CAD CAM LAB

8/3/2019 CAD CAM LAB

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CAD/CAM AND MARINEDESIGN LAB

Panamax Bulk Carrier


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Problem statement

Ship type: Panamax bulk carrier

DWT : 75,000 tones

Speed : 14 knots

Shipping route : San francisco (USA)to lagos(nigeria)

Distance :8318 Nm


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Features of a bulk carrier

A bulk carrier, bulk freighter, or bulker is a merchant shipspecially designed to transport unpackaged bulk cargo, suchas grains, coal, ore, and cement in its cargo holds.

Terminology used by the major classification societies is that a

bulk carrier is a vessel designed for the carriage of bulkcargoes , or a seagoing vessel having single deck withmachinery aft for carrying bulk dry cargoes.

The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Seadefines a bulk carrier as "a ship constructed with a single deck,

top side tanks and hopper side tanks in cargo spaces andintended to primarily carry dry cargo in bulk; an ore carrier; ora combination carrier."


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Salient features of bulk carriers

Bulkers are designed to be easy to build and to store cargoefficiently.

Bulkers are built with a single hull curvature. Bulkers are inherently slow because of their higher block co-

efficient.

The engine room on a bulker is usually near the stern. The upper and lower corners of the hold are used as ballast tanks,

as is the double bottom area. The corner tanks are reinforced and serve another purpose

besides controlling the ship's trim. Designers choose the angle ofthe corner tanks to be less than that of the angle of repose of theanticipated cargoes which reduces "shifting," of cargo which canendanger the ship.

Double hulls have become popular in the past ten years. One ofthe advantages of the double hull is to make room to place all thestructural elements in the sides, removing them from the holds.This increases the volume of the holds, and simplifies theirstructure which helps in loading, unloading, and cleaning.


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Midsection of a bulk carrier


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Mid ship of bulk carrier


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Factors affecting design of

a bulk carrier A bulk carrier's design is largely defined by the

cargo it will carry.

The cargo's density, also known as its stowage factor, is the key

factor. Densities for common bulk cargoes vary from 0.6 tons percubic meter for light grains to 3 tons per cubic meter for iron ore.

The overall cargo weight and overall volume are

limiting factors in the design of a bulk carrier.

In case of ore carriers(high density),maximum draft is reached

before filling up the volume,whereas in case of coal carriers(low

density) vessel wont reach maximum draft even when the whole

volume is filled.


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Categories of bulk carriers

Considering size as factor bulk carriers are categorized asfollows.

Ship

type

Mini

bulkers

Handysize Handymax Panamax Capesize

Range ofdwt

Lessthan10,000dwt

10,000to35,000dwt

35,000 to60,000 dwt

60,000 to80,000dwt

More than80,000 dwt


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Panamax Bulk carrier

Panamax is determined principally by the dimensions of the canal'slock chambers, each of which is 110 ft (33.53 m) wide by 1,050 ft(320.04 m) long, and 85 ft (25.91 m) deep. The usable length of eachlock chamber is 1,000 ft (304.8 m). The available water depth in thelock chambers varies, but the shallowest depth is at the south sill of

the Pedro Miguel Locks and is 41.2 ft (12.56 m) at a Miraflores Lakelevel of 54 ft 6 in (16.61 m). The height of the Bridge of the Americasat Balboa is the limiting factor on a vessel's overall height.

The maximum dimensions allowed for a ship transiting the canal are: Length: 965 ft (294.13 m)

Beam (width): 106 ft (32.31 m)

Draft: 39.5 ft (12.04 m) in tropical fresh water (the salinity and temperature ofwater affect its density, and hence how deep a ship will float in the water)

Air draft: 190 ft (57.91 m) measured from the waterline to the vessel's highestpoint

A Panamax cargo ship would typically have a DWT of 65,000-80,000tonnes and a maximum cargo intake of 52,500 tonnes.


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TYPEPANAMAXGEARLESSBULKCARRIER

FLAG BAHAMASGROSSTONNAGE40,160TONSNETTONNAGE25,869TONSBUILTAUGUST2004BUILDERJIANGNANSHIPYARD(GROUP)CO.,LTD.,PEOPLE'SREPUBLICOF CHINADEADWEIGHT73,583 M/TONSUMMERDRAFT14.02 mSPEEDABT14.00KNOTSCARGOCAPACITY3,200,392 FT3

LENGTH225.00m BEAM 32.26mMAINENGINEB &W5S60 MC 13,900 BHPX105RPM

Thetis


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TYPEPANAMAXGEARLESSBULKCARRIERFLAG BAHAMASGROSSTONNAGE40,485TONSNETTONNAGE25,884TONSBUILTJANUARY2006BUILDERHUDONG-ZHONGHUASHIPBUILDING (GROUP)CO.,LTD.,PEOPLE'SREPUBLICOF CHINA CLASSBUREAU VERITASDEADWEIGHT74,381 M/TONSUMMERDRAFT14.27 mSPEEDABT14.00KNOTSCARGOCAPACITY3,238,966 FT3

LENGTH225.00 m BEAM 32.26 mMAINENGINEB &W5S60 MC-C 11,275KWX105RPM

Coronis


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TYPE PANAMAX GEARLESS BULK CARRIER

FLAG GREEK

GROSS TONNAGE 40,622 TONS

NETTONNAGE 24,975 TONS

BUILT JANUARY 2001

BUILDER SAMHO HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO., LTD., REPUBLIC OF KOREA

DEADWEIGHT 75,172 M/T

DRAFT (SUMMER) 14.167 m

SPEED ABT 14.00 KNOTS

CARGO CAPACITY 3,182,716 FT3

LENGTH 224.97 m BEAM 32.25 m

MAIN ENGINE B & W 6S60 MC 15,190 BHP X 96 RPM

Dione


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TYPEPANAMAXGEARLESSBULKCARRIERFLAG BAHAMASGROSSTONNAGE40,230TONSNETTONNAGE26,314TONSBUILTFEBRUARY2005BUILDERJIANGNANSHIPYARD(GROUP)CO.,LTD.,PEOPLE'SREPUBLICOF CHINADEADWEIGHT73,691 M/TONSUMMERDRAFT14.07 mSPEEDABT14.00KNOTSCARGOCAPACITY3,200,392 FT3

LENGTH225.00m BEAM 32.26mMAINENGINEB &W5S60 MC 13,900 BHPX105RPM


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TYPEPANAMAXGEARLESSBULKCARRIERFLAG BAHAMASGROSSTONNAGE40,570TONSNETTONNAGE24,975TONS

BUILTMARCH2001BUILDERSAMHOHEAVYINDUSTRIESCO.,LTD.,REPUBLICOFKOREADEADWEIGHT75,336 M/TONSUMMERDRAFT14.167 mSPEEDABT14.00KNOTSCARGOCAPACITY3,182,716 FT3

LENGTH224.97 m BEAM 32.25mMAINENGINEB &W6S60 MC 15,190 BHPX96RPM


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TYPEPANAMAXGEARLESSBULKCARRIERFLAG BAHAMASGROSSTONNAGE40,570TONSNETTONNAGE24,975TONSBUILTMAY2001BUILDERSAMHOHEAVYINDUSTRIESCO.,LTD.,REPUBLICOFKOREADEADWEIGHT75,211 M/TONSUMMERDRAFT14.167 mSPEEDABT14.00KNOTSCARGOCAPACITY3,182,716 FT3

LENGTH224.97 m BEAM 32.25 m

MAINENGINEB &W6S60 MC 15,190 BHPX96RPM


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ShipName

Lengtho.a

(meters)

Beam(meters)

Draft(meters)

EngineRPM

Speed(knots)

DWT(m-

tonnes)Thetis 225 32.26 14.02 105 14 73,583

Coronis 225 32.26 14.27 105 14 74,381

Dione 224.97 32.26 14.167 96 14 75,172

Calipso 225 32.26 14.07 105 14 73,691

Triton 224.97 32.26 14.167 96 14 75,336

Danae 224.97 32.26 14.167 96 14 75,106

Oceanis 224.97 32.26 14.167 96 14 75,211

Clio 225 32.26 14.07 105 14 73,691

Alcyon 224.97 32.26 14.167 96 14 75,247Protefs 217 32.26 14.05 96 14 73,630


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Shipping route from san francisco (USA) toLagos (Nigeria)


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