CA Ex S1M10 Planning and Cabling Network

8/3/2019 CA Ex S1M10 Planning and Cabling Network

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Please purchase apersonal license.Network Fundamentals Chapter 10

Planning and Cabling

Networks


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Objectives

Identify the basic network media required to make a LANconnection.

Identify the types of connections for intermediate and enddevice connections in a LAN.

Identify the pin out configurations for straight-throughand crossover cables.

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Identify the different cabling types, standards and portsused for WAN connections.

Define the role of device management connectionswhen using Cisco equipment.

Design an addressing scheme for an inter-network andassign ranges for hosts, network devices and the routerinterface.

Compare and contrast the importance of network designs


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Labs and Activities



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LANs Making the Physical Connections



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Basic Network Media Required to Make a LANConnection.

Select the appropriate hardware, including the cabling,to install several computers together in a LAN



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Choosing the Appropriate LAN Device

Router:

interconnect two LAN

interconnect a LAN anda WAN


Hubs: for small LAN

Switches: for LAN


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Device Selection Factors

Number of factors that need to be considered



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Cost

The cost of a switch is determined by: capacity (port available and switchingspeed), features, network management capabilities, embedded securitytechnologies, and optional advanced switching technologies.

"cost per port" calculation, cable length.

The invest in redundancy. The effect if there are problems with a single central

switch.


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Speed and

Types of Ports/Interfaces

The speed : 10/100/1000 Mbps. Can increased speeds without replacing thedevices.

The number and type of ports:

Just enough ports for today's needs?

A mixture of UTP speeds?

Both UTP and fiber ports?

The number of UTP ports and fiber ports will be needed. The number of 1 Gbps

ports and 10/100 Mbps ports.


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Factors to Consider in Choosing a Router

Similar to the switch, cost and interface types and speeds must

be considered as well. Additional factors:Expandability

Media


Expandability

Fixed configurations

Modular devices Most modular devices come with a basic number of fixed ports as

well as expansion slots.

Select the appropriate modules and interfaces for the specificmedia.


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Operating System Features

Features and services such as:

SecurityQuality of Service (QoS)

Voice over IP (VoIP)

Routin multi le La er 3 rotocols


Special services such as NAT andDHCP

The budget is an importantconsideration. The media used to

connect to the router should besupported without needing topurchase additional modules.


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Device Interconnections



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LAN and WAN Getting Connected

When planning theinstallation of LANcabling, there are 4physical areas toconsider:


1. Work area2. Telecommunications

room, also known as thedistribution facility

3. Backbone cabling, alsoknown as vertical cabling

4. Distribution cabling, alsoknown as horizontalcabling


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Extra: LAN design


Main Distribution Facility (MDF).

Intermediate Distribution Facilities (IDFs)

Point of Presence (POP)


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Total Cable Length

For UTP: spans four areas, maximum distance is 100 meters per channel.Up to 5 meters of patch cable for interconnecting patch panels as well ascable from the cable termination point on the wall to the telephone orcomputer.

Work Areas- Each work area has a minimum of 2 jacks that can be used to connect anindividual device to the network.

EIA/TIA standard: From end devices to the wall jacks have a maximumlength of 10 meters.

- Straight-through cable and crossover cable is typically used.


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Telecommunications Room

Is where connections to intermediary devices take place. Contains theintermediary devices - hubs, switches, routers, and data service units (DSUs) -that tie the network together. These devices provide the transitions between the

backbone cabling and the horizontal cabling. Patch cords connects between the patch panels and the intermediary devices.

Patch cables also interconnect these intermediary devices.

Also contains the servers used by the network.


Horizontal Cabling To connect the telecommunication rooms with the work areas, 90 meters max.

This 90 meter maximum horizontal cabling distance is referred to as thepermanent linkbecause it is installed in the building structure.

Backbone Cabling, or vertical cabling

To connect the telecommunication rooms to the equipment rooms, where theservers are often located. Also interconnects multiple telecommunicationsrooms. Sometimes routed outside the building to the WAN connection or ISP.

Be used for aggregated traffic. Backbones typically require high bandwidthmedia such as fiber-optic cabling.


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Types of Media: factors to consider

Cable length

Cost

Bandwidth

Ease of installation

Susceptible to EMI/RFI


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Example: User location



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Cable Length

The total length: from the end devices to the intermediary device(includes from devices to wall plug, from wall plug to cross-connectingpoint, or patch panel, and from patch panel to the switch).

The longer the media, the more attenuation will affect the signal.

Cabling distance is a significant factor in data signal performance.Signal attenuation and exposure to possible interference increase withcable len th.


Cost Vary from media type to media type, and the staff might not realize the

impact on the budget.

Bandwidth

Carefully consider the bandwidth requirements depends on devices(server or single user).

Currently, the technology used in fiber-optic media offers the greatestbandwidth available among the choices for LAN media. Wireless is alsosupporting huge increases in bandwidth, but it has limitations in

distance and power consumption.


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Ease of Installation

Varies according to cable types and building architecture.

UTP cable: lightweight, flexible, small diameter, which allows it to fit into

small spaces. The connectors, RJ-45 plugs: easy to install.

Fiber-optic cables: contain a thin glass fiber. Crimps or sharp bends canbreak the fiber. Connectors (ST, SC, MT-RJ): difficult to install andre uire s ecial e ui ment.


Wireless networks: easier to install than UTP or fiber cable. Be effectedby radio frequency devices and building construction.

Electromagnetic Interference/Radio Frequency Interference

Must be considered when choosing a media type.

Interference can be produced by electrical machines, lighting, and othercommunications devices, including computers and radio equipment.

Wireless is the medium most susceptible to RFI. Before using wirelesstechnology, potential sources of interference must be identified and, if

possible, minimized.


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Making LAN Connections



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Straight-through UTP Cables

A straight-through cable hasconnectors on each end thatare terminated the same inaccordance with either theT568A or T568B standards.


Use straight-through cablesfor the following connections:

Switch to a router Ethernetport

Computer to switch

Computer to hub


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Crossover UTP Cables

One end is T568A pinout, andthe other end is T568B pinout.

Uses crossover cables for:

Switch to switch


Switch to hub

Hub to hub

Router to router Ethernet portconnection

Computer to computer

Computer to a router Ethernetport


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MDI/MDIX Selection

Many devices allow the UTP Ethernet port to be set to MDI or

MDIX. This can be done in one of three ways, depending on thefeatures of the device:

1. On some devices, ports may have a mechanism that electricallyswa s the transmit and receive airs. The ort can be chan ed


from MDI to MDIX by engaging the mechanism.2. Some devices allow for selecting whether a port functions as MDI

or as MDIX.

3. Many newer devices have an automatic crossover feature. On

some devices, this auto-detection is performed by default. Otherdevices require an interface configuration command for enablingMIDX auto-detection.


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Making WAN Connections



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Lab


Real world


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Lab



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Developing an Addressing Scheme



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How many hosts in the network?

Determine the total number of hosts. Consider every device that willrequire an IP address, now and in the future.

The end devices requiring an IP address include:

User computersAdministrator computers

Servers


Other end devices such as printers, IP phones, and IP cameras

Network devices requiring an IP address include:

Router LAN interfaces

Router WAN (serial) interfaces

Network devices requiring an IP address for management include:

Switches

Wireless Access Points


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How many hosts in the network?


Number of subnets


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How many networks?


There are many reasons to divide a network into subnets:Manage Broadcast Traffic

Different Network Requirements

Security.

Counting the Subnets

Each subnet, as a physical network segment, requires a router interface asthe gateway for that subnet.

In addition, each connection between routers is a separate subnet.

H k ?


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How many networks?

To assist troubleshooting and expedite adding new hosts tothe network, use addresses that fit a common patternacross all subnets. Each of these different device types

should be allocated to a logical block of addresses withinthe address range of the network.

Some of the different categories for hosts are:


Special users

Network resources

Router LAN interfaces

Router WAN links

Management access

In addition, remember to document your IP addressingscheme on paper. This will be an important aid in

troubleshooting and evolving the network.


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Designing the Address Standard for our Internetwork

Activity 10.3.3


L b H t k ?


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Lab: How many networks?



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Calculation the Subnets


Calculating Address Case 1


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Calculating Address: Case 1




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Calculating Address Case 1


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Device Interconnections


Device interfaces


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Device interfaces


LAN Interfaces Ethernet, FastEthernet

WAN Interfaces Serial

Management Interfaces:

-Console Interface

-Auxiliary (AUX) Interface

Making the Device Management Connection


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Making the Device Management Connection

Step 1:

Connect a computer to the console port using the console cable. The consolecable has a DB-9 connector on one end and an RJ-45 connector on the otherend.


Plug the DB-9 connector into an available EIA/TIA 232 serial port on thecomputer.

If your computer has only a USB interface, use a USB-to-serial conversioncable to access the console port.

Step 2:

Open HyperTerminal (All Programs > Accessories > Communications), confirmthe chosen serial port number, and then configure the port with these settings:Bits per second: 9600 bps; Data bits: 8; Parity: None; Stop bits: 1; Flow control:None

Step 3:

Press Enter key to log in

Labs


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Labs


Summary


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Summary



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Documents

CA Ex S1M10 Planning and Cabling Network