C U R R I C U L U M V I T A E

ERICH PETER ZWEYGARTH

PERSONAL DATA

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Name: Erich Peter Zweygarth

Date of birth: 3rd March 1951

Contacts: Email: ZweygarthE@gmail.com

AWARDS

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1991 Felix-Wankel-Tierschutz-Forschungspreis (Protection of Animals Research Award) Ludwig-

Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany - Award for research on in vitro tests for the

determination of drug resistance in pathogenic trypanosomes.

1990 Award of the "Fondation Internationale pour la Substitution de l'Expérimentation Animale

(International Foundation for the Substitution of Animal Experiments; FISEA), Luxembourg -

Award in recognition of scientific work serving the animals by reducing the use of experimental

animals.

EDUCATION

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2006 PhD (University of Utrecht, The Netherlands)

1981 Post-graduate degree as a Veterinary Parasitologist (Fachtierarzt für Parasitologie)

1979 Doctorate (Dr. med. vet., Free University of Berlin)

1971 - 1976 Studies of Veterinary Medicine at the Free University of Berlin

CAREER DEVELOPMENTS

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May 2015- Scientist at the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie

October 2017 Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

2009- 2015 Scientist at the Institute for Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig

Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.

2014 Appointed as an Extraordinary Lecturer at the Department of Veterinary Tropical

Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa.

1998- 2008 Specialist Researcher at the Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (OVI) - Development of

culture-derived vaccine against Ehrlichia (Cowdria) ruminantium; improvement of

culture diagnosis of equine piroplasmosis (B. caballi, Theileria equi). Isolation and in

vitro propagation of South African Anaplasma spp., Theileria parva, Ehrlichia canis

and Trypanosoma congolense.

1995 - 1998 Senior Researcher at the OVI - Onderstepoort, South Africa - In charge of the in vitro

Culture Laboratory, Parasitology Division. Improved the in vitro culture system for E.

ruminantium.

1993 - 1995 Research Fellow at the OVI - Developed in vitro culture systems of various Babesia

species. Applied culture techniques for the diagnosis of Babesia equi carrier animals.

1987 - 1993 Research Scientist at the Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute (KETRI),

Muguga, Kenya - Developed trypanosome culture system for drug screening and in

vitro determination of drug resistance. Developed axenic culture systems for T. vivax

and T. simiae. Identified a new T. congolense genotype isolated by in vitro cultures.

1985 – 1987 Working at the "Chemotherapy of Trypanosomiasis Research Project" as an employee

of GTZ - Screened new therapeutic substances for their trypanocidal efficacy.

Monitored drug resistance patterns in trypanosome field isolates. Improved in vitro

culture systems of various species of African animal trypanosomes. Developed an

ELISA for the detection of antibodies to trypanosomes in camels.

1983 – 1985 Seconded by the Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine of the

Free University of Berlin to the "Chemotherapy of Trypanosomiasis Research Project"

(German Technical Aid, GTZ) in Kabete/Kenya.

1977 – 1982 Assistant lecturer at the Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine at

the Free University of Berlin, working on tropical protozoological diseases in animals,

mainly trypanosomiasis, theileriosis and babesiosis - Gained experience in diagnosis,

epidemiology, immunology and treatment of protozoal diseases in domestic animals.

Taught postgraduate students at the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary

Medicine on African trypanosomosis.

LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY

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Speak Read Write German fluent fluent fluent

English fluent fluent fluent

French moderate fluent basic

TECHNICAL WRITING

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Published 121 scientific papers in peer-reviewed journals; 51 as first author.

List of Publications

Dugat T, Rossignol MN, Rué O, Loux V, Marthey S, Moroldo M, Silaghi C, Höper D, Fröhlich J, Pfeffer M, Zweygarth E, Lagrée AC, Boulouis HJ, Haddad N. 2016. Draft Anaplasma phagocytophilum genome sequences from five cows, two horses, and one roe deer collected in Europe. Genome Announc. 2016 Dec 1;4(6). pii: e00950-16. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00950-16.

Ferrolho J, Simpson J, Hawes P, Zweygarth E, Bell-Sakyi L. 2016. Growth of Ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, in vector and non-vector ixodid tick cell lines. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2016 Jun;7(4):631-7. Cabezas-Cruz A, Zweygarth E, Vancová M, Broniszewska M, Grubhoffer L, Passos LM, Ribeiro MF, Alberdi P, de la Fuente J. 2016. Ehrlichia minasensis sp. nov., a new species within the genus Ehrlichia isolated from the tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2016 Jan 12. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000895. [Epub ahead of print]

Alberdi P, Ayllón N, Cabezas-Cruz A, Bell-Sakyi L, Zweygarth E, Stuen S, de la Fuente J. 2015 Infection of Ixodes spp. tick cells with different Anaplasma phagocytophilum isolates induces the inhibition of apoptotic cell death. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2015 6:758-67. Lis K, Fernández de Mera IG, Popara M, Cabezas-Cruz A, Ayllón N, Zweygarth E, Passos LM, Broniszewska M, Villar M, Kocan KM, Ribeiro MF, Pfister K, de la Fuente J. 2015. Molecular and immunological characterization of three strains of Anaplasma marginale grown in cultured tick cells. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 6:522-9.

Cabezas-Cruz A, Zweygarth E, Broniszweska M, Passos LM, Ribeiro MF, Manrique M, Tobes R, de la Fuente J. 2015. Complete Genome Sequence of Ehrlichia mineirensis, a Novel Organism Closely Related to Ehrlichia canis with a New Host Association. Genome Announc. 22;3(1). pii: e01450-14. Baêta BA, Ribeiro CC, Teixeira RC, Cabezas-Cruz A, Passos LM, Zweygarth E, Fonseca AH. 2014. Characterization of two strains of Anaplasma marginale isolated from cattle in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, after propagation in tick cell culture. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 6:141-5. Lis K, Najm N, de la Fuente J, Fernández de Mera I, Zweygarth E, Pfister K, Passos LM. 2014. Use of Percoll gradients to purify Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) from tick cell cultures. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 5:511-5. Zweygarth E, Josemans AI.2014. L-cysteine replaces microaerophilous culture conditions for the in vitro initiation of Theileria equi. Parasitol Res. 2014 113:433-5. Kenneil R, Shkap V, Leibovich B, Zweygarth E, Pfister K, Ribeiro MF, Passos LM. 2013. Cross-Protection Between Geographically Distinct Anaplasma marginale Isolates Appears to be Constrained by Limited Antibody Responses. Transbound Emerg Dis. 60 Suppl 2:97-104. Zweygarth E, Schöl H, Lis K, Cabezas Cruz A, Thiel C, Silaghi C, Ribeiro MF, Passos LM. 2013. In vitro Culture of a Novel Genotype of Ehrlichia sp. from Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis. 60 Suppl 2:86-92. Cabezas-Cruz A, Vancová M, Zweygarth E, Ribeiro MF, Grubhoffer L, Passos LM. 2013. Ultrastructure of Ehrlichia mineirensis, a new member of the Ehrlichia genus. Vet Microbiol. 167:455-8.

Cabezas-Cruz A, Passos LM, Lis K, Kenneil R, Valdés JJ, Ferrolho J, Tonk M, Pohl AE, Grubhoffer L,Zweygarth E, Shkap V, Ribeiro MF, Estrada-Peña A, Kocan KM, de la Fuente J. 2013. Functional and immunological relevance of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a sequence and structural analysis. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 11;8(6):e65243. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065243.

Cruz AC, Zweygarth E, Ribeiro MF, da Silveira JA, de la Fuente J, Grubhoffer L, Valdés JJ, Passos LM. 2012. New species of Ehrlichia isolated from Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus shows an ortholog of the E. canis major immunogenic glycoprotein gp36 with a new sequence of tandem repeats. Parasit Vectors. 5:291. Silaghi C, Kauffmann M, Passos LM, Pfister K, Zweygarth E. 2011. Isolation, propagation and preliminary characterisation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the tick cell line IDE8. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2:204-8. Papli N, Landt O, Fleischer C, Koekemoer JO, Mans BJ, Pienaar R, Josemans A,Zweygarth E, Potgieter F, Latif AA. 2011. Evaluation of a TaqMan real-time PCR for the detection of Theileria parva in buffalo and cattle. Vet Parasitol. 175(3-4):356-9. Bhoora R, Quan M, Matjila PT, Zweygarth E, Guthrie AJ, Collins NE. 2010. Sequence heterogeneity in the equi merozoite antigen gene (ema-1) of Theileria equi and development of an ema-1-specific TaqMan MGB assay for the detection of T. equi. Vet Parasitol. 172(1-2):33-45 Lallinger G, Zweygarth E, Bell-Sakyi L, Passos LM. 2010. Cold storage and cryopreservation of tick cell lines.Parasit Vectors. 3(1):37. Bhoora R, Quan M, Zweygarth E, Guthrie AJ, Prinsloo SA, Collins NE. 2010. Sequence heterogeneity in the gene encoding the rhoptry-associated protein-1 (RAP-1) of Babesia caballi isolates from South Africa. Vet Parasitol. 169(3-4):279-88. Bhoora R, Quan M, Franssen L, Butler CM, van der Kolk JH, Guthrie AJ, Zweygarth E, Jongejan F, Collins NE. 2010. Development and evaluation of real-time PCR assays for the quantitative detection of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infections in horses from South Africa. Vet Parasitol. 168(3-4):201-11. Zweygarth E, Benade J, Steyl J, Prozesky L, Koekemoer O, Josemans AI. 2009. In vitro cultivation of a Theileria species from a roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus). Parasitol Res. 105(6):1755-7. Zweygarth E, Koekemoer O, Josemans AI, Rambritch N, Pienaar R, Putterill J, Latif A, Potgieter FT. 2009.Theileria-infected cell line from an African buffalo (Syncerus caffer).Parasitol Res. 105(2):579-81. Zweygarth E, Josemans AI, Steyn HC.2008. Experimental use of the attenuated Ehrlichia ruminantium (Welgevonden) vaccine in Merino sheep and Angora goats. Vaccine. 26 Suppl 6:G34-9. Bhoora R, Franssen L, Oosthuizen MC, Guthrie AJ, Zweygarth E, Penzhorn BL, Jongejan F, Collins NE. 2009. Sequence heterogeneity in the 18S rRNA gene within Theileria equi and Babesia caballi from horses in South Africa. Vet Parasitol. 159(2):112-20. Shkap V, Kocan K, Molad T, Mazuz M, Leibovich B, Krigel Y, Michoytchenko A, Blouin E, de la Fuente J, Samish M, Mtshali M, Zweygarth E, Fleiderovich EL, Fish L. 2009. Experimental transmission of field Anaplasma marginale and the A. centrale vaccine strain by Hyalomma excavatum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus ticks. Vet Microbiol. 134(3-4):254-60.

Zweygarth E, Josemans AI, Steyn HC. 2008. In vitro isolation of Ehrlichia ruminantium from ovine blood into Ixodes scapularis (IDE8) cell cultures. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 75(2):121-6. Oosthuizen MC, Zweygarth E, Collins NE, Troskie M, Penzhorn BL. 2008. Identification of a novel Babesia sp. from a sable antelope (Hippotragus niger Harris, 1838). J Clin Microbiol. 46(7):2247-51. Bell-Sakyi L, Zweygarth E, Blouin EF, Gould EA, Jongejan F. 2007. Tick cell lines: tools for tick and tick-borne disease research. Trends Parasitol. 23(9):450-7. Shkap V, de Vos AJ, Zweygarth E, Jongejan F. 2007. Attenuated vaccines for tropical theileriosis, babesiosis and heartwater: the continuing necessity. Trends Parasitol. 23(9):420-6. Zweygarth E, Josemans AI, Spickett AM, Steyn HC, Putterill J, Troskie PC, Mtshali MS, Bell-Sakyi L, Shkap V, Fish L, Kocan KM, Blouin EF. 2006. In vitro cultivation of a south African isolate of an Anaplasma sp. in tick cell cultures. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 73(4):251-5. Miranda JP, Nascimento EM, Cruz HJ, Yin H, Zweygarth E, Oliva AG. 2006. Establishment of optimal conditions for long-term culture of erythrocytic stages of Theileria uilenbergi. Am J Vet Res. 67(11):1908-13. Naidoo V, Zweygarth E, Swan GE. 2006. Determination and quantification of the in vitro activity of Aloe marlothii (A. Berger) subsp. marlothii and Elephantorrhiza elephantina (Burch.) skeels acetone extracts against Ehrlichia ruminantium. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 73(3):175-8. Allsopp M, Steyn H, Zweygarth E, Allsopp B. 2005. Ehrlichia ruminantium: a promiscuous genome. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1063:102-4. Naidoo V, Zweygarth E, Eloff JN, Swan GE. 2005. Identification of anti-babesial activity for four ethnoveterinary plants in vitro. Vet Parasitol. 130(1-2):9-13. Latif AA, Bakheit MA, Mohamed AE, Zweygarth E. High infection rates of the tick Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum with Trypanosoma theileri. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2004 71(4):251-6. Zweygarth E, Josemans AI, Van Strijp MF, Lopez-Rebollar L, Van Kleef M, Allsopp BA. 2005. An attenuated Ehrlichia ruminantium (Welgevonden stock) vaccine protects small ruminants against virulent heartwater challenge.Vaccine. 23(14):1695-702. Collins NE, Liebenberg J, de Villiers EP, Brayton KA, Louw E, Pretorius A, Faber FE, van Heerden H, Josemans A, van Kleef M, Steyn HC, van Strijp MF, Zweygarth E, Jongejan F, Maillard JC, Berthier D, Botha M, Joubert F, Corton CH, Thomson NR, Allsopp MT, Allsopp BA. 2005. The genome of the heartwater agent Ehrlichia ruminantium contains multiple tandem repeats of actively variable copy number. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 102(3):838-43. Van Heerden H, Steyn HC, Allsopp MT, Zweygarth E, Josemans AI, Allsopp BA. 2004. Characterization of the pCS20 region of different Ehrlichia ruminantium isolates. Vet Microbiol. 101(4):279-91. Collins NE, Pretorius A, van Kleef M, Brayton KA, Allsopp MT, Zweygarth E, Allsopp BA. 2003. Development of improved attenuated and nucleic acid vaccines for heartwater. Dev Biol (Basel). 114:121-36.

Zweygarth E, Josemans AI. 2003. In vitro infection by Ehrlichia ruminantium of baby hamster kidney (BHK), Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) and Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 70(2):165-8. Zweygarth E, Josemans AI. 2003. In vitro infection of nonendothelial cells by Ehrlichia ruminantium. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 990:573-80. Collins NE, Pretorius A, Van Kleef M, Brayton KA, Zweygarth E, Allsopp BA. 2003. Development of improved vaccines for heartwater. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 990:474-84. Josemans AI, Zweygarth E. 2002. Amino acid content of cell cultures infected with Cowdria ruminantium propagated in a protein-free medium. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 969:141-6. Zweygarth E, Lopez-Rebollar LM, Meyer P. 2002. In vitro isolation of equine piroplasms derived from Cape Mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) in South Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 69(3):197-200. Zweygarth E, Josemans AI, Van Strijp MF, Van Heerden H, Allsopp MT, Allsopp BA. 2002. The Kümm isolate of Ehrlichia ruminantium: in vitro isolation, propagation and characterization. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 69(2):147-53. Wu J, Yu J, Wang Z, Zweygarth EP.2002. In vitro cultivation of Chinese strains of Babesia spp. Parasitol Res. 88(13 Suppl 1):S41-2. Zweygarth E, Lopez-Rebollar LM, Nurton J, Guthrie AJ. 2002. Culture, isolation and propagation of Babesia caballi from naturally infected horses.Parasitol Res. 88(5):460-2. Van Kleef M, Macmillan H, Gunter NJ, Zweygarth E, Allsopp BA, Shkap V, Du Plessis DH, Brown WC. Low molecular weight proteins of Cowdria ruminantium (Welgevonden isolate) induce bovine CD4+-enriched T-cells to proliferate and produce interferon-gamma. Vet Microbiol. 2002 85(3):259-73. Walter S, Mehlhorn H, Zweygarth E, Schein E. 2002. Electron microscopic investigations on stages of dog piroplasms cultured in vitro: Asian isolates of Babesia gibsoni and strains of B. canis from France and Hungary. Parasitol Res. 88(1):32-7. Zweygarth E, Josemans AI. 2001.Continuous in vitro propagation of Cowdria ruminantium (Welgevonden stock) in a canine macrophage-monocyte cell line. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 68(2):155-7. Zweygarth E, Josemans AI. 2001. A chemically defined medium for the growth of Cowdria ruminantium. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 68(1):37-40. Zweygarth E, Lopez-Rebollar LM. 2000. Continuous in vitro cultivation of Babesia gibsoni. Parasitol Res. 86(11):905-7. De Villiers EP, Brayton KA, Zweygarth E, Allsopp BA. 2000. Genome size and genetic map of Cowdria ruminantium. Microbiology. 146 ( Pt 10):2627-34.

Zahler M, Rinder H, Zweygarth E, Fukata T, Maede Y, Schein E, Gothe R. 2000. 'Babesia gibsoni' of dogs from North America and Asia belong to different species. Parasitology. 120 ( Pt 4):365-9. De Villiers EP, Brayton KA, Zweygarth E, Allsopp BA. 2000. Macrorestriction fragment profiles reveal genetic variation of Cowdria ruminantium isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 38(5):1967-70. Kirvar E, Ilhan T, Katzer F, Hooshmand-Rad P, Zweygarth E, Gerstenberg C, Phipps P, Brown CG. 2000. Detection of Theileria annulata in cattle and vector ticks by PCR using the Tams1 gene sequences. Parasitology. 120 ( Pt 3):245-54. Zweygarth E, van Niekerk CJ, de Waal DT. 1999. Continuous in vitro cultivation of Babesia caballi in serum-free medium. Parasitol Res. 85(5):413-6. De Villiers EP, Brayton KA, Zweygarth E, Allsopp BA. 1998. Purification of Cowdria ruminantium organisms for use in genome analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 849:313-20. Zweygarth E, Josemans AI, Horn E. 1998. Serum-free media for the in vitro cultivation of Cowdria ruminantium. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 849:307-12. Hanafusa Y, Sudo T, Sako Y, Kanemaru T, Kamada M, Zweygarth E, Sugimoto C, Onuma M. 1998. Identification of B cell epitopes of a 30 kDa Babesia equi merozoite surface protein. J Vet Med Sci. 60(5):563-7. Zweygarth E, Vogel SW, Josemans AI, Horn E. In vitro isolation and cultivation of Cowdria ruminantium under serum-free culture conditions. Res Vet Sci. 1997 63(2):161-4. Zweygarth E, Just MC, de Waal DT. 1997. In vitro cultivation of Babesia equi: detection of carrier animals and isolation of parasites. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 64(1):51-6. Van Niekerk CJ, Zweygarth E. 1996. In vitro cultivation of Babesia occultans. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 63(3):259-61. Moloo SK, Zweygarth E, Sabwa CL. 1995. A comparison of susceptibility to stocks of Trypanosoma simiae of Glossina pallidipes originating from allopatric populations in Kenya. Med Vet Entomol. 9(3):224-8. Zweygarth E, Van Niekerk C, Just MC, de Waal DT. 1995. In vitro cultivation of a Babesia sp. from cattle in South Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 62(2):139-42. Zweygarth E, Just MC, de Waal DT. 1995. Continuous in vitro cultivation of erythrocytic stages of Babesia equi. Parasitol Res. 81(4):355-8. Kaminsky R, Zweygarth E, De Clercq E. 1994. Antitrypanosomal activity of phosphonylmethoxyalkyl- purines. J Parasitol. 80(6):1026-30. Moloo SK, Zweygarth E, Sabwa CL. 1994. Comparative study on the susceptibility of different laboratory strains of Glossina species to Trypanosoma simiae. Med Vet Entomol. 8(3):225-30.

Mihok S, Zweygarth E, Munyoki EN, Wambua J, Kock R. 1994. Trypanosoma simiae in the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) and the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Vet Parasitol. 53(3-4):191-6. Zweygarth E, Kaminsky R, Moloo SK. 1994. Evaluation of a short-term in vitro growth-inhibition test to determine susceptibility of Trypanosoma vivax stocks to various trypanocides. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 61(2):189-91. Zweygarth E, Moloo SK, Kaminsky R. 1993. Trypanosoma simiae: in vitro studies on drug susceptibility. Acta Trop. 54(3-4):301-8. Mihok S, Olubayo RO, Darji N, Zweygarth E. 1993. The influence of host blood on infection rates in Glossina morsitans sspp. infected with Trypanosoma congolense, T. brucei and T. simiae. Parasitology. 107 ( Pt 1):41-8. Kaminsky R, Mamman M, Chuma F, Zweygarth E. 1993. Time-dose-response of Trypanosoma brucei brucei to diminazene aceturate (Berenil) and in vitro simulation of drug-concentration-time profiles in cattle plasma. Acta Trop. 54(1):19-30. Kaminsky R, Chuma F, Zweygarth E. 1993. Trypanosoma congolense: in vitro susceptibility of bloodstream forms to diminazene and isometamidium. Exp Parasitol. 76(2):213-5. Majiwa PA, Maina M, Waitumbi JN, Mihok S, Zweygarth E. 1993. Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense: molecular characterization of a new genotype from Tsavo, Kenya. Parasitology. 106 ( Pt 2):151-62. Moloo SK, Zweygarth E, Sabwa CL. 1992. Virulence of Trypanosoma simiae in pigs infected by Glossina brevipalpis, G. pallidipes or G. morsitans centralis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 86(6):681-3. Zweygarth E, Ngeranwa J, Kaminsky R. 1992. Preliminary observations on the efficacy of mel Cy (Cymelarsan) in domestic animals infected with stocks of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T.b. evansi. Trop Med Parasitol. 43(4):226-8. Zweygarth E, Moloo SK, Kaminsky R, Gray MA. 1992. Axenic in vitro cultivation of Trypanosoma simiae bloodstream trypomastigotes. Acta Trop. 52(1):79-81. Kaminsky R, Zweygarth E. 1991. The effect of verapamil alone and in combination with trypanocides on multidrug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Acta Trop. 49(3):215-25. Zweygarth E, Gray MA, Kaminsky R. 1991. Axenic in vitro cultivation of Trypanosoma vivax trypomastigote forms. Trop Med Parasitol. 42(1):45-8. Kaminsky R, Chuma F, Zweygarth E, Kitosi DS, Moloo SK. 1991. The effect of isometamidium chloride on insect forms of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant stocks of Trypanosoma vivax: studies in vitro and in tsetse flies. Parasitol Res. 77(1):13-7. Zweygarth E, Kaminsky R, Gray MA. 1991. In vitro assessment of isometamidium chloride susceptibility of Trypanosoma vivax bloodstream forms. Parasitol Res. 77(8):714-6.

Zweygarth E, Kaminsky R. 1991. Evaluation of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine against susceptible and drug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Acta Trop. 48(3):223-32. Zweygarth E, Kaminsky R, Sayer PD, van Nieuwenhove S. 1990. Synergistic activity of 5-substituted 2-nitroimidazoles (Ro 15-0216 and benznidazole) and DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine on Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 70(4):269-79. Zweygarth E, Kaminsky R, Webster P. 1990. Trypanosoma brucei evansi: dyskinetoplasia and loss of infectivity after long-term in vitro cultivation. Acta Trop. 48(2):95-9. Zweygarth E, Kaminsky R. 1990. Evaluation of an arsenical compound (RM 110, mel Cy, Cymelarsan) against susceptibl e and drug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T.b. evansi. Trop Med Parasitol. 41(2):208-12. Zweygarth E, Kaminsky R. 1990. Direct in vitro isolation of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T. b. evansi from disease hosts with low parasitaemia. Trop Med Parasitol. 41(1):56-8. Kaminsky R, Gumm ID, Zweygarth E, Chuma F. 1990. A drug incubation infectivity test (DIIT) for assessing resistance in trypanosomes. Vet Parasitol. 34(4):335-43. Kaminsky R, Chuma F, Zweygarth E. 1989. Trypanosoma brucei brucei: expression of drug resistance in vitro. Exp Parasitol. 69(3):281-9. Zweygarth E, Gumm ID, Gray MA, Cheruiyot JK, Webster P, Kaminsky R. 1989. In vitro development of metacyclic Trypanosoma simiae derived from bloodstream trypomastigotes. Acta Trop. 46(5-6):277-82. Zweygarth E, Kaminsky R. 1989. In vitro differentiation between Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T.b. evansi. Trop Med Parasitol. 40(2):115-6. Kaminsky R, Zweygarth E. 1989. Feeder layer-free in vitro assay for screening antitrypanosomal compounds against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T. b. evansi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 33(6):881-5. Zweygarth E, Kaminsky R, Cheruiyot JK. 1989. A simple and rapid method to initiate Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T. brucei evansi bloodstream form cultures. Acta Trop. 46(3):205-6. Kaminsky R, Zweygarth E. 1989. Effect of in vitro cultivation on the stability of resistance of Trypanosoma brucei brucei to diminazene, isometamidium, quinapyramine, and Mel B. J Parasitol. 75(1):42-5. Zweygarth E, Röttcher D.1989. Efficacy of experimental trypanocidal compounds against a multiple drug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei stock in mice.Parasitol Res. 75(3):178-82. Zweygarth E, Röttcher D. 1987. The treatment of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) simiae in pigs with diminazene aceturate in combination with a 5-substituted 2-nitroimidazole compound (Ro 15-0216). Trop Med Parasitol. 38(3):175-6. Zweygarth E, Röttcher D. 1987. Trypanocidal activity of a 5-substituted 2-nitroimidazole compound (Ro 15-0216) in mice. Trop Med Parasitol. 38(3):171-4.

Zweygarth E, Röttcher D, Schillinger D. 1987. Failure of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) simiae to infect camels (Camelus dromedarius). Acta Trop. 44(1):97-8. Zweygarth E, Röttcher D. 1987. The occurrence of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) simiae in the cerebrospinal fluid of domestic pigs. Parasitol Res. 73(5):479-80. Zweygarth E, Schillinger D, Kaufmann W, Röttcher D. 1986. Evaluation of sinefungin for the treatment of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense infections in goats.Trop Med Parasitol. 37(3):255-7. Zweygarth E, Sabwa C, Röttcher D. 1986. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to Trypanosoma (T.) brucei evansi in camels (Camelus dromedarius) using peroxidase-conjugated protein A. Trop Med Parasitol. 37(2):105-6. Zweygarth E, Röttcher D. 1986. In vitro cultivation of African stocks of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei evansi. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 66(2):145-51. Härter GH, Röttcher D, Schillinger D, Zweygarth E. 1985. [Experimental nagana infections in camels (Camelus dromedarius)]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 98(10):346-50. German. Zweygarth E. 1984. Isolation of mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood of camels (Camelus dromedarius). Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 31(10):786-9. Zweygarth E, Sabwa C, Röttcher D. 1984. Serodiagnosis of trypanosomiasis in dromedary camels using a card agglutination test set (Testryp CATT). Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 64(3):309-13. Zweygarth E, Ahmed JS, Rehbein G. 1984. The effect of halofuginone, Wellcome 993 C, oxytetracycline, and diminazene diaceturate on Babesia equi-infected lymphoblastoid cell cultures. J Parasitol. 70(4):542-4. Diesing L, Ahmed JS, Zweygarth E, Hörchner F. 1983. Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in goats. Response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogen stimulation. Tropenmed Parasitol. 34(2):79-83. Ahmed JS, Zweygarth E, Rehbein G, Sälker R. 1983. Influence of Trypanosoma (T.) brucei brucei infection on delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells in mice. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 63(2):149-57. Ahmed JS, Zweygarth E, Rehbein G. 1983. Receptors for immune complexes on bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes. 1. Fc receptors: enzymatic behaviour, dissociation and regeneration. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 30(5):382-6. Zweygarth E, Ahmed JS, Rehbein G, Voigt WP. Cell-mediated immune response to Babesia equi-transformed lymphoblastoid cells in vitro. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A. 1983 254(2):281-9. Ahmed JS, Zweygarth E. 1983. Potentiation of proliferative responses of bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogens by trypsin. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 30(2):149-52. Ahmed JS, Zweygarth E. 1983. Potentiation of proliferative responses of bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogens by pronase. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 30(1):48-54.

Moltmann UG, Mehlhorn H, Schein E, Rehbein G, Voigt WP, Zweygarth E. 1983. Fine structure of Babesia equi Laveran, 1901 within lymphocytes and erythrocytes of horses: an in vivo and in vitro study. J Parasitol. 69(1):111-20. Zweygarth E, Ahmed JS, Rehbein G. 1983. Cultivation of infective forms of Trypanosoma (T.) brucei evansi in a continuous culture system. Z Parasitenkd. 69(1):131-3. Zweygarth E, Rehbein G, Ahmed JS. 1982. [In vitro culture of infective blood forms of Trypanosoma brucei evansi (Steel 1885)]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 95(20):407-8. German. Rehbein G, Zweygarth E, Voigt WP, Schein E. 1982, Establishment of Babesia equi-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines. Z Parasitenkd. 67(1):125-7. Schein E, Rehbein G, Voigt WP, Zweygarth E. 1981. Babesia equi (Laveran 1901) 1. Development in horses and in lymphocyte culture. Tropenmed Parasitol. 32(4):223-7. Rehbein G, Ahmed JS, Schein E, Hörchner F, Zweygarth E. 1981. Immunological aspects of Theileria annulata infection calves. 2. Production of macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) by sensitized lymphocytes from Theileria annulata-infected calves. Tropenmed Parasitol. 32(3):154-6. Rehbein G, Ahmed JS, Zweygarth E, Schein E, Hörchner F. 1981. Immunological aspects of Theileria annulata infection in calves. 1. E., EA, and EAC rosette forming cells in calves infected with T. annulata. Tropenmed Parasitol. 32(2):101-4. Ahmed JS, Sälker R, Zweygarth E, Rehbein G, Hörchner F. 1981. Influence of Trypanosoma infection on the formation of E, EA, and EAC rosettes with peripheral blood lymphocytes from calves. Tropenmed Parasitol. 32(1):55-7.

Other publications (non-peer reviewed)

RÖTTCHER, D, D. SCHILLINGER & E. ZWEYGARTH (1987) Trypanosomiasis in camels (Camelus

dromedarius). Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz. 6, 463-470.

ZWEYGARTH, E. & R. KAMINSKY (1989) Chemotherapie Medikamenten resistenter

Trypanosomenstämme (Trypanosoma brucei brucei) mit DL-Difluormethylornithin. Mitt. Österr. Ges.

Tropenmed. Parasitol. 11, 55-64.

KAMINSKY, R., E. ZWEYGARTH, I.D. GUMM, F. CHUMA (1989) In vitro Assays zur Bestimmung der

Medikamentenresistenz bei afrikanischen Trypanosomen. Mitt. Österr. Ges. Tropenmed. Parasitol. 11, 47-

54.

KAMINSKY, R., F. CHUMA, I.D. GUMM, E. ZWEYGARTH (1989) In vitro assessing of isometamidium

resistance in Trypanosoma vivax. In: International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and

Control Publication No. 115, 485-486.

ZWEYGARTH E, MIHOK S, MAJIWA PAO & KAMINSKY R (1995) A new Nannomonas-type

trypanosome: isolation, in vitro cultivation and partial characterization. In: Proceedings of the First

International Congress of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine. Kuala Lumpur 1994, Ed. B. Sinniah, 188-

190.

ZWEYGARTH, E., M.C. JUST, C. van NIEKERK & D.T. de WAAL (1997) Continuous in vitro

cultivation of erythrocytic stages of Babesia equi in serum-free medium. In: Invertebrate Cell Culture: Novel

Directions and Biotechnology Applications, Eds. K. Maromorosch & J. Mitsuhashi. Science Publishers,

Inc., USA, 271-278.

AHMED, J.S., K. FRESE, F. HÖRCHNER, G. REHBEIN, E. SCHEIN & E. ZWEYGARTH: (1981)

Immune response of calves against Theileria annulata. In: Advances in the control of Theileriosis (Ed. by

A.D.Irvin, M.P. Cunningham & A.S. Young; Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague) 386-387. [Abstract].

ZWEYGARTH, E., M.C. JUST, C. van NIEKERK & D.T. de WAAL (1995) In vitro cultivation of two

bovine Babesia species in a serum-free medium. In vitro 31, 733 [Abstract].

ZWEYGARTH, E., M.C. JUST, C. van NIEKERK & D.T. de WAAL (1997) In vitro cultivation of Babesia

equi and its applications. Trop. Anim. Hlth Prod. 29, 60S [Abstract].

ZWEYGARTH, E., C.J. VAN NIEKERK & D.T. de WAAL (1999) In vitro cultivation of Babesia caballi

in serum-free medium. In vitro 35, 37A [Abstract].

Ehrlichia(CABEZAS-CRUZ et al., 2016; DIAZ-SANCHEZ et al., 2018; FERROLHO et al., 2016;

SANTOS, 2016; SILVEIRA et al., 2017)

CABEZAS-CRUZ, A.; ZWEYGARTH, E.; VANCOVA, M.; BRONISZEWSKA, M.; GRUBHOFFER, L.; PASSOS, L. M.; RIBEIRO, M. F.; ALBERDI, P.; DE LA FUENTE, J. Ehrlichia minasensis sp. nov., a new species within the genus Ehrlichia isolated from the tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, Jan 12 2016.

DIAZ-SANCHEZ, S.; HERNÁNDEZ-JARGUÍN, A.; DE MERA, I. G. F.; ALBERDI, P.; ZWEYGARTH, E.; GORTAZAR, C.; DE LA FUENTE, J. Draft Genome Sequences of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. marginale, and A. ovis Isolates from Different Hosts. Genome announcements, v. 6, n. 5, p. e01503-17, 2018.

FERROLHO, J.; SIMPSON, J.; HAWES, P.; ZWEYGARTH, E.; BELL-SAKYI, L. Growth of Ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, in vector and non-vector ixodid tick cell lines. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, v. 7, n. 4, p. 631-637, 6// 2016.

SANTOS, P. N. D. Caracterização molecular da msp1a da cepa AmRio1 de Anaplasma marginale em bezerro e carrapatos experimentalmente infectados. 2016. 49 (Mestrado). Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública - Pos-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ.

SILVEIRA, J. A.; REIS, I. A.; ESTEVAM, L. G.; PINTO, M. C.; ZWEYGARTH, E.; PASSOS, L. M.; PAZ, G. F. Important frequency of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a population of domiciled dogs in an urbanized area in south-eastern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, v. 37, n. 9, p. 958-962, 2017.