Cad Cam Record

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Table of contents

1. Introduction to cad/cam

2. Introduction to cam softwares

3. Introduction to solid works

4. List of exercises

SYED AKRAM HUSSAIN 04-09-6015



Introduction to CAD/CAM

Throughout the history of our industrial society , many inventions have been

patented and

whole new technologies have evolved . Perhaps the single development that

has impacted

manufacturing more quickly and significantly than any previous technology

is the digital computer .

Computers are being used increasingly for both design and detailing of

engineering components

in the drawing office .

Computer-aided design(CAD) is defined as the application of computers and

graphics

software to aid or enhance the product design from conceptualization to

documentation . CAD

is most commonly associated with the use of an interactive computer

graphics system , referred to

as a CAD system . Computer-aided design systems are powerful tools and in

the mechanical

design and geometric modeling of products and components .

There are several good reasons for using a CAD system to support the

engineering design

function :

· To increase the productivity

· To improve the quality of the design

· To uniform design standards

· To create a manufacturing data base




·

Computer-aided manufacturing(CAM) is defined as the effective use

computer technology in

manufacturing planning and control . CAM is most closely associated with

functions in

manufacturing engineering , such as process and production planning ,

machining , scheduling,

management, quality control, and numerical control(NC) part programming.

Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing are often

combined

CAD/CAM systems.

This combination allows the transfer of information from the design into

the stage of planning for the manufacturing of a product, without the need to

reenter the data on part geometry manually. The database developed during

CAD

is stored; then it is processed further, by CAM, into the necessary data and

instructions for operating and controlling production machinery,

materialhandling equipment, and automated testing and inspection fo r

product quality




INTRODUCTION TO CAM SOFTWARES

CATIA: (Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application) is a

multi-platform CAD/CAM/CAE commercial software suite developed by the

French company Dassault Systemes and marketed worldwide by IBM.

Written in the C++ programming language, CATIA is the cornerstone of the

Dassault Systemes product lifecycle management software suite.

The software was created in the late 1970s and early 1980s to develop

Dassault's Mirage fighter jet, then was adopted in the aerospace,

automotive, shipbuilding, and other industries.

CATIA competes in the CAD/CAM/CAE market with Siemens NX,

Pro/ENGINEER, Autodesk Inventor, and SolidEdge.

History

CATIA started as an in-house development in 1977 by French aircraft

manufacturer Avions Marcel Dassault, at that time customer of the CADAM

CAD software.[1]

Initially named CATI (Conception Assistée Tridimensionnelle Interactive —

French for Interactive Aided Three-dimensional Design ) — it was renamed




CATIA in 1981, when Dassault created a subsidiary to develop and sell the

software, and signed a non-exclusive distribution agreement with IBM.[2]

In 1984, the Boeing Company chose CATIA as its main 3D CAD tool,

becoming its largest customer.

In 1988, CATIA version 3 was ported from mainframe computers to UNIX.

In 1990, General Dynamics Electric Boat Corp chose CATIA as its main 3D

CAD tool, to design the U.S. Navy's Virginia class submarine.

In 1992, CADAM was purchased from IpM and the next year CATIA CADAM V4

was published. In 1996, it was ported from one to four Unix operating

systems, including IBM AIX, Silicon Graphics IRIX, Sun Microsystems SunOS

and Hewlett-Packard HP-UX.

In 1998, an entirely rewritten version of CATIA, CATIA V5 was released, withsupport for UNIX, Windows NT and Windows XP since 2001.

Edgecam: is a market leading computer aided manufacturing (CAM)system for NC part programming. With unparalleled ease of use andsophisticated toolpath generation, it’s the only CAM system you’ll need formilling, turning and mill-turn machining.

Edgecam Solid Machinist reads native data from all major CAD systems,avoiding data translation problems or potential issues with 3rd partyinterfaces. State of the art solids-based machining includes automaticfeature recognition and full model-to-toolpath associativity.

Every industry has its own unique challenges when it comes to delivering

high quality parts. Edgecam’s wealth of manufacturing sector experienceenables customers to address continually changing marketrequirements including those driven by legislation or increased demands intechnology and safety, for example. Edgecam’s extensive customer basecovers users in markets as diverse as:

• Aerospace• Automotive


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• Oil & gas• General engineering• Mold and die• Medical• Motor sport•

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In highly competitive markets, automation is the key to reducingprogramming time, maximising efficiency and ensuring consistent use of your company’s best practice manufacturing methods. Edgecam utilises yourin house knowledge and experience to drive the CAM process withautomation tools to suit different applications - allowing you to maintain yourcompetitive edge.

Benefits include:

• Improved productivity and profitability through reduced material use• Shortened design to manufacturing time• Modular, flexible and scalable solutions• Reliable installation, training and support• Easy access to new markets such as sheet metal

Introduction to Solid Works

Solid Works is a 3D mechanical CAD (computer-aided design) program that

runs on Microsoft Windows and was developed by Solid Works Corporation -

now a subsidiary of Dassault Systems, S. A. Solid Works was introduced in

1995 as a low-cost competitor to CAD programs such as Pro/ENGINEER, I-DEAS, Uni graphics, AutoCAD and CATIA. Solid Works is a para solid-based

solid modeler, and utilizes a parametric feature-based approach to create

models and assemblies.

Parameters refer to constraints whose values determine the shape or

geometry of the model or assembly. Parameters can be either numeric

parameters, such as line lengths or circle diameters, or geometric


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parameters, such as tangent, parallel, concentric, horizontal or vertical, etc.

Numeric parameters can be associated with each other through the use of

relations, which allows them to capture design intent.

Features refer to the building blocks of the part. They are the shapes and

operations that construct the part. Shape-based features typically begin witha 2D or 3D sketch of shapes such as bosses, holes, slots, etc. This shape is

then extruded or cut to add or remove material from the part. Operation-

based features are not sketch-based, and include features such fillets,

chamfers, shells, applying draft to the faces of a part, etc.

Building a model in Solid Works usually starts with a 2D sketch (although 3D

sketches are available for power users). The sketch consists of geometry

such as points, lines, arcs, conics, and splines. Dimensions are added to the

sketch to define the size and location of the geometry. Relations are used to

define attributes such as tangency, parallelism, perpendicularity, andconcentricity. The parametric nature of Solid Works means that the

dimensions and relations drive the geometry, not the other way around. The

dimensions in the sketch can be controlled independently, or by relationships

to other parameters inside or outside of the sketch.

Solid Works pioneered the ability of a user to roll back through the history of

the part in order to make changes, add additional features, or change to

sequence in which operations are performed. Later feature-based solid

modeling software also copied this idea

In an assembly, the analog to sketch relations are mates. Just as sketch

relations define conditions such as tangency, parallelism, and concentricity

with respect to sketch geometry; assembly mates define equivalent relations

with respect to the individual parts or components,

Sketch Tools:

1. SKETCH:

Creates a new sketch, or edits an existing sketch




2. SMART DIMENSIONS:

Creates a dimension for one or more selected entities

3. LINE:

Sketches a line.

4. RECTANGLE:

Sketches a rectangle.

5. CIRCLE:

Sketches a circle. Select the centre of circle, then drag to set its radius

6. CENTRE POINT ARC:

Sketches a centre point arc. Set the centre point. Drag to place the arc

starting point, and then set its length and direction.

7. 3 POINT ARC:

Sketches a 3 point arc. Select start and end points, and then drag the arc to

set the radius or to reverse the arc.

8. TANGENT ARC:

Sketches an arc tangent to a sketch entity. Select the end point of a sketchentity, then drag to create the tangent arc.

9. SKETCH FILLET:

Rounds the corner at the intersection of two sketch entities, creating a

tangent arc. This tool is available for both 2D and 3D sketches. The fillet tool

on the Features tool, and the corner is filleted.

10. CENTRE LINE:Sketches a centre line. Use Centre lines to create symmetrical sketch

elements, revolved features, or as construction geometry.

11. SPLINE:

Sketches the spline. Click to add spline points that shape the curve.




12. POINT:

Sketches a point.

13. CONVERT ENTITIES

Converts selected model edges or sketch entities in to sketch segments. One

or more curves can be created in a sketch by projecting an edge, loop, face,

or external sketch contour, set of edges, or set of sketch curves onto the

sketch plane.

The following relations are created:

• On Edge: Created between the new sketch curve and the entity, which

causes the curve to update if the entity changes.

• Fixed: Created internally on the endpoints of the sketch entity so thesketch remains in a “fully defined” state.

14. OFFEST ENTITIES:

Adds sketch entities by offsetting faces, edges, curves or sketch entities a

specified distance. The selected sketch entity can be construction geometry.

The offset entities can be bidirectional.

The Solid Works software creates an on-edge relation between each original

entity and the corresponding sketch curve. If the original entity changes,

then the offset curve also changes when you rebuild the model.

15. TRIM ENTITIES:

Trims or extends a sketch entity to be coincident to another, or deletes a

sketch entity. The segment is deleted up to its intersection with another

sketch segment (line, arc, and circle. Ellipse, spline or centerline) or model

edge. The entire sketch segment is deleted if it does not intersect with any

another sketch segment.

16. EXTENDED ENTITIES:

You can add to the length id a sketch entity (line, arc, or centre line).

Typically. Extended Entities is used to extend a sketch entity to meet

another sketch entity.




17. CONSTRUCTION GEOMETRY:

Toggles sketch entities between construction geometry and normal sketch

geometry. You can convert sketch entities ina sketch or drawing toconstruction geometry. Construction geometry is used only to assist in

creating the sketch entities and geometry that are ultimately incorporated

into the part. Construction geometry is ignored when the sketch is used to

create a feature. It uses the same line style as centre lines.

18. MOVE OR COPY ENTITIES:

Moves or copies sketch entities and annotations.

19. 3D SKETCH:

Adds a new 3D sketch, or edits an existing 3D sketch.

20. ADD RELATION:

Controls the size or portion of entities with constraints such as concentric or

vertical.

21. DISPLAY/DELETE RELATIONS:

Displays and delete geometric relations.

22. MIRROR:

Mirrors selected entities about a centre line. When you create mirrored

entities, the solid works software applies a symmetric relation between each

corresponding pair of sketch points. If you change a mirrored entity, its

mirror image also changes. Mirror entities are not available in 3D sketches.

Feature Tools

EXTRUDE BOSS/BASE:

Extrudes a sketch or selected sketch contours in one or two directions to

create a solid feature.

EXTRUDE CUT:

Cuts a solid model by extruding sketched profile in one or two directions.

REVOLVED BOSS/BASE:




Revolves a sketch or sketched contours around an axis to create a solid

feature.

REVOLVED CUT:

Cuts a solid model by revolving a sketch profile around an axis.

SWEPT BOSS/BASE:

Sweeps a closed profile along an open or closed path to create a solid

feature.

LOAFTED BOSS/BASE:

Adds material between two or more profiles to create a solid feature.

FILLET:

Creates a rounded internal or external face along one or more edges in solid

or surface feature.

CHAMFER

Creates a bevel feature along an edge, a chain of tangent edges, or a vertex.

RIB:

Adds thin walled support to a solid body.

SHELL:

Removes material from solid body to create a thin walled feature.

DRAFT:

Tapers model faces by a specified angle, using a neutral planee or a parting

line.

HOLE WIZARD:

Inserts a hole using a pre-defined cross-section.

LINEAR PATTERN:

Patterns features, faces, and bodies in one or two linear directions.




CIRCULAR PATTERN:

Patterns features, faces and bodies around axis.

MIRROR:

Mirrors features, faces and bodies about a face or a plane.

REFERENCE GEOMETRY:

The different commands which come under reference geometry are:

Plane:

One can create planes in part or assembly documents, Planes are used to

sketch, to create a section view of a model. For a neutral plane in a draft

feature, and so on . The items are selected before clicking the Plane option.

If the entities are selected, solid works attempts to select the appropriate

type of plane. A different type of plane can also be selected.

Axis:

Axis can be used in creating sketch geometry or in a circular pattern. Everycylindrical and conical face has an axis. Temporary axes are those created

implicitly by cones and cylinders in the model. One can set the default to

either hide or show all temporary axes.

Co-ordinate system:

A coordinate system can be defined fir a part or assembly, Use this

coordinate systems with the measure and mass properties tools, and for

exporting Solid Works documents to IGES, STL, ACIS, STEP, Para solid, VRML

and VDA

Point:

Several types of reference points can be created to use as construction

objects. Also multiple reference points can be created at a specified distance

on curves. When the entities are selected, the Solid Works software

attempts to select the appropriate point construction method.




Assembly Commands

1. INSERT COMPONENTS:

Adds an existing part or sub-assembly to the assembly.

2. HIDE/SHOW COMPONENTS:

Hides or shows components.

3. EIDT COMPONENT:

Toggles between editing a part or sub assembly and the main assembly.

4. MATE:

Positions two components relative to one another.

5. MOVE COMPONENT:

Moves a component with in the degrees of freedom defined by its mates.

6. ROTATE COMPONENT:

Rotates a component with in the degrees of freedom defined by its mates.

7. EXPLODED VIEW

Separates the component into an exploded view.

8. INTERFERENCE DETECTION:




Detects any interference between components.

LIST OF EXERCISES

5.Universal coupling

6. Footstep bearing

7.Eccentric

8.Knuckle joint

9.Screw Jack

10.Oldham’s coupling




UNIVERSAL COUPLING

Objective:

To model the parts of universal coupling and assembling it.

Procedure:

• Switch on the computer and open the solid works 2004 software.

• Model all the given parts separately by selecting a new sheet made for

drawing t& modeling parts.

• And to model a part select a plane onto which the model has to beprepared.

• Using the sketch tools draw the required part(2D)

• Then by using the feature tools convert the 2D drawing into 3D part.




• Also the part can further be modified by other editing options

available.

• Save all the modeled parts after each completion.

• Now open a new sheet made for assembling all the model parts.

• Insert components from the location where you have saves the

modeled parts.

• Fix the main component to the sheet origin.

• Now insert other components and place randomly on the sheet.

• Using the mate option, mate all the parts assembly in a systematic

manner.

• Provide the Exploded view, parts of Assembly, Sectional & Detail view

for better understanding

• Give the mass properties of the final assembly.

• Save the file after completion.

Precautions:

• When modeling a component make sure it is not under defined or over

defined.

• Give exact dimensions while drawing.

• While doing assemblies provide the appropriate relation between themating parts.

• Check whether all the parts are mating perfectly without any

interference.

• Save the current work on regular basis so that the data is not lost.




Assembled view







Exploded view




Sectional view

2D views and bill of material




FOOTSTEP BEARING

Objective:

To model the parts of footstep bearing n assembling it.

Procedure:







• And to model a part select a plane onto which the model has to beprepared.




available.

• Save all the modeled parts after each completion .



modeled parts.




manner.





Precautions:

•

When modeling a component make sure it is not under defined or overdefined.


• While doing assemblies provide the appropriate relation between the

mating parts.





interference.


Assembled view




Exploded view




Sectional view








ECCENTRIC

Objective:

To model the parts of eccentric and assembling it.

Procedure:




• And to model a part select a plane onto which the model has to be

prepared .




available.




modeled parts.




manner.








Precautions:


defined.



mating parts.


interference.

Assembled view




Exploded view




Sectional view








KNUCKLE JOINT

Objective:

To model the parts of knuckle joint and assembling it.

Procedure:







• And to model a part select a plane onto which the model has to be prepared .



• Also the part can further be modified by other editing options available.



• Insert components from the location where you have saves the modeled

parts.



• Using the mate option, mate all the parts assembly in a systematic manner.

• Provide the Exploded view, parts of Assembly, Sectional & Detail view for

better understanding



Precautions:


defined.


• While doing assemblies provide the appropriate relation between the mating

parts.

• Check whether all the parts are mating perfectly without any interference.

• Save the current work on regular basis so that the data is not lost

Assembled view







Exploded view




Sectional view





SCREW JACK

Objective:




To model the parts of screw jack and assembling it.

Procedure:




• And to model a part select a plane onto which the model has to be

prepared.



•

Also the part can further be modified by other editing optionsavailable.




modeled parts.




manner.




• Save the file after completion.Precautions:


defined.






mating parts.


interference.


Assembled view




Exploded view




Sectional view








OLDHAM COUPLING

Objective:

To model the parts of old ham coupling and assembling it.

Procedure:


• Model all the given parts separately by selecting a new sheet made for drawing t&modeling parts.

• And to model a part select a plane onto which the model has to be prepared .



• Also the part can further be modified by other editing options available.

• Save all the modeled parts after each completion .


• Insert components from the location where you have saves the modeled parts.



• Using the mate option, mate all the parts assembly in a systematic manner.

• Provide the Exploded view, parts of Assembly, Sectional & Detail view for better

understanding



Precautions:




• When modeling a component make sure it is not under defined or over defined.


• While doing assemblies provide the appropriate relation between the mating parts.

• Check whether all the parts are mating perfectly without any interference.

Assembled view

Exploded view




Sectional view








Mass properties of universal coupling

Output coordinate System: -- default --

Density = 0.00 grams per cubic millimeter




Mass = 2612.23 grams

Volume = 2612228.78 cubic millimeters

Surface area = 314793.33 millimeters^2

Center of mass: ( millimeters )

X = -23.89

Y = -16.53

Z = -42.59

Principal axes of inertia and principal moments of inertia: ( grams * square

millimeters )

Taken at the center of mass.

Ix = (0.05, -0.00, 1.00) Px = 7937140.50

Iy = (0.94, 0.33, -0.05) Py = 17337431.42

Iz = (-0.33, 0.94, 0.02) Pz = 17346442.73

Moments of inertia: ( grams * square millimeters )

Taken at the center of mass and aligned with the output coordinate system.

Lxx = 17312858.62 Lxy = 2269.94 Lxz = 489564.05

Lyx = 2269.94 Lyy = 17345440.74 Lyz = -10578.82

Lzx = 489564.05 Lzy = -10578.82 Lzz = 7962715.29


Taken at the output coordinate system.

Ixx = 22765093.65Ixy = 1033649.86 Ixz = 3147761.52

Iyx = 1033649.86 Iyy = 23575361.12Iyz = 1828087.17

Izx = 3147761.52 Izy = 1828087.17 Izz = 10167204.49

Mass properties of foot step bearing










X = -1.53

Y = -18.48

Z = 2.28


millimeters )


Ix = (1.00, 0.00, 0.00) Px = 3362107.24

Iy = (0.00, 0.00, -1.00) Py = 5270719.12

Iz = (-0.00, 1.00, 0.00) Pz = 6255645.28



Lxx = 3362108.34 Lxy = 1783.52 Lxz = 59.76

Lyx = 1783.52 Lyy = 6255644.05 Lyz = -358.44

Lzx = 59.76 Lzy = -358.44 Lzz = 5270719.25



Ixx = 3818926.91 Ixy = 39056.38 Ixz = -4548.84

Iyx = 39056.38 Iyy = 6265610.43 Iyz = -55991.19

Izx = -4548.84 Izy = -55991.19 Izz = 5723746.79

Mass properties of eccentric










X = -33.82

Y = -1.94

Z = 28.41


millimeters )


Ix = (0.00, 1.00, -0.00) Px = 5669120.74

Iy = (-1.00, 0.00, -0.01) Py = 7528884.97

Iz = (-0.01, 0.00, 1.00) Pz = 12643146.66



Lxx = 7529874.15 Lxy = 741.90 Lxz = 71129.76

Lyx = 741.90 Lyy = 5669121.04 Lyz = -158.58

Lzx = 71129.76 Lzy = -158.58 Lzz = 12642157.18



Ixx = 8761252.63 Ixy = 100489.47 Ixz = -1387874.77

Iyx = 100489.47 Iyy = 8631559.16 Iyz = -83952.42

Izx = -1387874.77 Izy = -83952.42 Izz = 14384674.27

Mass properties of knuckle joint






Mass = 293.66 grams




X = -17.84

Y = -6.81

Z = -9.83


millimeters )


Ix = (1.00, 0.01, 0.00) Px = 153206.52

Iy = (-0.01, 1.00, 0.00) Py = 693563.01

Iz = (-0.00, -0.00, 1.00) Pz = 788445.06



Lxx = 153221.81 Lxy = 2873.60 Lxz = 41.29

Lyx = 2873.60 Lyy = 693547.73 Lyz = 8.60

Lzx = 41.29 Lzy = 8.60 Lzz = 788445.06



Ixx = 195187.76 Ixy = 38524.20 Ixz = 51527.34

Iyx = 38524.20 Iyy = 815364.83 Iyz = 19649.92

Izx = 51527.34 Izy = 19649.92 Izz = 895496.76

Mass properties of jack assembly










X = 15.45

Y = 22.88

Z = 3.44


millimeters )


Ix = (0.03, 1.00, 0.01) Px = 1767402.76

Iy = (-0.94, 0.03, -0.34) Py = 10429864.93

Iz = (-0.34, -0.00, 0.94) Pz = 10651908.89



Lxx = 10447059.63 Lxy = 267749.49 Lxz = 73762.76

Lyx = 267749.49 Lyy = 1776768.80 Lyz = 96723.52

Lzx = 73762.76 Lzy = 96723.52 Lzz = 10625348.15



Ixx = 11062734.20 Ixy = 674405.98 Ixz = 134901.17

Iyx = 674405.98 Iyy = 2065047.63 Iyz = 187240.58

Izx = 134901.17 Izy = 187240.58 Izz = 11502084.13

Mass properties of oldhams coupling






Mass = 597.44 grams




X = 3.16

Y = 1.46

Z = -2.67


millimeters )


Ix = (-0.00, 0.00, 1.00) Px = 660089.58

Iy = (-0.71, -0.71, 0.00) Py = 736642.32

Iz = (0.71, -0.71, 0.01) Pz = 736691.84



Lxx = 736665.68 Lxy = 23.34 Lxz = -329.28

Lyx = 23.34 Lyy = 736665.65 Lyz = 329.12

Lzx = -329.28 Lzy = 329.12 Lzz = 660092.41



Ixx = 742217.03 Ixy = 2782.32 Ixz = -5378.10

Iyx = 2782.32 Iyy = 746903.43 Iyz = -2006.90

Izx = -5378.10 Izy = -2006.90 Izz = 667331.9


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Cad Cam Record