th chuyn sang nm sau hoc a vo qu d tr ca hi.

- Hi hot ng khng v mc ch thng mim l phc vv gip cc

chtu kinh doanh. Do y l 1 t chc cung cp bo him khng gii hn.

Khi xy ra tn tht gy ra bi nhng ri ro c quy nh, hi sng ra chu

trch nhim bi thng cho ch tu gp nn. C thnh sau:

-V trch nhim m va(i vi tu k hp ng bo him thn tu):

Hi s bi thng trch nhim m va hoc s tin trch nhim vt qu

s tin bo him thn tu m bn bo him thn tu khng chu.

-i vi xc tu, trong trng hp c ch tu v ngi bo him thn tu t b

con tu th hi s bi thng cho ch tu v chi ph gii quyt xc tu (nh nh du, trc

vt xc tu,).

-Trch nhim v nhim du: Chi ph ty ra nhim, thit hi ti vng nc

nhim, tin pht nhim,

-Trch nhim vcon ngi: chi ph khm cha, mai tng, trcp hi hng,


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- Trch nhim v hng ha: Hi s bi thng cho ch tu thnh vin trch

nhim hoc chi ph ph tri m ch tu khng thi bi thng t bt c bn no khc,

(cc trch nhim pht sinh t vi phm ca ch tu).

-Tin pht ca ta n, chnh quyn, cng, hi quan

Trn y l nhng ri ro c bo him ph bin nht, cn ton b phm vi bo

him ca hi c lit k c th gm 24 ri roc bo him trong Class 1Hi bo

him trch nhim ch tu min Ty nc Anhtrang 83 - 95 Sch GT. Cc bn c th

tham kho thm.

KT LUN CHNG II

Nh cp u chng, v bo him hng hi, ngoi nhng kin thc tng

quan, chng ta cn nh l c 3 nghip v chnh, mi nghip v li c c im ring.

Nhc n bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin, chng ta cn nhngay l

n c 3 iu kin A, B, C cn nhc n bo him thn tu th cn nhn c 4 iu

kin: AR, TLO, FOD, FPA.

III. BO HIM HNG KHNG

Trc ht, chng ta cn ni qua v Bo him hng khng, y l bo him nhng

ri ro lin quan ti hnh trnh chuyn chbng ng hng khng (c thbao gm

c ri ro trn b, min l n c lin quan n hnh trnh).

BHHK bao gm rt nhiu nghip v(trong sch gio trnh cp ti tn 9 nghip

v) nhng chng ta ch cn quan tm n 4 nghip v chnh (ng nhin nu cc bnc thi gian nghin cu cc nghip vkhc l iu rt rt tt).

Bo him thn my bay

Bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi hnh khch,

hnh l, hng ho v t trang ca hnh khch.


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Bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi ngi th ba

Bo him hng ho vn chuyn bng ng hng khng

Cng ging nh chng trc, chng ta s tm hiu tng nghip v bo him

c th nm c kin thc 1 cch c h thng. Nhng d dng hc thuc hn

chng ta cn thng nht 1 lu sau:

(*)Cc iu kin trong bo him hng khng khng phc tp nh bo him hng

hi, nhng iu gy trngi ln nht l cc iu khon loi tr trong cc iu kin.

V nhng iu khon ny khng cn cch no khc ngoi cch hc thuc. to iu

kin hn trong qu trnh hc thuc, mnh xin nu ra 10 trng hp loi trchung cho

c 3 nghip v bo him u m chng ta s xt (tc l ch cn hc thuc 1 ln v dngc 3 ln, nhng tt nhin, mi nghip v li c thm 1 vi trng hp khc):

1, My bay c s dng khc mc ch ghi trn giy chng nhn bo him

(GCNBH)

2, My bay vt ra ngoi phm vi ghi trn GCNBH

3, My bay c iu khin bi ngi khng c tn trn GCNBH

4, My bay ct h cnh nhng ni khng ph hp tnh nng kthut

5, My bay c vn chuyn bi bt k phng tin no khc

6, Shnh khch i trn my bay vt qu shnh khch ti a ghi trn GCNBH

7, Nhng trch nhim m ngi c BH chp nhn hoc tb khc vi v, phiu

hnh l, phiu hng ho, AWB hoc cc Cquc t

8, Stin bi thng nhn c tcc hp ng khc

9, Tn tht trc tip hoc gin tip do hin tng phng x, nhim phng x

10, Chin tranh, nh cng


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Sau y l ni dung chi tit v 4 nghip v chnh trong bo him hng khng:

(1) Bo him thn my bay

Theo quy tc 1991 ca Vit Nam, c 2 iu kin bo him p dng cho bo him

thn my bay l iu kin A (bo him mi ri ro) v iu kin B (bo him tn tht

ton b). C2 iu kin ny u gm 2 phn chnh l trch nhim ca ngi bo

himv loi trbo him. Phn loi tr bo him th c2 iu kin A v B u trnh

by ging nhau, do vy chng ta s xt chung.

- Theo iu kin A (bo him mi ri ro), ngi bo him s chu trch nhim

bi thng :

- Tn tht ton b hoc b phn xy ra i vi my bay do tai nn bt ng

gy ra, trong thi gian bo him.

- Chi ph cn thit v hp l m ngi c bo him phi chu do hnh vi

m bo an ton cho mybay, nhng ti a khng vt qu 10% gi tr bo him.

- Chi ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim bo him .

- Theo iu kin B (Bo him tn tht ton b), ngi bo him s chu trch

nhim bi thng tn tht ton b (c th l thc t hoc c tnh) xy ra do tai

nn bt nggy ra, trong thi gian bo him.

- Loi trBo him: 10 trng hp nu phn lu , cng thm:

1, Tai nn bt ngxy ra do hao mn tnhin, gim dn cht lng, gy

v, hng hc bn trong my bay.

2, Tai nn bt ngxy ra do h hng gy ra bi nhng vt c tc dng ph

hy dn dn, lu di.


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(2) Bo him trch nhim dn sca hng hng khng i vi hnh khch, hnh l,

hng ho v ttrang ca hnh khch

Cc trng hp c Bo him:

- Nhng khon tin m ngi c bo him phi bi thng do:

+ Gy thng vong cho hnh khch khi hang trong my bay hoc ln, xung

my bay.

+ Mt, h hng hnh l, hng ha trong qu trnh ngi c bo him vn chuyn

v bo qun (cn c theo phiu hnh l hoc vn n) hoc do chnh hnh khch bo

qun trong trng hp my bay b tn tht ton b.

- n ph dn s

- Chi ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim bo him

Loi trbo him: 10 trng hp loi tr nu phn lu cng thm:

1, Tn tht v ngi v ti sn ca ngi c bo him hoc bn cng kinh

doanh vi ngi c bo him khi hang thi hnh nhim v vi ngi c

bo him.

2, Tn tht vngi v ti sn ca nhn vin tbay khi hang lm nhim v

trn my bay.

Gii hn trch nhim ca hng hng khng theo cc ngun lut (tham kho thm):

Stt iu c Hnh khch

(1 ngi)

Hng ho + hnh l

k gi (1kg)

T trang, hnh l

xch tay (1 ngi)

1 C Vacxava 1929 125.000 Fr.V 250 Fr.V 5000 Fr.V


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Hong Chicharito

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2 NT Hague 1955 250.000 Fr.V

(~20.000 USD)

nt nt

3 C Guadalajara 1961 - - -

4 H Montreal 1966

(hnh trnh c im

thuc M)

75.000 USD(apds)

58.000 USD

20USD/1kg

9,07USD/1p

400USD

500USD (M)

5 C Guatemala 1971 1,5 triu Fv.V 250 Fv.V 15000 Fr.V

6 NT Montreal 1975

No1

8.300 SDR 17 SDR 332 SDR

NT Montreal 1975

No2

16.600 SDR nt 332 SDR

NT Montreal 1975

No3

100.000 SDR

4150 SDR/chm

nt 1.000 SDR

NT Montreal 1975

No4

- - -

7 C Montreal 1999 100.000 SDR

4150 SDR/chm

17SDR 1.000 SDR


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Hong Chicharito

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(3) Bo him trch nhim dn sca hng hng khng i vi ngi thba:

Cc trng hp c Bo him:

- Nhng khon tin m ngi c bo him phi bi thng do:

+ Gy thng vong.

+ Lm h hng, thit hi ti sn ca ngi th 3 do my bay hoc vt thno ri

xung t my bay gy ra.

- n ph dn s

- Chi ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim bo him

Loi trbo him: 10 trng hp loi tr nu phn lu cng thm:

1, Tn tht vngi v ti sn:

+ ca ngi c bo him hoc bn cng kinh doanh vi ngi c bo

him khi hang thi hnh nhim v vi ngi c bo him

+ ca nhn vin t bay khi hang lm nhim v trn my bay

+ ca hnh khch khi hang trn my bay hoc ln, xung my bay

+ tn tht i vi ti sn thuc quyn qun l v shu ca ngi c

bo him

2,Khiu ni pht sinh t:

+ Ting ng, s chn ng m thanh, ndo kch sng t bin khi my

bay bay vt tc ting ng

+ nhim, nhim sng in t

+ Trngi trong vic s dng ti sn


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Hong Chicharito

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(4) Bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng khng

- 10 trng hp loi trphn lu khng c s dng trong nghip v ny, v chng

ta phi nhcc trng hp sau:

+ Theo ICC 1982, ri ro c bo him i vi hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng

khng l cc ri ro khng nm trong cc ri ro loi trsau y:

1, Tn tht do li ca ngi c bo him

2, D chy, hao ht thng thng ca i tng bo him

3, Tn tht do ni t hay bn cht ca i tng bo him

4, Tn tht pht sinh tskhng ph hp c bit ttrc ca cc phng

tin vn chuyn i vi vic vn chuyn an ton ca i tng bo him

5, Mt mt, h hi, chi ph pht sinh do chm trgy ra bi 1 ri ro c bo

him

6, Mt mt, h hi, chi ph pht sinh do tnh trng mt khnng chi tr ca ngi

ch hay qun l my bay

7, Mt mt, h hi do sdng v kh ht nhn; chin tranh, ni chin; bom mn,

v kh chin tranh; khng b, mc ch chnh tr

(*) Thi hn bo him

-Khng gian: Bo him ny c hiu lc tkhi i tng bo him ri kho, ni cha

hng hay ni lu gi bt u vn chuyn v kt thc khi:

+ Giao vo kho ca ngi nhn hng, hay ni cha hng ghi trong hp

ng bo him

+ Giao n bt k 1 ni cha hng no trc khi n ni n, do ngi

c bo him la chn lu kho, phn phi, cung cp hng ha


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Hong Chicharito

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- Thi gian: 30 ngy sau khi di tng bo him ra khi my bay ti ni dhng

KT LUN CHNG III

Tm li l chng ny cng khng c yu cu g hn ngoi hc thuc v hc

thuc. hc thuc. Mn Bo him suy cho cng cng chn gin l 1 chui hc thuc :v.

(*) Lu cho chng IV v chng V

Nh ni phn u Cm nang, chng II l chng quan trng nht, nhng

cc chng khc chng ta cng cn nm c nhng kin thc cn bn trong sch.

Chng IV v chng V trong Cm nang ny c trnh by da trn sch Gio trnh,

nhng ch trnh by nhng phn m mnh cho l quan trng. Nhng ai cm thy mnh vn

cn b nh hc thm nhng phn cn li (vGi trbo him, Stin bo him)

th cc bn c th tham kho thm trong sch.

IV. BO HIM HA HON V CC RI RO C BIT

(*) Khi nim:

- y l nghip v bo him cho nhng thit hi chy, st, n v cc ri ro c bit

khc gy ra cho i tng bo him, trong chy, st, n l nhng ri ro c bn.

(*) i tng bo him:

- Bt ng sn

- Cc ng sn (ti sn c nhn, my mc, thit b,)

- Hng ha (c th l nguyn liu, bn thnh phm,)


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(*) Phm vi bo him:

- Cc ri ro c bn (Ri ro A)c bo him 1 cch tng

+ Chy: Tt c nhng thit hi do chy u c bo him, loi tr:

N do nh hng ca chy

ng t hoc la ngm di t

Ti sn t ln men hoc ta nhit hay qu trnh x l bng nhit

+ St: ch thit hi trc tip do tia st gy ra mi c bi thng

+N: chc bo him trong cc trng hp:

N ni hi phc v sinh hot

Hit phc v sinh hot, thp sng hoc si m trong nh

- Cc ri ro c bit chc bo him khi c yu cu v phng thm ph

+Ri ro B: ri ro n, loi tr:

N ni hi, thng nc bng hi t, bnh cha, my mc v thit b

m p sut bn trong hon ton do hi nc to ra

Bnh cha, my mc thit b hoc cht liu bn trong dng c b

h hi hoc b ph hy do n cc cht liu

Sng p lc t my bay siu m

+Ri ro C: My bay hoc cc phng tin hng khng khc hoc cc vt t trn

ri vo, loi trsng p lc t my bay siu m

+Ri ro E: nh cng, bxng, bo ng dn s, loi tr tch thu, trng dng

v thit hi do ngng cng vic

+Ri ro G: ng t

+Ri ro K: La ngm di t


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Hong Chicharito

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+Ri ro L: Chy ni t, loi trsng p lc t my bay siu m

+Ri ro N: Ging thay bo tp, l lt, loi tr:

- H hi do sng mui hay st lt

- Thit hi ca hng ro, cng ng v cc ng sn ngoi tri

+Ri ro P: Vhay trn nc t cc b cha, thit b cha nc hay ng ng

dn, loi trti sn b ph hy hay h hi do nc chy, r r t h thng thit b

phng chy tng

+Ri ro Q: Xe c hay sc vt m vo (vi iu kin khng thuc quyn shu

ca ngi c bo him hoc ngi lm thu ca h)

+Ri ro L: Nc chy hay r r t thit b vi phun tng c lp t sn trong

nh, loi trnh b trng hoc khng s dng, n, ng t, chy ngm hoc b

sc nng do ha hon

- Cc trng hp loi tr

1,Chin tranh, cch mng, khi ngha, khng b,

2,nh cng, bxng, bo ng dn s,trkhi c bo him theo ri ro E

3, Phng x, nhim phng x, phn ng ht nhn, nng lng, nguyn t

4, Tin bc, kim loi qu, cc giy tc gi tr hoc ti liu, ssch bn tho kinh

doanh, trkhi c xc nhn trn GCNBH

5, Hng ha nhn y thc hay k gi, trkhi c xc nhn trn GCNBH

6, Tn tht thit hi ca cht n

7, Tn tht vngi, ng, thc vt sng

8, Thit hi gy ra cho ngi th3


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9, Cc ti sn cBH theo n BH hng hi

10, Cc thit hi mang tnh cht hu qu, trtin thu nh nu c xc nhn

trn GCNBH

11, Cc thit hi trong phm vi mc min thng

V. BO HIM XY DNG V LP T

(*) Khi nim:

- BHXD&L l loi hnh BH nhng thit hi pht sinh t mt ri ro bt nghoc

t trch nhim i vi ngi th ba trong vic xy dng mt cng trnh c s dng n

b tng v xi mng.

B p v ti chnh cho chu t hay ch thu.

(*) Ngi c bo him:

C rt nhiu ngi c BH (ch thu, kin trc s,) nn khi k hp ng

BH chcn c mt ngi ng ra i din (chu t hay ch thu) v ghi v cc nhthu phc lin quan.

(*) i tng bo him:

- Cc cng trnh ln v dn s, cc bt ng sn ln dng cho thng mi, cc

cng trnh cng cng hoc .

Trong , cc hng mc ch yu c BH gm:

Cng tc thi cng XD.

Cc trang thit b XD.

My mc dng trong qu trnh XD, tr loi phng tin lu hnh trn cng

l v thuc BH xe c gii.


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TS c sn v xung quanh khu vc cng trng thuc quyn shu, trng

nom, chm sc ca ngi c BH.

Chi ph dn dp v sinh.

Trch nhim i vi ngi th ba (trcng nhn, ngi lm thu cho ch

u t, hoc ch thu).

(*) Phm vi bo him:

- Nhng ri ro c bo him:

1, Cc thit hi m cng trnh phi chu.

2, Ha hon v nhng tn tht do tin hnh cc bin php cha chy.

3, Cc v n gy thit hi cc ng hi, ni hi, cng nh cc thit b khc.

4, Cc thit hi do nc gy nn (do l lt, r ng ng).

5, Cc thit hi do thin tai nhging bo, t trt, ng t, ni la phun, sng

thn, ma gi, st nh

6, Trm cp

7, Vmy (my mc lin quan ti cng vic thi cng trong xy dng)

8, Cng trnh xy dng b sp (ri ro ny cn c BH thm bng hp ng trch

nhim sau xy dng, c bit l i vi thi cng cng trnh nc ngoi).

9, Thiu kinh nghim, ssut, hnh ng c hay c tnh nhm ln nhng khng

phi l ngi c BH hay i din ca h gy ra.

10, Ri ro trong vn chuyn vt liu xy dng hay my mc.

11, Trch nhim dn s ca ngi c BH i vi ngi th ba v cc thit hi

khng th trnh khi trong vic thi cng cng trnh.


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12, Hu qu ti chnh ca nhng thit hi c BH gy ra.

- Cc loi trchung:

1, Tn tht xy ra do chin tranh hay cc hnh ng tng t

2, Tn tht xy ra do nh cng, bi cng, b xng hay ni lon, gin on hay

ngng cng vic theo lnh ca nh chc trch.

3, Tn tht xy ra do s ta nhit hay phng x (phn ng ht nhn, phng x ht

nhn, nhim phng x)

4, Tn tht xy ra do hnh ng c ca ngi c BH hay i din ca h.

5, Tn tht c tnh cht hu qu do chm tr nh tin pht do vi phm hp ng

hay mt thu nhp

- Cc loi trring:

1, Cc tn tht do hng hc, ckh hoc vin hay nhng trc trc ca my mc

xy dng (trnhng thit hi c tnh cht tai nn c thxy ra sc BH bnh

thng).

2, Cc tn tht sinh ra t gim gi tr do hao mn, do b ph hoi dn dn, do s

gi ci, hoen r, xy ha.

3, Cc mt mt h hi ca ti liu bn v, biu mu, chng t thanh ton, tin,

4, Cc mt mt pht hin khi kim k.

5, Tn tht ca xe c gii lu hnh trn cng l, ca cc phng tin thy hay

my bay.

6, Cc mt mt, thit hi pht sinh t vic gin on thi cng, thm ch ch l nht

thi.


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7, Mc khu tr m ngi c BH phi t gnh chu trong mi trng hp c s

c thuc trch nhim ca BH.

(*) Thi hn bo him:

- Thi gian bt u thi cng cho n khi cng trnh XD c nghim thu.

+ Thi gian bt u thi cng c tnh t khi tin hnh khi cng xy dng (san

nn, o p)C th tnh c thi gian lu kho cc nguyn vt liu trc nhng

khng qu 3 thng.

+ Kt thc cng trnh khi cng trnh c bn giao v a vo s dng hoc hon

tt ln vn hnh u tin c ti nu c c phn vic lp t.

- i vi my mc, thit bxy dng: trch nhim ca ngi BH:

+ bt u khi tho dcc my mc thit b xung khu vc cng trng

+ kt thc khi di chuyn khi cng trng

Nu cng trnh hon thnh v a vo s dng tng b phn: trch nhim ca ngiBH i vi tng b phn kt thc ngay sau khi n c bn giao a vo sdng.

Nu thi gian thi cng ngn hn thi gian tiu chun: Hiu lc ca hp ng BH s

kt thc ngay khi cng trnh c bn giao a vo s dng.

Nu ngi c BH thy phi ko di thi gian thi cng th phi kp thi thng bo

cho ngi BH bit v yu cu BH cho thi gian ko di.

Trong thi k bo dng, tip theo vic nghim thu tm thi hoc a vo s dng,

vic xy dng c hon thnh v cc BH cng loi khng cn cn thit na. Tuy nhin,

khi ngi c BH yu cu th thi hn BH c th mrng cho c thi gian bo hnh.


33/33

33

Trn y l ton b nhng ni dung trong chng trnh hc ca mn Bo him

trong kinh doanh. Mnh c gng tm lc ht sc ngn gn v c h thng, nhng v

kin thc qu nhiu nn Cm nang ny vn di tn hn 30 trang. Hi vng nhng g mnh

vit trn s gip cc bn n thi tt hn. Chc cc bn may mn trong t thi sp ti!!

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