The 2015 Gorkha (Nepal) Earthquake sequence: I. Source modeling and deterministic 3D ground shaking

Shengji Wei1,2, Meng Chen1,2, Xin Wang1,2, Robert Graves3, Eric Lindsey1,2, Teng Wang1,2, Çağıl Karakaş1,2, Don Helmberger4

1. Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

2. Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

3. U. S. Geological Survey, Pasadena, CA, USA4. Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, USA

Supplement Files and captions:

Figure S1. Sensitivity tests for the relative weighting between the geodetic and seismic waveform data. The upper left panels show the depth profiles of slip

distributions for the weighting ratio between static and seismic data of 2.0 (upper) and 0.5 (lower), respectively. Selective teleseismic (right panel) and strong motion (lower panel) waveform fits are displayed for comparison. Here the black is data and the red/blue are the synthetics, all in velocity. The maximum amplitude of data is indicated at the end of each trace (in micrometer/s for teleseismic and cm/s for strong motion. Note that the slip models are very similar as well as the waveform fits.

Figure S2. Decomposition of synthetics to the contribution from the two asperities (see Figure 1) for both local stations and representative teleseismic stations. The red and the blue lines represent the contribution from the first and second asperities, respectively. See the caption of Figure 4 and 5 for more details of the figure description.

Figure S3. Additional fits for the Sentinal-1 data, including range offsets and azimuthal offsets for the ascending (P19) and ascending track (P85).

Figure S4. Source time function and the teleseismic displacement fits for the mainshock. The data is shown in black and the synthetics are in red. The peak amplitude of the data (in micrometer) is shown at the end of each waveform pair. The station and component names are indicated at the beginning of each waveform record, along with azimuth (upper) and epicenter distance (lower) in degree.

Figure S5. Prediction of teleseismic body-waves using a rupture model derived from joint inversion of strong motion (GPS) and geodetic data only. See caption of Fig.S1 for more details of description.

Figure S6. Teleseismic velocity waveform fits for the joint inversion of the Mw7.2 aftershock with the hypocenter placed at 18km. Compared with Fig. 9, the SH-waves with large misfits were highlighted by the blue rectangle. See Fig. S2caption for more details of descriptions.

Animation 1 and 2, Animation of ground motion for the mainshock and aftershock at 2s and longer periods.

Supplement File: rupture model of the Mainshock