Upload
httpheiserzcom
View
225
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
1/96
Chapter 2 - Static Routing
CCNA Ex loration 4.0
1
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
2/96
Objectives
Define the general role a router plays in networks. Describe the directly connected networks, different router
interfaces Examine directly connected networks in the routing table
and use the CDP protocol
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 2
Describe summary and default route Examine how packets get forwarded when using static
routes
Identify how to manage and troubleshoot static routes
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
3/96
Routers and Network
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 3
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
4/96
Role of the Router
The router is a special-purpose computer that plays a key role in theoperation of any data network.
Routers are primarily responsible for interconnecting networks by:1. Determining the best path to send packets
2. Forwarding packets toward their destination
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 4
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
5/96
Introducing the topology
Topology Lab
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 5
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
6/96
Introducing the topology
Topology Lab
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 6
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
7/96
Reference: Cisco router 1841s Component
Product Description Quantity
CISCO1841Modular Router w/2xFE, 2 WAN slots, 32FL/128 DR 1
CAB-ACE Power Cord Europe 1
S184IPB-12406T Cisco 1841 IOS IP BASE W/O CRYPTO 1
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 7
WIC-2T 2-Port Serial WAN Interface Card 1
CAB-SS-V35FCV.35 Cable, DCE Female to Smart Serial, 10Feet 2
CAB-SS-V35MT V.35 Cable, DTE Male to Smart Serial, 10 Feet 2
MEM1800-32CF 32MB Cisco 1800 Compact Flash 1
ROUTER-SDM-CD CD for SDM software 1
CON-OSP-CISCO1841 ONSITE 24X7X4 Modular Router w/2xF 1
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
8/96
Cable Standards
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 8
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
9/96
Cable Standards
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 9
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
10/96
Cable for LAN/WAN interfaces
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 10
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
11/96
Examining the Connections of the Router
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 11
Serial Connectors DB-60 port and Smart port: five-in-one serial port:
EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449, V.35, X.21, and EIA/TIA-530standards
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
12/96
Examining the Connections of the Router
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 12
Ethernet Connectors 2 types of connectors can be used: Straight through and Cross-over Straight through used to connect:
Switch-to-Router, Switch-to-PC, Router-to-Server, Hub-to-PC, Hub-to-Server Cross-over used to connect:
Switch-to-Switch, PC-to-PC, Switch-to-Hub, Hub-to-Hub, Router-to-Router
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
13/96
Router Configuration Review
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 13
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
14/96
Examining Router Interfaces
Examining Router Interfacesshow ip routecommand used to view routing
tableshow interfacescommand used to show
status of an interface
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 14
show ip interface briefcommand used toshow a portion of the interface information
show running-configcommand used to
show configuration file in RAM
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
15/96
Configuring an Ethernet Interface
Configuring an Ethernet interface By default all serial and Ethernet interfaces are down
To enable an interface use the no shutdowncommand
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 15
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
16/96
Configuring an Ethernet Interface
Verifying Ethernet interface Show interfaces for fastEthernet 0/0 command used to show
status of fast Ethernet port
show ip interface brief
show running-config
Ethernet interfaces participate in ARP
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 16
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
17/96
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
18/96
Extra: Testing using the OSI Model
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 18
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
19/96
Logging Synchronous Command
In order to keep the unsolicited output separate from your input,enter line configuration mode for the consoled port and add the
logging synchronous command.
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 19
Line console 0
Logging synchronous
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
20/96
Configuring a Serial Interfaces
Configuring a Serial interface Enter interface configuration mode
Enter in the ip address and subnet mask
Enter in the no shut down command
Example: R1(config)#interface serial 0/0
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 20
con g- p a ress . . . . . .
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
21/96
Examining Router Interfaces
Activity 2.2.5.1 Examining Router Interfaces
Physically connecting a WAN Interface.
A WAN Physical Layer connection has sides:
-
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 21
This is the service provider. CSU/DSU is a DCEdevice.
Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) Typically the
router is the DTE device. Devices are responsible for converting the data from
the WAN service provider into a form acceptable bythe router: modem, CSU/DSU
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
22/96
Examining Router Interfaces
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 22
on gur ng ser a n s n a a env ronmen One side of a serial connection must be considered a DCE This requires placing a clocking signal use the clock rate
command. Example:
R1(config)#interface serial 0/0 R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Serial Interfaces require a clock signal to control the timing of
the communications. Note: WIC-2a/s support maximum clock rate is 128000 bps
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
23/96
Extra: Clock Rate
RouterB(config)#inter serial 1
RouterB(config-if)#clock rate ?
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 23
pee s per secon
12002400
4800
9600
2000000
4000000
Choose clockrate from list above
RouterB(config-if)#clock rate 64000
RouterB(config-if)#
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
24/96
Examining Router Interfaces
Verifying the Serial Interface Configuration show interfaces
show ip interface brief show running-config
ping
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 24
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
25/96
Verifying Changes to the Routing Table
The routing table consists of a list of "known" network addresses- that is, those addresses that are directly connected, configured
statically, and learned dynamically.
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 25
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
26/96
Verifying Changes to the Routing Table
Observing Routes as They are Added to the Routing Table debug ip routingcommand will let us see any changes that
the router performs when adding or removing routes.
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 26
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
27/96
11
Router# debug ip routingRouter# no debu i routin
Router#undebug all
(# u all)
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 27
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
28/96
Devices on Directly Connected Networks
When a router only has its interfaces configured, and the routingtable contains the directly connected networks but no other
routes, only devices on those directly connected networks are
reachable.
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 28
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
29/96
Devices on Directly Connected Networks
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 29
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
30/96
Extra: Directly Connected Networks and the IP Routing Table
RTA# debug ip routing
RTA(config)#inter e 0
RTA(config-if)#shutdown
00:34:38: RT: interface Ethernet0 removed from routing table
00:34:38: RT: del 192.168.2.0 via 0.0.0.0, connected metric [0/0]
00:34:38: RT: delete network route to 192.168.2.0
RTA#show ip route
-
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 30
Viewing the Routing Table Process
Directly connected routes will also be removed if the link goes down. Directly connected routes will only be in the routing table if, it is not
administratively down, the line is up and protocol is up
For serial interfaces, dont forget the clock rate command on the routerwith the DCE cable neither interface will be up and up until both ends
are configured correctly.
,..
RTA# undebug all
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
31/96
Extra: Directly Connected Networks and the IP Routing Table
RTA#show ip routeCodes: C - connected,..
C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
172.16.0.0/16 192.168.1.0/24
.1 .1.2 .2
RTA RTB RTC
192.168.2.0/24
.1 .1
10.0.0.0/8
s0 s0 s1s1e0 e0
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 31
RTB#show ip route
Codes: C - connected,..
C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
RTC#show ip route
Codes: C - connected,.. C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
The Routing Tables Notice that the routers only know about their own directly connected networks.
They are not sharing routing information because we have not configured any static routes ordynamic routing protocols.
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
32/96
Extra: Directly Connected Networks and the IP Routing Table
RTA#show ip route
C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
RTA#ping 172.16.0.1
!!!!!
172.16.0.0/16 192.168.1.0/24
.1 .1.2 .2
RTA RTB RTC
192.168.2.0/24
.1 .1
10.1.0.0/16
s0 s0 s1s1e0 e0
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 32
Routers can only reach networks known about in its own routing table.
RTA#ping 172.16.0.2
!!!!!
RTA#ping 192.168.1.1
.....
RTA#ping 192.168.1.2
.....
RTA#ping 10.1.0.1
.....
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
33/96
Extra: Extended Ping Command
RTA#show ip route
C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
172.16.0.0/16 192.168.1.0/24
.1 .1.2 .2
RTA RTB RTC
192.168.2.0/24
.1 .1
10.1.0.0/16
s0 s0 s1s1e0 e0
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 33
RTB#show ip route
Codes: C - connected,.. C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
RTA#ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 172.16.0.2
Extended commands [n]: ySource address or interface: 192.168.2.1
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.0.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
RTA#ping 172.16.0.2 source 192.168.2.1
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
34/96
12- Extended PING
Ping A.B.C.D source A.B.C.DPing
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 34
E t Li t th ibl t t h t f th Pi
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
35/96
Extra: Lists the possible output characters from the Pingfacility
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 35
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
36/96
Extra: IP Traceroute Text Characters
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 36
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
37/96
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
Network discovery with CDP
CDP is an information-gathering tool used by network administrators toget information about directly connected Cisco devices.
CDP is a proprietary tool that enables you to access a summary ofprotocol and address information about Cisco devices that are directlyconnected.
These advertisements contain information such as the types of devices
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 37
that are connected, the router interfaces they
are connected to, the interfaces used to
make the connections, and the model
numbers of the devices.
Concept of neighbors 2 types of neighbors
Layer 3 neighbors
Layer 2 neighbors
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
38/96
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
CDP Operation
CDP runs at the Data Link layer connecting the physical media to theupper-layer protocols (ULPs).
Cisco network devices, such as routers that support different Networklayer protocols (for example, IP and Novell IPX), can learn about eachother
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 38
device:Device identifiers
Address list
Port identifier
Capabilities list
Platform
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
39/96
Default Setting
Feature Default Setting
CDP global state Enabled
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 39
nter ace state na e
CDP holdtime (packet holdtime in seconds) 180
CDP timer (packets sent every x seconds) 60
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
40/96
Using CDP for Network Discovery
The information gathered by the CDP protocol can beexamined with the show cdp neighbors command.
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 40
C
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
41/96
Using CDP for Network Discovery
Field Definition
Device ID The name of the neighbor device and either the
MAC address or the serial number of this
device.
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 41
Local Intrfce The protocol being used by the connectivitymedia.
Holdtme The remaining amount of time (in seconds) the
current device will hold the CDP advertisementfrom a sending router before discarding it.
U i CDP f N k Di
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
42/96
Using CDP for Network Discovery
Capability
(Capability
Codes)
Capability (type of routing device) of the listed
neighboring device.
The capability types that can be discovered are:
RRouterTTransparent bridge
BSource-routing bridge
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 42
SSwitch
HHost
I device is using IGMP
rRepeater
Platform The product number of the device.
Port ID The protocol and port number of the device.
U i CDP f N t k Di
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
43/96
Using CDP for Network Discovery
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 43
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
44/96
14
# show cdp neighbors
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 44
# show cdp neighbors detail
CDP C d
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
45/96
CDP Commands
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 45
CDP Commands
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
46/96
CDP Commands
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 46
CDP Commands
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
47/96
CDP Commands
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 47
CDP Commands
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
48/96
CDP Commands
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 48
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
49/96
Static Routeswith Next Hop Addresses
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 49
Purpose and Command Syntax of ip route
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
50/96
Purpose and Command Syntax of ip route
Static routes are commonly used when routing from a network toa stub network.
A stub network is a network accessed by a single route.
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 50
Purpose and Command Syntax of ip route
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
51/96
Purpose and Command Syntax of ip route
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 51
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
52/96
R1(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 f0/0
R1(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 52
R1(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 f0/0 192.168.2.2
Configuring Static Routes
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
53/96
Configuring Static Routes
Installing a Static Route in the Routing Table
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 53
Verifying Static Route Commands
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
54/96
Verifying Static Route Commands
Configuring Routes to Two More Remote Networks
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 54
Routing Table Principles and Static Routes
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
55/96
Routing Table Principles and Static Routes
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 55
Routing Table Principles and Static Routes
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
56/96
g p
Applying the Principles
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 56
Resolving to an Exit Interface
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
57/96
g
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 57
Resolving to an Exit Interface
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
58/96
g
Exit Interface is down
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 58
Extra: Static Routing Recursive Lookups
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
59/96
RTA(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.2
RTA#show ip route
172.16.0.0/16 192.168.1.0/24
.1 .1.2 .2
RTA RTB RTC
192.168.2.0/24
.1 .1
10.1.0.0/16
s0 s0 s1s1e0 e0
g p
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 59
Co es: C - connecte , S - stat c,
C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.2
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
12
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
60/96
RA(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0255.255.255.0 172.16.0.2
RA#ping 192.168.1.1
RA(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0255.255.255.0 s0/0
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 60
Extra: Static Routing Recursive Lookups
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
61/96
RTA(config)#ip route 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.2
RTA#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static,
172.16.0.0/16 192.168.1.0/24
.1 .1.2 .2
RTA RTB RTC
192.168.2.0/24
.1 .1
10.1.0.0/16
s0 s0 s1s1e0 e0
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 61
C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.2
S 10.1.0.0/16 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet01
2
3
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
62/96
RA(config)#ip route 10.1.0.0255.255.0.0 192.168.1.2
con g p rou e . . .255.255.0.0 192.168.1.2
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 62
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
63/96
RA(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0255.255.0.0 s0/0
RA(config)#ip route 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0s /
RB(config)#ip route 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0
s0/0 RA(config)#ip route 172.16.0.0
255.255.0.0 s0/1Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 63
Extra: Static Routing Endless Recursion
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
64/96
Route1: ip route 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 20.1.1.1
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 64
Route2: ip route 20.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 30.1.1.1 Route3: ip route 30.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.1.1
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
65/96
Static Routes with Exit Interface
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 65
Configuring a Static Route with an Exit Interface
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
66/96
Static routes can be configured with an exit interface, whichallows the routing table to resolve the exit interface in a single
search instead of two searches.
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 66
Configuring a Static Route with an Exit Interface
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
67/96
Static Route and an Exit Interface
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 67
Modifying Static Routes
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
68/96
There are times when a previously configured static route needs to bemodified:
The destination network no longer exists, and therefore the staticroute should be deleted.
There is a change in the topology, and either the intermediateaddress or the exit interface has to be changed.
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 68
Verifying the Static Route Configuration
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
69/96
Use the following commands Step 1: show running-config
Step 2 verify static route has been entered correctly
Step 3: show ip route
Step 4 verify route was configured in routing table
Step 5 issue pingcommand to verify packets can reach destination
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 69
an a e urn pa s wor ng
Static Routes with Ethernet Interfaces
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
70/96
Ethernet interfaces and ARP. If a static route is configured on an Ethernet link, if the packet is
sent to the next-hop router then
the destination MAC address will be the address of the nexthops Ethernet interface
This is found by the router consulting the ARP table
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 70
Static Routes with Ethernet Interfaces
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
71/96
Static routes and Ethernet exit interfaces
With Ethernet networks, may be many different devices sharingthe same multi-access network so the router does not know the
next-hop IP address and it cannot determine the destinationMAC address for the Ethernet frame.
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 71
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
72/96
RA(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0255.255.255.0 f0/1
RA(config)#ip route 10.1.0.055. 55. 55. f /1
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 72
Extra: Static Routing Ethernet interfaces
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
73/96
172.16.0.0/16 192.168.1.0/24
.1 .1.2 .2
RTA RTB RTC
192.168.2.0/24
.1 .1
10.1.0.0/16
s0 s0 s1s1e0 e0
RTA(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 eth1 172.16.0.2
RTA#show ip route
e1 e0
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 73
Static routes via point-to-point links
It is best to configure static routes with only the exit interface.
Static routes via broadcast networks such as Ethernet
It is best to configure static routes with both the next-hop addressand the exit-interface.
Codes: C - connected, S - static,
C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Ethernet1S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.2 Ethernet1
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
74/96
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 74
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
75/96
Summary and Default Static Routes
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 75
Summary Static Routes
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
76/96
Summarizing Routes to Reduce the Size of the Routing Table Route Summarization: Multiple static routes can be summarized into a
single static route if:
The destination networks can be summarized into a single networkaddress, and
The multiple static routes all use the same exit-interface or next-
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 76
Summary Static Routes
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
77/96
Configuring a Summary Route:
Step 1: Delete the currentstatic route
Step 2: Configure thesummary static route
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 77
route
Host 1
172.16.1.0/24
Extra: Summarizing static routes
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
78/96
Hub
S0S0
S0 S1
E0
172.16.2.0/24 192.168.1.0/24
SanJose2
SanJose1
Baypointe
.1
.1 .1
.2.2172.16.0.0/22
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 78
Baypointe(config)# ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 Baypointe(config)# ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 Baypointe(config)# ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 Summarized route:Baypointe(config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0 192.168.1.2
Host 2 Host 3
Hub Hub
172.16.3.0/24 192.168.2.0/24
..
Default Static Route
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
79/96
A default static route is a route that will match all packets. Default staticroutes are used:
When no other routes in the routing table match the packet'sdestination IP address. In other words, when a more specific match
does not exist. A common use is when connecting a company'sedge router to the ISP network.
When a router has only one other router to which it is connected.
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 79
This condition is known as a stub router.
Default Static Route
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
80/96
Verifying a Default Static Route
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 80
Extra: Common uses for Static Routes
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
81/96
ISP
10.1.1.2/24
10.1.1.1/24
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.1.2
Default
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 81
172.16.0.0/16ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1
RTB#show ip route
Gateway of last resort is 10.1.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0
C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Ethernet0
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.1.1.1
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
82/96
Managing and
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 82
Static Routes and Packet Forwarding
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
83/96
Static Routes and Packet Forwarding
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 83
Static Routes and Packet Forwarding
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
84/96
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 84
Static Routes and Packet Forwarding
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
85/96
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 85
Static Routes and Packet Forwarding
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
86/96
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 86
Static Routes and Packet Forwarding
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
87/96
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 87
Static Routes and Packet Forwarding
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
88/96
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 88
Static Routes and Packet Forwarding
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
89/96
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 89
Troubleshooting a Missing Route
T l h b d i l i bl
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
90/96
Tools that can be used to isolate routing problemsinclude:
ping tests end to end connectivity
traceroute used to discover all of the hops(routers) along the path between 2 points
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 90
show IP route used to display routing table &
ascertain forwarding process
show ip interface brief- used to show status ofrouter interfaces
show cdp neighbors detail used to gatherconfiguration information about directly connectedneighbors
Solving the Missing Route
Fi di i i i fi d t i th di ll i
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
91/96
Finding a missing or miss-configured route requires methodically usingthe correct tools
Start with ping. If ping fails then use tracerouteto determinewhere packets are failing to arrive
Issue: show ip route to examine routing table. If there is a problem with a miss-configured static route remove the
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 91
Solving:
R2(config)#no ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 serial0/0/1
R2(config)#ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 serial 0/0/0
Q/A
Whi h t i ld i
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
92/96
Which two scenarios would require anadministrator to alter the static routes that areconfigured on that router?
The destination network no longer exists.
A to olo chan e occurs where the existinnext-hop address or exit interface is notaccessible.
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 92
Basic Static Route Configuration Lab
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
93/96
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 93
Challenge Static Route Configuration Lab
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
94/96
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 94
Summary
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
95/96
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 95
8/3/2019 CA Ex S2M02 Static Routing.ppt [Compatibility Mode]
96/96
Hc vin mng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 96