C ouncil of Europe Annua Statisticswp.unil.ch/space/files/2015/02/SPACE-I-2013-English.pdfTable 2.2.a: Minors and persons between 18 and 21 of age on 1st September 2013 _____79 4 Council

An

SPA

Strasbour

pc‐cp\spa

C

nnua

CEI

g

ce\docume

Un

Coun

alPe

–Pri

ents\pc‐cp

niversityo

ncilo

enal

sonP

(2014)11

Na

ofLausan

ofEu

Stat

PopuSur

Marcelo

ataliaDelg

nne,Switz

urop

tisti

ulatiorvey20

F.Aebi

grande

zerland

pe

cs

ons013

FINALREPORT

15Decem

PC‐CP

T

mber2014

P(2014)11

Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics 1

Strasbourg, 15 December 2014, pc‐cp\space\documents\pc‐cp (2014) 11 PC‐CP (2014) 11

This report has been written by Marcelo F. Aebi and Natalia Delgrande on behalf of the Council forPenologicalCooperation(PC‐CP)oftheCouncilofEurope,Strasbourg,France.

The report has been prepared under a contractwith theActionagainstCrimeDepartment,InformationSocietyandActionagainstCrimeDirectorate,DGI ‐DirectorateGeneralHumanRightsandRuleofLaw oftheCouncilofEurope.IthasalsoreceivedsupportfromtheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland.

CountrybasedinformationonpenalinstitutionsandprisonpopulationswascollectedthroughtheSPACEI2013questionnaire(Ref:PC‐CP(2014)11)andanalysedbytheauthorsofthisreport.Inaddition,duringthepreparationofthereport,threevalidationprocedureswereapplied:internal,cross‐nationalandpeer‐review.

Theresponsibilityforthecontentofthisreportlieswiththeauthors,andthecontentdoesnotrepresentthe views of the Council of Europe; nor is the PC‐CP responsible for any use thatmay bemade of theinformationcontainedherein.

Suggestedcitation[APAnorms]:

Aebi,M.F.&Delgrande,N. (2015).SPACEI–CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:Prisonpopulations.Survey2013.Strasbourg:CouncilofEurope

©CouncilofEurope&UniversityofLausanne,2015

Reproductionisauthorised,exceptforcommercialpurposes,providedthatthesourceisacknowledged.

2 Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics: SPACE I – 2013


Key points of SPACE I 2013 1. Theparticipationrateinthe2012SPACEISurveywas96%:50outofthe52PrisonAdministrationsofthe47

MemberStatesoftheCouncilofEuropeansweredthequestionnaire.

2. ThemedianEuropeanPrisonPopulationRate[PPR]was133.5inmatesper100,000inhabitants.Therewasnotedan increaseof+6.3%comparedto2012(125.6 inmatesper100,000 inhabitants).Asmediancalculatedvaluesarelesssensitivetotheextremefigures(i.e.verylowprisonpopulationratesinsmallcountrieswithlessthan1mlninhabitants),itispreferabletousethesevaluesasamorereliablealternativetotheaveragefigures.

3. On1stSeptember2013,therewere1,530,222inmatesheld inpenal institutionsacrossEurope.Thistotaldoesnot includeUkrainian figureswhichweremissing for 2013. On the same date in 2012, therewere 1,737,061inmatesand, in2011therewere1,825,356 inmatesrespectively.Yet, thevisibledecrease inrawfigures isnotreliable.Thetotalnumberofinhabitantsineachcountryfluctuatedwidelywhichmayexplaintheseparadoxicaltrends(increaseinthePPRanddecreaseintherawfiguresofinmates).

4. Onaverage,on1stSeptember2013,Europeanprisonswereatthetopoftheircapacity,holding94inmatesper100 places (median values being even higher: 96). In particular, 43% of the Prison Administrations wereexperiencingovercrowding.Since2009,theEuropeanprisondensityremainsclosetofull.

5. ThemedianageoftheEuropeanprisonpopulationwas34years,whichisthesameasin2012,butmorethanin2011(with33yearsrespectively).

6. The median proportion of female inmates was 4.70% of the total prison population. Compared to the sameindicatorin2012(5.0%),thereisnovisiblechange.25%offemaleinmateswerepre‐trialdetainees.

7. Themedianproportionofforeigninmateswas14.1%ofthetotalprisonpopulation.Theaveragevaluebeingof22.8%.Yet,thereareverybigdifferencesbetweencountries.

a. The lower numbers of foreign inmates are found in Eastern European countries,where they seldomrepresentmorethan2%oftheprisonpopulation,andthehighestareinWesternEuropeancountries,wheretheyusuallyrepresentmorethan30%.

b. 37%oftheforeigninmateswereconstitutedofcitizensofEUMemberStates.Thisproportionslightlyincreasedcomparedto2012(34%).

8. About 17% of the inmates in Europe were pre‐trial detainees. This percentage rises until 22% when thoseinmatesheldincustodywithoutafinalsentencearealsoincludedinthecalculation.Theseresultsareclosetotheonesobservedin2012.

9. Lengthofcustodialsentences:

a. Themedianproportionofsentencedprisonerswhowereservingsentencesshorterthanoneyearwas13.4%,whichislowercomparedto2012(14.9%)andto2011(19%respectively).

b. Themostcommoncategoryoflengthsofsentenceswastheonelastingfromonetolessthanthreeyears(themedianpercentageofsuchinmateswas23%).

c. Around11%wereservingverylongsentencesof10yearsandover.Thisproportionremainedclosetotheoneof2012(10%)andto2011(12%).

10. Inmatesweresentencedmainlyforthefollowingtypesofcriminaloffences:drugoffences(18%),theft(16%),,robbery(14%),andhomicide(12%).

11. The average length of imprisonment in 2012was 8months,which is the same for three past years, but it isshorter compared to 2010 (9months). The duration of the pre‐trail detention remained the same as in 2011(about4months).

12. Themedianmortality rate in 2012was 28 deaths per 10,000 inmates (in 2011 itwas 26). There is a visibleincreasecomparedto2010whenthisindicatorwasat25deathsrespectively.

13. Theaverageamountspentperdayandper inmatein2012was97Euros. It is2Eurosmorethanin2011(95Euros). But themedian amount is actually 42Euros, and it is exactly the same as in 2011.The amounts varywidelyacrossEurope:from2to685Eurosperdayandperinmate.The45PrisonAdministrationsthatprovideddataonthisitemhadspentmorethan26milliardsEurosin2012forthepenitentiaryneeds.

14. Onaverage,therewereabout3inmatesperonecustodianin2013.Thisratioremainedthesameasin2012.

15. The most recent data (stock figures on 1st January 2014: total number of inmates, total capacity of penalinstitutions,prisondensityper100places,andprisonpopulationrates)areavailablehere:

http://www3.unil.ch/wpmu/space/space‐i/prison‐stock‐2013‐2014/.



Contents

Key points of SPACE I 2013 ___________________________________________________ 2

Contents __________________________________________________________________ 3

Survey Background _________________________________________________________ 6

0.1 General overview _____________________________________________________________ 6

0.2 General notes ________________________________________________________________ 8

0.3 Main modifications made in the latest SPACE I surveys (2008‐13) ______________________ 9

Explanatory notes to the Report ______________________________________________ 10

A. Global Indicators of Prison Populations on 1st September 2013 ______________________ 10

B. Prison Movements during 2012 ________________________________________________ 17

C. Prison Staff ________________________________________________________________ 22

D. Annual Module: Foreign inmates ______________________________________________ 23

Conventions and Statistical Measures _______________________________________________ 25

Conventions used ___________________________________________________________________ 25

Measures of central tendency _________________________________________________________ 25

Demographic Data ______________________________________________________________ 26

Data Validation Procedure ________________________________________________________ 27

Statistical Tables __________________________________________________________ 28

A. Prison Populations: Global indicators on 1st September 2013 ________________________ 29

A.1. Legislative and other measures which directly influence trends in the number of prisoners _____ 30

Table 1: Situation of penal institutions on 1st September 2013 ________________________________ 42

Table 1.1: Categories included in the total number of inmates in table 1 ________________________ 43

Table 1.2: Capacity of penal institutions on 1st September 2013 (by categories) __________________ 53

Figure 1.a: Countries with more than 100 prisoners per 100,000 inhabitants (highest prison population

rates) _____________________________________________________________________________ 60

Figure 1.b: Countries with prison population overcrowding (more than 100 prisoners per 100 places) 60

Table 1.3: Situation of penal institutions on 1st Sept. 2013: Adjusted figures _____________________ 61

Table 1.4: Situation of penal institutions on 1st September 2013 by decreasing prison population rates

(non‐adjusted versus adjusted figures) ___________________________________________________ 62

Table 1.5: Evolution of prison populations between 2004 and 2013 ____________________________ 64

Table 1.6: Year‐to‐year percentage change of prison population rates between 2012 and 2013 _____ 66

Map 1: Prison population rates per 100,000 inhabitants on 1st Sept. 2013 _______________________ 69

Table 2: Age structure of prison population on 1st September 2013 ____________________________ 70

Table 2.1: Age and criminal responsibility ________________________________________________ 72

Table 2.2.a: Minors and persons between 18 and 21 of age on 1st September 2013 _______________ 79



Table 2.2.b: Distribution of Minors by sex on 1st September 2013 _____________________________ 80

Figure 2: Countries with the youngest (less than 34 years) prison population classified by decreasing

median age ________________________________________________________________________ 82

Table 2.3: Average and Median ages of the prison population on 1st September 2013 _____________ 82

Map 2: Age of criminal responsibility and percentages of inmates less than 18 years of age in European

countries __________________________________________________________________________ 83

Table 3.1: Female inmates on 1st September 2013 _________________________________________ 84

Table 3.2: Male inmates on 1st September 2013 ___________________________________________ 87

Table 4: Foreign inmates on 1st September 2013 __________________________________________ 90

Table 4.a: Asylum seekers and illegal aliens held for administartive reasons among foreign inmates on

1st September 2013 __________________________________________________________________ 92

Table 5: Legal status of prison populations on 1st September 2013 (numbers) ___________________ 95

Table 5.1: Detainees not serving a final sentence on 1st September 2013 (percentages and rates) ___ 99

Table 5.2: Dangerous offenders under security measures on 1st September 2013 (numbers and

percentages) ______________________________________________________________________ 101

Table 6: Main offence of sentenced prisoners (final sentence) on 1st September 2013 (numbers) ___ 104

Table 6.1: Main offence of sentenced prisoners (final sentence) on 1st September 2013 (percentages)

________________________________________________________________________________ 105

Table 7: Lengths of sentences imposed (final sentenced prisoners) on 1st September 2013 (numbers)

________________________________________________________________________________ 110

Table 7.1: Lengths of sentences imposed (final sentenced prisoners) on 1st september 2013

(percentages) _____________________________________________________________________ 116

Table 7.2: Lengths of sentences imposed (final sentenced prisoners) on 1st September 2013 (cumulative

percentages) ______________________________________________________________________ 117

Table 7.3: Lengths of less than one year of sentences imposed (final sentenced prisoners) on 1st

September 2013 (percentages) _______________________________________________________ 118

Figure 3: Countries with highest percentages of prisoners sentenced to less than one year ________ 119

B. Prison Movements during 2012 _______________________________________________ 120

Table 8: Flow of Entries to Penal Institutions in 2012 ______________________________________ 122

Table 9: Flow of Releases from Penal Institutions in 2012 __________________________________ 126

Table 10: Turnover Ratio of inmates IN 2012 _____________________________________________ 132

Figure 4: Countries with lowest turnover ratios In 2012 ____________________________________ 133

Table 11.1: Indicator of Average Length of Imprisonment in 2012, based on the total number of days

spent in penal institutions ___________________________________________________________ 134

Table 11.2: Indicator of Average Length of Imprisonment in 2012, based on the total stock of inmates in

penal institutions on 1st September 2012 _______________________________________________ 137

Table 12: Escapes from penal institutions during 2012 _____________________________________ 138

Table 13.1: Deaths in Penal Institutions in 2012 (by type of registered death) __________________ 140

Table 13.2: Suicides in Penal Institutions in 2012 _________________________________________ 142

Table 13.3: Types of deaths and suicides in Penal Institutions in 2012 _________________________ 143

Map 3: Suicide rate per 10,000 inmates in Penal Institutions in 2012 _________________________ 146

Table 14: Expenses in penal institutions in 2012 (in €) _____________________________________ 147

Table 14.A: Categories included in the calculation of custodial expenses in 2012, in Table 14 ______ 149

C. Prison Staff _______________________________________________________________ 155

Table 15: Staff working in Penal Institutions on the basis of Full‐time equivalents (FTE) on 1st September

2013 (numbers) ____________________________________________________________________ 156

Table 15.1: Staff working in Penal Institutions on the basis of Full‐time equivalents (FTE) on 1st


Table 15.2: Staff working inside Penal Institutions on the basis of Full‐time equivalents (FTE) on 1st




Figure 5: Staff working inside penal institutions On 1st September 2013, Percentages ____________ 163

Table 16: Staff (FTE) working in Penal Institutions but not employed by the Prison Administration on 1st

September 2013 (numbers and percentages) ____________________________________________ 164

Figure 6: Highest ratios of inmates per one custodian On 1st September 2013 __________________ 168

Table 17: Ratio of inmates per categories of staff on 1st September 2013 ______________________ 169

D. Annual Module (Foreign inmates) _______________________________________________ 170

Table AM1: Legal status of foreign inmates in the countries where they are incarcerated on 1st

September 2013 (numbers) __________________________________________________________ 171

Table AM2: Judicial status in custody of foreign inmates on 1st September 2013 (Numbers) _______ 175

Table AM3: Judicial status in custody of foreign inmates on 1st September 2013 (Percentages) _____ 176

Table AM4: Types of main offences of foreign inmates (pre‐trial and sentenced) on 1st September 2013

(numbers) ________________________________________________________________________ 179

Table AM5: Types of main offences of foreign inmates (pre‐trial and sentenced) on 1st September 2013

(Percentages) ______________________________________________________________________ 180

Table AM6: Types of main offences of foreign senteced inmates on 1st September 2013 (numbers) _ 181

Table AM7: Types of main offences of foreign senteced inmates on 1st September 2013 (Percentages)

_________________________________________________________________________________ 182

Map AM1: Percentage of foreign inmates in the total prison population on 1st September 2013 ____ 184

Table AM8: Flow of Entries of foreign inmates to Penal Institutions in 2012 ____________________ 185

Table AM9: Flow of Releases of foreign inmates from Penal Institutions in 2012 ________________ 187

Table AM10: Places where foreign inmates were released from Penal Institutions in 2012 ________ 188

List of Tables and Figures __________________________________________________ 191



COUNCIL OF EUROPE ANNUAL PENAL STATISTICS – SPACE I 2013:

SURVEY ON PRISON POPULATIONS

MarceloF.AebiandNataliaDelgrande1

Survey Background

0.1 General overview

TheSPACEI2013annualreportispartoftheSPACEproject2.Thisprojectproducesannualoverviewonmainindicatorsofcustodialandnon‐custodialactivitiesinallMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEurope.

The firstpartof theproject(SPACEI)providesdataonthepopulationsheld incustodyand/or inothertypes of penal institutions across Europe.Moreover, this report contains useful information about theconditions of detention (e.g. capacity, expenses, staff), as well as about the custodial movement (e.g.entries,releases,deaths,escapes).

The second part of the project (SPACE II), focuses on persons serving non‐custodial sanctions andmeasures. A separate report3is produced on these categories of penal populations supervised incommunity.

Both reports have the common goal of ensuring as much as possible the collection, analyses andinterpretationofreliabledatathroughacommonmethodology.Inparticular,thequestionnairesusedforthe collection of the data were designed to allow the maximum comparability between PrisonadministrationsandProbationagencies,aswellasamongMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEurope(CoE).

For writing this report, national raw data and comments were collected by means of the standardquestionnaire,whichwasansweredbycorrespondentsineachCoEMemberState.Generally,thenationalcorrespondentsinchargeofcollecting,explainingandvalidatingtherawdataarerepresentativesofthePrisonAdministrations.

Since2004, theSPACEquestionnairesare regularly improvedon thebasisofpreviousexperiencesandaccordingtotheassessmentsmadebyexternalpeerreviewersandCoErecommendations.SPACEI2013questionnaire corresponds to the methodological requirements adopted for the present survey andensuresasfaraspossiblethecomparisonwiththehistoricalSPACEIseries,startedin1983.

Themodificationsmadesince2004allowabettervisibilityofthecategoriesincludedbyeachcountryintheirstatistics.The largeamountofdetails iscollectedthroughthemetadata4comprisingnationalrules

1MarceloF.Aebi,ProfessorandNataliaDelgrande,Part‐timeLecturer:SchoolofCriminalSciences:CriminologyandPenalLaw,UniversityofLausanne,Switzerland2WebsiteoftheSPACEProject:www.unil.ch/space3Aebi,M.F.&Chopin,J.(2014).SPACEII–CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:Personsservingnon‐custodialsanctionsandmeasures.Survey2013.Strasbourg:CouncilofEurope 4Metadatacorrespondtothecategoriesofinformationthatdescribeandexplainthestatisticaldata.InSPACEreportsthemetadataarepresentedasconstitutivesubcategoriesofthelargervariables(e.g.totalprisonpopulation),aswellastheguidelinesappliedwhilethedataarecollected(e.g.specialdefinitionsofthecategoriesofoffences,ofthelengthsofsentencesimposed,theapplicationofthemainoffence rule).Moreover, the larger understandingofmetadatabring through the comments the clarifications related to thenationalclassifications,legislationsandotherframeworkdecisionslikelytohaveinfluencedthecategoriesofprisonpopulations.



applied forproducingprisonstatistics.Theanswers to thesequestions–presentedmainly inTable1.1–suggest that cross‐national comparisons of prison populations must be conducted cautiously as thecategories included in the total number of inmates vary from country to country. The same is true forcomparisons of prisonmortality (seeTable13.1&13.3) and,more specifically, of suicides occurred inpenalinstitutions(seeTable13.2).

ANNUALMODULE Sincetheconceptualisationofthecategoriesinnationalstatisticsiscrucialforcross‐national comparisons, theSPACEI2013 survey carryon thecollectionof additionalinformation through AnnualModules. These modules correspond to topical issuesapprovedtobeansweredbyamajorityofnationalcorrespondents.

This year, the AnnualModule examines the topic of foreign inmates held in penal institutions acrossEurope. Given the increasing interest on these populationsmainly in Northern,Western and SouthernEuropeancountries,theneedofanalysingthepeculiaritiesofthesepopulationswasclearlyidentifiedasapriority for SPACE annual module. As far as the main questionnaire is concerned, the comparabilitythroughtheAnnualModulewasensuredbyapplyingthesamecategoriestothequestionsofdetail(e.g.typeofoffences,breakdownbylegalstatusincustody,categoriesofentriesandreleases,breakdownbyage).Thedatacollectedbymeansof thespecialquestionnaireansweredbyPrisonAdministrationsarepresentedinthePartDofthepresentreport.

SPACEWEBSITE Aside from the data presented in this report, the Website of the SPACE projectprovides some other useful information on custodial and non‐custodial activitiesacrossEurope(e.g.recidivismstudies,useful linksandaddressesinregardwiththePrisonandProbationadministrations).

Atthemomentofpublicationofthisreport,ontheSPACEWebsitearepresentedthemostrecentdataonthenumberofinmates,theprisondensityandtheprisonpopulationratesavailableon1stJanuary2014.

PROJECTDEADLINES ConcerningthedeadlinesoftheSPACEI2013survey,itshouldbestatedthatthedatacollectionstartedmid‐May2014,whenallPrisonAdministrationsoftheCoEMemberStatesreceivedthequestionnaire.Thedeadlineforthedata‐collectionwasseton30thJune2014.Atthisdate,only10countriesansweredthequestionnaire.

Three additional extensions of the initial deadline were allowed. The data collection lasted until 15thOctober2014.Inthemeantime,30ofrespondingadministrationswerecontactedwithdiverserequestsrelatedtothedata‐validation.



0.2 General notes

Figuresonprisonpopulation(stock)aswellasonstaffemployedbyprisonadministrationsrelateto1stSeptember2013;whilethenumberofentries/releasesinto/frompenalinstitutions(flow),totalnumberofdaysspent in these institutions,and incidentsthatoccurredduringtheyear(i.e.escapes,deathsandsuicides)relatetothewholeyear2012.

Whendataon1stSeptember2013werenotavailable, theMemberStateswereaskedtousetheclosestpossibledateofreference.TheexceptionsareexpresslystatedinthenotestotheTablesconcerned.

Theforty‐sevenMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEuropein2013countedfifty‐twoPrisonAdministrationsundertheircontrol.

Fifty(96%)ofallPrisonAdministrationsansweredtheSPACEI2013Questionnaire

TwoPrisonAdministrationsdidnotanswerthesurveydespiteseveralreminders:

(1) BH:BosniaandHerzegovina(Federation)hasnotansweredthequestionnairebecauseoftheacutelackofhumanresources:problemsrelatedtothetranslationofthequestionnaires.

(2) Ukraine:becauseofthepoliticalsituationinthecountryduringtheyear2014,theinternationaloffice[inchargewiththeSPACEdatacollection]ofthePrisonAdministrationcesseditsactivitiessince12thMay.

Data were not available for the following geopolitical entities: northern part of Cyprus (see “Cyprus”underA.1GeneralNotes),Kosovo,Transdniestria,Abkhazia,SouthOssetiaandNagorno‐Karabakh.

Themajorityofthecountriesansweredthequestionnairebeyondthedeadline(thedeadlinewasseton30th June2014).Moreover,somecountriesdelayedthesupplyoftheirresponsesuntilSeptember2014.Five questionnaires arrived during the month of October. Last three questionnaires were sent duringNovemberandearlyDecember2014.

At the same time, for some of the countries that answered the questionnaire on time, the validationprocess(seeDataValidationProcedure)tookseveralmonths.

Finally, for a few countries (and in particular for some specific figures) the data validation procedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon‐validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets.Asmallpartof the figureswhich seemed to be totallyunreliablewere excluded from thepresent report, butareavailableinthedatabaseandcanbeprovidedonrequest.



0.3 Main modifications made in the latest SPACE I surveys (2008-13)

Sincethe2008survey,thequestionnaireistranslatedintoRussianlanguage.Theaimofthetranslationisto facilitate the data collection in certain countries and to allow the inclusion of comments on theparticularities of the national data. This version, used relatively sporadically, increased the number ofresponsesreceivedfromMemberStatesandimprovedthereliabilityoftheprovidedinformation.

Prison population

•New item on private facilities was added in the SPACE I 2011 questionnaire.•An item has been added in order to measure the number of persons under security measures and those servingpreventive detention for dangerous offenders (SPACE I 2011).•Regarding the legal status of prisoners, two additional subcategories have been included: persons detainedbecause of the revocation, suspension or annulment of the conditional release or probation and persons detainedas a consequence of the conversion of a fine (fine defaulters). This item was first used in the SPACE I 2009.•The following categories of offences have been added in the SPACE I 2009 questionnaire: economic andfinancial offences, terrorism and organised crime.•Under the category of juvenile offenders held in special institutions, an additional item (introduced in theSPACE I 2009) allows getting information on the number of the persons aged 18 and over.• Until SPACE I 2009, only general questions on foreign inmates were asked. In the SPACE I 2010, an item onforeign prisoners who are citizens of Member States of the European Union has been added.•An item on the number of juvenile foreign inmates (aged less than 18) was added since SPACE I 2012.•Since the SPACE I 2010, the questionnaire allows a distinction between male and female mortality in custody.

Conditions & Metadata

•Regarding the category of institutions foreseen for detention before trial, in the SPACE I 2013 the moreextensive definition was set up allowing a more reliable understanding of investigative institutions before trial.•Since the SPACE I 2010 and revised in 2011, a new breakdown by categories was designed for the capacity ofpenal institutions. More reliable information has been collected on institutions for pre‐trial detention, placesfor persons serving custodial sentences and for juvenile offenders, and places in other types of institutions forthe detention of inmates.•In former SPACE questionnaires ‐before the SPACE I 2008‐ there was a slight difference between the Frenchand the English definitions of assault and battery. While the English version referred to assault, the Frenchversion referred to assault and battery (coups et blessures volontaires). This problem has been solved and bothversions refer now to assault and battery.•Former SPACE questionnaires ‐before the SPACE I 2008‐ referred to rape, but an analysis of the answersreceived suggested that some countries were including other sexual offences under that heading. As aconsequence, sexual offences have been divided in two categories: rape and other types of sexual offences.•In order to avoid as far as possible the misinterpretation of the figures, special attention has been given to thecodes used to answer the questions when no data were available (i.e. NA, NAP).

Custodial events

•Since the SPACE I 2011 and 2012, the former item on the number of deaths was slightly improved: specificcategories on the causes of death have been used (homicides, accidents, drug/alcohol intoxications, suicides,other causes).•In the questionnaires SPACE I 2010, 2011 and 2012, some clarifications were introduced in the definitions ofother items, such as the counting units used in each country and the date of reference for the information.•Since the SPACE I 2008, the category of entries to penal institutions has been completed with several follow upquestions in order to distinguish transfers from the rest of the entries. In the SPACE I 2010, this item was fullyrevised and allows taking into account international tranfers.•In the SPACE I 2010, an item with 5 sub‐categories has been designed in order to collect information onreleases from penal institutions (including conditional releases and external placements).

Prison policies

•The item foreseen for the information on the changes in national prison policies and on the events that mayhave had an influence on the number of inmates was divided in several categories and allows a more reliablecomparison among countries (since the SPACE I 2008 questionnaire).•Since the SPACE I 2010, special attention was given to the issue of the age of criminal responsibility and theminimal age for the application of custodial sanctions and measures.



Explanatory notes to the Report INBRIEF… The present report includes global indicators of the prison populations on 1st

September2013(PartA)aswellasdataontheflowofentries,flowofreleases,lengthofimprisonment,escapesanddeathsincustodyforthewholeyear2012(PartB).Onechapter (PartC) dealswith the personnel employed by the Prison Administrationsandthosewhoworkinsidepenalinstitutions.

In order to ensure asmuch as possible the comparability across countries, some figures arepresentedonlyas therawdata in the tables.Therefore, figures thatdidnotseemto fit thedefinitionsused in thequestionnairewerenotintegratedinthetableswithcalculationsofratesandpercentages.

A. Global Indicators of Prison Populations on 1st September 2013

Thesituationofprisonpopulationsonagivendateoftheyear(stockstatistics) isset inTables1to7.3.Thenumberof inmatesvariesover timeunder the influenceof thenumberofentries intoandreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsandthelengthofthestaysintheseinstitutions.

Table1:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2013

(1) Total number of inmates (including pre‐trial detainees). This indicator is commonly known asprison stock. Usually, in the total number of inmates are included the standard categories ofinmates,suchaspersonsheldinsidepenalinstitutionsatagivendateand,morespecifically,pre‐trialdetaineesandsentencedprisoners.Sometimescountriesincludeaswell juvenileoffenders.Nevertheless, it becomes common to observe inside prison stock the following categories:personsunderpenal (therapeutic)measures,personsheld inprivate facilities, or thoseheld inopen penal institutions. Moreover, in prison stock may also be included inmates detained foradministrativereasons,undersecuritymeasure,recalledfromprobation,fine‐defaulters,etc.

(2) Prison population rate5per 100,000 inhabitants corresponds to the ratio of the number ofinmates (including pre‐trial detainees) per 100,000 population of each country, as of 1stSeptember2013.Takingintoaccountthattheinformationonthepopulationsofthecountriesisavailableon1stJanuaryofeachyear,thefiguresusedforthecalculationsarerespectivelyon1stJanuary 2013 for the total population of the countries and 1st September 2013 for the prisonpopulation.

(3) Capacity of penal institutions: number of places available in penal institutions for theaccommodationoftheinmates.Areexcludedfromthecalculationofthecapacityallspacesthatprimary were designed for other needs than the proper accommodation of the inmates (e.g.storageplaces,classrooms,corridors,showerrooms).

5This indicator is sometimes referred to as detentionrate, or prisonerrate, or imprisonmentrate, but these terms are ambiguous.ThereforetheCouncilofEuropehasadoptedthetermprisonpopulationrate.



(4) Surface area per inmate (calculated in squaremeters). This indicator corresponds to the legalstandardapplicableineachCoEMemberState.Accordingtolegalprovisions,eachinmateshoulddisposeof individualarea inside thecell, excluding commonplaces suchas showerenclosures,WC,sportareas,classroomsandothercommonspacesinsideapenalinstitution.

(5) Prison density per 100 places of the regular capacity. This indicator corresponds to the ratiobetweenthenumberofinmates(includingpre‐trialdetainees)andthenumberofplacesavailablein penal institutions. Generally, the indicator of prison density is used for assessment ofovercrowding.

AsacomplementtoTable1,thereportincludessixsupplementarytables,twographs,andonemap.

Table1.1:Categoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofprisoners

TABLE1.1:METADATA

Table1.1showsthatthecategoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonersvaryfromcountrytocountry.

As a consequence, international comparisons of prison population rates, as theonesperformedinTable1,cannotberegardedasunproblematic.

ThismethodologicalissuemustbekeptinmindwhenusingdatafromTable1andsimilarTables.

ThegoalofTable1.1 istoclarifythecategoriesofpersonsincludedinthecalculationofthetotalprisonpopulationheld indifferent typesofpenal institutions.ThisTable includes theanswersYes,No orNAP[notapplicable]tothequestion:

Doesthetotalnumberofinmatesincludethefollowingcategories?

(1) Personsheldinpolicestationsorothersimilartypesofinvestigativeinstitutionsbeforetrial6

(2) Personsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(2.1)Ifthepersonsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders(2)arecounted,howmanyamongthemare18yearsandover

(3) Personsplacedineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(3.1)Ifthepersonsheldineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders(3)arecounted,howmanyamongthemare18yearsandover

(4) Personsheldininstitutionsfordrug‐addictedoffendersoutsidepenalinstitutions

(5) Persons with psychiatric disorders held in psychiatric institutions or hospitals outside penalinstitutions

(6) Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons

(6.1)Ifthesepersonsarecounted(6),howmanyofthemareheldincentres/sectionsespeciallydesignatedforthistypeofdetention

(7) Personsheld inprivate facilities (e.g. privateprisons,detention centres, establishments for theapplication of certain penal measures [e.g. centres for the treatment of psychiatric disorders,centresforthetreatmentofaddictionsetc.])

(8) Personsunderelectronicsurveillance/ElectronicMonitoring

6Underthisitemareincludedpersonsheldininstitutionsotherthantheregularpenalfacilities.Inparticular,theseinstitutionsmaybepolice stations, temporarydetentioncentres forpersonsmakingat thedisposal to the judicial authorities (e.g. izoljator vremennogosoderzhanija [RUS, UKR etc.], pomeshhenie funkcionirujushhee v rezhime sledstvennogo izoljatora [RUS], investigative detentionfacilities[BGR],andborderpolice/borderguards’cells)oranyothersimilarinstitution.



Table1.2:Capacityofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2013(bycategories)

(1) Totalcapacityofpenalinstitutions

o Surfaceareaperprisoner(m2/inmate)

(2) Capacityofremandinstitutionsandthosedesignedforservingcustodialsentences

a. Capacityofremandinstitutions/sections(“pre‐trials”)

b. Capacityofinstitutionsdesignedforservingasentence

(3) Capacityofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders

(4) Capacityofothertypesofinstitutions

Table1.3:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2013:adjustedfigures

In thisTable, figures fromTable1 areadjustedaccording to the informationprovided inTable1.1. Theadjustment consists in excluding –whenever possible– all the categories of Table 1.1 from the totalnumberof inmates,andrecalculating therateof inmatesheldinpenalinstitutions foradultoffendersper100,000 inhabitants. The figures included in this Table are comparable estimates; nevertheless, thesefiguresshouldnotbeconsideredasofficialnationaldata.

Table1.4:Situationofpenal institutionson1stSeptember2013bydecreasingprisonpopulationrates(non‐adjustedversusadjustedfigures)

InthisTable,countriesareclassifiedinadecreasingorderaccordingtotheirprisonpopulationratesper100,000inhabitantson1stSeptember2013.

1. On the left‐hand side of the Table, they are classified according to the non‐adjusted (official)figures,and

2. ontheright‐handsidetheyareclassifiedaccordingtotheadjusted(calculated) figures(seetheexplanationtoTable1.3).

3. Thelastcolumninformsaboutthedifferenceinpercentagebetweenadjustedandnon‐adjustedfigures.Inordertoensureanappropriatereadingofthistable,particularattentionshouldbepaidtotheexplanatorynotesofTables1and1.1.

Table1.5:Evolutionofprisonpopulationsbetween2004and2013

This Table presents the total number of prisoners (including pre‐trial detainees) and the prisonpopulation rate per 100,000 inhabitants on 1st September of each year from 2004 to 2013. Data areretrieved from the relevant SPACE I reports.TheTable indicatesalso the evolution (inpercentages)ofprisonpopulationratesbetween2004and2013aswellasbetween2012and2013.

Table1.6:Year‐to‐Yearpercentagechangeofprisonpopulationratesbetween2012and2013

This Table shows the evolution of prison population rates between 2012 and 2013. Countries areclassifiedinthreecategoriesaccordingtotheincrease,stabilityordecreaseoftheirprisonpopulationratesbetween1stSeptember2012and1stSeptember2013:

Increaseofmorethan5% Between–5%and+5% Decreaseofmorethan5%

Map1:Prisonpopulationratesper100,000inhabitantson1stSeptember2013

ThismappresentstheprisonpopulationratesineachMemberStateoftheCouncilofEuropeandallowsavisualcomparisonoftheofficialfigures(non‐adjusted)forthewholeEuropeangeographicalarea.AlltheratespresentedonthemaprefertothedataincludedinTable1.



Table2:Agestructureofprisonpopulation(includingpre‐trialdetainees)on1stSeptember2013

(a) Lessthan14years (g) From30tolessthan40years(b) From14tolessthan16years (h) From40tolessthan50years(c) From16tolessthan18years (i) From50tolessthan60years(d) From18tolessthan21years (j) From60tolessthan70years(e) From21tolessthan25years (k) From70tolessthan80years(f) From25tolessthan30years (l) 80yearsandover

Table2.1:Ageandcriminalresponsibility

Ageofcriminalresponsibility:startingfromthisage,juvenilesareconsideredasoldenoughtoberecognised as responsible for criminal offences perpetrated and to be tried under a criminaljusticesystemwhichisspecifictothem;

Minimalage fortheapplicationofcustodialsanctionsandmeasures: starting from this age, it ispossibletosentenceajuveniletocustodyortoeducationmeasuresinclosedpenalinstitutions;

Ageofcriminalmajority:startingfromthisagethepersonshouldbetriedundercriminaljusticesystemforadultsanddonotbenefitofnospecialconditionofjuvenile.

Table2.2:Minorsandpersonsbetween18and21ofageon1stSeptember2013

InthisTableareincludedrawdataandcalculatedpercentagesofinmatesunder18yearsofage,aswellasinmatesbetween18and21yearsofage.Normally,inthesefiguresarealsoincludedpre‐trialdetainees.

(1) Totalnumberofminorinmates(incl.pre‐trialdetainees)

o Custodialversuseducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(2) Numberofinmatesunder18yearsold

o %ofinmatesunder18yearsold

o Numberand%offemaleminors

o Numberand%ofmaleminors

(3) Numberofinmatesfrom18tolessthan21yearsold

o %ofinmatesfrom18tolessthan21yearsold

Table2.3:MedianandAverageagesoftheprisonpopulationon1stSeptember2013

This table includes the median and average values calculated by national Prison Administrations.However, somecalculationshavebeenmadeby theauthorsof this reporton thebasisof the rawdataprovidedbynationalcorrespondents.Theparticularitiesof thesecalculationsarestated in thenotes totheTable.

One additional graph (Figure 2) completes the table with the distribution of the countries with theyoungestprisonpopulations(thedistributionisbasedonthemedianvalues).

Map2:Ageofcriminalresponsibilityandpercentagesof inmates lessthan18yearsofageon1stSeptember2013

Thismapincludestwoindicators:theminimalagefortheapplicationofcustodialsanctionsandmeasuresacrossEurope,andthepercentageofjuvenilesheldinpenalinstitutionsineachcountry.

Table3.1:Femaleinmateson1stSeptember2013

InthisTablearepresentedrawdataandpercentagesonfemaleprisoners:

(1) Totalnumberandpercentageoffemaleinmatesinthetotalprisonpopulation;

(2) Pre‐trialdetainees:numberandpercentageofpre‐trialsinthetotalnumberoffemaleinmates;

IntheSPACEI2013reportforthefirsttimewasincludedthedistributionofminors[inmatesagedlessthan18]accordingtotheirsex(femalesversusmales).



(3) Foreignfemaleinmates:numberandpercentageinthetotalnumberoffemaleinmates;

(4) Juvenilefemalesagedlessthan18:numberandpercentage.

Table3.2:Maleinmateson1stSeptember2013

InthisTablearepresentedrawdataandpercentagesonmaleprisoners:

(1) Totalnumberandpercentageofmaleinmatesinthetotalprisonpopulation;

(2) Pre‐trialdetainees:numberandpercentageofpre‐trialsinthetotalnumberofmaleinmates;

(3) Foreignmaleinmates:numberandpercentageinthetotalnumberofmaleinmates;

(4) Juvenilemalesagedlessthan18:numberandpercentage.

Table4:Foreigninmateson1stSeptember2013

InthisTablearepresentedrawdataandpercentagesonforeignprisoners:

(1) Totalnumberandpercentageofforeigninmatesinthetotalprisonpopulation;

(2) Pre‐trialdetainees:numberandpercentageofpre‐trialsinthetotalnumberofforeigninmates;

(3) ForeigninmatescitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion:numberandpercentage;

(4) Minorforeignersagedlessthan18:numberandpercentage;

(5) Inmatesforwhichthenationalityisunknown.

Table5:Legalstatusofprisonpopulationson1stSeptember2013(numbers)

(a) Untrieddetainees(nocourtdecisionreachedyet);

(b) Detaineesfoundguiltybutwhohavenotreceivedasentenceyet;

(c) Sentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithinthestatutorylimitsfordoingso;

(d) Detaineeswhohavenotreceiveda finalsentenceyet,butwhohavestartedservingacustodialsentenceinadvance;

(e) Sentencedprisoners(finalsentence)–Including:

o Personsdetainedasaconsequenceoftheconversionofafine(finedefaulters)

o Personsdetainedbecauseoftherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation;

(f) Othercases.

Table5.1:Detaineesnotservingafinalsentenceon1stSeptember2013(percentagesandrates)

FourindicatorshavebeenselectedtocomparethesituationofprisonpopulationsacrossEurope:

(a) Percentageofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentence(often inaccurately referred to aspercentageofunconvicteddetainees):partofdetaineeswhosesentenceisnotfinalexpressedasapercentageofthetotalnumberofinmates;

(b) Rateofdetaineesnot servinga final sentenceper100,000 inhabitants: ratio of detainees whosesentenceisnotfinalinrelationtothenumberofinhabitantsexpressedper100,000inhabitants.

In order to calculate indicators (a) and (b) for Table 5.1, the number of detainees not serving a finalsentenceisobtainedbyaddingheadings(a),(b),(c)and(d)ofTable5.

(c) Percentageofuntrieddetainees(nocourtdecisionyetreached):numberofuntrieddetainees (notyetconvicted),presentatthatdate,expressedasapercentageofthetotalnumberofinmates;

(d) Rate of untried detainees (no court decision yet reached) per 100,000 inhabitants: number ofuntrieddetainees(notyetconvicted)inrelationtothenumberofinhabitantsatthesamedateexpressedper100,000inhabitants.



In order to calculate indicators (c) and (d) for Table 5.1, only persons under heading (a) "untrieddetainees(nocourtdecisionyetreached)"ofTable5aretakenintoaccount.

TABLE5.1:CAUTION When no datawere available under heading (c) "sentenced prisonerswhohave appealed or who are within the statutory time limit for doing so" ofTable5,withoutanyfurtherinformationbeingprovided,itwasassumedthatprisoners in that situation are included among those under heading (e)"sentenced prisoners, final sentence". In that case, both indicators arepresentedbetweenbracketsandmustbeinterpretedcautiously.

Whenthereisnodataavailableunderheading(b)"prisonersconvictedbutnot yet sentenced" of Table 5, without any further information beingprovided,itcannotbeexcludedthatprisonersinthatsituationareincludedamong those under heading (a) "untried prisoners (no court decision yetreached)".Inthatcase,bothindicatorsarepresentedbetweenbracketsandmustbeinterpretedcautiously.

Table5.2:Dangerousoffendersplacedundersecuritymeasureson1stSeptember2013(numbersandpercentages)

ThisTableconcernsprisonersplacedunderspecialpenalmeasures.Theseinmatesareusuallydefinedasdangerousoffenders. Themeasures applied to themmay takedifferentnames suchas securitymeasure,securepreventiondetentionorpreventivesupervision.

RECOMMENDATIONCM/REC(2014)31(STRASBOURG,19FEBRUARY2014)7

Adangerousoffenderisapersonwhohasbeenconvictedofaveryserioussexualorveryseriousviolentcrimeagainstpersonsandwhopresentsahighlikelihoodofre‐offendingwithfurtherveryserioussexualorveryseriousviolentcrimesagainstpersons.

Treatment includes,but isnotlimitedto,medical,psychologicaland/orsocialcarefortherapeutic purposes. Itmay serve to reduce the risk posed by the person andmayincludemeasurestoimprovethesocialdimensionoftheoffender’slife.

Secure preventive detentionmeans detention imposed by the judicial authority on aperson,tobeservedduringorafterthefixedtermofimprisonmentinaccordancewithitsnational law.It isnot imposedmerelybecauseofanoffencecommitted inthepast,butalsoonthebasisofanassessmentrevealingthatheorshemaycommitotherveryseriousoffencesinthefuture.

Preventive supervision means measures of control, monitoring, surveillance orrestrictionofmovementimposedonapersonafterheorshehascommittedacrimeandafter he or she has served a prison sentence or instead of. It is not imposedmerelybecauseofanoffence commit ted in thepast,butalsoon thebasisofanassessmentrevealingthatheorshemaycommitotherveryseriousoffencesinthefuture.

Each Member State has its own legislation concerning the special requirements and conditions forinstitutional placement/imprisonment of this category of offenders. Yet, only the following comparablecategorieshavebeenincludedinthisTable:

Total number of persons under security measures/preventive detention for dangerousoffenders.Ofwhich:

Personsconsideredasnotcriminallyresponsiblebythecourt;

Personsconsideredastotallyorpartiallycriminallyresponsiblebythecourtandwhohavebeensentenced.

7PartI–Definitionsandbasicprinciples:http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/cdpc/PC‐GR‐DD/Recomm%202014_3_E_final.pdf



Table6 (numbers)&Table6.1 (percentages):Mainoffencesof final sentencedprisonerson1stSeptember2013

Tables 6 and6.1present thebreakdownof prisonerswith final sentence thoseunderheading (e) ofTable5accordingtothemainoffenceforwhichtheywereconvicted.

InspiteofefforttokeepSPACEcategoriesas largeaspossible,oneshouldbear inmindthefactthat insome countries themainoffencerule is not defined. Therefore, data from these countries (mostly thebreakdown percentages) are not fully comparable with data from the ones that apply this rule. Thefollowingbreakdownisused:

(a) Homicide(includingattempts) (g) Economicandfinancialoffences(b) Assaultandbattery (h) Drugoffences(c) Rape (i) Terrorism(d) Othertypesofsexualoffences (j) Organisedcrime(e) Robbery (k) Otheroffences(f) Othertypesoftheft (l) Total

Table 7 (numbers) & Table 7.1 (percentages): Lengths of sentences imposed (final sentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2013

Tables 7 and7.1present thebreakdownof prisonerswith final sentence thoseunderheading (e) ofTable5accordingtothelengthofthesentenceimposedonthem.Thefollowingbreakdownisused:

(a) Lessthanonemonth (h) Fromtenyearstolessthantwentyyears(b) Fromonemonthtolessthanthreemonths (i) Twentyyearsandover(c) Fromthreemonthstolessthansixmonths (j) Lifeimprisonment(d) Fromsixmonthstolessthanoneyear (k) Securitymeasures(dangerousoffenders)(e) Fromoneyeartolessthanthreeyears (l) Sentencetodeath(f) Fromthreeyearstolessthanfiveyears (m) Othercases(g) Fromfiveyearstolessthantenyears (n) Total

Table 7.2: Lengths of sentences imposed (final sentenced prisoners) on 1st September 2013(cumulativepercentages)

ThisTablepresentsthebreakdown,expressedincumulativepercentages,ofprisonerswithfinalsentencethoseunderheading(e)ofTable5accordingtothelengthofthesentenceimposedonthem:

(a) Prisonerssentencedtolessthanoneyear (h) Prisonerssentencedtoanyfixed‐termsentences(all)(b) Prisonerssentencedtooneyearandover (i) Prisonerssentencedtolifeimprisonment

(c) Prisonerssentencedtothreeyearsandover(j) Prisonersundersecuritymeasuresand/orunderotherformsofimprisonment

(d) Prisonerssentencedtofiveyearsandover (k) Prisonerssentencedtodeath(e) Prisonerssentencedtotenyearsandover (l) Total

Table7.3:Lengthsoflessthanoneyearofthesentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2013(percentages)

This Table presents the breakdown, expressed in percentages, of prisoners sentenced to less than oneyearaccordingtothelengthofthesentenceimposedonthem.Thefollowingbreakdownisused:

(a) Lessthanonemonth (f) Fromthreemonthstolessthansixmonths(b) Fromonemonthtolessthanthreemonths (g) Fromsixmonthstolessthanoneyear

One additional graph (Figure3) provides a comparative view of the highest percentages of prisonerssentencedtolessthanoneyear.ThefigureisbasedonthefiguresincludedinTables7.2and7.3.



B. Prison Movements during 2012 Tables8 to14show themain indicatorsofprisonmovementsoccurringduringonereferenceyear.Allinformation in the PartB of the report refers to awhole calendar year, from 1st January 2012 to 31stDecember2012:

(1) numberofentriesintoandreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsduringareferenceyear(flowstatistics),

(2) thelengthofimprisonment,

(3) numberofescapes,and

(4) deathsinpenalinstitutions.

Table8:Flowofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2012

(a) Totalnumberofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2012correspondstotheindicatorbetterknownasflowofentries;

(b) Rateof entries topenal institutionsper100,000 inhabitants: thenumberof entries in2012, inrelationtotheaveragenumberofinhabitantsduringthesameperiod;

(c) Entriesbeforefinalsentence:numbersandpercentages;

(d) Entries after the revocation, suspension or annulment of the conditional release or probation:numbersandpercentages;

(e) Entries following transfer from a foreign country to the country concerned (numbers andpercentages)

o Entries following transfer fromaMemberStateof theEuropeanUnion tothecountryconcerned(numbersandpercentages).

ENTRY(DEFINITION) THETERM"ENTRY"REFERSTOALLENTRIESINTOPENALINSTITUTIONS,EXCEPTINTHEFOLLOWINGSITUATIONS:

o Entryfollowingtransferfromonepenalinstitutiontoanother;

o Entryfollowingtheprisoner’sremovalfromtheinstitutioninordertoappearbeforea judicialauthority(investigatingjudge,trialcourt,etc.);

o Entryfollowingprisonleaveoraperiodofauthorisedabsence;

o Entryfollowinganescape,afterre‐arrestbythepolice.

Onlyentriesofuntrieddetainees(notyetconvicted),prisonersconvictedbutnotyetsentenced,orsentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorthosewhoarewithinthestatutorytimelimittodosoarerecordedunderheading(c)ofTable8.

Therefore, this figure constitutes a subset of the entries recorded under heading (a).Consequently,entriesintopre‐trialdetentionareincluded.

Figuresrelatetothenumberofevents(entries)andnottothenumberofindividuals.Thesameindividualmay enter prison several times in the same year for the same case. This applies, for instance, to anindividualwho is placed in pre‐trial detention during yearN (first entry), released by the prosecutionauthoritiesatthepre‐trialinvestigationstage,triedwithoutbeingre‐detained,convictedandsentencedtoatermof imprisonmentexceedingtheperiodofpre‐trialdetention,andre‐imprisonedduringthesameyearNtoservetheremainderofthesentence(secondentry).Afortiori,thesameindividualmightenterprisonseveraltimesinthesameyearfordifferentcases.

Table9:Flowofreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsin2012

(a) Totalnumberofreleases(flowofreleases);

Rateofreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsper100,000inhabitants:thenumberofreleasesin2012,



inrelationtotheaveragenumberofinhabitantsduringthesameperiod;

(b) Releasesofpre‐trialdetainees:numberandpercentage;

(c) Releasesoffinalsentencedprisoners:numberandpercentage.Ofwhich:

o Releases as a result of a release under condition (including conditional releases and externalplacementunderElectronicMonitoringorprobation)

o Unconditionalreleasesattheendofacustodialsentence

(d) Othertypesofreleases8

Table10:Turnoverratioofinmatesin2012

TURNOVERRATIO(DEFINITION)

The turnover ratio (estimated exit rate per 100 potential exits) is defined in thepresentreportastheratiobetweenthenumberofprisonersreleasedduringtheyear2012andthenumberofprisonersheld inprisonduringthatwholeyear.The lattercanbeestimatedbyaddingthenumberofpersonsheldinpenal institutionson31stDecember 2011 (stock) and the number of persons that entered into penalinstitutions during the year 2012 (flowofentries). However, as stock data on 31stDecember2011arenotavailable,thenumberofprisonersheldinpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2011hasbeenusedasaproxy.

Thisratiomeasurestheprisonpopulationturnover.Ahighrateimpliesafastturnover,whilealowrateimpliesaslowturnover.TheTurnoverRatio(TR)iscalculatedasfollows:

TURNOVERRATIO(FORMULA) ∑ , 100

Where:

o Risthenumberofreleasesduringthe2012year,

o Sisthenumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2011(takenfromtheSPACEI2011),and

o Eisthenumberofentriesintopenalinstitutionsduringtheyear2012.

o Theturnoverratioisexpressedper100prisoners.

Anadditionalgraph(Figure4)hasbeenincludedwiththelowestvaluesoftheexitrate(countrieswithaslowturnoveroftheprisonpopulation).

Table11.1:Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonmentin2012,basedonthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutions

(a) Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2012;

(b) Averagenumberofinmatesin2012:b=(a)/366(because2012isaleapyear);

(c) Totalnumberofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2012(flowofentries)=heading(a)ofTable8;

(d) Indicator of average length of imprisonment [IALI] expressed inmonths (D): quotient of theaveragenumberofprisonersin2011(P)bytheflowofentriesduringthatperiod(E),multipliedby12(months):

IALI(FORMULA) 12

8Inthecategory“Otherformsofreleases”generallyarealsoincludedthefollowingsituations:deaths,releases/discharges/relatedtohealthreasons(includingtransferstocommunityhospitalsthatleadtothefulldischargefromservingtherestofthecustodialsentence),expulsionstothecountriesoforigin,escapesleadingtoliftingthestatusof“inmate/prisoner”,oranyotherformofreleaselikelytoleadtoliftingofthestatusof“inmate/prisoner”.



(e) Numberofdaysspentinpre‐trialdetentionin2012;

(f) Averagenumberofdetaineesinpre‐trialdetentionin2012:(f)=(e)/366;

(g) Numberofentriesbeforefinalsentencein2012;

(h) Indicatorofaveragelengthofpre‐trialdetention(calculatedonthebasisofthesameformulaastheindicatorunderheading(d)).

The figureunderheading (a) corresponds to the totalnumberofdaysspent inpenal institutionsbyallpersons placed in detention for at least one day during the reference year (2012). Thismight be timespent inpre‐trialdetentionor timespentservingaprisonsentence,ormightevencorrespondtoothercircumstances(detentionforfailuretopayafine,forinstance).Nodistinctionismadeherebetweenthosecategories.

Bydividing thenumber of days of imprisonment by365 (366 in leap years)weobtained the "averagenumberofprisoners intheyear"or thenumberof"prisoner‐years"(b),whichconstitutesprobably thebestpossibleindicatoroftheaveragenumberofprisonerspresentintheyear.

Table11.2: Indicatorof average lengthof imprisonment in2012,basedon the totalnumberofinmates(stock)on1stSeptember2012

Assomecountriesdidnotprovidedataregardingthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2012heading (a) of Table 11.1 andothers provided figures thatdidnot seem reliable (seeNotes toTable11.1),wehaveaddedTable11.2.InthisTable,theindicatoroftheaveragelengthofimprisonmenthasbeencalculatedbyusingthetotalnumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2012(source:SPACEI2012report)insteadofthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutions.

SOURCEOFDATA RawdatausedfortheTables10,11.1&11.2areusuallypreparedbythedepartmentsresponsibleforprisonbudgets.Thesefiguresmayalsobeusedforthecalculationsoftheaveragedailycostofimprisonment.

Table12:Escapesfrompenalinstitutionsduring2012

TheTableincludestwotypesofescapes:

(a) Escapesby inmates(convictedprisonersorpre‐trialdetaineesunder thesupervisionof theprisonadministration)fromaclosedpenalinstitutionorduringanadministrativetransfer (for example,toorfromacourt,anotherpenalinstitution,orahospital).

IntheSPACEIquestionnaireusedforthissurveyitisclearlyindicatedthatthecountingunitistheperson.In the event of a group breakout, the number of escapes is equal to the number of inmates involved.Relatingthenumberofescapes(a)tothetotalnumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2012(S)–usedhereasanestimateoftheaveragenumberofprisoners–weobtaintherateofescapesper10,000prisoners(REs):

RATEOFESCAPES(FORMULA)

10,000

(b) Otherformsofescape(abscondingorrunningoff): Examples are escapes from open institutions(such as work farms) or from semi‐detention, and escapes during an authorised short‐termabsence(orleave)fromallkindsofinstitutions(includingclosedinstitutions).

Wehavenotcalculatedtheratesfortheseformsofescapes;assuchcalculationswouldleadtomisleadinginterpretations.Theratioofotherformsofescapesshouldbereportedtotheaveragenumberofinmatesplacedinopeninstitutions;yet,thesefiguresarenotcollatedasaseparatecategoryintheSPACEsurveys.



Table13.1:Deathsinpenalinstitutionsin2012(bytypeofregistereddeath)

(a) Totalnumberofdeathsinpenalinstitutions,ofwhich:

a.1Homicides

a.2Accidents

a.4Drug/alcoholintoxications

a.5Suicides(ofwhichnumberoffemales)

a.6Othercauses(incl.illness)

(b) Mortalityrateper10,000inmates

Bydividingthetotalnumberofdeaths(a)bythenumberofinmateson1stSeptember2012(S)(usedhereasanestimateof theaveragenumberofprisoners),provided in theSPACE I2012report,weobtain thefollowing:

MORTALITYRATE

(FORMULA)10,000

Table13.2:Suicidesinpenalinstitutionsin2012

In this table arepresentedpercentagesof suicides in the total number ofdeaths aswell as thepart offemaleswhocommittedsuicide inthetotalnumberofsuicidesregistered.Moreover, therateofsuicideper10,000inmatesisincludedinTable13.2.

SUICIDERATE(FORMULA) 10,000 . 4 T13.1

Table13.3:TypesofdeathsandsuicidesincludedinTables13.1and13.2

The goal of thisTable is to clarifywhich typesof deaths are being counted in each country. TheTableincludestheanswersYesorNotothefollowingquestions:

(a) Doesdataincludeinmateswhodiedorcommittedsuicideinprisonhospitals?

(b) Doesdataincludeinmateswhodiedorcommittedsuicideincommunityhospitals?

(c) Doesdataincludeinmateswhodiedorcommittedsuicideoutsideprison(duringaprisonleaveoraperiodofabsencebypermission)?

ForeachcategoryofdeathsincludedinthisTable,separatefiguresonfemaleinmateshavebeenprovided.

Map3:Suicideratesper10,000inmatesacrossEuropein2012

WeincludedoneadditionalMapwiththebreakdownofsuicidesratesper10,000inmatesin2012.

Table14:Averageexpensesperdayofdetentionofonepersonin2012(inEuros)

ThefiguresincludedinthisTableshouldallowcomparisonsofthecostsofdetentionacrossEurope.Norigorousdefinitionhasbeenusedinthequestionnaire;thereforenationalparticularities(e.g.thewayinwhichcostsarecalculated)are indicated in thenotes to theTable.Figures innational currenciesotherthanEurohavebeenconvertedinEuros.ThecategoriesincludedinthisTablearethefollowing:

(a) TotalbudgetspentbyPrisonAdministrationsin2012

(b) Averageamountspentperdayforthedetentionofonepersonin2012,ofwhich:

1. Inpre‐trialdetention;2. Incorrectionalfacility;3. Inspecialfacilities/sectionsforpersonswithpsychiatricdisorders;4. Ininstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.



Table14.A:Categoriesincludedinthecalculationofcustodialexpensesin2012,inTable14

This table present the categories included/excluded while calculating the average amounts shown inTable14:

(1) Security

(2) Healthcare(incl.medicalcare,psychiatricservices,pharmaceuticals,dentalcareetc.)

(3) Services (incl. maintenance, utilities, maintenance of inmate records, reception, assignment,transportation,etc.)

(4) Administration(excl.extra‐institutionalexpenditures)

(5) Support(incl.food,inmateactivities,inmateemployment,clothing,etc.)

(6) Rehabilitationprograms(incl.academiceducation,vocationaltraining,substanceabuseprograms,etc.)

(7) Othercosts.



C. Prison Staff PartCoftheSurveyincludesfiguresrelatedtopersonsworkinginpenalinstitutionsor,moregenerally,inthepenitentiarysystem.TheSurveymakesadistinctionbetweenstaffworkingunderthecontroloftheNationalPrisonAdministrationsandstaffworkingunderthecontrolofanyotherauthority.

DataonthestaffemployedbythePrisonadministrationsarepresentedwithoutdistinctionbetweenfull‐timeandpart‐timestaff.

Full‐timeequivalents(FTE)havebeenusedasthecountingunitforthesetables

Tables 15 (numbers) & 15.1 (percentages): Staff working in penal institutions (FTE) on 1stSeptember2013

FTE(DEFINITION) Respondentswereaskedtocalculatethenumberofstaffworkingparttimeonthebasisof"full‐timeequivalents"(FTE).Thismeansthatwhentwopeopleworkhalfthestandardnumberofhours,theycountforoneFTE.Onehalf‐timeworkershouldcountfor0.5ofaFTE.

Table15.2:StaffworkingINSIDEpenalinstitutions(FTE)on1stSeptember2013(percentages)

Tables15to15.2presentthesituationofstaffemployedbyPrisonAdministrationon1stSeptember2013.ThegoaloftheseTablesistocountallstaffemployedbythePrisonAdministrations.

In theseTables are included the following categories: staff at thenationalprison administration (HeadOffice), staff in regional prison administration offices, executives (managers) of penal institutions,custodialstaff,medicalandparamedicalstaff,staffresponsibleforassessmentandthepsychologists,staffresponsibleforeducationactivities(includingsocialworkers,teachers,educators,etc.),staffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocationaltraining,other.

Respondentswereaskedtoexcludepersonsworkinginpenalinstitutionsbutnotemployedbytheprisonauthorities(insomecountriesthisappliestodoctors, teachersorperimeterguards).ThesepersonsareincludedinTable16.

Table16:StaffworkinginpenalinstitutionsbutnotemployedbyPrisonAdministration(FTE)on1stSeptember2013(numbersandpercentages)

This Table presents the staff employed by authorities that are not under the control of the PrisonAdministration (i.e. staff not employed by the Prison Administration), but who are involved in thesecurity,treatment,trainingorotheractivitiesdevelopedinpenalinstitutionsthatareundertheauthorityofprisonadministration.

Insomecountriesthesecategoriesdonotexist.Inothers,doctors,teachersandperimeterguardsmightsometimesbeemployedbyexternalinstitutionssuchashealthauthorities,departmentsoftheMinistriesofEducation,InteriororJustice,orprivatesecurity.

Table17:Ratioofinmatespercategoriesofstaffon1stSeptember2013

(1) Totalnumberofinmatesat1stSeptember2013:seeTable1.

(2) Totalnumberofcustodialstaffat1stSeptember2013:seeTable15.

(3) Rateofsupervisionofprisoners(numberofprisonerspercustodian):c=a/b

(4) Totalnumberoftreatment,educationstaff,andstaffresponsibleforworkshops.

(5) Rateofsupervisionofprisoners(numberofprisonersperotheremployee):e=a/d.



D. Annual Module: Foreign inmates Since SPACE I 2012, every year the SPACE I additional questionnaire examine a special aspect of thecustodialorganisationinordertogathermoredetailedinformationaboutit.

Thisyear,theannualmodulefocusesonthecategoryofforeigninmatesheldincustody.Themaingoalofthisadditionalsurveyistobringlightonthecompositionofthepopulationofincarceratedforeigners.Inorder to answer this main interrogation, three main orientations were privileged: legal status in thecountry where the foreigners are incarcerated, judicial status in detention and the breakdown bycategoriesofoffences.Moreover,we included severalquestions related to themovements (entries andreleases)oftheseinmatesduringthereferenceyear(2012).

Forty‐eight (92%)outof fifty‐twoPrisonAdministrations answered theAnnualModuleSPACEI2013onForeignInmates.

Four PrisonAdministrations did not answer thismodule of the survey:BH:BosniaandHerzegovina(Federation),Bulgaria,RussianFederation,andUkraine.

OneshouldkeepinmindthatthephenomenonofoverrepresentationofforeignersincustodyisnotatallproblematicinEasternEuropeancountries.Therefore,wepresumethatsuchdetailedfiguresonforeigninmatesarenotcollatedinnationalstatistics.

As far as the quality of the responses, it should be highlighted that the detailed answers on thesepopulationswerehardlyavailableinnationalstatistics.Therefore,thevalidationprocedureswerelimitedto the cross‐sectional comparisons and the verification of identical items in the main SPACE Iquestionnaires(e.g.numberofforeigninmateswhoarecitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion).

AllthecategoriesincludedinthePartDrelatetothedefinitionof“prisoner”appliedinthemainSPACEIquestionnaire. This means that some countries may have included foreigners held for administrativereasons in the totalprisonpopulation,whileothercountriesexcludesuchcategories fromthestandarddefinitionof“prisoner”.

All the limitations applicable to the Part D are justified as they allow keeping the detailed figurescomparablewiththeonesincludedinthemainTablesofthepresentreport.

TablesAM1:Legal statusof foreign inmates in the countrieswhere theyare incarceratedon1stSeptember2013(numbers)

(1) Persons without the country’ nationality but with authorisations of long‐termestablishmentinthecountry

(2) Persons without the country’ nationality but with fixed‐term residence permits in thecountry(excludingalltypesofvisas).

(3) Statelesspersons.

(4) Personswithoutanyvalidresidencepermitontheterritoryofthecountry.

(5) Foreignminors(agedlessthan18).

(6) ForeignerswhoarecitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion.

(7) Other.

TableAM2&AM3: Judicialstatus incustodyof foreign inmateson1stSeptember2013(numbersandpercentages)

(1) Untriedforeigners

(2) Foreignersfoundguiltybutwhohavenotreceivedasentenceyet

(3) Sentencedforeignerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithinthestatutorylimitfordoingso



(4) Foreignerswhohavenotreceivedafinalsentenceyet,butwhohavestartedservingtheirprisonsentencesinadvance

(5) Sentencedforeigners(finalsentence)

(6) Othercases

TableAM4&AM5:Typesofmainoffencesof foreign inmateson1stSeptember2013(numbers&percentages)

Inthesetablesareincludedtotalinputs(pre‐trialandsentenced).

o Homicide(includingattempts)

o Assaultandbattery

o Rape

o Othertypesofsexualoffences

o Robbery

o Othertypesoftheft

o Economicandfinancialoffences

o Drugoffenses

o Terrorism

o Organisedcrime

o Othercases

TableAM6&AM7:Types ofmain offences of sentenced foreign inmates on1st September2013(numbers&percentages)

Inthesetablesareincludedinputsonsentencedforeigners(finalsentence).ThebreakdownisbasedonthesamecategoriesofoffencesasinTableAM4andAM5.

TableAM8:Flowofentriesofforeigninmatestopenalinstitutionsin2012

o Totalnumberofentriesofforeigners

o Numberofentriesbeforefinalsentence

o Numberofentriesaftertherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation

TableAM9:Numberofreleasesofforeignersfromcustodyduring2012

o Totalnumberofreleasesofforeigners

o Numberofreleasesofpre‐trialforeigndetainees

o Numberofreleasesoffinalsentencedforeigners

o Otherreleases

TableAM10:Placeswhereforeigninmateswerereleasedfrompenalinstitutionsin2012

NB:The generalqualityof thedatadidnot allow the accurate analysisof the turnover amongforeigninmates.Someofthefigureswerenotbeenfinallyvalidatedand,therefore,theserawdataweredeletedfromthefinalversionofpresentreport.



Conventions and Statistical Measures Thereportaimstogiveanoverviewof thecustodialsituationacrossEurope,not tomix‐upallnationaltraditionsandpractices ina rigidunrealisticdefinitionofprison. Indeed, this latestapproachwouldbescientifically unreliable and could not serve as a tool for the public policies and criminal justicepractitioners.Therefore,inSPACEsurveywearefullyconcernedaboutthequalityofthedataprovided.Inorder tominimise anymisinterpretation of figures included here, any user should be aware about theconventionsusedtoreplaceambiguoussignsandabbreviations.

CONVENTIONS USED

NAP***

Thequestionisirrelevant;theitemreferstoaconceptnotfoundinthepenalsystemofthecountryconcerned(Notapplicable).

0 Thenumberis0buttheconceptexistsinthepenalsystemofthecountryconcerned.

NA…

Nofiguresavailable,buttheconceptexistsinthepenalsystemofthecountryconcerned.

(number)

WhenthedataareshowninbracketsthismeansthattheyarenotstrictlycomparablewiththedatarequestedbySPACEIquestionnaire.Forexample,thisappliestoitemswhosedefinitionisnotthesameastheoneusedintheSPACEquestionnaire.Orwhenthetotalnumberofanalysedfigureislessorequalto10individuals.

Whenthequestionnaireboxisleftblankorasymbolisused,whosemeaningisnotexplicit(forexample"/"or"‐"),weleavetheboxblank.

AllcasesofdivergenceandadditionalcommentsprovidedbynationalcorrespondentshavebeengroupedandexplainedinthenotestotheTables.

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

In Tables containing rates or percentages, we have used the following measures to describe thedistributionofthedata:

Mean:thearithmeticmeanistheoutcomeofdividingthesumofthedatasuppliedbythetotalnumberofcountries.Themeanissensitivetoextremevalues(veryhighorverylow).

Median:themedianisthevaluethatdividesthedatasuppliedbythecountriesconcernedintotwoequalgroups so that 50% of the countries are above themedian and 50% are below it. The median is notinfluencedbyveryhighorverylowvalues.

Minimum:thelowestrecordedvalueinthegivencolumnoftheTable.

Maximum:thehighestrecordedvalueinthegivencolumnoftheTable.

Forreasonsofaccuracywehavecalculatedthemeanandmedianvaluesfromtheoriginaldatabase,whichcontainsallthedecimalsnotpresentedinthetables.Readerswhoreworkthecalculationsfromthedatainthetables‐whichonlycontainoneortwodecimals‐willthereforeobtainslightlydifferentresultsthanours.



Demographic Data

Theratespresentedinthisreporthavebeencalculatedusingdemographicdata(totalpopulationofeachEuropeancountryonJanuary1st,2013),takenfromtheEurostatDatabase(“Populationon1stJanuarybyageandgender”9).

Exceptions:Forsomecountries, the figuresof thepopulationarenotavailable in theEurostatdatasets(i.e. for 2013 it was the case of Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Monaco, Russian Federation, SanMarino, and Georgia). Moreover, some national correspondents provided information for differentterritorialdivisionsthantheonesusedinEUROSTATdemographicdata.Theterritoriesconcernedandthesourcesusedfortheirdemographicdataarethefollowing:

Andorra:Demographicdataaremid‐2013estimates.DataretrievedfromtheWorldDevelopmentIndicatorsdatabaseontheWebsiteoftheWorldBank:http://data.worldbank.org(retrievedonOctober14th,2014).

BosniaandHerzegovina(FederationofBosniaandHerzegovina):Demographicdatareferto30thJune2012.DatawereretrievedfromtheWebsiteoftheFederalOfficeofStatistics(report:Theestimateofthepresentpopulationbyageandsex,June30,2013),availableat:http://www.fzs.ba/saopcenja/2013/14.2.1.pdf(retrievedonOctober10th,2014).

BosniaandHerzegovina(RepublikaSrpska):Demographicdataareestimates.Theestimatesaredonefor2013onthebasisofthenaturalchangesofpopulationandmigration(“Demographicstatistics.StatisticalBulletin”no.17,RepublikaSrpskaInstituteofStatistics,BanjaLuka,2014,p.15),availableat:http://www.rzs.rs.ba/front/article/1231/?left_mi=None&add=None(retrievedonOctober10th,2014).

France:DemographicdataincludestheEuropeanterritoryofFrance(knownastheMetropolitanFrance),theFrenchoverseasdepartments(Guadeloupe,Martinique,GuianaandReunion,knownasDOMorDépartementsd’Outre‐mer)aswellasoverseascommunities(FrenchPolynesia,NewCaledonia,Mayotte,Saint‐Pierre‐and‐Miquelon,WallisandFutuna,Saint‐MartinandSaint‐Barthélemy).

Georgia:Demographicdataaremid‐2013estimates.DataretrievedfromtheWorldDevelopmentIndicatorsdatabaseontheWebsiteoftheWorldBank:http://data.worldbank.org(retrievedonOctober14th,2014).

Monaco:Demographicdataaremid‐2013estimates.DataretrievedfromtheWorldDevelopmentIndicatorsdatabaseontheWebsiteoftheWorldBank:http://data.worldbank.org(retrievedonOctober14th,2014).

RussianFederation:Demographicdataaremid‐2013estimates.DataretrievedfromtheWorldDevelopmentIndicatorsdatabaseontheWebsiteoftheWorldBank:http://data.worldbank.org(retrievedonOctober14th,2014).

SanMarino:Demographicdataaremid‐2013estimates.DataretrievedfromtheWorldDevelopmentIndicatorsdatabaseontheWebsiteoftheWorldBank:http://data.worldbank.org(retrievedonOctober14th,2014).

Serbia:DemographicdataexcludeKosovoandMetohijaterritories.

Spain(StateAdministrationandCatalonia):Demographicdatareferto1stJanuary2013.DatawereretrievedonOctober14th,2014,availableforSpain(Totalfigure)andseparatelyforCataloniaontheWebsiteoftheNationalStatisticsInstituteofSpain(INE)inthedatasetPopulationsbyAutonomousCommunitiesandCitiesandsex:http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do.

UnitedKingdom(EnglandandWales,NorthernIreland,andScotland):Demographicdataaremid‐2013estimates.DatawereretrievedonOctober14th,2014:

i. EnglandandWales:Statisticalbulletin:AnnualMid‐yearPopulationEstimatesforEnglandandWales,2013,byOfficeforNationalStatistics:http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/pop‐estimate/population‐estimates‐for‐uk‐‐england‐and‐wales‐‐scotland‐and‐northern‐ireland/2013/stb‐‐‐mid‐2013‐uk‐population‐estimates.html,

ii. NorthernIreland:Mid‐YearPopulationEstimates,byNorthernIrelandStatisticsandResearchAgency(NISRA):http://www.nisra.gov.uk/demography/default.asp17.htm.

iii. Scotland:Mid‐2013PopulationEstimatesScotland:Populationestimatesbysex,ageandadministrativearea,byNationalRecordsofScotland(p.9):http://www.gro‐scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/population‐estimates/mid‐2013/mid‐2013‐pop‐est.pdf.

9http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/search_database (figures retrieved from the database onOctober14th,2014)



Data Validation Procedure The comparability of the data collected is one of the main concerns and main problems that anyinternationalsurveyseektosolve.Therefore,specialattentionisgiveneveryyeartotheimprovementofdatavalidationtechniquessusedinSPACE.

Accordingto theauthorsof theEuropeanSourcebookofCrimeandCriminalJusticeStatistics (Strasbourg,CouncilofEurope,1999),"validationisoftenthemostimportant–andinmanycasesthemostforgotten–stageofthedatacollectionprocess".

Thus, since the2002SPACE I survey,wehave introducedavalidationprocedure for thedata received.Suchproceduresubstantially increasestheworkloadofall the individualsandcountries involvedintheelaboration of SPACE. It also delays the publication of the data. However, we believe that the resultsobtainedinotherwords,theimprovementstothequalityofthedatajustifyitsuse.

Aspartofthevalidationprocedure,weproduceapreliminaryversionofSPACEreportandaseriesofcontrolTablesthatrevealanumber of inconsistencies or visible“outliers” in the raw data receivedfromnationalcorrespondents.

Then,significantdifferences(generallyannual discrepancies of more than10%or20%dependingonthequalityof the item) are corrected by nationalcorrespondents.

Insomecases, it is imperativetotranslateor to provide additional explanations inordertoavoidnewerror.

Mostof thecountries correct their figuresorindicatethereasonsforthedivergencesidentified.

Itwasnoticedthatdivergencesaremainlyduetodifferences in the national prison statisticssystems as well as in criminal justice systemsacrossEuropeandareexplained in thenotes totherelevantTables.

Nevertheless, despite our efforts to identify errors and the very rigorousmethodology applied for thevalidation, it is not possible to guarantee the full reliability of all data included in this report. Someoffiguresmay still remain “invisible” andothersmayhavebeen introduced involuntarilyduring thedataprocessing.Moreover,ithasnotalwaysbeenpossibletocorrecttheinconsistenciesdiscoveredinatotallysatisfactoryway.Inthatcontext,anyreaders'comments,notesorcriticismsarewelcomed.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Theauthorsthankallpersonswhobroughttheirsupport,advice,suggestionsorknowledgeofspecific national features and, therefore, who have contributed to the achievement of thisreport,inparticularallnationalcorrespondentsineachMemberStateoftheCouncilofEurope.

AparticulargratitudegoestoMrRoyWalmsleyforhisattentiveandcriticalreadingofSPACEreportsduringthelast10years.WearealsogratefultoMrWalmsleyforhavingsharedwithussome missing figures and, therefore, for contributing to increase of the quality of SPACEcomparisons.

Comparability

Cross‐sectionnal

Europeandefinitions

Attentiontothenational

peculiarities

Internalcountingrules

Categoriesincl./excl.

Longitudinal

Verticalcheck

Buildtime‐series

Time‐seriesmapping

Attentiontothesignificantgaps/jupms

Figure0:SPACEIComparabilityLevels



Statistical Tables

Strasb

bourg, 15 Decemmber 2014, pc‐c

A.

cp\space\docum

Prisonon 1st

ments\pc‐cp (20

n Popu Septem

014) 11

ulationsmber 20

Council

: Glob013

of Europe Annua

PC‐

bal ind

al Penal Statistics

‐CP (2014) 11

dicators

s 29

s



This part of the report presents statistical Tables, explanatory notes, Figures andMaps that cover thegeneralsituationofEuropeanpenal institutions. Italso includesdataondetention incustody, includingdifferent types of penal institutions aswell as an analysis of the evolution of several indicators of thepenitentiarysystemsacrossEurope.

A.1. LEGISLATIVE AND OTHER MEASURES WHICH DIRECTLY INFLUENCE TRENDS IN THE

NUMBER OF PRISONERS

ALBANIA1. Changesincriminallaw:

a. Amendments in thePenalCodeaddressedthe issueof internal trafficking inhumanbeings,andcriminalizedtheuseofvictims’services.

b. In thecontextof the fightagainstcorruption,newdispositionsrelated to theactiveandpassivecorruptionofthehighrankfunctionariesofthestate,judges,prosecutorsandotherfunctionariesofjustice,havebeenaddedtothePenalCode.Thepenaloffencesrelatedtothecorruptionintheprivatesectorwereincludedforthefirsttime.AninnovationofthePenalCodeistheforeseeingofpenal responsibilitynotonly for thosewhogiveandacceptbribe,butalso for thosewhooffersillegalinfluenceonthedecision‐makingofthepublicofficials.

c. Newoffencesandheavierpenaltieswereintroducedforsomecrimes,suchasdomesticviolence,bloodfeud,etc.TheseadjustmentsweremadeinordertoaligningtheAlbaniancodewithseveralEuropean standards and international conventions, including the ones on the protection ofwomenandchildren.

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:Draftingofsomeamendmentsandchangesto law no. 8328, dated 16 April 1998 on the Rights andTreatment of Sentenced Inmates and Pre‐trialDetainees. Thisdraft law covers issues related to the rights and treatmentof inmates anddetainees, e.g.applicationofthemandatoryhealthcarescheme;therequestandcomplaintmechanism;disciplinepolicy;rewardingandspecialfurloughs;transferrules;protectionofpersonaldata,aswellasspecifythegeneralprinciplesforthetreatmentofpersonswithlimitedmentalabilities;foreigndetaineesandinmates;femalesandminors;personswithlimitedabilities,etc.

3. Amnesties:0.4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

ANDORRA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

ARMENIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:5individualpardonsgrantedon1stOctober2013.5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

AUSTRIA1. Changesincriminallaw:NA;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:ThelawconcerningElectronicTagginghas

beenamendedin2013.Moreandstricterrequirementswereintroducedforsexualoffenderstobeeligibleforthisformofsupervision.

3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:179 inmates– Individualpardon isgrantedby thePresidentofFederalRepublicof

Austria.5. Collective pardons: 48 inmates – Traditional Christmas pardon granted by the President of Federal

RepublicofAustria.6. Other:No.



AZERBAIJAN1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:LawOnprotectionofrightsandfreedomsof

detainees (22.05.2012N352‐IVQ)summarized, clarifiedand improvednormsofdifferent legislativeactsrelatedtopre‐trialdetention.Thelawdefinesthetypesofremandinstitutions,embodiesthegroundsforplacement to theplacesofpre‐trialdetention, specifies timerestrictions forkeepingdetainees incertaintypesofinstitutions,andregulatestransfersofprisonersfromoneplaceofdetentiontoanother.

3. Amnesties:2,834inmateswerereleasedasaconsequenceoftheenforcementoftheLawonAmnestyfrom7thMay2013.

4. Individualpardons:87inmates–TheActofPresidentialPardonfrom26thDecember2012.5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

BELGIUM1. Changesincriminallaw:NA;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.

BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA–STATELEVELGeneralnote:ThereisonlythePre‐trialdetentionunitoftheStateCourtofBiHwhichfallsinthecompetencyoftheBiHMinistryofJustice.OtherpenitentiaryestablishmentsareinthecompetenceoftheentityMinistriesofJustice.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA–FEDERALLEVEL1. Changesincriminallaw:NA;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.

BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA–REPUBLIKASRPSKA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:ChangesandamendmentstotheLawonthe

ExecutionofCriminalSanctions(OfficialGazetteoftheRepublikaSrpskanumber98/13).3. Amnesties:0;4. Individual pardons: 310 inmates were granted pardon, of which: 15 sentenced inmates, 72 on the

proposalofthepenitentiaryestablishment,and223onthedecisionofthegovernor.5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

BULGARIAGeneral note: Stock figures relate to 31st December 2013 instead of 1st September 2013. The penitentiary system in Bulgariaconsistsmainlyoftwolevelsofcustody:investigativedetentionfacilitiesandprisons.Stockfigurespresentedinthisreportrefertopre‐trial detainees and sentenced inmates held only in prisons. The stock figures donot include persons residing within theinvestigativedetentionfacilities(IDF)becausetheaccuratedatafromtheseinstitutionsarenotavailable.

1. Changes incriminal law:NewandupdatedLawontheExecutionofSentencesandDetention adoptedon15thFebruary2013,mainlyreferringtoadministrativechangeswithinthesetupoftheGeneralDirectorateoftheExecutionofSentences.InsignificantchangesinthePenalCodeandtheCodeofPenalProcedure.

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons: Individualpardonsareconsideredonacase‐by‐casebasisbyaparolecommitteeto

theVice‐Presidentinstitution.4individualpardonsweregrantedduringthereferenceperiod.5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.



CROATIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1stSeptember2013.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.

CYPRUSGeneralnotes:

(a) Prison population figures donot include the areas that are not under the effective control of theGovernmentoftheRepublicofCyprus.

(b) Stockfiguresinclude592inmatesinthePrisonInstitutionand219inmatesheldinPolicestations.1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

Note: In the Area administrated by Turkish Cypriots, according to the 2013 AnnualHumanRightsReportof theUnitedStatesDepartmentofState,on30thSeptember2013,therewere“307prisonersanddetainees[…],41percentwereforeigners,two‐thirdsofwhomwereTurkishcitizens[…].Ofthosesentenced,41percentweresentencedtoaheavy penalty and 23 percent to a light penalty. Fifteen female prisoners and two juveniles were incarcerated.Approximately35.5percentoftheprisonerpopulationconsistedofpersonsawaitingtrial.”10CZECHREPUBLICGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1stSeptember2013.

1. Changesincriminallaw:0;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties: On 1st January 2013 a large Presidential amnesty was applied. As a consequence, 6,471

prisonerswerereleasedfromcustody.4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

DENMARK1. Changesincriminallaw:

a. AmendmentoftheDanishSentenceEnforcementAct(Straffuldbyrdelsesloven)(ActNo.628of12thJune2013–dateofcommencement:1stJuly2013).

i. Expansion of the electronic tagging scheme. Sentence enforcement at home underintensivemonitoringandcontrolwasintroducedinDenmarkin2005.

ii. The Amendment to the Sentence Enforcement Act expanded the electronic taggingschemetogiveconvictedoffendersthepossibilityofservingprisonsentencesofuptosixmonths(previouslyuptofivemonths)athomeunderintensivemonitoringandcontroliftheoffendersmeettheotherconditions.

b. Amendmentof theDanishCriminalCode(Straffeloven) (ActNo.628of12th June2013–dateofcommencement:1stJuly2013).

i. Repealofthesection38(3)oftheCriminalCode:allowforreleaseonparoleinallcasesin which the convicted offenders meet the relevant conditions even though theremainderofthesentencetermislessthan30days.

ii. Section40a(1)(i)wasamendedtoallowordinary‘work’tojustifyearlyreleasefollowingspecificassessment,onthesametermsastreatmentprogramme,educationortrainingcourse,orworktraining:thegive‐and‐takescheme:

Prior to the amendmentof2013, the section40a(1)of theCriminalCodewas as follow:‘Where half of the sentence term has been served, but always at least twomonths, theMinister of Justice or the person so authorised by the Minister may decide that theconvictedpersonwill be releasedonparole in situationsother than those referred to in

10SeeinparticulartheCountryReportsonHumanRightsPracticesfor2013:http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?dynamic_load_id=220268&year=2013#wrapper.



section 38(2) if implications for law enforcement are deemednot toweigh against suchreleaseand–

(i) theconvictedpersonhasmadeaspecialeffort toavoidrelapsingintocrime,includingbyundergoingtreatment,attendinganeducationoratrainingcourse,orundertakingworktraining;or(ii)itisjustifiedbythecircumstancesoftheconvictedperson.’

c. AccordingtotheexplanatorynotestoActNo.628of12June2013,ordinaryworkcouldbeworkrelated to the practical or financial operation of the institution, such as buildingmaintenance,janitorworkandproductiveactivities,exceptforworktraining;

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

ESTONIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:1inmatewasgrantedpardon.5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

FINLAND1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:1inmatewasgrantedpardon.5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

FRANCEGeneralnotes: Stockdatarelateto1stOctober2013insteadof1stSeptember2013. DatarelatetothewholeFrance, includingEuropeanterritoryofFrance(knownasMétropole)aswellas to

French overseas territories (Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana and Reunion, known as DOM orDépartementsd’Outre‐mer).

1. Changesincriminallaw:DecisionsinMinassianandMarchicasesbytheCriminalDivisionoftheCourtofCassationof26thJune2013:thecourtrefusedtoapplytheprovisionsofArticleD.48‐5oftheCodeofPenalProcedure.Whereasthedeterminationofinterruptiveactionfallswithinthelimitationareaofthelaw,nottheareaofthesettlement.TheCourtrefusedtogranttotheactswhichcorrespondonlytotheexecutionofthesentencetheinterruptingcharacterforeseenforenforcementofthesentence.TheCourtconcludesthestatutoryperiodcouldnotbeinterruptedbyactsrelatedtotheexecutionofthesentence,inthiscasetheissueoftheEuropeanarrestwarrant.

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:ThelastappliedLawonamnestyisn°2002‐1062of6thAugust2002.4. Individualpardons:7individualpardonsgrantedbythePresidentoftheRepublic.5. Collectivepardons:ConstitutionalLawonthemodernisationofthe5thRepublic’sinstitutionsfrom23rdJuly

2008 abolished collective pardons. Article 17 of the Constitution from 4th October 1958 was modified.Nowadays this article foresees the following: “The President of the Republic has the right to grantindividualpardons”.

6. Other:No.GEORGIA

1. Changesincriminallaw:NA;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;3. Amnesties:8,718inmateswerereleasedasaresultoftheapplicationoftheamnesty.4. Individualpardons:622inmatesweregrantedpardon.5. Collectivepardons:3collectivepardonswereappliedduringthereferenceperiod.6. Other:294inmateswerereleaseduetotheapplicationofotherdecisions.



GERMANYGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stMarch2013insteadof1stSeptember2013;

1. Changesincriminallaw:a. The Act to Extend Courses of Action Available to Juvenile Courts (Gesetz zurErweiterungder

jugendgerichtlichenHandlungsmöglichkeiten) of 4th September 2012 (Federal LawGazette 2012Part I, pp. 1854 et seqq.) contains relevant amendments to the Youth Courts Act(Jugendgerichtsgesetz,JGG)thatareapplicabletothosewhowereyouthsatthetimeoftheoffence(14to17yearsold)andtothoseyoungadults(18to20yearsold)towhomjuvenilecriminallawisappliedpursuanttosection105oftheYouthCourtsAct.

i. Firstly,byintroducingsection16aoftheYouthCourtsActandaccompanyingprovisions,this Act created, with effect from 7 March 2013, the possibility of imposing youthdetentionontopofayouthpenaltyinonejudgment,ifexecutionoftheyouthpenaltyissuspendedonprobation.Previously,youthdetention(whichcanbeimposedforatleasta week's leisure time or as longer‐term detention for one to four weeks) and youthpenalty(atleastsixmonths)weremutuallyexclusive.Becausethereisariskofcounter‐productiveeffects,theapplicationofyouthdetentioninthesecaseshasbeenlimitedbystatuteto threenarrowlydefinedcasecategories. If thecourtsapplythe lawcorrectly,thenumbersofinmatesinyouthdetentionfacilitiesarethereforenotlikelytoincreaseconsiderably. It is even conceivable that, in individual cases, a youth penalty will besuspendedonprobationonlyifyouthdetentionhasbeenorderedundersection16aoftheYouthCourtsAct.Thiscouldleadtoan–albeitalsoratherinconsiderable–decreaseinthenumberofinmatesinjuvenileprisons.

ii. Secondly,byintroducingnewprovisionsinsections61,61aand61boftheYouthCourtsAct(inforcesince7October2012),theabove‐mentionedacthasalsocreatedrulesforpostponing the decision on whether or not to suspend an imposed youth penalty onprobation. Especially in cases where it is not possible at the time of the judgment tomakeasufficient,positiveprognosisregardingprobation,thiscouldleadtoareductionin the number of enforceable youth penalties and thus to a certain decrease in thejuvenileprisonpopulation.

b. Section105(3)of theYouthCourtsActwas introducedby theabove‐mentionedactwitheffectfrom8September2012.Withthisprovision,thepossibilityhasbeencreatedforayouthpenaltyof up to 15 years to be imposed against young adults for particularly serious cases ofmurder,insteadofthemaximumpenaltyof10yearswhichisusuallyapplicabletothisgroup.Thescopeofapplicationofthisprovisionwilllikelybemarginal.However,itisnotentirelyinconceivablethatthisnewmaximumsentenceforthemostseverecaseswillleadtoacertain(upward)shiftinthegeneralsanctioningpracticeoftheyouthcourts.


GREECE1. Changes in criminal law: Law 4139/2013, article 35 on Conditional release: Anyone convicted of the

crimes of Article 32 paragraph 1 in a custodial sentence and serving the sentence in prison, if he hassuccessfullycompletedanapprovedlegaladvisoryorphysicalrehabilitationtreatmentprogrammewithorwithout substitutes and physical and mental addiction and there is a certificate from a recognisedtherapeutictreatmentprogramthatoperatesoutsideoftheprisonthatisacceptabletoit,maybereleasedby the competentOrdinance of theBoardofmisdemeanours andbefore the applicable time specified inArticles105andfollowingofthePenalCode,providedthathe/sheattendstheprogramme,andthathe/shehasservedinanywayatleastonefifth(1/5)ofthesentence.Theprogrammanagershaveanobligationtoinform on the first day of every month the court and fill a special card, which states explicitly thecontinuousattendance,therelatedprogress,stabilizationandsuccessfulcompletionoftheprogramme.Theundue interruption of the programme is directly reported to the competent Public Prosecutor and theJudicialCouncilproceedstotherevocationoftherelease.

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:57inmatesweregrantedpardon.5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:NA.



HUNGARY1. Changesincriminallaw:No.TheLawontheExecutionofPunishments,Court‐OrderedSupervisionand

Post‐ChargeNon‐CriminalDetentionNr.CCXLof2013willcomeintoforceon1stJanuary2015.2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:NAP;6. Other:No.

ICELAND1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

IRELAND1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:From1stMay2012,boysuptotheageof17

yearswerenolongerdetainedinadultprisons,butsenttochildrendetentionschools.Thisdidnotrequirea change in primary legislation but rather a change in recertification of capacity under secondarylegislation.

3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

ITALYGeneralnote:TheDepartmentofPenitentiaryAdministrationdoesnotprocessdataconcerningjuvenileoffenders.Thereforeinthisreportareincludedfiguresonlyonadultinmates.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:Lawof9August2013nr.94convertingthe

LawbyDecreenr78of1stJuly2013:iteliminatesrecidivismasanobstacletothesuspensionoftheorderofexecutionofpunishment.Theentriesintopenalestablishmentsdecreasedofabout30%to50%sincethefirstmonthsofenforcementofsaidLawbyDecreeandthenoftheLaw.

3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other: Law of 17 February 2012, nr.9, modifying the Law 199/2010, relevant to the Executionof the

sentenceatone'sowndomicile. The effects of that Law are affecting the number of prisoners: i.e. from1September2012to31August2013,4,280personswerereleasedfromprisonsincompliancewiththatlaw.

LATVIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto1stOctober2013insteadof1stSeptember2013.

1. Changesincriminallaw:a. CriminalLaw:

i. ChangesinCriminalLawon13.12.2012cameintoforceon1stApril2013‐significantlyexpandedtheuseofalternativesanctions,andintroducednewadditionalsentencesandreducedthepenaltylimits.

ii. ChangesinCriminalLawon14.03.2013cameintoforceon1stApril2013clarified: Sec.12. Liability in the Case of a Legal Person (A natural personwho has committed a

criminaloffenceactingintheinterestsofalegalpersongovernedbyprivatelaw,forthesakeofthepersonorasaresultofinsufficientsupervisionorcontrolthereofshallbeheldcriminallyliable,butthelegalpersonmaybeappliedthecoercivemeasuresprovidedforinthisLaw);

Sec.70.1BasisfortheApplicationofaCoerciveMeasuretoaLegalPerson; Sec.70.2‐TypesofCoerciveMeasuresApplicabletoaLegalPerson; Sec.70.4‐RestrictionofRights;

Sec.70.8‐ConditionsfortheApplicationofCoerciveMeasurestoaLegalPerson;b. CriminalProcedureLaw:

i. Changes in Criminal Procedure Law on 15.11.2012 came into force on 14.12.2012providefulluseofpre‐trialevaluationreportmadebyStateprobationService(thiswas



limitedduetotheeconomiccrisis).ii. ChangesofCriminalprocedurelawon20.12.2012cameintoforceon1stApril2013,and

criminalpenaltypolicyhassubstantiallychanged: Sec273‐GroundsfortheApplicationofArresttoMinors,PregnantWomen,andWomen

inthePost‐natalPeriodsubmittedinanewredaction Sec.278‐TermsofArrestforMinorssubmittedinanewredaction:fromthreemonthsto

30daysreduces theallowabletermof imprisonmentforacriminaloffense ‐determinecertainperiodsofdetentionforminors;

Sec 379 –first part supplemented with fifth point ‐ an investigator with consent of asupervising public prosecutor, public prosecutor or a court may terminate criminalproceedings, if person committed a criminal offense at the time it was subjected tohumantraffickingandwasforcedtodoit.

Sec381–changesinsecondpart–providedthatpersondirectingtheproceedingsshallbean obligation in cases if criminal offense has done by the juvenile and in criminalproceduremediationprocessispossible,mustinformaboutthatStateProbationService.

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:a. CabinetRegulationNr.191adopted9April2013Proceduresregardingimplementationofthere‐

socializationofsentencedpersons came into forceon12April2013.These regulationsprescribethe procedure for implementation of the equal rights of sentenced persons in the prisons anddeterminethedescriptionofthere‐socializationmodelforpersonssentencedwithdeprivationofliberty,thenecessitytoassessthismodelregularlywhilethere‐socializationprocessoccurs,thecompetenceofofficials involved in re‐socializationof sentencedpersons, tasksanddeadlinesofthetasks,thedocumentationforprocessofre‐socializationandresultsachieved.

b. CabinetRegulationNr.1342adopted19November2013Procedureregardingpersonswhohavethe right to defence are ensured with assistance of an interpreter during themeeting with thedefender shall come into force7December 2013, adopted in order to implement the EuropeanParliamentandCouncilDirective2010/64/ES20October2010abouttherighttooralandwrittentranslation in criminal proceedings. These regulationsdetermineprocedures regardingpersonswhohavetherighttodefencebutdonotunderstandthenationallanguage.Incases,mentionedinCriminalProcedureLawSection11Part21and22,theassistanceofaninterpreterandrangeofassistanceisensured.

3. Amnesties:0;4. Individual pardons: In total 16 inmates were granted pardon; of which 9 male inmates were fully

discharged from further execution of their sentence, and 7 male inmates were partly discharged (e.g.punishmentcutbycourtadjudgement).

5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

LIECHTENSTEIN1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

LITHUANIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto1stJuly2013insteadof1stSeptember2013.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individual pardons: During the period from 1st September 2012 to 31st August 2013, there were 4

PresidentialDecreesgrantingpardon.Asaresult,15prisonershadthetermoftheirservicereduced,and7prisonerswerepardonedfromtheremainingtermofthesentenceofimprisonment.

5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.



LUXEMBOURG1. Changesincriminallaw:

a. Lawoninternationalrecidivismof24thFebruary2012:i. Art.56:Whoever,afterhavingbeenconvicted,commitsanoffense,canbesentencedto

twicethemaximumprovidedforinthelawagainsttheoffense.Thesamesentencecanbepronouncediftheconvictedpersonhadpreviouslybeensentencedtoaminimumofone year prison sentence, if he/she committed the new offense during the five yearperiodrunningsincehe/sheservedhis/hersentence.

ii. Art. 57‐4. (L. 24th February 2012): The rules established for recidivism will applyfollowingthepreviousarticles,exceptforart.57‐1,incaseofapreviousfinalsentenceinanotherMemberStateoftheEuropeanUnionagainstthesamepersonbutfordifferentfacts.Theprevioussentence is taken intoaccountto theextent that the judicialeffectsattachedtothissentenceareequivalenttothoseattachedtoapriornationalsentence.


MALTA1. Changesincriminallaw:NA;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:1inmatewasgrantedpardononfine.5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

MOLDOVAGeneralnote:PrisonpopulationfiguresdonotincludetheregionofTransdiestria.

1. Changesincriminallaw:Lawnr.277‐XVI/18December2008ontheamendmentoftheCriminalCode.2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:6inmatesweregrantedpardon.5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other: 709persons concernedby replacementof theunexecuted sentencewithamilderpunishmentor

with fine, releases due to illness, conditional release before time and after serving the sentence withprivilegedcalculationofworkingdays.

MONACO1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

MONTENEGRO1. Changesincriminallaw:0;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:

a. RulebookonHouseOrderintheAdministrationforExecutionofCriminalSanctions,b. RulebookonMethodologyofExecutionofDetention;

3. Amnesties: 166 persons released as result of the application of the Amnesty Act of 7th August 2013("Official Gazette of Montenegro" No. 39/13). The provision of the Act lids the exemption from theexecutionof25%oftheimposedsentence.

4. Individualpardons:19individualpardonsgrantedbythePresidentofMontenegro.5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.



THENETHERLANDSGeneralnote:Inthetotalnumberofinmatesarenotincludedjuvenileoffenders.Moreover,personsheldincustodialclinics(TBS)placedthereunderahospitalorderarealsoexcludedfromthecalculationofprisonpopulation.Ontheopposite,illegalaliensheldforadministrativereasonsareincludedinthetotalnumberofprisoners.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:

a. TheLawWOTSappliestothepersonswhowereconvictedoutsidetheNetherlands,butwhocanserve their sentence in the Netherlands. The WOTS makes possible the transference of theexecution of criminal judgements. The Law applies to the prisoners who have some form ofbond/tie with the Netherlands (e.g. Dutch nationality and living and working there) but notcompulsorythosewhowerebornintheNetherlands.

b. Sincethe1stNovember2012,anewlaw(WETS)is inforce,whichregulatesthispossibilitytoo,butonlyforEuropeancountries.WETSmakespossiblethatDutchprisonersservetheirsentenceinaDutchprisononanobligatory(contrarytotheprecedingWOTS)basis.Thislawmightleadtoupto500extradetaineesin2019.

3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:Theinmateswhowerebeenconvictedcanbegrantedindividualpardon.In2012,332

pardonsweregranted,ofwhich117withconditions.5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

NORWAY1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:NAP;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:NAP;6. Other:No.

POLANDGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1stSeptember2013.

1. Changesincriminallaw:a. AchangeintheCriminalCode(Art178a)from9thNovember2013:ridingabicycle(orothernon‐

mechanicalvehicle)undertheinfluenceofalcoholchangedfromoffencetopettyoffence.b. AchangeintheCriminalCode(Art278paragraph1):thetheftwithapossessionofthevalueupto

about100eurochangedfromoffencetoapettyoffence.2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

PORTUGALGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1stSeptember2013.

1. Changesincriminallaw:LawNo.13/2013of11Januaryclassifiesthepenitentiaryinstitutionsaccordingthesecuritylevelandthedegreeofcomplexityinmanagement.Thislawhasanadministrativeimpact,butdoesnothaveadirectincidenceonthetrendsinthenumberofinmates.


ROMANIA1. Changesincriminallaw:TheLawno.254/19July2013(OfficialGazetteofRomaniano.514of14August

2013),OntheexecutionofcustodialsanctionsandmeasuresimposedbyjudicialauthoritiesenteredintoforceinparallelwiththeLawno.286/2009onthePenalCodeandtheLawno.135/2010ontheCodeofPenalProcedure. This Law (in force since February 2014) complements the substantive and proceduralanticipations on custodial sanctions and measures in the two codes, showing how they should beimplemented. The aims of this Law is to ensure the social rehabilitation of the convicted adult persons,natural and harmonious physical and psychological development of sentenced children or young adults,preventingthecommissionoffurtheroffensesandensuringtheproperconductofcriminalproceedings.

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;




RUSSIANFEDERATION1. Changesincriminallaw:NA;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;3. Amnesties: Resolution of the StateDuma from2nd July 2013Nr 2559‐6 SD "On amnesty": 369 inmates

werereleased.4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.

SANMARINO1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

SERBIA1. Changes in criminal law: The Criminal Code has been amended in the part relating to the institute of

parole(conditionalrelease),stipulatingthemandatoryparolewhencertainconditionsaremet(2/3ofthesentencehasbeenserved,ithasbeenassessedtheywillnotcommitanewcriminaloffense,theyhavenotbeen awarded a disciplinarypunishment twice and theyhavenot beendeprivedof the grantedbenefitsduringservingofaprisonsentence).

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:AmnestyLawpassedattheendof2012;asaconsequence,1,185inmateswerereleased.4. Individualpardons:2inmatesweregrantedpardon.5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.

SLOVAKREPUBLIC1. Changesincriminallaw:

a. PenalCode:i. Act no. 334/2012 Coll. amends the Act no. 330/2007 Coll. on Criminal Register– the

Council Framework Decision 08/675/JHA of 24 July 2008 on taking account ofconvictions in theMemberStatesof theEuropeanUnion inthecourseofnewcriminalproceedingswasincluded.

ii. Cancellationoftheso‐calledaspirationprinciplein§41par.2ofthePenalCode.iii. SeveralDirectivesoftheEuropeanParliamentwereincluded.

b. CodeofCriminalProcedure:i. theCouncilFrameworkDecision08/675/JHAwasincludedii. SeveralDirectivesoftheEuropeanParliamentwereincluded.

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:AmnestyofthePresidentoftheSlovakRepublicon1January2014:802inmatesreleased.4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

SLOVENIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.



SPAIN(NATIONALADMINISTRATION)General note: The Penitentiary Administration does not have any competences over juvenile offenders. These categories ofoffendersaremanagedbytheadministrationsofautonomouscommunities.Thereforeinthisreportareincludedonlyfiguresonadultinmates.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:NAP;4. Individualpardons:appliedon284inmates;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

SPAIN(CATALONIA)1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

SWEDENGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto1stOctober2013insteadof1stSeptember2013.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

SWITZERLANDGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto4thSeptember2013insteadof1stSeptember2013.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.

THEFORMERYUGOSLAVREPUBLICOFMACEDONIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:7inmatesweregrantedpardon.5. Collectivepardons:17collectivepardonswerepronouncedatNewYearoccasionandon2ndofAugust.6. Other:191inmateswere realisedinapplicationofacourtdecision,592inmateswereconditionalrealised,

for4inmatesthejudgementwasabolished,and66inmatesreleasedunderrepeatingjudgementprocedure.TURKEY

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:

a. Amendment inLawNo.5275on theEnforcementofPenaltiesandSecurityMeasures,which is theadditionofArticle105/A,cameintoeffecton11April2012throughLawNo.6291.Thus,prisonerswhohaveamaximumof1yearsentenceleftandwhohavespenttheirlastsixmonthsinanopenprisonandwhohavegoodconductcanapplyforprobation.Appliedon33,976prisoners.

b. AmendmentNo.6352cameintoeffecton5July2012;theupperlimitof3yearsofprisonsentencehasbeenabandoned.Thus,prisonerssentencedtoprisonofmorethan3yearscanbenefitfromadministrativecontrol,too.Appliedon25,911prisoners(between5.07.2012and31.12.2012).

c. AmendmentinLawNo.5402onProbationServices,whichistheadditionofArticleNo.15/A,cameinto effect on 11 April 2012. Thus, electronic monitoring became available. Applied on 56prisoners.




UKRAINE1. Changesincriminallaw:NA;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALESGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto30thJune2013insteadof1stSeptember2013.

1. Changesincriminallaw:NA;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.

UK:NORTHERNIRELAND1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:SinceNovember2012legislationhasbeen

put inplace thatall17yearoldoffendersareadmitted toWoodlands Juvenile JusticeCentrerather thanHydebankWoodYoungOffenderCentre.


UK:SCOTLANDGeneral note: SPACE returns (before SPACE I 2012)were completed using the Scottish Government statistical systemwhich isbasedondatafromtheScottishPrisonServicePR2managementinformationsystem.Duetotechnicalproblemswiththisstatisticalsystem,thefiguresfortheSPACEI2012and2013returnshavebeenextractedfromthePR2systemanddifferslightlyfromfiguresextractedfromtheScottishGovernmentstatisticalsystem,primarilyintermsoftheamountofdetailavailableandnorecordeddataon flows (receptions and liberations). The Scottish Prison Service population figures also do not include prisoners classified asunlawfullyatlarge,forinstanceduetoabsconding,notreturningfromtemporaryleaveasscheduled,orbeingsubjecttorecallduetobreachofhomedetentioncurfewconditions.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.



TABLE 1: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013

Reference: Council of Europe, SPACE I 2013.1

Country

Populationon1stJanuary2013

Totalnumberofinmates(includingpre‐trialdetainees)

Prisonpopulationrateper100,000population

Totalcapacityofpenal

institutions

Surfaceareaperinmate

Prisondensityper100places

Albania 2898782 4998 172.4 4537 5.4 110.2Andorra 79218 47 59.3 145 11.0 32.4Armenia 3026878 4698 155.2 4395 4.0 106.9Austria 8451860 8831 104.5 8681 10.0 101.7Azerbaijan 9356483 20327 217.3 25492 From4to5 79.7Belgium 11161642 12697 113.8 9462 NAP 134.2BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) 17 20 13.0 85.0BH:Fed.BiH 2337200 BH:Rep.Srpska 1425549 1003 70.4 1364 4.0 73.5Bulgaria 7284552 8834 121.3 NA 4.0 NACroatia 4262140 4352 102.1 3921 4.0 111.0Cyprus 865878 811 93.7 589 6.4 137.7CzechRep. 10516125 16266 154.7 20924 4.0 77.7Denmark 5602628 4091 73.0 4151 From7to12 98.6Estonia 1320174 3256 246.6 3256 2.5 100.0Finland 5426674 3126 57.6 3109 100.5France 65578819 78363 119.5 57435 11.0 117.2Georgia 4476900 8868 198.1 21398 41.4Germany 80523746 67681 84.1 77243 87.6Greece 11062508 13238 119.7 9886 133.9Hungary 9908798 18313 184.8 12639 3.0 144.9Iceland 321857 152 47.2 165 From6to13.3 92.1Ireland 4591087 4065 88.5 4457 91.2Italy 59685227 64835 108.6 47703 9.0 148.4Latvia 2023825 5205 257.2 7970 From2.5to3 65.3Liechtenstein 36838 9 24.4 20 9.2 45.0Lithuania 2971905 9621 323.7 9399 102.4Luxembourg 537039 717 133.5 711 11.0 100.8Malta 421364 577 136.9 675 9.0 85.5Moldova 3559497 6666 187.3 7843 4.0 85.0Monaco 37831 29 76.7 78 14.0 37.2Montenegro 622777 1142 183.4 1100 8.0 103.8Netherlands 16779575 10547 62.9 12441 84.8Norway 5051275 3649 72.2 3791 NAP 96.3Poland 38533299 78994 205.0 97311 3.0 81.2Portugal 10487289 14284 136.2 12167 7.0 117.4Romania 20020074 33122 165.4 28487 4.0 116.3RussianFed. 143499861 681622 475.0 723695 4.0 94.2SanMarino 31448 2 6.4 13 5.0 15.4Serbia 7181505 10031 139.7 9200 4.0 109.0SlovakRep. 5410836 10152 187.6 11302 3.5 89.8Slovenia 2058821 1360 66.1 1293 9.0 105.2Spain(total) 46727890 68099 145.7 77895 9.4 87.4Spain(StateAdm.) 39246969 58089 148.0 66864 86.9Spain(Catalonia) 7480921 10010 133.8 11031 90.7Sweden 9555893 5868 61.4 6586 89.1Switzerland 8039060 7072 88.0 7048 100.3theFYROMacedonia 2062294 2846 138.0 2293 4.0 124.1Turkey 75627384 136147 180.0 151487 From4to11 89.9Ukraine 45372692 UK:Engl.&Wales 56948200 83842 147.2 87784 95.5UK:North.Ireland 1829725 1822 99.6 1953 93.3UK:Scotland 5327700 7928 148.8 7523 NAP 105.4Mean 136.3 94.2Median 133.5 95.5Minimum 6.4 15.4Maximum 475.0 148.4



TABLE 1.1: CATEGORIES INCLUDED IN THE TOTAL NUMBER OF INMATES IN TABLE 1

Doesthetotalnumberofinmates(Table1)includethefollowingcategories?

(1) Personsheldinpolicestationsorothersimilartypesofinvestigativeinstitutionsbeforetrial(2) Personsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(2.1)Ifthepersonsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffendersarecounted,howmanyamongthem(point2)are18yearsandover

(3) Personsplacedineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders(3.1)Ifthepersonsheldineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffendersarecounted,howmanyamongthem(point2)are18yearsandover

(4) Personsheldininstitutionsfordrug‐addictedoffendersoutsidepenalinstitutions(5) Personswithpsychiatricdisordersinpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitalsoutsidepenalinstitutions(e.g.personsconsideredasnon‐criminallyliablebythecourt,personsundersecuritymeasures,etc.)(6) Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons

(6.1) If asylum seekers or illegal aliens held for administrative reasons are counted, howmanyofthem (point 6) are held in centres/sections especially design for this type ofdetention

(7) Personsheld in private facilities (e.g. privateprisons, detention centres, centres for the applicationof certainpenalmeasures [e.g. centres for the treatmentof psychiatricdisorders, centres for thetreatmentofaddictionsetc.])

(8) Personsunderelectronicsurveillance/ElectronicMonitoringReference: Council of Europe, SPACE I 2013.1.1

Country (1)Howmany?

(2)Howmany?

(2.1) (3)1.1.3.Howmany?

(3.1) (4)Howmany?

(5)Howmany?

(6)Howmany?

(6.1) (7)Howmany?

(8)Howmany?

Albania NAP *** Yes 107 0 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***Andorra NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** No ***Armenia No *** Yes 27 9 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***Austria No *** Yes 108 0 No *** *** No *** Yes 199 No *** *** No *** Yes 226Azerbaijan No *** Yes 30 0 No *** *** NAP *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** NAP ***Belgium No *** Yes 99 49 No *** *** No *** Yes 202 Yes 1 0 NAP *** Yes 1242BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) No *** NAP *** *** NAP *** *** NAP *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** NAP ***BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska NAP *** Yes 12 10 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***Bulgaria No *** Yes 77 57 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** No ***Croatia No *** Yes 83 47 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** NAP NAP *** NAP ***Cyprus Yes 128 Yes 22 17 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** No ***CzechRep. NAP *** Yes 110 44 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***Denmark No *** No *** *** NAP *** *** NAP *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** No ***Estonia No *** Yes 104 64 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***Finland No *** NAP *** *** No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** Yes 144France No *** Yes 245 4 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** Yes 10451Georgia NAP *** Yes 21 0 Yes 19 0 No *** No *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***Germany No *** Yes 6617 5754 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** Yes 1661 No ***



Country (1)Howmany?

(2)Howmany?

(2.1) (3)1.1.3.Howmany?

(3.1) (4)Howmany?

(5)Howmany?

(6)Howmany?

(6.1) (7)Howmany?

(8)Howmany?

Greece No *** Yes 673 166 Yes NA 5 No *** Yes NA No *** *** No *** No ***Hungary No *** No *** *** No *** *** No *** No *** No *** NAP No *** No ***Iceland No *** NAP *** *** NAP *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***Ireland NAP *** Yes 47 0 NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 36 Yes 4 NAP NAP *** Yes 5Italy No *** No *** *** NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 1028 No *** *** NAP *** No ***Latvia No *** Yes 45 10 No *** *** NAP *** No *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***Liechtenstein No *** No *** *** No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** No ***Lithuania No *** Yes 183 97 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** NAP ***Luxembourg No *** Yes 5 4 NAP *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***Malta No *** Yes 21 17 NAP *** *** Yes 13 Yes 64 No *** *** NAP *** NAP ***Moldova No *** Yes 45 22 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** NAP ***Monaco NAP *** Yes 3 0 NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 0 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***Montenegro No *** Yes NA NA No *** *** Yes 36 Yes 4 No *** *** NAP *** NAP ***Netherlands No *** No *** *** No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** Yes 213Norway No *** NAP *** *** NAP *** *** No *** No *** No *** NAP NAP *** No ***Poland NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** No ***Portugal NAP *** Yes 243 233 NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 251 No *** NAP NAP *** No ***Romania NAP *** Yes 2126 1879 Yes 156 2 NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** No ***RussianFed. Yes 1478 Yes 2293 218 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** Yes 9485SanMarino No *** NAP *** *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** No *** *** NAP *** NAP ***Serbia No *** Yes 239 162 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** No ***SlovakRep. No *** Yes 64 NA No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** No ***Slovenia No *** Yes 2 0 Yes 24 17 No *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** NAP ***Spain(total) No *** No *** *** No *** *** Yes 486 No *** No *** *** No *** Yes 1899Spain(StateAdm.) No *** No *** *** No *** *** Yes 482 No *** No *** *** No *** Yes 1865Spain(Catalonia) No *** No *** *** No *** *** Yes 4 No *** No *** *** NAP *** Yes 34Sweden No *** No *** *** No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***Switzerland Yes 45 Yes 177 175 Yes 22 14 No *** No *** Yes 375 NA No *** No ***theFYROMacedonia No *** Yes 52 52 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** No ***Turkey NAP *** Yes 1851 79 Yes 96 0 NAP *** NAP *** No *** *** Yes 147 Yes 704Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales No *** Yes 866 0 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** Yes 1928 832 Yes 12644 No ***UK:North.Ireland No *** Yes 28 0 No *** *** No *** No *** Yes 2 0 No *** No ***UK:Scotland No *** Yes 571 501 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** Yes 1200 No ***



NOTES – TABLES 1 AND 1.1

GENERALNOTES Table1:Figurespresented in thisTablemustbe read taking intoaccount thatsomecountrieswereunabletoprovidedataon1stSeptember2013.Insuchcases,the relevant day of reference is indicated in the notes below. Moreover,statisticalcountingrules(i.e. therulesapplied ineachcountrytocounttheitemsthatwillbeincludedinprisonstatistics)varyacrossEurope;therefore,suchdiversity influence theway inwhich the totalnumberof inmatesandthe capacityofpenal institutions are calculated in each country.Given thispeculiarity, it is important to read the figures from Table 1 together withcategoriesincludedinTable1.1.

Table1.1bringsamoreaccuratedistributionofwhatcategoriesofpersonsareheldinpenal institutions (or institutions designed for detention of the personsmanagedbycriminaljusticesystem).

ALBANIANospecialcommentANDORRATable1.1:

Point(8):TheElectronicMonitoringismanageddirectlybythePoliceDepartment.ARMENIANospecialcommentAUSTRIATable1.1:

Point(2):InAustriathereisonlyoneprisonspecialisedindetentionofjuvenileoffenders.Inthisinstitutionaredefactoalsodetainedconvictsaged18yearandover.AsthisspecialisedprisonislocatedinLowerAustria,juvenileoffendersonlypartlyservetheirsentencesthere.Hence,otherjuvenilesare spreadover theotherAustrianprisons,where specialiseddepartments foryoungoffenders are established. In the figure presented in the Table are included all inmates agedbetween14 and 17. Four childrenwho livewith their detainedmothers and ‐according to thenationalrulesarecountedasjuveniles‐arenotincludedinthisfigure.

AZERBAIJANNospecialcommentBELGIUMTable1.1:

Point (5): Under this heading are counted only “interned” inmates held in social welfareestablishment of Paifve which is under the direct responsibility of the Directorate General ofPenitentiaryinstitutions.Accordingtothefinaljudicialdecision,“interned”are: a.1–those,whocommittedanactqualifiedascrimeormisdemeanourpunishablebyimprisonmentand a.2 – who at the moment of trial were suffering from a mental disorder which seriously affects or

abolishesthecapacityofdiscernmentorcontroloftheactsand a.3.–forwhomthereisadangerofrecommittingnewoffensesbecauseoftheirmentaldisorders. Personssentencedforcrimesormisdemeanours,andwho–duringtheirdetention–werediagnosedby

a prison psychiatrist mental having disorders that seriously affect or abolish their capacity ofdiscernmentorcontroloftheactsandwhoarelikelytoreoffendbecauseoftheirmentaldisorders.

Point(8):Electronicanklebraceletsandvoicerecognition.BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(STATELEVEL)FiguresinTables1and1.1referonlytothepre‐traildetaineesheldinthePre‐trialdetentionunit(theonlydetentioninstitution)oftheStateCourtofBiHwhichfallswithinthecompetenceoftheBiHMinistryofJustice.OtherpenitentiaryestablishmentsareinthecompetenceoftheentityMinistriesofJustice.



BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)Table1:Inthetotalnumberof inmatesare includedremandandconvictedinmates,aswellas juvenilesservingcorrectionalandeducationalmeasuresinacorrectionalfacilityespeciallydesignedfortheseinmates.BULGARIADatarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013.Table1.1:

Point(1): TheBulgarianpenitentiarysystemconsistsmainlyoftwosections:investigativedetentionfacilitiesand

prisons. Total number of inmates stated in Table 1 does not include inmates held in investigativedetentionfacilities[IDF].Thefiguredoesnotrefertothosedetainedunderpolicecustodyneither.Onlyinmatesdetainedunder the custodyof theGeneralDirectorateExecutionof Sentences inprisonsareincluded.Therefore,thetotalprisonpopulationisnotcomparablewiththeonepresentedintheSPACEI2012report.PersonsheldinIDFareincarceratedaccordingtoacustodymeasureimposedbythecourtinwhoseregiontheinvestigativeproceedingorthecourtproceedingisongoing.BesidesthisintheIDFmay be detained persons sentenced to imprisonment, conveyed by the order of the court or theprosecutorinordertoappearundercourtproceedings,toparticipateininvestigativeactivitiesorotherprocedural actions; persons already sentenced and with custody measure imposed for being underinvestigation or trial for other offences; persons detained who have been declared for nation‐widesearch; persons detained by the prosecutor under the Penal Procedure Code; persons conveyed instages,when in the respectivepolice facility there areno conditions for their accommodation. Theseinmatesrepresentaround10%ofthetotalprisonpopulation(seeSPACEI2012report).Becauseofthelack of reliable figures on the inmates held in IDF, the Bulgarian stock inputs for 2013 should beconsideredasbeingpartial.

Point (2): Custodial institutions provide education to juvenile offenders in one especiallydesignedreformatoryforyoungoffenders.

Point(3):Specialisededucationalinstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersareoutsidethescopeofthepenitentiarysystemand,therefore,datafromtheseinstitutionsarenotincludedinthetotalstock.

Point (4): There are no specialised institutions for drug‐addicted offenders outside prisons.Drug‐addictedoffenderscouldbetreatedinprisonhospitalsinsidepsychiatricunits.

Point(5):Therearenopsychiatricinstitutionsoutsidethepenitentiarysystemforeseenfortheinmates.Thereisonepsychiatrichospitalwithinthepenitentiarysystem,whereinmatesmaybeplacedifnecessary.

Point(6):AsylumseekersinBulgariaarenotpartofthepenitentiarysystem. Point(8):TheconceptofElectronicMonitoringislegislatedinBulgaria,butitisnotapplied.

CROATIADatarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013.CYPRUSTable1:Total number of inmates is 811, of which 592 were held in the Prison Institution and 219 in policestations.Table1.1:

Point(1):228persons,ofwhich9held inaseparateunitofprison institutionand119held inpolicestations.

CZECHREPUBLICDatarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013.Table1:

Total number of inmates includes inputs from the Preventive Detention Facility for verydangerousoffenders.

Note: As a result of the applicationof thePresidential amnestyon1st January2013more than6,000inmateswerereleased.

Table1.1: Point(2):71juvenileoffenderswereplacedinspecialunitsforsentencedjuvenilesand39pre‐

trialjuvenileswereplacesinspecialcellsinremandprisons.



DENMARKTables1and1.1:Thedatadonotcoverpersonsheldinhalfway‐houses.Thesehousesaredesignedforprisonerswhoareplacedthereduringthelastpartoftheirsentence.“Oneofthehalfwayhousesspecializesindrugaddicts,oneaccommodatesmostlysexoffenders,andinoneaspecialfamilyunitisestablished.Duringthestayinthehalfwayhousesupervisionandprobationactivitiesarehandledbythestaffof thehalfwayhouse inclosecooperationwiththeprisonortheprobationofficethatreferredtheclient”(source:HeineL.(2008),Denmark,in:vanKalmthoutA.,DurnescuI.(Eds.),ProbationinEurope,p.238).ESTONIANospecialcommentFINLANDTable1.1:

Point (8): there are 144 persons under supervised probationary freedom. The type ofsurveillanceappliedtothemistheGSM(Backdoormonitoring).

FRANCEDatarelateto1stOctober2013insteadof1st September2013.Table1:

Total number of inmates was retrieved from quarterly statistics on the persons under theresponsibility of Prison Administration. 78,363 persons had the status “écroués”, of which67,310 were de facto held in penal institutions (“écroués détenus”). In the total of 78,363inmates are included as well persons placed under Electronic Monitoring outside penalinstitutions(10,451)andthoseinexternalplacementnon‐hostedininstitutionsmanagedbythePrisonAdministration(602).

For the calculation of the prison population rate per 100,000 inhabitants, the total number of78,363prisonerswasused.

Forthecalculationoftheprisondensityper100places,thefigureof67,310wasused.Table1.1:

Point(8):10,451personsunderElectronicMonitoringarepartof the totalnumberof inmateshavingthestatus“écroués”.Thetypeofsurveillanceusedistheelectronicbracelet.

GEORGIATable1:8,718inmateswerereleasedasaresultoftheapplicationoftheamnesty.This istheexplanationofthedecreaseobservedincomparisonwiththedataprovidedintheSPACEI2012report.GERMANYDatarelateto31stMarch2013insteadof1st September2013.Table1.1:

Points(2)&(2.1): In thesepoints are included figureson all juvenile inmates (includingpre‐trials).Thenumberofpre‐trialdetaineesamong863juvenilesis348.

GREECETable1.1:

Points(2)&(3)aremerged.UndertheseheadingsareincludedyoungprisonersaccordingtotheconceptoftheGreekCorrectionalCode:“thoseprisonersofbothsexeswhichareintheir13thyearofageandhavenotcompletedtheir21styear(adolescenceandpost‐adolescence)”.

HUNGARYNospecialcommentICELANDTable1&1.1:Inthetotalnumberofprisonpopulationarenotincludedthefollowingcategoriesofinmates:

2personsheldinpolicestations 5personsheldininstitutionsfordrug‐addictedoffendersoutsidepenalinstitutions 17personsheldinahalfway‐house,aprivatefacility 7personsunderElectronicMonitoring



Table1.1: Point (8): According to the Execution of Sentences Act (ESA) no. 49/2005 Article 24.a,

enforcementoutsideprisonisallowedunderElectronicMonitoringsince1stOctober2011.Whenanunconditionalsentenceis12monthsprisonorlongerthePPAmaydecidethataprisonercancomplete servinghis sentence outsideprisonprovidedhehas adevice so that it is possible totrackhismovements.Whenanunconditionalsentenceis12months,theelectronicsurveillanceis30daysandlengthensby2.5dayspermonth,tothemaximumof240days.

IRELANDTable1.1:

Point(2):Thepracticeofsending16yearoldboystoSt.Patrick'sInstitutionceasedon1stMay,2012.Fromthatdate,allnewlyremandedorsentenced16yearoldshavebeendetained inthechildrendetentionfacilitiesinOberstown.

Point(2.1):Childrenwhoattaintheageof18inachildrendetentionschool(juveniledetentionfacility) are transferred to the prison system only if they are held on an indictable offence.Childrendetentionschoolstakegirlsuptotheageof18andboysuptotheageof17.

Point (3): Juvenile offenders (boys up to the age of 17 and girls up to the age of 18) facingcriminal charges before the courts are only placed in children detention schools, i.e. places ofdetentionwithacaremodel. Allpersonsareobligedtoattendschoolwhileindetention. Schools/educationfacilitiesarelocatedonthesiteoftheChildrendetentionschools. Educationisaservicegiventotheyoungpeoplewhileindetention.Standaloneeducationalinstitutions

forjuvenileoffendersdonotexistintheRepublicofIreland. Boysundertheageof17andgirlsundertheageof18whoappearbeforethecourtsaredetainedon

criminalchargesinchildrendetentionschoolsonly. Point (8): GPS Tracking System. The figure is based on the number of individualswearing an

electronicbraceleton20September,2013.Allindividualswereontemporaryrelease.ITALYTable1.1:

Point(2): Institutions for juvenile offenders are not under the authority of theDepartment ofPenitentiaryAdministration.Therefore,thefiguresonthetotalprisonpopulationcorrespondtotheadultinmates.

Point(5):AreincludedpersonsheldinJudicialPsychiatricHospitals,so‐called"internees".LATVIADatarelateto1stOctober2013insteadof1stSeptember2013.Table1.1:

Points (2) and (2.1): Under these items are included all juvenile inmates (pre‐trial andsentenced). These figures are not fully comparablewith the ones used in Table 2 because theaccuratedistributionbyagepresentedinTable2isavailableonlyforsentencedinmates.

LIECHTENSTEINTable1&1.1:

Personssentenced to twoyearsormorearebrought toAustria to serve their sentenced there.This is possible through the applicationof theprovisions of the contractmadewithAustria in1984.Thisagreementisapplicabletoalltypesofoffenders.

Underthetotalcapacityofpenal institutionsare includedonlyplacesdesignedfordetention inLiechtenstein. The additional capacitywhich is part of the contract between Liechtenstein andAustriaallowsadjustmentstothesuitableinstitution.Yet,thiscapacityinnotincludedinTable1.

LITHUANIADatarelateto1stJuly2013insteadof1stSeptember2013.Table1.1:

Points (2) and (2.1): Under these headings are included 35 juveniles. Moreover, there areadditional9juvenileinmatesheldinothertypesoffacilitiesratherthaninthespecialinstitutions.Eightofthemareheldinpre‐trialdetentionfacilityforadultsandonegirlisservinghersentenceinthefacilityforfemaleinmates.



LUXEMBOURGTable1:Total number of prisoners concerns persons held in penitentiary centres (closed) in Luxembourg andGivenich(semi‐detention).Table1.1:

Point(6):Thespecialsection foradministrativealiens insideLuxembourg’PenitentiaryCentrewasclosedin2011becauseanewcentreforadministrativedetentionwascommissioned.

Point(8):25personsunderElectronicMonitoringarenotincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonpopulation.Thetypeofsurveillanceappliedistheelectronicbracelet.

MALTANospecialcommentMOLDOVATable1.1:

Point(2.1):AccordingtotheMoldovanlegislation,whenthepersonturns18years,shecankeepthestatusof"juvenile"andcontinuetoservethesentenceinajuvenileprisonupto23years.

MONACOTables1&1.1:

Theremandprison(Maisond’arrêt)istheonlypenalinstitutioninthePrincipality. Juvenileoffendersareplacedinthewingwhichisespeciallydesignedforthedetentionofthese

persons inside this facility. The law authorise the placement of juveniles under regime ofsupervisedobservation.Nevertheless,suchspecialisedcentresdonotexistyet.

Prisonerswith gravepsychological or psychiatricdisorders are transferred to thehospital andarenotanylongerundertheauthorityoftheprisonadministration.

MONTENEGROTables1&1.1:

TheInstituteforexecutioncriminalsanctionsisresponsibleforpre‐traildetainees,thoseservinga sentenceof imprisonment (including those sentenced formisdemeanour), aswell aspersonsheldintheprisonforchildreninconflictwiththelaw.

THENETHERLANDSTable1.1:

Point (2): in the total number of inmates arenot included 537 juvenile offenders held in thefacilitiesforjuvenileoffenders(ofwhom348personsareaged18yearsandover).

Point(5):inthetotalnumberofinmatesarenotincluded1,714personsheldincustodialclinics(TBS)placedthereunderahospitalorder.

Point (6): in the total number of inmates are not included 645 illegal aliens held foradministrativereasons.

Point(8):Thetypeofsurveillanceappliediselectronicbracelet.NORWAYTable1:There is no specific remand institution, althoughmost remanddetainees areplaced in special units orhousedwithconvictedprisoners.POLANDDatarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013.Table1.1:

Point (8): 4,864 persons under Electronic Monitoring (bracelet) arenot included in the totalprisonpopulation.Thenumberisknown,butitisnotintherecordsofthepenitentiaryfacilities.

PORTUGALDatarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013.Table1.1:

Points (2)& (2.1): Leiria’sPenitentiary Institution – institution designed for the detention ofpersonsagedfrom16to21years,includingremanddetainees.

Point(3):PersonsineducationalinstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersaremanagedbytheGeneral



Serviceof theCommunityReintegration(DirecçãoGeneraldeReinserçãoSocial), therefore thesepersonsarenotincludedinthetotalprisonpopulation.

Point (5): Under this heading are included 251 inmates, of which 112 are held in custodialpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitals,and139areheldinnon‐custodialpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitals. The139personsincludedunderPoint(5)ofTable1.1areconsiderednon‐criminallyliablebythecourt,

andarenotstrictosensusentencedprisoners,butareheldundersecuritymeasures(whicharerathertherapeuticmeasures).Thesepersonsareunder theauthorityof thePrisonAdministrationand theirfiles aremanaged by the Court of Executionof Sentences.Nevertheless, all decisions concerning thiscategoryofpersonsaretakenontheadviceofmedicalauthorities.

Point(8):Personsplacedunderelectronic surveillancearemanagedby theGeneral ServiceoftheCommunityReintegration(DirecçãoGeneraldeReinserçãoSocial).See:SPACEII2013report.

ROMANIATable1.1:

Points (2)& (3): According to law provisions, juvenile and young offenders are held under aspecial regime. These persons are held in penitentiary institutions especially designed forjuvenilesandyoungadults.Under theseheadingsare included401 juvenile inmates.Moreover,thereareadditional96juvenileinmatesheldinadultfacilitiesand/orinprisonhospitals.

RUSSIANFEDERATIONTable1:Thetotalnumberofinmatesis681,622inmates,ofwhich:

114,441personsheldinpre‐trialinvestigationcells,pre‐trialdetentioncentresandpersonsservingsentencesinprisons;

463,190personsregisteredatthecriminal‐executioninspections. Point(1):1,478personsunderhomearrest. Point (8): 9,485 under Electronic Monitoring, of which 8,681 under regime of limitation of

freedomand804underhomearrest.SANMARINOTable1:There isonlyoneprison.Thispenal institution ismanagedtogetherbyPrisonAdministrationand localpoliceforces(uniquebuilding).SERBIATable1.1:

Point(8): electronicbracelet.PersonsplacedunderElectronicMonitoringarenotmanagedbythePrisonservice.See:SPACEII2013report.

SLOVAKREPUBLICTable1.1:

Point(2):Undertheseheadingsareincludedonlysentencedjuveniles.Thosejuvenileswhoareonpre‐trialstageoftheirproceedingarenotheldincustody.

SLOVENIANospecialcommentSPAIN(TOTAL)Table1.1:

Point (2): The State Prison Administration has no competence concerning juvenile offenders,mattermanagedbyautonomouscommunities.Therefore, these inmatesarenot included in thetotalprisonpopulation.

Point(8):Under thisheadingare included1,793 inmatessupervisedbyelectronicdevicesand106inmatesunderothercontrolsystems.

FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofmeanandmedianEuropeanvalues.SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)Tables1and1.1: The State Prison Administration has no competence concerning juvenile offenders,mattermanagedbyautonomouscommunities.



SPAIN(CATALONIA)Table1.1:

Point(5):Personsundersecuritymeasuresarepersonsconsiderednon‐criminallyliablebythecourtandthiscategoryofpersonsisnotmanagedbythePrisonAdministration.

Point(8):electronicbracelet.SWEDENDatarelateto1stOctober2013insteadof1st September2013.SWITZERLANDDatarelateto4thSeptember2013insteadof1st September2013.Table1.1:

Points(2)and(2.1):Underthisheadingareincludedpersonssentencedunderspecialpenallawfor juvenile offenders (JSGB). These persons are held in special centres for juvenile and adultoffenders under penalmeasures. Juveniles are held in separate sections for juvenile offenders.TheinstitutionsincludedhereareUitikoncentreforpenalmeasures,Kalchraincentreforyoungadultoffender,Bitzicentreforenforcementofpenalmeasures.

Point(3):UnderthisheadingareincludedpersonsheldinclosededucationalcentreofPramont. Point(7):Therearespecialprivateinstitutionsthatareinchargewiththeexecutionofmeasures

for alcohol and drug‐addicted offenders, psychiatric cases and other persons sentenced underarticles59and60oftheCriminalCode.Datafromtheseinstitutionsarenotincludedinthetotalprisonpopulation.

THEFORMERYUGOSLAVREPUBLICOFMACEDONIA

NospecialcommentTURKEYTable1.1:

Points (2) & (3): There exist two types of institutions for juvenile and young offenders:reformatoryhouses(forsentencedjuveniles)andjuvenileandyouthprisons.Underthispointareincluded juvenilesagedbetween13and18andyouthsagedbetween18and21yearswhoarekeptinthejuvenileandyouthprisons.

Point (7): There is one prisonwhere personswith psychiatric disorder are held under publicprison administration. It isMetrisRTypeClosedPrison. 147 personswith disorders are held inthis facility. "R Type Prison" corresponds to Rehabilitation Prison. In this type of institutions,prisonerswithmental/psychiatricdisorderandthosewhoareunabletoself‐careskillsareheld(physicallydisabled,cancerpatients,peoplewithparalysisetc.).

Point(8):704personsunderElectronicMonitoring,ofwhich3areVictim'sWife,60intheGPSUnit,and641intheRFHomeCurfew).

UK:ENGLANDANDWALESDatarelateto30thJune2013insteadof1st September2013.Table1.1:

Overall figures published in Table 1.1 of OffenderManagement Statistics Quarterly (October‐December 2013) Quarterly Tables. (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/offender‐management‐statistics‐quarterly‐october‐december‐2013‐and‐annual)

Point (2): Juveniles in Young Offender Institutions. Prisoners aged 15‐17 (Table 1.1 OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(October‐December2013)QuarterlyTables)

Point (6): Immigration detainees: Table A1.22 Offender Management Statistics Quarterly(October‐December2013)Annualtables).

Point(6.1): Foreign nationals inNOMS administered ImmigrationRemoval Centres (Table 1.5OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(January‐March2013)).

Point(7):Inmatesheldinprisonsidentifiedas'contractedout'inthePrisonPerformanceDigestwww.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/225234/prison‐performance‐digest‐12‐13.xls:Altcourse,Ashfield,Birmingham,Bronzefield,Dovegate,Doncaster,Forest Bank, Lowdham Grange, Oakwood, Parc, Peterborough, Rye Hill, Thameside,Wolds (aspublishedinTable1.5OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(January‐March2013)).



UK:NORTHERNIRELANDTable1.1:

Point (2): Figures refer to juveniles inWoodlands Juvenile Justice Centre. The secure custodycentreisalsoaneducationalestablishment.Thereareonly37children,butitisclassedasbothaschoolandcustodycentre.Thesecurecustodycentreisalsoaneducationalestablishment,thereareonly28childrenbutitisclassedasbothaschoolandacustodycentre.

UK:SCOTLANDWarning: SPACE returns up to 2011were completed using the Scottish Government statistical systemwhich is based on data from the Scottish Prison Service PR2management information system. Due totechnicalproblemswiththisstatisticalsystem,thefiguresforthe2013SPACEreturnhavebeenextracteddirectlyfromthePR2systemandwilldifferslightlyfromfiguresextractedfromtheScottishGovernmentstatisticalsystem,primarilyintermsoftheamountofdetailavailableandnoaccessiblerecordeddataonflows (receptions and liberations). The Scottish Prison Service population figures also do not includeprisonersclassifiedasunlawfullyatlarge,forinstanceduetoabsconding,notreturningfromtemporaryleaveasscheduled,orbeingsubjecttorecallduetobreachofhomedetentioncurfewconditions.Table1.1:

Point(2):Asmallnumberofyoungoffendersunder21maybeheldonremandinadultprisonsandtheyarenotcountedunderthisheading,buttheyareincludedinthetotalprisonpopulation.Themanagementdatadoesnotprovideage/genderbreakdownsforsomeconvictedinmateswhoareawaitingsentence,recalledlifeprisoners(81)andpersonsawaitingdeportation(4).Childrenunder16maybeheld insecureaccommodation,which isnotpartof theprisonestablishment.Suchcasesarenot includedhereaschildrenmaybeplaced insecureaccommodation for theirownprotectionaswellasforacriminalconviction.



TABLE 1.2: CAPACITY OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (BY CATEGORIES)

Reference: Council of Europe, SPACE I 2013.1.2

Country

Totalcapacityofpenal

institutions(2.0)

Surfaceareaperinmate(m2/inmate)

Capacityofremand

institutionsandthosedesignedforservingcustodialsentences(2.1)

Ofwhich

Capacityofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders(2.2)

Capacityofothertypes

ofinstitutions

(2.3)

Capacityofremand

institutions/sections

(pre‐trials)(2.1.a)

Capacityofinstitutionsdesignedforservingasentence(2.1.b)

Albania 4537 5.4 4202 1164 3038 40 295Andorra 145 11 114 40 74 8 23Armenia 4395 4 4395 900 3495 NA ***Austria 8681 10 NA NA NA 378 NAAzerbaijan 25492 4to5 25292 4442 20850 200 ***Belgium 9462 NAP 9133 NA NA 124 205BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) 20 13 20 20 NAP NAP NAPBH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1364 4 1328 270 1058 36 NAPBulgaria NA 4 NA NA 8467 296 ***Croatia 3921 4 3664 1647 2017 150 107Cyprus 589 6.4 571 276 295 18 NAPCzechRep. 20924 4 20531 2460 18071 117 276Denmark 4151 7to12 4151 1859 2292 *** ***Estonia 3256 2.5 3058 NA NA 198 ***Finland 3109 3109 NA NA NAP NAPFrance 57435 11 57087 33904 23183 348 ***Georgia 21398 4 21398 6069 15329 NA ***Germany 77243 69819 NA NA 7424 ***Greece 9886 9263 3469 5794 623 ***Hungary 12639 3 11637 NA NA 1002 NAPIceland 165 6to13.3 165 9 156 NAP ***Ireland 4457 4457 431 3982 44 ***Italy 47703 9 46093 36575 9518 *** 1610Latvia 7970 2.5to3 7676 2089 5587 194 100Liechtenstein 20 9.2 20 NA NA *** ***Lithuania 9399 9086 1396 7690 313 NAPLuxembourg 711 11 696 271 425 15 ***Malta 675 9 639 NA NA 36 ***Moldova 7843 4 7629 2337 5292 214 ***Monaco 78 14 60 NA NA 18 ***Montenegro 1100 8 1080 425 655 20 ***Netherlands 12441 10577 5081 5496 *** ***Norway 3791 NAP 3791 NA NA NAP NAPPoland 97311 3 97311 NA NA *** ***Portugal 12167 7 11820 NA NA 347 ***Romania 28487 4 26293 NA NA 2194 ***RussianFed. 723695 4 723695 134288 574616 14791 ***SanMarino 13 5 12 NA NA 1 NAPSerbia 9200 4 8616 1925 6691 584 ***SlovakRep. 11302 3.5 11302 1721 9463 118 ***Slovenia 1293 9 1246 245 1001 47 ***Spain(total) 77895 9.42 77895 NA NA *** ***Spain(StateAdm.) 66864 66864 NA NA *** ***Spain(Catalonia) 11031 11031 NA NA *** ***Sweden 6586 6586 1988 4598 *** ***Switzerland 7048 6821 NA NA 227 ***theFYROMacedonia 2293 4 2250 402 1848 43 ***Turkey 151487 4to11 150329 NA NA 1158 ***Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 87784 85351 NA NA 1529 904UK:North.Ireland 1953 1905 NA NA 48 ***UK:Scotland 7523 NAP NA NA NA NA ***



NOTES – TABLE 1.2

Theindicatorofprisondensity(generallyusedfortheassessmentofprisonovercrowding)iscalculatedonthebasisofthenumberofinmatesandtheavailablecapacityforallcategoriesofinmatesincludedinthetotalprisonpopulation.

Inordertoproduceasreliableaspossibleindicatorofprisondensityitiscompulsorytotakeintoaccountthedetaileddistributionofthecapacityofdifferenttypesofpenalinstitutions.

When comparing the indicatorsofprisondensity andprisonovercrowding,we look fordetails in eachcountryabouttherulesappliedwhencalculatingthecapacityofpenalinstitutions(e.g.surfaceareaperprisoner,operationalcapacity,etc.)11.Thefollowingnotesmustalsobetakenintoaccount.

DISCLAIMERCONCERNINGTHE

FIGURESOF

SURFACEAREAPER

INMATE(TABLE1ANDTABLE1.2)

Some of the national correspondents were asked to clarify the procedures ofcalculation of the minimal surface area per inmate. In some countries these figurescorrespond to the legal standards that are compulsory to be respected. In othercountries,thesefiguresareaverageestimatesoftherealindividuallivingspacesinsidecells.Inviewoftheabovemethodologicallimitation,thesedatacannotbeverifiedandcross‐nationallyvalidated.Therefore,theyshouldbeusedasraw‐dataonly.

ALBANIA Point(2.3):Underthisheadingareincluded penalinstitutionsfortheelderlypeople,forpeople

withvariouschronicalhealthproblemsandthePrisonHospital. Surfaceareaforeseenperinmateiscalculatedbaseduponthesurfaceareasofthecells,notthe

actualpopulationoftheprisons.ANDORRA

Point(2.3):are includedplaces intheunit designed for female inmates.Halfof theplacesareforeseenforpre‐trialdetentionandanotherhalfofplacesareforservingsentences.

AUSTRIA Point (2.1): There is no exclusive remand institution in Austria, neither specific definition of

capacityforpre‐trials.Therefore,differentinstitutionsthataccommodateremanddetaineesandsentencedprisonershavetomanagethetotalcapacityoftheirprisonsaccordingtoactualneeds.

Point(2.2):ThereisonlyonespecialisedprisonforyoungoffendersinAustria.Thecapacityof378 places is the capacity in this specialised institution and the capacity foreseen in specialdepartmentslocatedinregularadultprisons.Thiscapacityisusedfortheaccommodationofthejuvenileoffendersupto18yearsandoftheyoungadultoffendersupto21years.

Point(2.3):Othertypesof institutionsareaswell included inoverallcapacity(point2.0),buttheaccuratenumberofplacesineachcategoryofinstitutionsisunknown.

AZERBAIJAN Point(2.3): TheClarificationCentreunder theChiefDepartmentofPassport registration and

Migration of theMinistry of Internal Affairs stopped functioning in the April of 2013. SeveralasylumcentresoftheMigrationServiceareunderconstruction.

Surfacearea foreseenperprisoner inpenal institutions is4m2,withtheexceptionofpre‐trialdetentionunitundertheMinistryofNationalSecurity(4.5m2),andpenitentiaryhospitals(5m2).

BELGIUM Point (2.3): It is the capacity of the social welfare establishment of Paifve. Within this

establishment are placed “interned” inmates. Paifve establishment is under the directresponsibilityoftheDirectorateGeneralofPenitentiaryinstitutions.

11InTable1.2,thesymbol“***”correspondstotheanswer“figurenotincluded,buttheinstitutionsexistinthecountry”.Ontheopposite,theabbreviation“NAP”givestheindicationthatsuchinstitutions(orspecificcapacities)donotexist.



BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA–STATELEVEL Point(2.0): It is thecapacityof theuniqueStatePre‐trialdetentionunit.Thisunit is theonly

custodialfacilityatstatelevel;thereisnootherprisonatstatelevel.BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA–REPUBLIKASRPSKA

Surface area: According to the Law on execution of criminal sanctions of Republika Srpska(“OfficialGazetteofRS”no12/10)onesentencedpersonisallocatedaminimumof4m².

BULGARIA Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013. Point(2.1.b):Onlythecapacityofestablishmentsforeseenforservingsentencesisavailable.

CROATIA Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013. Point(2.3):Prisonhospital

CYPRUS Point(2.0):Totalcapacityofpenalinstitutionsis589,ofwhich370placesinPrisoninstitution

and219placesinPolicestations. Point (2.1.a): Total remand capacity is 276, ofwhich 57 places in Prison institution and 219

placesinPolicestations.CZECHREPUBLIC

Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013. Point(2.2):Capacityoftheunitsforfinalsentencedjuvenilesonly(notforpre‐trialdetainees). Point (2.3): Under this point are included 276 places, of which 66 places in the preventive

detentionfacility(forsecuritymeasures)and210placesinprisonhospitals.DENMARK

Point(2.1.a):LocalprisonsareprimarilyusedforremandprisonersFINLAND

Point(2.3):Therearenospecificinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.FRANCE

Datarelateto1stOctober2013 insteadof1st September2013. Point (2.1.a): are included the capacities of the remand institutions such asMaisons d'Arrêt

[MA]andspecialwings(quartiers)for“pre‐trails”ofMaisonsd'Arrêt[qMA]. Point (2.1.b): are included places fromDetention centres, specialwings in detention centres,

central prisons (Maisons Centrales [MC]), special wings in central prisons [qMC], centres forserving adjusted/reduced sentences (Centres pour PeinesAménagées [CPA]), specialwings incentres for serving adjusted/reduced sentences, centres for semi‐liberty (Centres de Semi‐Liberté[CSL]),andspecialwingsincentresforsemi‐liberty[qCSL].

Point(2.2):Institutionsforjuvenileoffenders(EtablissementsPourMineurs[EPM]). Surfaceareaper inmate isdefined inthe internalcircularof thePrisonAdministrationOnthe

capacity of penitentiary institutions from 16 March 1988. The surface area per inmate iscalculatedusingthemethodsforeseeninthiscircular.

GEORGIA Point(2.2):Thenumberofplacesforeseenforjuvenileoffendersisnotavailable.Nevertheless,

thiscapacityisincludedinthetotalcapacityofthepenalinstitutions.GERMANY

Datarelateto31stMarch2013 insteadof1st September2013. Points (2.1.a)and (2.1.b): The separate breakdown for pre‐trial detention and the places in

institutionsdesignedforservingsentencesisnotavailable.Themainreasonisthatsomeof16Bundesländerareunabletoprovideseparatestatistics.Nevertheless,personsservingasentenceandthosewhoareinpre‐trialdetentionaredetainedseparately.

HUNGARY Points (2.1.a)and (2.1.b): The separate breakdown for pre‐trial detention and the places in

institutionsdesigned for serving sentences isnot available, as the capacity isdefined for each



establishment without taking into account various functions. The Prison Service may adjustthesecapacitiesaccordingtothegivenvarioustasks.

Surfacearea: The areawhich should bemade available for an adultmale inmate is 3m2. Forjuveniles and females it is 3.5m2. The Ministry of Justice and Public Administration Decree12/2010 (XI.9) modified the §137 of the Ministry of Justice’ Decree 6/1996 (VII.12.) “OntheRulesofExecutionofIncarcerationandPre‐trialDetention”. As a result of thismodification thementionedlivingspaceshouldbeprovidedtotheinmates"asfaraspossible",meaningthatthePrison Service may differ from that depending on the circumstances. The decree defines thevalue of the surface area as a standard guide but the actual area depends on the number ofinmatesandthevalueoftheovercrowding.

ICELAND Point (2.2): There are no special institutions for juvenile offenders, but separate places are

foreseenintheoverallcapacity. Surfaceareaperinmatevariesfrom6to13m2withinthesameuniquepenalinstitution.

IRELAND Point (2.1): Remand prisoners can be held in any "closed" prison. Juvenile offenders are not

placed in cells in the Children Detention Schools; they are allocated bedrooms of singleoccupancy. There is no legal norm for the measurements for these bedrooms. There is nodifferenceinsizeofthesebedroomsforpre‐trialorsentencedyoungpeople.

Point(2.2):The capacity in the childrendetention schools is 44, ofwhich14 remandand30designedforservingsentences.

ITALY Point (2.0): The figure under this heading refers to the general capacity of thewhole prison

system. For the accurate use, it is necessary to subtract from that figure around 4,000 placestemporarilyunavailableduetoongoingbuildingworksorothertypesofrestructuringworksorreorganization.Therefore,thetotalcapacityusedfortheanalysesinthisreportis43,703.

Point(2.2):TheDepartmentofPenitentiaryAdministrationdoesnotprocessdataconcerningjuvenileoffendersastheseinstitutionsareundertheresponsibilityoftheDepartmentofJuvenileJustice,undertheMinistryofJustice.Thereforethecapacityoftheseinstitutionsisnotincludedintheoverallcapacity(point2.0).

Point(2.3):Capacityoftheinstitutionsfortheexecutionofsecuritymeasures(includingJudicialPsychiatricHospitals).

Surfacearea:Thecriteriaadoptedforthecalculationofthesurfacepereachinmateisthesamecriteria as the one adopted for civilian housing, i.e. 9m2 per each prisoner in a single cell, towhichareadded5furthersquaremeterspereachfurtherprisonerinmultiplecells.

LATVIA Datarelateto1stOctober2013insteadof1st September2013. Point(2.3):CapacityoftheLatvianPrisonHospital. Surfacearea: IntheLatvianCodeofExecutionofPunishment, thestandardof2.5m2formen

and3m2forwomenandjuvenilesisforeseen.Thesefigurescorrespondtotherealsurfaceusedper inmate.National authorities areworkingat themomenton the re‐evaluationof the spacewithaimtointroduce4m2/inmate.

LIECHTENSTEIN Point(2.0):Personssentencedtotwoyearsandover,generallyarebroughttoAustrianorSwiss

penalinstitutionsinordertofinishservingtheircustodialterms. PersonssentencedtotwoyearsormorearebroughttoAustriatoservetheirsentencedthere.

This ispossible throughtheapplicationof theprovisionsof thecontractmadewithAustria in1984. It applies to all types of offenders and allows the adjustment of the available places incustody. A new contract with Switzerland became operational in 2012. This contract withProbationagenciesallowsthemanagementofoffenderssentencedtoshortcustodyterms.

LITHUANIA Datarelateto1stJuly2013insteadof1st September2013.



LUXEMBOURG Point (2.1): Luxembourg has one high security prison for the whole country, the Centre

Pénitentiairede Luxembourg (CPL) and one semi‐open Penitentiary Centre ofGivenich (CPG).FiguresrepresentoriginalcapacityofCPLandCPGasbuilt.

Point(2.1.b):includes35bedsinmedicalandpsychiatricunit.MALTA

Points (2.1.a) and (2.1.b): At the CCF (Corradino Correctional Facility) there is no separatebreakdownforremandsectionsandsectionsforconvictedinmates.

MOLDOVA Point(2.3):Moldavianlegislationdoesnotcontainaruleonspecialcapacityforforeigncitizens,

personswithmultiplecitizenshipswhoarearrestedforadministrativereasons.MONACO

Point (2.0): There is only one penal institution. A separation is made between pre‐trialdetaineesand thoseserving final sentences.Thereare2 sections formaleadult inmates.Suchdistinctionisnotmadeforfemaleinmates(onesection)andjuvenileoffenders(anotherone).

MONTENEGRO Point(2.0):Thetotalcapacitycorrespondsto1,100designedbeds. Point(2.3):There is centre for asylumseekersoutside the Institute for executionof criminal

sanctions.Thecapacityofthiscentreisnotincludedinthetotalcapacityofpenalinstitutions.THENETHERLANDS

Point(2.0):Totalcapacityisfor penalinstitutionsoftheadultprisonsystem. Point(2.2): In total capacityarenot included 950places for juvenile offenders (ofwhich150

reservecapacity). Point(2.3): Intotalcapacityarenotincluded1,858placesofcustodialclinics,aswellas1,759

placesforillegalaliens(ofwhich390reserve).Thislatercapacityincludes161placespreviouslynotincluded,whereillegalaliensaredetainedexpectingtheirdeportationintheshortterm.

NORWAY Point(2.1):Inmatesonremandandthoseservingasentenceareheldinthesameinstitutions.

Somepenalinstitutionsarealmostexclusivelydesignedfortheuseforconvictedprisoners.Onlyexceptionally remand prisoners might be placed in open prisons. Some prisons have wingsallocatedtoremandprisoners;yet,remandprisonerscanalsobeheldwithconvictedprisoners.

Point(2.2):Juvenileoffendersareusuallyplacedaccordinglytotheirspecialneeds.NospecialcustodialinstitutiondesignedforjuvenileoffendersexistinNorway.

POLAND Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013. Surfacearea:Theminimumarea in the cell per inmate shall be 3m2 (art. 110of the Code of

Execution of Criminal Sentences (Kodeks karny wykonawczy). Moreover, “[i]n particularlyjustified cases a governor of a prison or remand centremay decide to place detainees, for aspecifiedperiodoftime,inconditionswheretheareaofthecellislessthan3squaremetresperperson.Anysuchdecisionshallbepromptlycommunicatedtoapenitentiaryjudge”(art.248oftheCodeofExecutionofCriminalSentences).

PORTUGAL Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013. Point(2.2):Leiria’sPenitentiaryInstitutiondesignedforthedetentionofpersonsagedbetween

16and21years.ROMANIA

Point(2.1.b):Areincludedthecapacitiesofprisons aswellasthecapacitiesofprisonhospitals. Point(2.2):Hereareincludedcapacitiesofthepenitentiariesforjuvenilesandyoungadults,as

wellasthecapacitiesoftheeducationalcentres. Surfaceareais4m2/inmateinclosedregimeinstitutions,inmaximumsecurityinstitutionsand

in those designed for remand detention. In institutions with open regime, semi‐liberty, ineducationcentresitis6m2/inmate.Inspecialpenitentiaryhospitalsitis7m2perprisoner.



SANMARINO IntheRepublicofSanMarinothereisonlyoneinstitutionforallthecategoriesofinmates.

SLOVAKREPUBLIC Point(2.2):Regularcapacityforeseenforjuvenileoffendersis482 places. Yet,juvenilesmaybe

held in pre‐trial detention in different prisons and, in some cases, they may serve prisonsentenceinprisonsforadults.

Point(2.3):Specialpolicedetentioncentresdesignatedforthedetentionofasylumseekersorillegal aliens are not under the competence of the Prison and Court Guard Administration;thereforetheyarenotincludedinthetotalcapacity(point2.0).

Surfacearea:Standardsurfaceareaperinmateis3.5m2.Surfaceareaforeseenperfemaleandjuvenileinmatesis4m2.

SLOVENIA Surfacearea:Eachprisoner inasinglebedroomshouldhaveanareaofat least9m2and, ina

multiplebedroom,atleast7m2.Thesestandardsareusedinnewbuildingsorwheneverpossibletoadapt the surface area in the existent facility (in:Rulesconcerningtheenforcementofprisonsentences).Irrespectiveofthat,thesamestandardisusedinallfacilitiesastechnicalcapacity.

SPAIN(TOTAL) Point(2.0):Totalnumberofcells is53,037.Mostofthesecells haveadoublecapacity, i.e. for

twopersons.Theoperativeresidentialcapacityis:77.895places. Points (2.1.a)and (2.1.b): Spanish prisons are polyvalent; they house pre‐trial detainees as

wellassentencedprisoners.Therefore,thebreakdownbycategoriesisnotavailable. Surfaceareaper inmatehasbeencalculatedas follows:sincethecellshaveasurfaceof10to

13m2, the average surface in the cells is11.5m2.This resultmultipliedby the total numberofcellsanddividedbythetotalprisonpopulationgivestheaverageestimationofm2/inmate.

SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION) Point (2.0): The figure is calculated on the basis of the number of 47,622 cells in the adult

penitentiary system. Most of the cells are two places of capacity. The operational residentialcapacityis66,864places.

Points(2.1.a)and(2.1.b):ThepenalinstitutionsinSpainaredesignedtohostbothremandandconvictedinmates.Separatefiguresarenotavailable.

SPAIN(CATALONIA) Point (2.0): Penal institutions in Catalonia are designed for remand detainees and sentenced

prisoners. There is no differencemade depending on the type of regime (pre‐trial or servingsentences).Allthecustodialinstitutionshaveaninfirmarywing.Severalinstitutionsmighthavespecial units for persons with health problems (mentally‐ill offenders, drug‐addicts, geriatricunitsetc.)whereremandandsentencedinmatesmightbedetained.

Point (2.2): Juvenile offenders are managed under the authority of the General Direction ofJuvenileJustice;thereforetheplacesdesignedforthiscategoryofpersonsarenotincludedinthecapacityofpenalinstitutions(point2.0).

Point(2.3):ThecategoryofasylumseekersandillegalaliensismanagedundertheauthorityofStatePoliceforcesofSpain.

SWEDEN Datarelateto1stOctober2013insteadof1st September2013.

SWITZERLAND Datarelateto4thSeptember2013insteadof1st September2013. Point(2.2):Capacityofinstitutionsforexecutionofpenalmeasures(includingspecialmeasures

forjuvenileoffenders).Themajorityofinmatesheldthereareyoungadults.TURKEY

Points(2.1.a)and(2.1.b):Generally,penalinstitutions aredesignedforremanddetaineesandsentencedprisoners.Thereforebothcategoriesarepresentedtogether.

Point(2.2): JuvenileReformatories:& Juvenile andYouthClosedPrisons.Thenumber of thistype of institutions is 8. In Turkish Prison system there are 2 types of institutions especially



designedforjuveniles:o In reformatory houses, sentenced juvenile offenders whose ages are between 12‐18

yearsareheldandtheyareallowedtocontinuetheireducationininstitutionoroutside.o Inclosedprisons, imprisoned(onremand)butnotsentencedoffenderswhoseageare

between15‐21yearsareheld. This is the total capacityof all specialplacesbuilt for juvenile offenders.This

figure includes the number of juvenile offenders who are held in 3 closedprisons(inAnkara,İzmirandİstanbulcity)and2reformatoryhousesinAnkaraandİzmir.Therestofsentencedandonremandjuvenilesareheldinseparateunitsinadultprisonsnotinaspeciallybuiltinstitutionforjuveniles.

Surfacearea:11m2isthesurfaceareaforeseenforsingleroomperpersoninadultprisons.Forprisondormitories inadultprisons:4m2/inmate. In someprisons thisvalue increases to8m2andmoreperinmate.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALES Datarelateto30thAugust2013 insteadof1st September2013. Point (2.0): Totaluseableoperationalcapacity (published inPrisonPopulationBulletin‐Weekly

30August2013:www.gov.uk/government/publications/prison‐population‐figures) Point(2.1):PrisonsinEnglandandWalesperformanumberofdifferentfunctions,e.g.whilsta

localprison'spredominantfunctionwillbetoservecourtsandreceiveremandprisoners, localprisons will also hold many short‐term sentenced prisoners and those waiting allocation totrainingprisons.NOMSdoesnotrecordcapacitydatathat isseparatedintoplacesassignedtohold remand and sentenced prisoners, this is because the prison estate remand/sentencedcapacitysplitchangesregularly.

Point (2.2): Total useable operational capacity of NOMS operated YJB accommodation (30August2013).Capacityforjuvenileoffendersgivesthetotalnumberofbedscommissioned;theYouth Justice Board is committed to commissioning as many places in the secure estate asrequired.

Point(2.3):TotaluseableoperationalcapacityofNOMSoperatedRemovalCentres(publishedinPrisonPopulationBulletin‐Weekly30August‘13:www.gov.uk/government/publications/prison‐population‐figures).

UK:NORTHERNIRELAND Point(2.1):thePrisonEstablishmentshavecapacityfor1,905 regardlessofcustodialcategory. Point(2.2):CapacityforJuvenileJusticeCentreis48regardlessofcategory. Surface area: is not available for Prison Establishments but surface area for Juvenile Justice

Centreis7,000m2forthewholecentrewhichincludescustodyunits,theschoolclassroomsandotherfacilities.

UK:SCOTLAND Point(2.0):Thereisnoseparateaccommodationforremandandsentencedprisoners.Female

juvenileprisonersareheldinseparateaccommodationwithintheadultfemaleprison.Thefigureisthedesigncapacityofthepenalinstitutions.

Point (2.2): There is one separate institution for young male offenders which has a designcapacityof760.

60 Council of Europ

Strasbourg, 15

FIGURE

In2013,theEto2012,therriseacrossMPPRwas122.thepointof1inhabitants. Ithan100inmalreadyobser

FIGURE

In2013,themconsecutiveyyear(in201295.5,whichm

Thenumberoin2008,7in2

Comparisonspenalinstitutandotheruse

102.1

104.5

0

100

200

300

400

500

Croatia

Austria

Euro

Euro

100.3

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

160%

Switzerland

Eu

Eu

pe Annual Penal S

5 December 201

1.A: COUN

EuropeanmedirecanbeobserMemberStates.6;in2011this25.6inmatespIn2013, therematesper100,0rvedin2012,w

1.B: COUNT

mediandensityyear,weobserv2,thissameinmaybeseenas

ofcountriesw2009,6in201

of prison ovetionsvaryfromedtheiroperat

108.6

113.8

119.5

119.7

Italy

Belgium

France

Greece

opean Mean=1

opeanMedian=

100.5

100.8

1017

Finland

Luxembourg

Austria

uropean Mean=

uropeanMedian

Statistics: SPACE

14, pc‐cp\space

TRIES WITH

(HIGH

ianPrisonPoprvedanobvioof theCouncilsindicatorremper100,000ine are32 (65%000inhabitantwhichwas68%

TRIES WITH

P

yinEuropeanveaslightdecrndicatorwasoapositiveevo

ithmorethan0,5in2011,5

ercrowding shmcountrytocotionalcapacity)

121.3

133.5

133.8

136.2

1369

Bulgaria

Luxembourg

Spain(Catalonia)

Portugal

Mlt

36.3

=133.5

101.7

102.4

103.8

Austria

Lithuania

Montenegro

=94.2

n=95.5

I – 2013

e\documents\p

H MORE THA

HEST PRISON

pulationRate[usincrease;inlofEuropebemainedthesamnhabitantsand,) outof49 ants).Thispropo%ofallanalyse

PRISON PO

PRISONERS

penalinstitutirease.Betweenof97.8).Complutioninthew

130inmatespin2012,and5

hould be conduountry(e.g.so).

136.9

138.0

139.7

145.7

147.2

Malta

theFYROMacedonia

Serbia

Spain(total)

UK:Engl.&Wales

105.2

105.4

106.9

Slovenia

UK:Scotland

Arm

enia

pc‐cp (2014) 11

AN 100 PRI

N POPULAT

[PPR]wasof1n2012thesamecameevenmme(122.2inma,finally,in201nalysedPrisonortionofthecoedadministrat

OPULATION

PER 100 PL

ionswasof95n2012and20aredto2011,wayofsolvingt

per100places5countriesin

ucted cautioumecountriesu

147.2

148.0

148.8

154.7

155.2

UK:Engl.&Wales

Spain(StateAdm

.)

UK:Scotland

CzechRep.

Arm

enia

109.0

110.2

111.0

Serbia

Albania

Croatia

SONERS PE

ION RATES)

33.5inmatespmeindicatorworevisiblethaatesper100,013,itpassedthnAdministratioountrieswithtions.

OVERCROW

LACES)

.5inmatesper013,thedecreatheindicatortheproblemof

remainsrelati2013.

sly as the ruleusethedesign

165.4

172.4

180.0

183.4

Rom

ania

Albania

Turkey

Montenegro

116.3

117.2

117.4

Rom

ania

France

Portugal

R 100,000 I

)

per100,000inwas125.6respeanforpreviou00inhabitantshelimitof130ons that reporhighPPRisco

WDING (MO

r100availableaseis1%compofdensitydecfovercrowding

ivelystablesin

es for establiscapacityofthe

184.8

187.3

187.6

198.1

2050

Hungary

Moldova

SlovakRep.

Georgia

Poland

124.1

133.9

1342

g

theFYROMacedonia

Greece

Belgi

m

PC‐CP (201

INHABITAN

nhabitants.Comectively.Thegusyears. In20s);in2012itrinmatesper1rtedhighPPRomparabletot

ORE THAN 1

eplaces.Foraparedtotheprcreasedfrom9g.

nce2008:6cou

shing the capaeirpenalinstit

205.0

217.3

246.6

257.2 323.7

Poland

Azerbaijan

Estonia

Latvia

Lithuania

134.2

137.7

144.9

Belgium

Cyprus

Hungary

14) 11

TS

mparedgeneral10,theeached00,000(moretheone

100

secondrevious99.1to

untries

acity oftutions

475.0

RussianFed.

148.4

Italy



TABLE 1.3: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPT. 2013: ADJUSTED FIGURES


CountryPopulationon1stJanuary2013

Totalnumberofinmates

(includingpre‐trialdetainees)non‐adjusted

Prisonpopulationrateper100,000inhabitantsnon‐adjusted

Totalnumberofinmatesheldinadultcustodyforcriminalmatters

adjusted

Prisonpopulationrateper100,000inhabitantsadjusted

Albania 2898782 4998 172.4 4891 168.7Andorra 79218 47 59.3 47 59.3Armenia 3026878 4698 155.2 4671 154.3Austria 8451860 8831 104.5 8298 98.2Azerbaijan 9356483 20327 217.3 20297 216.9Belgium 11161642 12697 113.8 11153 99.9BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) 17 17 BH:Fed.BiH 2337200 BH:Rep.Srpska 1425549 1003 70.4 991 69.5Bulgaria 7284552 8834 121.3 8757 120.2Croatia 4262140 4352 102.1 4269 100.2Cyprus 865878 811 93.7 561 64.8CzechRep. 10516125 16266 154.7 16156 153.6Denmark 5602628 4091 73.0 4091 73.0Estonia 1320174 3256 246.6 3152 238.8Finland 5426674 3126 57.6 2982 55.0France 65578819 78363 119.5 67310 102.6Georgia 4476900 8868 198.1 8828 197.2Germany 80523746 67681 84.1 61064 75.8Greece 11062508 13238 119.7 [12565] [113.6]Hungary 9908798 18313 184.8 18313 184.8Iceland 321857 152 47.2 152 47.2Ireland 4591087 4065 88.5 3973 86.5Italy 59685227 64835 108.6 63807 106.9Latvia 2023825 5205 257.2 5160 255.0Liechtenstein 36838 9 24.4 9 24.4Lithuania 2971905 9621 323.7 9438 317.6Luxembourg 537039 717 133.5 712 132.6Malta 421364 577 136.9 479 113.7Moldova 3559497 6666 187.3 6621 186.0Monaco 37831 29 76.7 26 68.7Montenegro 622777 1142 183.4 [1102] [176.9]Netherlands 16779575 10547 62.9 10334 61.6Norway 5051275 3649 72.2 3649 72.2Poland 38533299 78994 205.0 78994 205.0Portugal 10487289 14284 136.2 13790 131.5Romania 20020074 33122 165.4 30840 154.0RussianFed. 143499861 681622 475.0 668366 465.8SanMarino 31448 2 6.4 2 6.4Serbia 7181505 10031 139.7 9792 136.4SlovakRep. 5410836 10152 187.6 10088 186.4Slovenia 2058821 1360 66.1 1334 64.8Spain(total) 46727890 68099 145.7 65714 140.6Spain(StateAdm.) 39246969 58089 148.0 55742 142.0Spain(Catalonia) 7480921 10010 133.8 9972 133.3Sweden 9555893 5868 61.4 5868 61.4Switzerland 8039060 7072 88.0 6453 80.3theFYROMacedonia 2062294 2846 138.0 2794 135.5Turkey 75627384 136147 180.0 133496 176.5Ukraine 45372692 UK:Engl.&Wales 56948200 83842 147.2 81048 142.3UK:North.Ireland 1829725 1822 99.6 1792 97.9UK:Scotland 5327700 7928 148.8 7357 138.1Mean 136.3 131.7Median 133.5 120.2Minimum 6.4 6.4Maximum 475.0 465.8



TABLE 1.4: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 BY DECREASING

PRISON POPULATION RATES (NON‐ADJUSTED VERSUS ADJUSTED FIGURES)


Country Totalnumberofprisonersnon‐

adjusted

Prisonpopulationratenon‐adjusted↓

Country Totalnumberofprisonersadjusted

Prisonpopulationrate–

adjusted↓

Diff.(%)betweentotal

numbers

1 RussianFed. 681622 475.0 1 RussianFed. 668366 465.8 1.92 Lithuania 9621 323.7 2 Lithuania 9438 317.6 1.93 Latvia 5205 257.2 3 Latvia 5160 255.0 0.94 Estonia 3256 246.6 4 Estonia 3152 238.8 3.25 Azerbaijan 20327 217.3 5 Azerbaijan 20297 216.9 0.16 Poland 78994 205.0 6 Poland 78994 205.0 0.07 Georgia 8868 198.1 7 Georgia 8828 197.2 0.58 SlovakRep. 10152 187.6 8 SlovakRep. 10088 186.4 0.69 Moldova 6666 187.3 9 Moldova 6621 186.0 0.710 Hungary 18313 184.8 10 Hungary 18313 184.8 0.011 Montenegro 1142 183.4 11 Montenegro 1102 176.9 3.512 Turkey 136147 180.0 12 Turkey 133496 176.5 1.913 Albania 4998 172.4 13 Albania 4891 168.7 2.114 Romania 33122 165.4 14 Armenia 4671 154.3 0.615 Armenia 4698 155.2 15 Romania 30840 154.0 6.916 CzechRep. 16266 154.7 16 CzechRep. 16156 153.6 0.717 UK:Scotland 7928 148.8 17 UK:Engl.&Wales 81048 142.3 3.318 Spain(StateAdm.) 58089 148.0 18 Spain(StateAdm.) 55742 142.0 4.019 UK:Engl.&Wales 83842 147.2 19 Spain(total) 65714 140.6 3.520 Spain(total) 68099 145.7 20 UK:Scotland 7357 138.1 7.221 Serbia 10031 139.7 21 Serbia 9792 136.4 2.422 theFYROMacedonia 2846 138.0 22 theFYROMacedonia 2794 135.5 1.823 Malta 577 136.9 23 Spain(Catalonia) 9972 133.3 0.424 Portugal 14284 136.2 24 Luxembourg 712 132.6 0.725 Spain(Catalonia) 10010 133.8 25 Portugal 13790 131.5 3.526 Luxembourg 717 133.5 26 Bulgaria 8757 120.2 0.927 Bulgaria 8834 121.3 27 Malta 479 113.7 17.028 Greece 13238 119.7 28 Greece 12565 113.6 5.129 France 78363 119.5 29 Italy 63807 106.9 1.630 Belgium 12697 113.8 30 France 67310 102.6 14.131 Italy 64835 108.6 31 Croatia 4269 100.2 1.932 Austria 8831 104.5 32 Belgium 11153 99.9 12.233 Croatia 4352 102.1 33 Austria 8298 98.2 6.034 UK:North.Ireland 1822 99.6 34 UK:North.Ireland 1792 97.9 1.635 Cyprus 811 93.7 35 Ireland 3973 86.5 2.336 Ireland 4065 88.5 36 Switzerland 6453 80.3 8.837 Switzerland 7072 88.0 37 Germany 61064 75.8 9.838 Germany 67681 84.1 38 Denmark 4091 73.0 0.039 Monaco 29 76.7 39 Norway 3649 72.2 0.040 Denmark 4091 73.0 40 BH:Rep.Srpska 991 69.5 1.241 Norway 3649 72.2 41 Monaco 26 68.7 10.342 BH:Rep.Srpska 1003 70.4 42 Slovenia 1334 64.8 1.943 Slovenia 1360 66.1 43 Cyprus 561 64.8 30.844 Netherlands 10547 62.9 44 Netherlands 10334 61.6 2.045 Sweden 5868 61.4 45 Sweden 5868 61.4 0.046 Andorra 47 59.3 46 Andorra 47 59.3 0.047 Finland 3126 57.6 47 Finland 2982 55.0 4.648 Iceland 152 47.2 48 Iceland 152 47.2 0.049 Liechtenstein 9 24.4 49 Liechtenstein 9 24.4 0.050 SanMarino 2 6.4 50 SanMarino 2 6.4 0.051 BH:BiH(st.level) 17 51 BH:BiH(st.level) 17

Mean 136.3 131.7 3.7 Median 133.5 120.2 1.9 Minimum 6.4 6.4 0.0 Maximum 475.0 465.8 30.8



NOTES – TABLES 1.3 AND 1.4

InTables1.3and1.4,figureshavebeenadjustedaccordingtotheinformationprovidedbythecountriesonthecategoriesincludedandexcludedintheirtotalprisonpopulation(seeTable1.1).Indeed,inmanycountries, special institutions for thedetentionof juvenile offenders, drug‐addicts,mentally ill persons,and administrative aliens are not under the authority of the Prison Administration. As a consequence,personsheldintheseinstitutionsdonotappearinthetotalprisonpopulation.Onthecontrary,ascanbeseeninTable1.1,othercountriesincludeallorsomeofthesecategoriesintheirprisonpopulation.Thus,in order to produce figures on prison populations that are comparable across Europe, inTable1.3, allpersonsunderthesespecialregimeswereexcludedfromthetotalnumberofprisoners.

PRIVATEFACILITIES Persons held in private facilities were kept in the adjusted figures (Germany,Turkey,UK:EnglandandWales,andUK:Scotland).

The total adjusted number of prisoners corresponds, in principle, to thenumberof inmatesheld inpenal institutions foradult inmateswhichareunder theauthorityof thePrisonAdministration.Nevertheless,thesedatamustbeconsideredwithcautionastheadjustmentsdonotnecessarytakeintoaccountalltheparticularitiesofthestatisticalcountingrulesappliedbyeachcountry.

METHODOLOGICAL REMARKS

As some figures were missing (NA) in Table 1.1., it was not possible to adjust them in Table 1.3.Specifically,thefollowingadjustmentscannotbemadevisible:

ForGreecetheaccuratefiguresonpersonswithpsychiatricdisordersheldinpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitalsoutsidepenalinstitutionsarenotavailable.Thelackofadditionalinformationmadeimpossibleanyadjustmentofthesefigures.Therefore,figuresforthiscountryarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].

ForMacedonia,wewereabletomakeonlyapartialtheadjustmentofthetotalprisonpopulationbecauseofthelackofaccurate figureonpersonsheld incustodial institutions/units for juvenileoffenders.Therefore, figures for thiscountryarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].

Theresultsoftheadjustmentsmadeontherawdatashowthattheaveragedifferencebetweenthenon‐adjustedandtheadjustedfiguresis lessthan5%(Table1.4).Onlyfivecountriesshowedadifferenceofmore than 10% between both figures: Cyprus (30.8%), Malta (17.0%), France (14.1%), Belgium(12.2%),andMonaco(10.3%).

In the special case of Cyprus, the difference is explained by a high number of persons held in policestationswhoareassimilatedtopre‐trialdetainees.

TheadjustmentsmadefortheNetherlands inthereportsbefore2009(untilSPACEI2009report)arenotcomparabletotheonesshowninthepresentreport.Thereasonisthat,since2010,theNetherlandsincludeonlyadult inmatesheldinpenalinstitutions,excludingthusjuveniles,mentally‐illoffendersandadministrative aliens detained under special [custodial] regimes (see notes to Table 1.1), which werepreviously included in the total numberof prisoners. In thepresent report, the adjustment ismadebyexcludingonlythecategoryofpersonsunderElectronicMonitoring(differenceonly2%).IntheSPACEI2009reporttheadjustmentconcernedalsojuveniles,personsheldincustodialclinicsandadministrativealiens(whichledtoadifferenceof28.6%).

ForFrance,theadjustmentwasmadetakingintoaccountnotonlythefiguresprovidedinTable1.1.,butalsothecommentstothattable.Therefore,theadjustedfigure(67,310)showstherealnumberofpersonsheldinpenalinstitutions(écrouésdétenus)andexcludesallthosewhowerenotdefactoheldincustody.

FiguresinTable1.3:accordingtotheinformationprovidedontheageofpersonsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsfor juvenile offenders, inmany countries there are high proportions of that populationwhich are actually youngadults aged18 andover (e.g.Germany,Romania). Yet, since they areheld in these special penal institutions, it isassumedthatsomeparticularregimesofdetentionareappliedtothemandtheyarenotassimilatedtoadultinmates.



TABLE 1.5: EVOLUTION OF PRISON POPULATIONS BETWEEN 2004 AND 2013

(a) Totalnumberofinmates(includingpre‐trialdetainees)on1stSeptemberofeachyear(sourceSPACEI)*;

(b) Prisonpopulationrateper100,000inhabitantson1stSeptemberofeachyear(source:SPACEI)*;

(c) Change2004‐2013=Evolution(inpercentage)ofprisonpopulationratesbetween2004and2013;

(d) Change2012‐2013=Evolution(inpercentage)ofprisonpopulationratesbetween2012and2013.

*N.B.–Forsomecountries,theaccuratereferencedatemayvaryacrossyears(seeSPACEI2004to2012fordetails).Nationalpopulationfigureshavebeenupdatedforallyears(seeNotes)


Country 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

(c) (d)

(a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b)Albania … … 3 425 109.3 3 884 123.3 … … 5 041 159.0 4 482 140.7 4 750 148.2 4 772 168.5 4 890 173.7 4 998 172.4 … ‐0.7

Andorra … … ... … 30 38.2 … … 60 72.2 68 80.5 36 42.8 36 42.3 41 52.5 47 59.3 … 13.0

Armenia 2 727 84.9 2 822 87.8 5 682 176.5 3 462 107.4 3 825 118.4 3 989 123.2 4 918 151.3 4 514 138.4 4 714 144.0 4 698 155.2 82.8 7.8

Austria … … 8 767 106.9 8 780 106.4 8 887 107.3 7 899 95.0 8 423 100.8 8 597 102.6 8 767 104.3 8 756 104.1 8 831 104.5 … 0.3

Azerbaijan 18 259 220.9 16 969 203.3 17 809 211.1 … … 20 986 243.2 20 470 230.1 21 904 243.4 23 191 254.5 21 034 227.8 20 327 217.3 ‐1.7 ‐4.6

Belgium … … 9 371 89.7 9 971 94.9 9 879 93.3 10 234 95.9 10 901 101.4 11 382 105.0 11 825 107.5 12 310 111.0 12 697 113.8 … 2.5

BH:BiH(st.level) … … … … 18 … … … 19 … … 20 … 20 17 … …

BH:Fed.BiH 1 247 43.8 1 344 47.2 … … 1 557 54.7 … … 1 619 56.8 1 736 60.6 1 671 58.3 1 700 72.7 … …

BH:Rep.Srpska 977 69.8 1 029 72.9 952 65.9 928 64.5 924 64.3 961 67.0 1 046 73.0 1 054 73.7 1 062 74.3 1 003 70.4 0.8 ‐5.3

Bulgaria 10 935 140.2 11 436 147.4 11 058 143.3 10 271 133.7 9 408 123.1 9 006 118.4 9 379 124.0 9 885 131.7 9 493 130.3 8 834 121.3 [‐13.5] [‐6.9]

Croatia 2 846 64.1 3 485 78.4 3 833 86.3 4 127 92.9 4 734 106.7 4 891 110.3 5 165 116.7 5 084 115.2 4 741 110.9 4 352 102.1 59.4 ‐7.9

Cyprus 546 74.8 529 70.6 599 78.2 834 107.1 831 105.3 883 110.8 900 112.1 905 107.8 930 107.9 811 93.7 25.3 ‐13.2

CzechRepublic … … 19 052 186.4 18 912 184.5 18 901 183.7 20 502 197.5 22 021 210.4 21 955 209.0 23 170 220.9 22 644 215.5 16 266 154.7 … ‐28.2

Denmark 3 762 69.7 4 132 76.4 3 759 69.3 3 624 66.5 3 451 63.0 3 721 67.5 3 944 71.3 3 947 71.0 3 829 68.6 4 091 73.0 4.8 6.4

Estonia 4 565 337.9 4 410 327.3 4 310 320.5 3 456 257.4 3 656 272.6 3 555 265.2 3 470 258.9 3 385 252.6 3 417 257.8 3 256 246.6 ‐27.0 ‐4.3

Finland 3 446 66.0 3 823 73.0 3 714 70.7 3 624 68.7 3 531 66.6 3 589 67.4 3 316 62.0 3 261 60.7 3 196 59.2 3 126 57.6 ‐12.7 ‐2.6

France 56 271 90.3 57 582 91.7 57 876 91.5 63 500 99.8 66 712 104.2 66 307 103.0 66 925 103.4 72 326 111.3 76 407 117.0 78 363 119.5 32.3 2.1

Georgia … … 8 668 200.6 13 419 304.9 18 384 418.3 19 507 445.2 19 825 452.1 23 684 533.9 24 186 541.2 23 227 516.4 8 868 198.1 … ‐61.6

Germany 79 676 96.5 78 992 95.7 79 146 96.0 77 868 94.6 74 706 90.9 73 263 89.3 71 634 87.6 70 931 86.8 69 268 84.6 67 681 84.1 ‐12.9 ‐0.7

Greece … … 9 589 86.5 10 113 90.9 10 700 95.8 11 798 105.2 11 080 98.4 11 934 105.6 12 479 110.3 13 238 119.7 … …

Hungary 16 410 162.2 16 394 162.4 15 591 154.7 14 892 147.9 15 079 150.1 15 724 156.8 16 459 164.4 17 413 174.4 17 585 177.1 18 313 184.8 13.9 4.4

Iceland 115 39.6 119 40.5 119 39.7 115 37.4 140 44.4 118 36.9 165 51.9 149 46.8 152 47.6 152 47.2 19.3 ‐0.7

Ireland … … ... … 3 135 74.5 3 305 76.6 3 523 80.0 3 919 88.1 4 352 97.4 4 257 93.1 4 323 94.3 4 065 88.5 … ‐6.1

Italy 56 090 96.9 59 649 102.0 38 309 65.2 45 612 77.1 55 831 93.6 63 981 106.6 68 345 113.3 67 104 110.7 66 271 111.6 64 835 108.6 12.1 ‐2.6

Latvia 7 731 333.3 7 228 313.4 6 531 284.6 6 452 282.8 6 544 288.2 6 999 309.5 6 778 301.5 6 556 316.0 6 195 303.0 5 205 257.2 ‐22.8 ‐15.1

Liechtenstein 7 20.4 10 28.9 10 28.6 6 17.1 10 28.3 7 19.7 14 39.0 13 36.0 8 21.9 9 24.4 19.7 11.4

Lithuania 7 827 227.1 7 993 233.4 8 078 237.4 7 842 231.7 7 744 230.0 8 295 247.6 8 887 267.0 9 504 311.3 10 033 334.0 9 621 323.7 42.5 ‐3.1



Country 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

(c) (d)

(a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b)Luxembourg 548 120.5 693 150.3 755 161.0 744 156.2 673 139.1 679 137.6 690 137.4 644 125.8 659 125.6 717 133.5 10.8 6.3

Malta ... … 298 74.0 343 84.7 … … 577 140.6 494 119.4 583 140.7 599 144.1 622 149.0 577 136.9 … ‐8.1

Moldova 10 383 287.8 8 990 249.7 8 817 245.6 8 130 227.0 7 252 203.0 6 769 189.7 6 415 180.0 6 337 178.0 6 621 186.0 6 666 187.3 ‐34.9 0.7

Monaco ... … 34 102.8 37 113.5 36 110.2 34 96.2 23 64.5 12 33.4 32 90.3 41 109.1 29 76.7 … ‐29.7

Montenegro … … … … … … … … … … 986 156.5 1 438 233.3 1 328 214.2 1 229 197.8 1 142 183.4 … ‐7.3

Netherlands 16 173 99.5 15 390 94.4 13 747 84.2 12 919 79.0 11 799 71.9 11 629 70.5 11 737 70.8 11 579 69.5 11 324 67.7 10 547 62.9 ‐36.8 ‐7.1

Norway 2 975 65.0 3 097 67.2 3 164 68.2 3 280 70.1 3 278 69.2 3 285 68.4 3 636 74.8 3 535 71.8 3 551 71.2 3 649 72.2 11.2 1.4

Poland 79 344 207.8 82 656 216.5 88 647 232.3 90 199 236.6 83 152 218.2 84 003 220.3 80 728 211.5 81 382 211.2 84 156 218.4 78 994 205.0 ‐1.3 ‐6.1

Portugal … … 12 889 122.4 12 636 119.6 11 587 109.3 10 807 101.8 11 099 104.4 11 613 109.2 12 681 119.9 13 614 129.1 14 284 136.2 … 5.5

Romania 40 085 184.6 37 929 175.1 35 910 166.2 31 290 145.1 27 262 126.6 27 028 125.7 28 191 131.4 29 823 139.3 31 883 158.7 33 122 165.4 ‐10.4 4.3

RussianFed. … … 823 672 574.1 871 609 610.6 871 609 612.9 887 723 625.1 880 671 620.6 838 500 590.8 780 100 546.1 717 400 501.5 681 622 475.0 … ‐5.3

SanMarino 0 0.0 1 3.4 1 3.3 1 3.3 2 6.2 2 6.4 0 0.0 2 6.3 1 3.0 2 6.4 … 112.3

Serbia … … 7 775 104.3 8 553 115.2 8 978 121.4 9 510 129.1 10 262 139.9 11 197 153.2 10 955 150.6 11 070 153.4 10 031 139.7 … ‐8.9

SlovakRepublic 9 504 176.7 9 289 172.5 8 657 160.6 8 235 152.7 8 313 153.9 9 170 169.4 10 068 185.6 10 713 198.7 11 075 204.9 10 152 187.6 6.2 ‐8.4

Slovenia 1 126 56.4 1 132 56.7 1 301 64.9 1 336 66.5 1 318 65.6 1 365 67.2 1 351 66.0 1 273 62.1 1 377 67.0 1 360 66.1 17.1 ‐1.4

Spain(total) 59 224 137.1 61 269 138.9 64 120 143.4 66 467 147.0 71 778 155.5 78 342 167.6 75 859 161.3 71 995 156.0 69 621 147.3 68 099 145.7 6.3 ‐1.1

Spain(St.Adm.) 51 302 141.0 … … 57 072 150.2 61 939 159.7 67 986 173.1 65 098 164.8 61 279 158.3 59 410 149.7 58 089 148.0 5.0 ‐1.1

Spain(Catalonia) 7 922 116.3 … … … … 9 395 130.3 9 839 133.6 10 356 138.5 10 761 143.2 10 716 144.1 10 211 134.9 10 010 133.8 15.1 ‐0.8

Sweden 7 332 81.7 7 054 78.3 7 175 79.3 6 770 74.3 6 853 74.6 7 147 77.2 6 922 74.1 6 742 71.6 6 431 67.8 5 868 61.4 ‐24.8 ‐9.5

Switzerland 6 021 81.8 6 111 82.4 5 888 78.9 5 715 76.1 5 780 76.1 6 084 79.0 6 181 79.4 6 065 77.1 6 599 83.0 7 072 88.0 7.6 6.0

FYROMacedonia 1 747 86.1 2 132 104.8 2 038 100.0 2 050 100.4 2 235 109.3 2 461 120.1 2 516 122.6 2 515 122.2 2 543 123.5 2 846 138.0 60.3 11.8

Turkey 71 148 100.6 54 296 75.8 67 795 93.5 85 865 123.2 99 416 140.8 115 540 161.6 120 391 165.9 126 725 171.9 120 275 161.0 136 147 180.0 78.9 11.8

Ukraine 193 489 407.8 179 519 381.1 165 408 353.8 154 055 331.5 148 339 321.1 146 394 318.5 152 169 332.4 158 532 347.7 151 122 332.5 … …

UK:E&W 74 488 140.4 76 190 142.6 77 982 145.1 79 734 147.4 83 194 152.8 83 454 152.3 85 002 153.9 85 374 152.0 86 048 152.1 83 842 147.2 4.9 ‐3.2

UK:NIR 1 295 75.7 1 337 77.5 1 502 86.2 1 445 82.1 1 523 85.8 1 456 81.4 1 475 82.0 1 703 94.3 1 779 97.6 1 822 99.6 31.5 2.1

UK:SCO 6 885 135.6 6 795 133.4 7 192 140.6 7 453 144.9 8 088 156.5 8 113 156.2 7 890 151.1 8 267 157.3 8 145 153.3 7 928 148.8 9.8 ‐2.9

Source:SPACEI2004toSPACEI2012

NB1:ThePrisonPopulationRatesforAzerbaijanarerecalculatedfor2010and2011includingonlyinmatesmanagedbythePrisonServiceandthepre‐traildetentionfacilityundertheMinistryofNationalSecurity.

NB2:ThePrisonPopulationRatesforBulgariaarerecalculatedforthewholeseries(2004‐2013)byexcluding theinmatesheldintheinvestigativedetentionfacilities[IDF],becausetheaccuratenumberoftheseinmatesismissingfor2013.Theevolutionshouldbeconsideredaspartialastherealnumberofthetotalprisonpopulationisnotavailable.

NB3:ThePrisonPopulationRatesfortheNetherlandsarefullyrecalculatedinthewholeseriesonthebasisofthefiguresavailablein2012(i.e.onlyadultinmates).



TABLE 1.6: YEAR‐TO‐YEAR PERCENTAGE CHANGE OF PRISON POPULATION RATES BETWEEN

2012 AND 2013


Azerbaijan ‐4.6

Estonia ‐4.3

UK:EnglandandWales ‐3.2

Lithuania ‐3.1

UK:Scotland ‐2.9

Finland ‐2.6 Georgia ‐61.6

Italy ‐2.6 Monaco [‐29.7]

Slovenia ‐1.4 CzechRepublic ‐28.2

Spain(StateAdm.) ‐1.1 Latvia ‐15.1

Spain(total) ‐1.1 Cyprus ‐13.2

Spain(Catalonia) ‐0.8 Sweden ‐9.5

Albania ‐0.7 Serbia ‐8.9

Portugal 5.5 Iceland ‐0.7 SlovakRepublic ‐8.4

Switzerland 6.0 Germany ‐0.7 Malta ‐8.1

Luxembourg 6.3 Austria 0.3 Croatia ‐7.9

Denmark 6.4 Moldova 0.7 Montenegro ‐7.3

Armenia 7.8 Norway 1.4 Netherlands ‐7.1

Liechtenstein [11.4] UK:NorthernIreland 2.1 Bulgaria ‐6.9

FYROMacedonia 11.8 France 2.1 Ireland ‐6.1

Turkey 11.8 Belgium 2.5 Poland ‐6.1

Andorra [13.0] Romania 4.3 BH:Rep.Srpska ‐5.3

SanMarino [112.3] Hungary 4.4 RussianFederation ‐5.3

Increaseofmorethan5% Between‐5%and+5% Decreaseofmorethan5%

NOTES – TABLES 1.5 AND 1.6

Tables 1.5 and 1.6 are based onnon‐adjusted figures in order to ensure comparabilitywith data frompreviousyears. Inordertoincreaseaccuracy,thepercentagesshownininTable1.6werecalculatedonthebasisoftherawdataprovidedbythecountries.

InTable1.5,allpreviousrateswererecalculated.Therecalculationtookintoaccount:

(1) Modificationstopreviousfiguresprovidedbythecountries,and

(2) Updatestothenationaldemographicdata(totalpopulation)foreachyearmadebyEurostat.

Indeed,whenproducingannualSPACEreports,sometimesonlyestimatesofthedemographicalsituationineachcountryareavailable.Thismethodologicallimitationledtosomedistortionsforcountrieswherethecalculationsarebasedonestimatesorprovisionaldata.Inthatcontext,thefirstSPACEreportsuseddatafromtheCouncilofEuropedemographicreports,whicharenolongerproduced.Consequently,welater revised the results forall thesecountriesand increased thecomparabilitybyusing thesamedatasourcefordemographicaldatainalmostallCoEMemberStates.

Currently, the main source for national population data is the Eurostat database, which is updatedconstantlyandincludesfiguresforsomeofnon‐EUcountriesaswell.Thus,inordertoreduceasmuchaspossibletheeffectsofdifferentestimationproceduresandtousethelatestavailabledata,themajorityoftherecalculatedrateswerebasedontheEurostatfiguresofnationalpopulations.

Figures retrieved from theEurostatdatabase relate to1st Januaryof eachreferenceyear.However, thelackofinformationforsomecountriesornationalentitiesrequiredtheuseofdatafromothersources(formoredetails,seeChapterDemographicData).



InTable1.6,percentagesforthetwoPrisonAdministrationsofSpain(StateAdministrationandCatalonia)were calculated separately. Though,we included thenational total trendaswell. This indicator for thewholecountryispresentedundertheheading“Spain(total)”.

Forcountrieswhosetotalnumberofinmatesislowerthan50,theincreaseordecreasepercentagesarepresentedbetweenbrackets(Andorra,Liechtenstein,Monaco,andSanMarino).ThefigureforSanMarinoislargelyinfluencedbytheverysmalltotalnumberofinmatesheldinthecountry(usuallylessthan10persons).Therefore,thesevariationsinthiscountryareoftenextreme.

BULGARIA

Since 2004, all Bulgarian inputs included persons held in the Investigative Detention Facilities[IDF].Thecorrectedseriesfortheperiodlastingfrom2004until2012arethefollowing:

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

PPR 151.0 PPR 157.7 PPR 158.3 PPR 143.7 PPR 140.3 PPR 131.8 PPR 138.4 PPR 151.1 PPR 145.5

Total 11782 Total 12240 Total 12218 Total 11032 Total 10723 Total 10028 Total 10470 Total 11137 Total 10663

IDF 847 IDF 804 IDF 1160 IDF 761 IDF 1315 IDF 1022 IDF 1091 IDF 1252 IDF 1170

Prisons 10935 Prisons 11436 Prisons 11058 Prisons 10271 Prisons 9408 Prisons 9006 Prisons 9379 Prisons 9885 Prisons 9493

In2013,theaccuratefiguresfromIDFaremissing.This lackofreliable informationpushedtheauthors of this report to review the whole series since 2004 until 2013 (see Table 1.5) andrecalculatetheprisonpopulationratesonlyforprisons.

CYPRUS

ForthecalculationsinTable1.5 weuseddataincluding detaineesheldinpolicestations.Yet,thisinformation has probably not been provided for 2004. Since 2005, the information on thedistributionbycategoriesofprisonersindifferenttypesofpenalinstitutions(policestationsandprisoninstitution)isavailable.Asaconsequence,thepercentagechangebetween2004and2013shouldbeinterpretedcautiously.

Forthecalculations inTable1.6weusedthetotalnumberofprisoners including thoseheld inpolicestations.Thetotalnumberofprisonersin2012was930andin2013itwas811inmatesrespectively.Thus,thedecreaseobservedinTable1.6isaccurate.

ITALY

Italian data until 2003 included juveniles in the total prison population. Since 2004 thesecategories of inmates are no longer counted. Thus, data on the series from 2004 to 2013presentedinthisreportarefullycomparable.

THENETHERLANDS

All the figures for the Netherlands have been recalculated by excluding the data on all theavailablecategoriesfor:

o Juvenileoffendersinfacilitiesforjuvenileoffenderso Personsheldincustodialclinics(TBS)placedthereunderhospitalorders,ando Illegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons

TheonlyadditionalcategoryincludedasbeingmanagedbyPrisonAdministrationisthecategoryofpeopleunderElectronicMonitoring.

IntheTable1.6weusedtherawdatawhichrelatetothesamecategoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonersin2012andin2013.ThesecategoriesincludeadultinmatesheldinregularpenalinstitutionsaswellaspersonsunderElectronicMonitoring.

SPAIN

Table1.5:Inordertoensuretheaccuracyofthecomparisonswiththepreviousyears’data,weaddedCataloniandatainthetotalnumberofprisoners(Spaintotal=StateAdministration+Catalonia),andwerecalculatedthewholeprisonpopulationrateforthecountry.

Table1.6:ThetrendsforStateAdministrationandforCataloniaarepresentedseparately.



BRIEF ANALYSIS

In2013,therewereseventeenEuropeanPrisonAdministrationsthatexperienceddecreaseofmorethan5% in their prison population rates: Georgia, Monaco, Czech Republic, Latvia, Cyprus, Sweden, Serbia,SlovakRepublic,Malta,Croatia,Montenegro,theNetherlands,Bulgaria,Ireland,Poland,BH:Rep.Srpska,andRussianFederation.

Indeed,theseobservationsarerelativeasthetotalnumberofinmatesinMonacowasonly29inmateson1stSeptember2013and41 inmates in2012respectively.Asaconsequence, thevariationsobservedonsuch low values should not be considered as being significant. Moreover, as already stated above,Bulgarian inputs arepartial anddonot includepersonsheld in InvestigativeDetentionFacilities [IDF].Therefore, the series are fully comparable at the series level, but they do not correspond to the totalprisonpopulationofthecountry.In2012,thereweresevencountriesthatexperienceddecreaseofmorethan 5% in their prison population rates: Liechtenstein, Azerbaijan, Russian Federation, Montenegro,Turkey,Spain,andSweden.Themostrecentdecreasetrendsbetween2012and2013wereobservedinmuchlargerEuropeanareathaninpreviousyears.

Inalongitudinalperspective,weobservethedecreasingtrendinRussianFederation:‐5.3%fortheperiodbetween2012and2013.Thispositiveevolutionseemstopersist,becausetheobservedinputssince2010werealreadygoingdown:‐8.2%between2011and2012and‐7.6%between2010and2011.

Previoustrends(between2011and2012)forothercountriesinthegroupthatdecreasedtheirPPRareasfollowing:Georgia‐4.6,CzechRepublic‐2.4%,Latvia‐4.1%,Cyprus+0.1%,Sweden‐5.3%,Serbia+1.9%,SlovakRepublic +3.2%,Malta +3.4%,Croatia ‐3.8%,Montenegro ‐7.7%, theNetherlands ‐2.6%, Ireland+1.3%,Poland+3.4%,BH:Rep.Srpska+0.8%.HalfofallthecountriesinthisgroupdecreasedtheirPPRduringtheperiodfrom2011to2012.

Thenumberofcountriesthatexperienceddecreasingtrendsbetween2012and2013doubledcomparedto previousperiods.This increase of thenumber of countries experiencingpositive evolution trends isquite new for recent years, because previously the number of such cases remained relatively stable: 8countriesin2012,in2011therewere7,in2010–5,andin2009thisnumberwasequalto9countries.

Ontheopposite,thereare10countriesthatexperiencedanincreaseofmorethan5%in2013.TwooutoftencountriesareAndorraandSanMarino.The fluctuations in thesecountries shouldbe interpreted inline with the warnings provided previously for Monaco. If we exclude from the comparison thosecountriesthathaveverylowprisonpopulations(lessthan50inmates),thenweobservethatthenumberof countrieswith increasing trendsduring2011‐2012 and2012‐2013 remainedquite the same. Sowenotethefirststabilisationinthisgroup.In2012,thenumberofthecountriesthatincreasetheirPPRwasgoingdowncomparedto2011. Itmustbeemphasisedthat in2011therewere11countriesonthis listandin2010theirnumberwasevenhigher(19).

ThisobservationbringsustotheconclusionthatanumberofreformsperformedinEuropeancountriescontinuetobringpositivechanges.Furthermore,theideaofreinforcementofthealternativeswhichledtheimprisonmenttobeusedasultimaratiobycriminaljusticesystemsbecomesmoreconcrete.

50%ofthecountriesthatexperiencedanincreaseoftheirPPRbetween2012and2013hadalreadythesameproblemduringthepreviousperiodfrom2011to2012.Morespecifically,duringthislaterperiod,the increase was observed in: Portugal (+7.7%), Switzerland (+7.6%), Armenia (+4.1%), and FYROMacedonia (+1.0%). Portugal is the only country on this list that increased its PPR during 2010‐2011(+9.9%)aswell.

Countriesthatchangedtheirtrendsfromincreasingbetween2011and2012intodecreasing(orstable)between2012and2013are:Lithuania(+7.3%forthe1stperiodto‐3.1%forthe2ndone)andSlovenia(+7.9%forthe1stperiodto‐1.4%forthe2ndone).

Finally, the calculatedmedianvalueof the evolutionbetween2012 and2013was ‐2.0%.Nevertheless,thischangedoesnotallowconcludingtoaEuropeandecreaseofthePPR.Oneshouldpayattentiontothefact that theevolution fromtheEuropeanmedianof125.6 inmatesper100,000 inhabitants in2012 to133.5in2013doesactuallyrepresentanincreaseof+6.3%.

Strasb

MAP

*ISO

ThethcountrBosniaFIFA(

ALB

AND

ARM

AUT

AZE

BEL

BIH

BGR

HRV

CYP

bourg, 15 Decem

1: PRISON

3166‐1alpha

hree‐lettercourycodeswereaandHerzego(InternationalF

Albania

Andorra

Armenia

Austria

Azerbaijan

Belgium

Bosnia and

Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

mber 2014, pc‐c

POPULATIO

a‐3codes:

untrycodesareusedtoidentovina).ForconFederationofA

CZE Cz

Re

DNK D

EST Es

FIN Fi

FRA Fr

GEO G

DEU G

GRC G

HUN H

ISL Ic

cp\space\docum

ON RATES P

re theonespuifyMemberStnstituentcountAssociationFoo

zech

epublic

enmark

stonia

nland

rance

eorgia

ermany

reece

ungary

celand

ments\pc‐cp (20

PER 100,000

ublishedby ISOtatesoftheCotriesoftheUnotball):ENG,W

IRL Ireland

ITA Italy

LVA Latvia

LIE Liechte

LTU Lithuan

LUX Luxem

MLT Malta

MDA Moldov

MCO Monac

MNE Monte

014) 11

0 INHABITA

O(InternationuncilofEuropnitedKingdomWAL,NIR,andS

d NLD

NOR

POL

enstein PRT

nia ROU

bourg RUS

SMR

va SRB

co SVK

negro SVN

Council

NTS ON 1ST

Reference: Cou

alOrganisationpeonthemapwehaveusedSCO.

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Russian

Federation

San Marino

Serbia

Slovakia

Slovenia

of Europe Annua

PC‐

SEPT. 2013

uncil of Europe, S

nofStandardipresentedabodthethree‐lett

s ESP S

SWE S

CHE S

MKD T

M

TUR T

UKR U

UK:

ENG&

WAL

U

W

UK:

NIR

U

Ir

UK:

SCO U

BLR B

m

al Penal Statistics

‐CP (2014) 11

3

SPACE I 2013.m.1

zation).Theseove(excludingtercodesfrom

pain

weden

witzerland

The FYRO

Macedonia

Turkey

Ukraine

UK: England and

Wales

UK: Northern

reland

UK: Scotland

Belarus (Not CoE

member)

s 69

1

egm



TABLE 2: AGE STRUCTURE OF PRISON POPULATION ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013


Country


Lessthan14years

From14tolessthan16years










80andover

Un‐knownUn‐recorded

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m)

Albania 4998 NAP 21 86 438 932 1059 1253 741 318 135 14 1 0Andorra 47 NAP 0 0 1 6 7 11 13 8 1 0 0 0Armenia 4698 NAP 18 598 1878 1223 898 83 0Austria 8831 NAP 16 92 411 1113 1649 2632 1693 869 287 59 6 4Azerbaijan 20327 NAP 0 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0Belgium 12697 0 15 57 464 1429 2329 4133 2649 1132 407 72 7 3BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) 17 NAP 0 0 0 1 3 3 7 3 0 0 0 0BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1003 NAP 0 1 26 125 167 272 152 124 32 8 0 0Bulgaria 8834 NAP 47 269 882 1492 2828 1641 668 187 46 0Croatia 4352 NAP 2 34 121 110 423 1693 978 608 224 45 114Cyprus 592 NAP 0 5 17 58 122 189 131 51 14 5 0 0CzechRep. 16266 NAP 5 61 464 1655 2840 5721 3698 1434 363 25 0 0Denmark 4091 NAP 0 12 394 722 682 1112 799 298 58 14 0 0Estonia 3256 NAP 5 35 131 357 580 1148 619 282 88 11 0 0Finland 3126 NAP 0 6 71 311 523 1064 685 338 113 13 2 0France 78363 61 640 5446 13610 16099 20658 12745 6203 2901 0Georgia 8868 NAP 27 51 648 1217 1953 2426 1515 871 147 13 0 0Germany 67681 NAP 32 483 2723 6848 10913 16674 10964 5316 1742 376 0Greece 13238 502 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 18313 NAP 162 1465 1747 2803 5842 4264 1640 390 0Iceland 152 NAP 0 2 5 21 32 58 24 8 2 0 0 0Ireland 4065 0 10 37 242 609 882 1315 604 252 95 17 2 0Italy 64835 NAP NA NA 1051 4790 8999 21003 16950 8482 2936 590 34Latvia 5205 NAP 21 138 456 796 1212 676 302 86 NALiechtenstein 9 NAP 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 3 1 0 0 0Lithuania 9621 NAP 2 53 549 3018 2642 1436 636 183 0Luxembourg 717 NAP NAP 1 39 84 153 209 147 66 17 1 0 0Malta 577 NAP 1 3 12 41 93 213 120 60 33 1 0 0Moldova 6666 NAP 0 23 302 1778 1817 880 479 127 0



Country


Lessthan14years











80andover

Un‐knownUn‐recorded

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m)

Monaco 29 0 3 0 1 2 5 5 7 3 3 0 0 0Montenegro 1142 NAP 1 5 27 221 279 295 189 99 25 1 0 0Netherlands 10547 0 0 0 643 1507 1893 2985 2303 920 252 37 5 2Norway 3649 NAP 0 4 132 473 614 1165 812 327 98 24 0Poland 78994 NAP 1 303 3913 7862 18340 21743 13191 10730 1619 482 810Portugal 14284 NAP NA 63 239 1271 2487 4711 3374 1567 572 0Romania 33122 NAP 62 435 1647 11613 10664 5717 2401 583 RussianFed. 681622 NAP 188 1566 9254 105032 133929 128346 189627 13031 4962 1872 0SanMarino 2 NAP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0Serbia 10031 NAP 14 63 129 1340 3529 1320 766 241 44 0SlovakRep. 10152 NAP 12 78 344 1117 1800 3367 2180 987 244 18 5 0Slovenia 1360 NAP 2 9 32 101 269 474 269 145 53 5 1 0Spain(total) 68099 NAP 0 0 902 6444 10567 23538 17734 6640 1895 319 54 6Spain(StateAdm.) 58089 NAP 0 0 656 5572 8991 19960 15260 5723 1601 273 47 6Spain(Catalonia) 10010 NAP 0 0 246 872 1576 3578 2474 917 294 46 7 0Sweden 5868 NAP 0 1 120 520 813 1234 926 536 227 0Switzerland 7072 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 2846 NAP 9 16 384 507 225 877 499 259 64 6 0 0Turkey 136147 39 366 1463 7162 16495 25921 44489 24952 10985 3322 767 99 12Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 83842 0 42 824 6272 12822 15395 23248 15008 6760 2590 768 113 0UK:North.Ireland 1822 0 5 23 126 300 395 458 295 149 55 12 3 1UK:Scotland 7928 72 498 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 85

Generalremark:ThebreakdownbycategoriesofagedoesnotalwayscorrespondtothetotalnumberofinmatesasprovidedinTable1.Formorespecificinformationbycountry,seeNotes–Tables2and2.1below.



TABLE 2.1: AGE AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY


CountryAgeofcriminalresponsibility

Minimalagefortheapplicationofcustodialsanctionsandmeasures

Ageofcriminalmajority

Albania 14 14 18Andorra 14 14 18Armenia 14 14 18Austria 14 14 18Azerbaijan 14 14 18Belgium NAP 14 18BH:BiH(total) 14 18BH:BiH(st.level) 14 14 18BH:Fed.BiH 14 16 18BH:Rep.Srpska 14 14 18Bulgaria 14 14 18Croatia 14 14 18/21Cyprus 14 14 16CzechRep. 15 15 18Denmark 15 15 18Estonia 14 14 18Finland 15 15 18/21France 13 16 18Georgia 14 14 18Germany 14 14 18/21Greece 15 18 18/21Hungary 14 14 18Iceland 15 15 18Ireland 12 12 18Italy 14 14 18Latvia 14 14 18Liechtenstein 14 14 18Lithuania 14 14/16 18Luxembourg 16 16 18Malta 14 14 18Moldova 14 14 18Monaco 13 13 18Montenegro 14 16 18Netherlands 12 12 18Norway 15 15 18Poland 13 15 17Portugal 16 16 21Romania 14 14 18RussianFed. 14 14 18SanMarino 14 14 18/21Serbia 14 14 18SlovakRep. 14 14 18Slovenia 14 16 18/21Spain(total) 14 14 18Spain(StateAdm.) 14 14 18Spain(Catalonia) 14 14 18Sweden 15 18 18Switzerland 10 15 18theFYROMacedonia 14 16 18Turkey 12 12 18Ukraine 14 16 18UK:Engl.&Wales 10 15 18UK:North.Ireland 10 10 18UK:Scotland 8/12 16 18/21




Generalremark:Asthequestionontheageofcriminalresponsibilitywas interpretedbysomenationalcorrespondentsascorrespondingtotheageofmajority,a fewadjustmentstothisTableweremade.WealsointroducedtheageofcriminalresponsibilityforBosniaandHerzegovina(BiHtotal),andUkraineonthebasisofpersonalcommunicationsand/orpreviousyear’inputs.

ARMENIA Data on the age of prisoners include all inmates. Figures presented in this report are not

comparable to those presented in SPACE I 2010 report, because before 2011 in the totalbreakdownwereincludedonlysentencedprisonerswithoutpre‐trialdetainees.

ForsomearticlesofCriminalCodetheageofcriminalresponsibilityis14.o Points(b)and(c)–personsagedupto18;o Points(d)and(e)–personsaged18to25;o Point(f)–between25and35years;o Point(g)–between35and45years;o Points(h)and(i)–personsagedfrom45to60;o Points(j),(k)and(l)–personsaged60yearsandover.

AUSTRIA Point(l):theoldestpersonwasaged83. Point(m):Underthisheadingareincludedchildren(agedbetween1andupto3years)wholive

withtheirincarceratedmothers.Theyarealsocountedaccordingtothenationalcountingrules.AZERBAIJAN

Dataon3,562pre‐trialdetaineesarenotavailable. Moreover,onlypartialdataareavailableonsentencedprisoners:

o From16tolessthan18:30persons.o From18tolessthan50:14,900persons.o From50tolessthan60:1,576persons.o 60yearsandover:259persons.

Theageofcriminalresponsibilityissetat16years;nevertheless,inthecasesofseverecrimes,theresponsibilitymaystartfrom14years.

BELGIUM Theageissetuponthebasisoftherecordedelementsinthefileand/orstatedbytheprisoner

himself.Itcouldbecontestedbyajudicialauthority(e.g.theauthoritiesconsiderthatapersonisadultwhileshestatedtobejuvenile).

Points(b)and(c) –among72 juvenilesaged less than18, thereare22personswhoarenotheldininstitutionsforjuveniles.Indeed,thesejuvenileoffendersareplacedinadultprisonsorareunderElectronicMonitoring.Itmayinclude:

o Personsforwhomthejudicialauthoritiescontestedtheirage,and/oro Personsthat judgesfor juvenileswithdrawthemselvesandtransferredthecasetothe

adultcourts.o Consequently,notallpersonsconsideredasjuvenilesaredetainedintheFederalCentre

forjuvenileoffenders. Point(l):theoldestpersonwasaged90. Table2.1(ageofcriminalresponsibility):Thereisnominimumageforjuvenileswhoareunder

theregimeofProtectionofYouth.Sometypesofcustodialmeasuresmaybeappliedtojuvenileoffenderswhoreachedtheageof14.

Table2.1 (ageofcriminalmajority): Age of majority is 18. Persons aged 16 and over at themomentofcommittingtheoffencemay–undercertainconditions–betriedbyanadultcourtandunderthecriminallawforadults.

BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA) Table2: The distribution by categories of age is available only for sentenced prisoners. The

accuratebreakdownforpre‐trialdetaineesisnotavailable.



BULGARIA Figuresareon31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Table2: are included sentenced prisoners.Data forpre‐trial detainees including thoseheld in

investigativedetentionfacilities[IDF])arenotavailable.o Point(a)–Personsunder14yearsofagedonotenterthepenitentiarysystem.o Point(c) –Less than19.Thenumberunder thisheadingdoesnot correspond to the

numberofinmatesplacedinthecorrectionalfacilityforjuveniles,astheBulgarianlawallows–under certainconditions– thosewho reached theageofmajorityduring theirsentencetoservetheremainderoftheirsentenceinthecorrectionalfacility.

o Point(d)–From19to21yearso Point(e)–From22to25yearso Point(f)–From26to30yearso Point(g)–From31to40yearso Point(h)–From41to50yearso Point(i)–From50to60yearso Point(j)–From61to70yearso Points(k)and(l)–70yearsandover

CROATIA Figuresareon31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Table2:dataonprisonerssentencedonthebasisofMisdemeanoursAct(191persons)arenot

available.o Point(e):From21tolessthan23years;o Point(f):From23tolessthan27years;o Point(g):From27tolessthan40years.o Point(m):Under thisheadingare included114 inmates sentencedunder theLawon

MinorOffences.Thebreakdownbycategoriesofageisnotavailableforthem.CYPRUS

Table2:Thebreakdownisavailablefor inmates heldintheprisoninstitution.Figuresforthoseheld inpolice stationsaremissing.Therefore, the total of 592persons isprovided in the firstcolumnofthetable.

Table2.1:There isnoexpressdefinitionoftheterms'adult'and 'juvenile'.UndertheJuvenileOffenders'Law(Ch.157),theJuvenileCourthearschargesagainst'children'or'youngpersons'.Thislawdefines'child'asapersonundertheageof14and'youngperson'asapersonwhois14yearsofageorolderandundertheageof16years.Thereforeajuvenileisapersonfallingwithintheabovedefinitionof'child'or'youngperson'.AccordingtotheCriminalCode,“apersonundertheageof14isnotcriminallyresponsibleforanyactoromission”.

CZECHREPUBLIC Figuresareon31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Point(b)–Astheageofcriminalresponsibilityis15,juvenilesincludedhereareupto15less

than16years.DENMARK

Between1st July2010and29thFebruary2012theageofcriminalresponsibilitywas14years.Sincethe1stMarch2012theageofcriminalresponsibilityreturnedbackto15years.

FRANCE Figuresareon1stOctober2013insteadof1st September2013. Table 2: Figures are on the total number of inmates managed by Prison Administration

(“écroués”)andnotonlythosewhoaredefactoheldinpenalinstitutions(“écrouésdétenus”). Points(a)and(b)–From13tolessthan16years. Points(a)to(c):Totalnumberofjuvenileoffendersis701.241outof701juvenilesareheldin

institutions for juvenile offenders (Etablissement Pour Mineurs [EPM]). The remaining 460juvenilesareheldinspecialunitsforjuveniles(Quartierspourmineurs[QM]).

Points(j),(k),and(l)–60yearsandover



GEORGIA Points(b)and(c):Undertheseheadingsareincluded78persons. Nevertheless,thenumberof

inmates aged less than 18 and held in institutions designed for juvenile offenders is 40 (seeTable1.1).Thedifferenceregardingthemissing57 inmateswasnotexplained. It is likely thatthese57personsareheldinregularprisonsforadults.

GERMANY Figuresareon31stMarch2013 insteadof1st September2013. Table2:areincludedsentencedprisonersandprisonersunderpreventivemeasures. Points(k)and(l)–70yearsandover. Pre‐trialdetainees–thedistributionavailableforthisgroupofdetaineesisasfollows:

o From14tolessthan18years–348o From18tolessthan21years–1,035o From21yearsandover–9,736.

GREECE Points(a),(b)and(c): From8 to 18 years, educationmeasures are applicable (articles 121,

122,126ofthePenalCode).Startingfromtheageof15,juvenilesmaybeappliedmeasuresthatcorrespondtothearticle127ofthePenalCode.

HUNGARY Points(b)and(c)–From14tolessthan18years Point(d)–From18tolessthan22years Point(e)–From22tolessthan25 Points(j),(k),and(l)–60yearsandover

IRELAND Point(c)–onlyboysuptotheageof17 andgirlsuptotheageof18aredetainedinchildren

detentionschools. Point(l):theoldestpersonwasaged90. Table2.1:ageofcriminalresponsibility is10.Children from10yearsmaybe triedunder the

criminal justicesystembutonlywherechargesofmurder,rapeorserioussexualassaultarise.Theymust accept responsibility for their criminal behaviour and itmust be proven that theyunderstandthattheiractionswereillegal.

ITALY Points (a), (b),and (c) –Data on persons less than 18 years of age are not available. These

categoriesof inmates areheld in especiallydesigned institutions for juvenile offenders,whicharemanagedbytheDepartmentofJuvenileJustice,undertheMinistryofJusticeandnotbytheItalianPenitentiaryAdministration.

Points(k)and(l)–70yearsandoverLATVIA

Figuresareon1stOctober2013 insteadof1st September2013. Table2:areincludedonlysentencedprisoners.Dataofpre‐trialdetaineesarenotavailable. Points(j),(k),and(l)–60yearsandover

LITHUANIA Figuresareon1stJuly2013insteadof1st September2013. Table2:areincludedonlysentencedprisoners.Dataofpre‐trialdetaineesarenotavailable. Points(b)and(c)–31outof86juvenilesarenotincludedinthebreakdownofTable2because,

atthereferencedate,thesejuvenileswerepre‐trialdetaineeswithoutafinalsentence. Points(e)and(f)–from21tolessthan30years Points(j),(k),and(l)–60yearsandover Table 2.1: “Criminal responsibility may be applied to a person, who at the moment of the

commitmentofacriminaloffencewasaged16.Nevertheless,apersonwhopriortocommittingacriminaloffencehas reached theageof14 shall be responsible formurder (art.129), causingheavyhealthdisturbances(“grievousbodilyharm”,art.135),rape(art.149and150),theft(art.178), robbery (art. 180), property extortion (art. 181), aggravated destruction or damage to



property(art.187,part2),seizureoffirearms,ammunition,explosivesorexplosivesubstances(art.254),theft,extortionorotherillegalseizureofdrugsorpsycho‐tropicsubstances(art.263),aggravateddamageofmeansoftransport,roadsorequipmenttherein(art.280,part2).”[art.13,parts1and2ofthePenalCodeoftheRepublicofLithuania].

LUXEMBOURG Point(b):Minorswhoareunderadecisiontakenwithrespecttothelawontheprotectionof

juvenilesareaswellhostedinthePenitentiaryCentreofLuxembourg.MOLDOVA

Table2:are includedonlysentenced prisoners.Pre‐trialdetaineesarenotcounted; insofarnospecialdataareavailable.

Points(e)and(f):from21tolessthan30years Points(j),(k),and(l)–60yearsandover

THENETHERLANDS Table 2: included only inmates held in adult penal institutions and those under Electronic

Monitoring,withoutjuvenileoffenders,peopleincustodialclinicsandillegalaliens. Point(l):theoldestpersonwasaged85. Table 2.1: The age of criminal responsibility is 12. From 12 until 18 years, people can be

detainedinspecialinstitutionsforjuveniles.NORWAY

Points(k),and(l)–70yearsandover Table2.1: There are no juvenile courts in Norway, nor is there special legislation for young

offendersovertheageof15.TheGeneralPenalCodemakeshoweversomespecialprovisionsforthosebetweentheageof15and18.

POLAND Figuresareon31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Breakdownbyageincludessentencedprisonersandpre‐trialdetainees.Dataonfinedefaultersis

notavailable.o Point(b)–From15tolessthan17(1person)o Point(c)–From17tolessthan19(303persons)o Point(d)–From19tolessthan22(3,913persons)o Point(e)–From22tolessthan25years(7,862persons)o Point(f)–From25tolessthan31years(18,340persons)o Point(g)–From31tolessthan40years(21,743persons).o Point(h)–From40tolessthan49years(13,191persons).o Point(i)–From49tolessthan61years(10,730persons)o Points(j)–From61tolessthan67years(1,619persons)o Points(k)and(l)–67yearsandover(482persons)

PORTUGAL Figuresareon31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Points(a)and(b)–Juvenilesheld ineducationalcentresmanagedbytheDirecçãoGeneralde

ReinserçãoSocialarenotincludedinthisreport. Point(c):53outof63juvenileoffendersareheldinspecialunitsofadultprisons.Accordingto

the provisions of the Law nr. 115 from 12 October 2009, which completes the Code on theExecution of custodial sentences and measures, the prison facilities may include unitsdifferentiatedaccordingtothelegalstatusofinmates,theirssex,age,physicalandmentalhealthsituation,aswellasothercriteria.Accordingtotheart.9.2,thereareunitsspecificallydesignedforenforcementofcustodialsentencesandmeasuresappliedtoyoungoffendersupto21yearsor‐undercertaincircumstances‐upto25years.Accordingtothecriminallaw,onlythoseagedlessthan16areconsideredasminors.Thus,strictosensu,therearenominorsheldinprisons.

Points(j),(k),and(l)–60yearsandover Table2.1:Personsagedfrom16to less than21yearsareyoungadultsandaretriedundera

speciallawwhichisspecifictothem.



ROMANIA Points(b)and(c):96outof497 juvenilesareheldinprisonsforadultsbeingatthedisposalof

judicialauthorities(prosecution)orbeingplacedinprisonhospitals. Points(e)and(f)–From21tolessthan31years Point(g):from31to40years Point(h):from41to50years Point(i):from51tolessthan60years Points(j),(k),and(l)–60yearsandover

RUSSIANFEDERATION Table2:are includedonlysentenced prisoners.Pre‐trialdetaineesarenotcounted; insofarno

specialdataareavailable. InputsprovidedinTable2haveanotherreferencedatecomparedtotheonesusedinprevious

tables.Therefore,somedifferencesmaybeobservedwhilecomparingthesedatatootherfiguresprovidedinthisreport.

Points(k),and(l)–70yearsandoverSERBIA

Table2: are included only sentenced prisoners. The accurate breakdown ismissing for 2,585inmates: pre‐trial detainees, people under treatment measures, people under educationalmeasureandpersonsconvictedofmisdemeanour.

Points(f)and(g)–From27tolessthan40years Points(k),and(l)–70yearsandover

SLOVAKREPUBLIC Points(b)and(c):26outof90 juvenileoffenders(includedinthegeneralbreakdown)areheld

inregularfacilitiesforadultinmates.SLOVENIA

Points(b)and(c):2outof11 juvenileswereheldinregularpenalinstitutionsforadults.SPAIN(TOTAL)

On 1st January 2012 came into force the reform regarding the methodological changes thatconsistintheuseofpenitentiaryinformationsystemasanofficialsourceofdatafortheGeneralSecretariatofPenitentiaryInstitutions.Thisreformledtotheunificationofthedatacollectionatthenationallevel.

SPAIN(CATALONIA) Point(l)–theoldestpersonwasaged85 years Table2.1:TheCriminalCodeappliestopersonsaged18andover.Between14and17yearsthe

LawontheJuveniles’responsibility is applied. Persons under 14 years are not tried under thecriminaljusticesystem.

SWEDEN Figuresareon1stOctober2013 insteadof1st September2013. Table2:areincludedonlysentencedprisoners. Points(j),(k)and(l)–60yearsandover

SWITZERLAND Figuresareon4thSeptember2013 insteadof1st September2013. Points(a),(b)and(c):30personsagedlessthan18.Generally,thesepersonsareheldtogether

withyoungadults.ThemajorityofpersonssentencedundertheJuvenileCriminalLawareheldin3closedcentresPramont,UitikonandArxhof.Anotherpartofjuvenilesandyoungadultsareheldinspecialunitsforeseenfortheminregularprisons.


Points(b)and(c):Thereare25 personsthatareinpre‐trialdetention.ThesejuvenilesarenotincludedinTable1.1,becausethereisnospecialinstitutionforpre‐trialdetentionforjuveniles.Theyareheldinadultprisonsbutseparatedfromadults.



TURKEY Table2:Thereisaslightdifference(75persons)betweenthesumofthedistributionpresented

inTable2andthetotalprisonpopulationincludedinTable1.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

Figuresareon30thJune2013insteadof1st September2013. Table2: The figures formost of the age categories (18‐60 years) are published (Table 1.3 of

OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(October‐December2013)QuarterlyTables). Point(l)–80yearsandover(theoldestpersonwasaged90).

UK:SCOTLAND Table 2: figures are based on the weekly reports. These figures do not include the age

breakdownforrecalledlifeprisoners(81)andprisonersawaitingdeportation(4). Points(a),(b)and(c):under18years:72persons Point(d):18‐20years:498persons 21andover:7,273persons Table2.1:Theageoflegalresponsibility inScotland is8.However,childrenbetween8and12

cannotbeprosecutedincriminalcourtsbutmustbereferredtothechildren'shearingsystem.Childrenaged12ormorecanbeprosecutedinthecriminalcourtsforparticularlyseriouscases.Themajority of offenders under the age of 16 are currently dealtwith through the children'shearings system rather than the criminal courts. The hearings system also deals with someyoung people aged 16 and 17. Offenders aged 18 and above are dealtwith through the adultcriminaljusticesystem,butprisonersunder21areheldinseparateaccommodation.Offendersunder 16 may be held in secure residential accommodation on offence grounds but are notincludedinthesefigures.Moreinformationisavailableathttp://dera.ioe.ac.uk/10457/1/SB11‐53.pdf



TABLE 2.2.A: MINORS AND PERSONS BETWEEN 18 AND 21 OF AGE ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013

Reference: Council of Europe, SPACE I 2013.2.2.a

Country

Totalnumberofinmates(incl.pre‐trial

detainees)

Custodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

Educationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenile

offenders

Numberofinmates

under18yearsold

Numberofinmatesfrom

18tolessthan21years

old

%ofinmatesunder18

yearsold

%ofinmatesfrom

18

tolessthan21years

old

Incl.(Yes)/Excl.(No)

Howmany?

Ofwhichaged18andover

Incl.(Yes)/Excl.(No)

Howmany?

Ofwhichaged18andover

Albania 4998 Yes 107 0 NAP *** *** 107 438 2.1 8.8

Andorra 47 NAP *** *** NAP *** *** 0 1 0.0 2.1

Armenia 4698 Yes 27 9 NAP *** *** 18 598 0.4 [12.7]

Austria 8831 Yes 108 0 No *** *** 108 411 1.2 4.7

Azerbaijan [16765] Yes 30 0 No *** *** 30 NA 0.2 NA

Belgium 12697 Yes 99 49 No *** *** 72 464 0.6 3.7

BH:BiH(st.level) 17 NAP *** *** NAP *** *** 0 0 0.0 0.0

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska [907] Yes 12 10 NAP *** *** 1 26 0.1 2.9

Bulgaria [8060] Yes 77 57 No *** *** 47 269 0.6 3.3

Croatia 4352 Yes 83 47 No *** *** 36 121 0.8 2.8

Cyprus [592] Yes 22 17 NAP *** *** 5 17 0.8 2.9

CzechRep. 16266 Yes 110 44 NAP *** *** 66 464 0.4 2.9

Denmark 4091 No *** *** NAP *** *** 12 394 0.3 9.6

Estonia 3256 Yes 104 64 No *** *** 40 131 1.2 4.0

Finland 3126 NAP *** *** No *** *** 6 71 0.2 2.3

France 78363 Yes 245 4 No *** *** 701 5446 0.9 6.9

Georgia 8868 Yes 21 0 Yes 19 0 78 648 0.9 7.3

Germany 67681 Yes 6617 5754 No *** *** 515 2723 1.3 5.6

Greece 13238 Yes 673 166 Yes NA 5 502 NA 3.8 NA

Hungary 18313 No *** *** No *** *** 162 1465 0.9 8.0

Iceland 152 NAP *** *** NAP *** *** 2 5 1.3 3.3

Ireland 4065 Yes 47 0 NAP *** *** 47 242 1.2 6.0

Italy 64835 No *** *** NAP *** *** 0 1051 0.0 1.6

Latvia [3687] Yes 45 10 No *** *** 21 138 0.6 3.7

Liechtenstein 9 No *** *** No *** *** 0 0 0.0 0.0

Lithuania [8180] Yes 183 97 No *** *** 55 549 0.7 6.7

Luxembourg 717 Yes 5 4 NAP *** *** 1 39 0.1 5.4

Malta 577 Yes 21 17 NAP *** *** 4 12 0.7 2.1

Moldova [5487] Yes 45 22 No *** *** 23 302 0.4 5.5

Monaco 29 Yes 3 0 NAP *** *** 3 1 10.3 3.4

Montenegro 1142 Yes NA NA No *** *** 6 27 0.5 2.4

Netherlands 10547 No *** *** No *** *** 0 643 0.0 6.1

Norway 3649 NAP *** *** NAP *** *** 4 132 0.1 3.6

Poland 78994 NAP *** *** NAP *** *** 304 3913 0.4 5.0

Portugal 14284 Yes 243 233 NAP *** *** 63 239 0.4 1.7

Romania 33122 Yes 2126 1 879 Yes 156 2 497 1647 1.5 5.0

RussianFed. [564830] Yes 2293 218 No *** *** 1754 9254 0.3 1.6

SanMarino 2 NAP *** *** NAP *** *** 0 0 0.0 0.0

Serbia [7446] Yes 239 162 No *** *** 77 129 1.0 1.7

SlovakRep. 10152 Yes 64 NA No *** *** 90 344 0.9 3.4

Slovenia 1360 Yes 2 0 Yes 24 17 11 32 0.8 2.4

Spain(total) 68099 No *** *** No *** *** 0 902 0.0 1.3

Spain(St.Adm.) 58089 No *** *** No *** *** 0 656 0.0 1.1

Spain(Catalonia) 10010 No *** *** No *** *** 0 246 0.0 2.5

Sweden [4377] No *** *** No *** *** 1 120 0.0 2.7

Switzerland 7072 Yes 177 175 Yes 22 14 30 NA 0.4 NA

FYROMacedonia 2846 Yes 52 52 No *** *** 25 384 0.9 13.5

Turkey 136147 Yes 1851 79 Yes 96 0 1868 7162 1.4 5.3

Ukraine

UK:Engl.&Wales 83842 Yes 866 0 NAP *** *** 866 6272 1.0 7.5

UK:North.Ireland 1822 Yes 28 0 No *** *** 28 126 1.5 6.9

UK:Scotland 7928 Yes 571 501 No *** *** 72 498 0.9 6.3

Mean 0.9 4.4

Median 0.6 3.6

Minimum 0.0 0.0

Maximum 10.3 13.5



TABLE 2.2.B: DISTRIBUTION OF MINORS BY SEX ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013

Reference: Council of Europe, SPACE I 2013.2.2.b

Country

Minors(agedless

than18)

Numberof

femalesagedlessthan18

%offemalesamongminors

Numberoffemaleinmates(incl.pre‐trial

detainees)

%ofminorsamongfemaleinmates

Numberofmalesagedlessthan18

%ofmalesamongminors

Numberofmale

inmates(incl.pre‐trial

detainees)

%ofminorsamongmale

inmates

Albania 107 0 0.0 89 0.0 107 100.0 4909 2.2

Andorra 0 0 0.0 6 0.0 0 0.0 41 0.0

Armenia 18 1 5.6 210 0.5 17 94.4 4488 0.4

Austria 108 7 6.5 559 1.3 101 93.5 8272 1.2

Azerbaijan 30 0 0.0 546 0.0 30 100.0 19781 0.2

Belgium 72 4 5.6 539 0.7 68 94.4 12158 0.6

BH:BiH(st.level) 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 17 0.0

BH:Fed.BiHBH:Rep.Srpska 2 0 0.0 17 0.0 2 100.0 986 0.2

Bulgaria 58 1 1.7 264 0.4 57 98.3 8570 0.7

Croatia 36 0 0.0 194 0.0 36 100.0 4158 0.9

Cyprus 5 1 20.0 45 2.2 4 80.0 547 0.7

CzechRep. 66 3 4.5 914 0.3 63 95.5 15352 0.4

Denmark 12 0 0.0 189 0.0 12 100.0 3902 0.3

Estonia 40 1 2.5 164 0.6 39 97.5 3092 1.3

Finland 6 0 0.0 229 0.0 6 100.0 2897 0.2

France 701 29 4.1 2724 1.1 672 95.9 75639 0.9

Georgia 78 0 0.0 295 0.0 NA NA 8573 NA

Germany 863 48 5.6 3839 1.3 815 94.4 63842 1.3

Greece 502 12 2.4 689 1.7 490 97.6 12549 3.9

Hungary 162 NA NA 1382 NA NA NA 16931 NA

Iceland 2 0 0.0 5 0.0 2 100.0 147 1.4

Ireland 47 2 4.3 161 1.2 45 95.7 3904 1.2

Italy 0 NA NA 2834 NA NA NA 62001 NA

Latvia 35 3 8.6 351 0.9 32 91.4 4854 0.7

Liechtenstein 0 0 0.0 2 0.0 0 0.0 7 0.0

Lithuania 95 4 4.2 438 0.9 91 95.8 9183 1.0

Luxembourg 1 0 0.0 33 0.0 1 100.0 684 0.1

Malta 4 1 25.0 42 2.4 3 75.0 535 0.6

Moldova 70 2 2.9 422 0.5 68 97.1 6244 1.1

Monaco 3 2 66.7 7 28.6 1 33.3 22 4.5

Montenegro 6 0 0.0 26 0.0 6 100.0 1116 0.5

Netherlands 0 0 0.0 568 0.0 0 0.0 9979 0.0

Norway 4 0 0.0 187 0.0 4 100.0 3462 0.1

Poland 304 NA NA 2636 NA NA NA 76358 NA

Portugal 63 0 0.0 853 0.0 63 100.0 13431 0.5

Romania 497 20 4.0 1504 1.3 477 96.0 31618 1.5

RussianFed. 1754 NA NA 56281 NA NA NA 621940 NA

SanMarino 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0

Serbia 77 6 7.8 414 1.4 71 92.2 9617 0.7

SlovakRep. 90 5 5.6 629 0.8 85 94.4 9523 0.9

Slovenia 11 0 0.0 64 0.0 11 100.0 1296 0.8

Spain(total) 0 0 0.0 5180 0.0 0 0.0 62919 0.0

Spain(StateAdm.) 0 0 0.0 4507 0.0 0 0.0 53582 0.0

Spain(Catalonia) 0 0 0.0 673 0.0 0 0.0 9337 0.0

Sweden 11 0 0.0 341 0.0 11 100.0 5527 0.2

Switzerland 30 3 10.0 370 0.8 27 90.0 6702 0.4

theFYROMacedonia 25 0 0.0 85 0.0 25 100.0 2761 0.9

Turkey 1868 45 2.4 4948 0.9 1823 97.6 131199 1.4

UkraineUK:Engl.&Wales 866 8 0.9 3853 0.2 858 99.1 79989 1.1

UK:North.Ireland 28 2 7.1 64 3.1 26 92.9 1758 1.5

UK:Scotland 72 3 4.2 460 0.7 69 95.8 7383 0.9

Mean 4.6 1.2 79.7 0.8

Median 1.3 0.3 95.8 0.7

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Maximum 66.7 28.6 100.0 4.5



NOTES – TABLES 2.2.A AND 2.2.B

Data provided in Table2.2.a should be considered cautiously as the percentages could not always becalculatedonthebasisofthetotalnumberofprisoners.

The following countries provided the age breakdown for sentenced prisoners only: Azerbaijan, BH:RepublikaSrpska,Bulgaria,Latvia,Lithuania,Moldova,RussianFederation,andSweden.Forthesecountries, figures used in the first column of Table 2.2.a (Totalnumberof inmates) correspond to thesentencedprisonersonly,andthepercentagesarecalculatedonthebasisofthatfigures.

Itwasimpossibletocalculatethepercentagesofinmatesaged18tolessthan21forAzerbaijan,Greece,andSwitzerlandbecausethesecountriesdidnotprovidethebreakdownforthisgroupofage(seenotesbelow).Thepercentageofinmatesaged18tolessthan21forArmeniadoesactuallycorrespondtotheresult including persons aged between 18 to less than 25. For another three countries (Bulgaria,Hungary&Poland)theagerangesareaswellslightlydifferentfromthemaincategory(“Prisonersfrom18 to less than21 yearsold”). ForHungary the range is from18 to less than22, and forBulgaria andPolandtherangeisfrom19tolessthan22.

In Table 2.2.b we included the total number of minors in the distribution (pre‐trials and sentencedinmates).Suchadjustmentswerepossiblewiththeadditionalaccurateinformationmadeavailableinthecomments by:BH:RepublikaSrpska,Bulgaria,Germany,Latvia,Lithuania,Moldova, and Sweden.Therefore, for these countries the total number ofminorsdoesnotmatchwith the figuresprovided inTable2(onlysentencedinmatesmadevisible).

AUSTRIA Table2.2.b:Fromthedistributionwereexcludedfourchildrenthatareheldincustodytogetherwiththeir

incarceratedmothers.Those,thereareonegirlandthreeboysthatwerededucedfromthecalculationoftheminorinmates.

CYPRUS As the breakdown is available for inmates held in theprison institution, figures for those held in police

stationswereexcludedfromthecalculationsforTable2.2.aTherefore,thetotalof592personsisprovidedin the first columnof the table.Thesame totalprisonpopulationwasused for thecalculationsmade forTable2.2.b.

GEORGIA The informationprovidedon theminormale inmateswasunreliable.Therefore,wedeleted these inputs

fromthereport.GERMANY

The totalnumber of prisoners under18 years is863, ofwhich348 arepre‐trial detainees, and515 aresentencedprisoners.Consequentially,thepercentagesinTable2.2.aandTable2.2.bwerecalculatedonthebasisofthewholepopulationinpenalinstitutions(incl.pre‐trials).

The totalnumber of prisoners between18 and less than21 years is3,758, ofwhich1,035 arepre‐trialdetainees, and 2,723 are sentenced prisoners. Consequentially, the percentages were calculated on thebasisofthewholepopulationinpenalinstitutions(incl.pre‐trials).

THENETHERLANDS FigurespresentedinTables2.2.aand2.2.bconcernonlythepopulationheldinpenalinstitutions,without

juvenileoffenders,peopleincustodialclinics,andadministrativealiens. Asthenumberofpersonsagedlessthan18yearsandbetween18andlessthan21yearsisknownforthe

institutionsforjuvenileoffenders,thepercentagecanberecalculatedatthelevelofthepopulationheldinpenal institutions (10,547) and institutionsfor juvenileoffenders (537). Nevertheless, this figure does notrepresentanofficialinputanditisincludedhereonlyforinformation.Therecalculatedpercentagesareasfollows:

o Percentageofinmatesunder18years=1.7%o Percentageofinmatesfrom18tolessthan21years=8.9%

In Italy, Portugal, and Spain juvenile offenders are managed by other authorities than the PrisonAdministration. In Cyprus, Norway, and Sweden, the definition of juvenile offender and the specialregimeappliedtothiscategoryofoffendershavesomeparticularitieswhichshouldbetakenintoaccountwhendoingcross‐sectionalcomparisons(seepreviousnotes).



13 out of 47 entities presented in Table2.3 donotincludepersonsheldincustodialinstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersinthecalculationofmeanandmedianages:Denmark,Finland,Hungary,Iceland,Italy,Liechtenstein,theNetherlands,Norway,Poland,SanMarino,Spain(St.level),Spain (Catalonia),andSweden. For 8 entities,the calculations of the mean and median weremadebytheauthorsofthereportonthebasisofraw data provided by national correspondents:BH: Rep. Srpska, Hungary, Montenegro,RussianFederation,Serbia,SlovakRepublic,Slovenia, and Spain. For Germany, Latvia,Lithuania, and Sweden the mean and themedian ages are calculated only for sentencedprisoners. Finally, mean andmedian values forCyprus are based on population held in prison(withoutpersonsheldinpolicestations).

Ireland: Themean (average) age of populationinchildrendetentionschoolsis15.91years(notincludedinfigureofTable2.3).Themedianageofpopulation inchildrendetentionschoolswas15.5years(notincludedinfigureofTable2.3).

FIGURE 2: COUNTRIES WITH THE

YOUNGEST (LESS THAN 34 YEARS) PRISON

POPULATION CLASSIFIED BY DECREASING

MEDIAN AGE

TABLE 2.3: AVERAGE AND MEDIAN AGES

OF THE PRISON POPULATION ON 1ST

SEPTEMBER 2013


CountryAverageageoftheprisonpop.

Medianageoftheprisonpop.

Albania 33 25

Andorra 38 40

Armenia NA NA

Austria 35.5 34

Azerbaijan 37 NA

Belgium 35.9 34

BH:BiH(st.level) 40.1 43

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 35.27 36.96

Bulgaria NA NA

Croatia 36.25 35.79

Cyprus 36.7 35

CzechRep. 36.53 35

Denmark 33 31

Estonia 36 34

Finland 37.5 35.6

France 34 31.6

Georgia 25 34

Germany 35.8 33.7

Greece NA NA

Hungary 35.82 33.94

Iceland 33 31

Ireland 33 31

Italy 39 38

Latvia 34 33

Liechtenstein 49 46

Lithuania 33.8 30.7

Luxembourg 35.81 33.57

Malta 38 37

Moldova 32.6 32.7

Monaco 26 27

Montenegro 33.96 34.95

Netherlands 35 33

Norway 35.8 34

Poland 34.13 32

Portugal 37.8 35.9

Romania 34.7 32

RussianFed. 36.23 34.42

SanMarino 53 53

Serbia 40.73 36.39

SlovakRep. 34.86 36.07

Slovenia 34.34 40.84

Spain(total) 37.58 37

Spain(StateAdm.) 38.6 37.57

Spain(Catalonia) 37.1 36

Sweden 37 35

Switzerland NA NA

theFYROMacedonia 31.19 32

Turkey 34.6 NA

Ukraine

UK:Engl.&Wales 34 32

UK:North.Ireland 34 31

UK:Scotland NA NA

Mean 35.8 34.9

Median 35.8 34.0

Minimum 25.0 25.0

Maximum 53.0 53.0

25

27

31

31

31

31

31

32

32

32

32

32

33

33

33

34

34

34

0 10 20 30 40

Albania

Monaco

Lithuania

Denmark

Iceland

Ireland

UK:North.Ireland

France

Poland

Romania

theFYROMacedonia

UK:Engl.&Wales

Moldova

Latvia

Netherlands

Luxembourg

Germany

Hungary

Strasb

MA

OnththefiapplicbetweSweddetail

ThiscompprisoMoreforjuthan1

SinceTherereporfor jupriso

Finall11,05

bourg, 15 Decem

AP 2: AGE O

heMap2,werstcolumnocation of cueenthesetwoden,Switzerlalsseethenot

map must bparableacrosn populationover,someouvenileoffend18yearsisni

2010 surveefore theirpert(seethenouvenile offendnpopulation

ly, in France53persons(1

mber 2014, pc‐c

F CRIMINAL

Y

presentedthfTable2.1.Gstodial sanctoagesintheand,theFYROtestoTable2

be interpretsscountries.n, calculationofthecountridersintheirilorclosetoz

ey, theNethercentageonotestoTablesders. If person,thenjuvenil

e, the total n14.1%)outof

cp\space\docum

L RESPONSI

YEARS OF AG

heageofcrimGenerally,thetions and mfollowingcouOMMacedoni2.1.

ted cautiouslThus, forcouns are basediesincludediprisonpopulzero.

erlands excln thismap iss1.1and2.2)onsheld in iles(i.e.perso

number of pf78,363“écro

ments\pc‐cp (20

BILITY AND

GE IN EURO

minalresponeageofcrimimeasures (coluntries:Belgia,Ukraine,U

ly as the cauntries thatdd on the avintheMap(elation.Asac

lude juvenilenil.Accordintherewere1institutions fonsunder18

prisoners coroués”arenot

014) 11

D PERCENTA

OPEAN COU

nsibilitywhicinalresponsiblumn two, Tium,France,UK:Englanda

ategories incdidnotprovvailable datae.g.Italy)doonsequence,

es from theng to theadd189personsufor juvenile oyearsold)re

rresponds totdefactoheld

Council

AGES OF INM

NTRIES

Reference: Cou

chcorrespondbilitymatcheTable 2.1). YeGreece,MontandWalesan

cluded in itide theageb(e.g. only onotcountpetheirpercen

total prisonditional inforunder18yeaoffenders areepresent1.7%

the numberdinsidepena

of Europe Annua

PC‐

MATES LESS

uncil of Europe, S

dstotheoneestheminimaet, there aretenegro,PolandUK:Scotla

are not alwbreakdown foon sentencedersonsheldinntageofinma

populationrmationcollearsoldheldine added to th%ofthatcalcu

r of “écrouéalinstitutions

al Penal Statistics

‐CP (2014) 11

S THAN 18

SPACE I 2013.m.2

eincludedinalageforthee differencesand,Slovenia,nd.Formore

ways strictlyor thewholed prisoners).ninstitutionsatesagedless

for SPACE I.ected for thisninstitutionshe total adultulatedtotal.

s”. However,s.

s 83

2

nes,e

ye.ss

.sst

,



TABLE 3.1: FEMALE INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013


Country


Numberoffemaleinmates

%offemalesinthetotal

numberof

inmates

Numberof

foreignfemales

%offoreignfemalesinthenumberoffemaleinmates

Numberoffemalepre‐trialdetainees

%ofpre‐trialfemale

detaineesinthenumberoffemaleinmates

Numberof

femalesagedless

than18

%offemalesaged<18inthenumberoffemaleinmates

Albania 4998 89 1.8 1 1.1 33 37.1 0 0.0Andorra 47 6 12.8 5 83.3 5 83.3 0 0.0Armenia 4698 210 4.5 NA NA 44 21.0 1 0.5Austria 8831 559 6.3 239 42.8 126 22.5 8 1.4Azerbaijan 20327 546 2.7 21 3.8 126 23.1 0 0.0Belgium 12697 539 4.2 181 33.6 179 33.2 4 0.7BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) 17 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1003 17 1.7 2 11.8 5 29.4 0 0.0Bulgaria 8834 264 3.0 7 2.7 25 9.5 1 0.4Croatia 4352 194 4.5 9 4.6 7 3.6 0 0.0Cyprus 592 45 7.6 31 68.9 15 33.3 1 2.2CzechRep. 16266 914 5.6 102 11.2 151 16.5 3 0.3Denmark 4091 189 4.6 56 29.6 85 45.0 0 0.0Estonia 3256 164 5.0 12 7.3 40 24.4 1 0.6Finland 3126 229 7.3 28 12.2 45 19.7 0 0.0France 78363 2724 3.5 642 23.6 698 25.6 29 1.1Georgia 8868 295 3.3 10 3.4 10 3.4 0 0.0Germany 67681 3839 5.7 972 25.3 655 17.1 48 1.3Greece 13238 689 5.2 292 42.4 195 28.3 12 1.7Hungary 18313 1382 7.5 47 3.4 NA NA NA NAIceland 152 5 3.3 2 40.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Ireland 4065 161 4.0 32 19.9 39 24.2 2 1.2Italy 64835 2834 4.4 1118 39.4 1061 37.4 NA NALatvia 5205 351 6.7 4 1.1 97 27.6 3 0.9Liechtenstein 9 2 22.2 2 100.0 1 50.0 0 0.0Lithuania 9621 438 4.6 3 0.7 64 14.6 4 0.9Luxembourg 717 33 4.6 24 72.7 13 39.4 0 0.0Malta 577 42 7.3 17 40.5 11 26.2 1 2.4Moldova 6666 422 6.3 0 0.0 117 27.7 2 0.5Monaco 29 7 24.1 7 100.0 6 85.7 2 28.6Montenegro 1142 26 2.3 7 26.9 12 46.2 0 0.0Netherlands 10547 568 5.4 141 24.8 261 46.0 0 0.0Norway 3649 187 5.1 85 45.5 33 17.6 0 0.0Poland 78994 2636 3.3 22 0.8 331 12.6 NA NAPortugal 14284 853 6.0 205 24.0 256 30.0 0 0.0Romania 33122 1504 4.5 8 0.5 219 14.6 20 1.3RussianFed. 679329 56281 8.3 NA NA NA NA NA NASanMarino 2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Serbia 10031 414 4.1 11 2.7 70 16.9 6 1.4SlovakRep. 10152 629 6.2 6 1.0 73 11.6 5 0.8Slovenia 1360 64 4.7 9 14.1 10 15.6 0 0.0Spain(total) 68099 5180 7.6 1669 32.2 860 16.6 0 0.0Spain(StateAdm.) 58089 4507 7.8 1401 31.1 726 16.1 0 0.0Spain(Catalonia) 10010 673 6.7 268 39.8 134 19.9 0 0.0Sweden 5868 341 5.8 NA NA 98 28.7 0 0.0Switzerland 7072 370 5.2 NA NA 113 30.5 3 0.8theFYROMacedonia 2846 85 3.0 3 3.5 1 1.2 0 0.0Turkey 136147 4948 3.6 336 6.8 1336 27.0 45 0.9Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 83842 3853 4.6 581 15.1 451 11.7 8 0.2UK:North.Ireland 1822 64 3.5 6 9.4 22 34.4 2 3.1UK:Scotland 7928 460 5.8 12 2.6 120 26.1 3 0.7Mean 5.6 23.3 25.3 1.2Median 4.7 13.1 24.3 0.3Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 24.1 100.0 85.7 28.6



NOTES – TABLE 3.1

AUSTRIA Numberoffemalesagedlessthan18: Thisfigureincludesonechild heldincustodytogether

withhisincarceratedmother.ThissituationcorrespondstothecountingrulesappliedbythePrisonAdministration.

BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(STATELEVEL) Intheuniquefacilityforpre‐trialdetentionwhichexistsattheStatelevelareheldonlymale

inmates.Therefore,thenilvaluesarepresentedintheTableandareconsideredasreliable.BULGARIA

Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013. ThebreakdownforinmatesheldinIDFisnotavailable;theyarenotincludedinTable3.1. Dataonpre‐trialjuvenilesisincludedinthedistributionofTable3.1.

CROATIA Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013.

CYPRUS Figurespresented inTable3.1 arebasedona totalof592 inmates held inPrison institution

(for219personsheldinpolicestationsthebreakdownbycategoriesofsexisnotavailable).CZECHREPUBLIC

Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013. PersonswithunknownnationalityarenotincludedasforeignersinTable3.1.

ESTONIA Thereare989inmatesconsideredas“stateless”persons.Thesepersonsarenotconsideredas

being foreigners in the breakdown by categories of sex. According to Estonian legislation, aforeigner is person, who has foreign state citizenship. Therefore, only inmates that have aforeignstatecitizenshipareincludedunderthisheading.

FRANCE Datarelateto1stOctober2013 insteadof1st September2013. The breakdown of female inmates is to be carried forward to the total number of inmates

whichhavethestatusof“écroués”andnotonlythosewhoare“écrouésdétenus”(defactoheldinpenalinstitutions).

GEORGIA Personswithunknownnationalityarenotincluded asforeignersinTable3.1.

GERMANY Datarelateto31stMarch2013 insteadof1st September2013. The breakdown inTable 3.1 is basedon the total number of female inmates (pre‐trials and

sentenced).ITALY

The Department of Penitentiary Administration is not responsible for minors, whoseresponsibilityisoftheDepartmentofJuvenileJustice,undertheMinistryofJustice.ThereforethesecategoriesofinmatesarenotincludedinTable3.1.

LATVIA Datarelateto1stOctober2013 insteadof1st September2013. Thebreakdownofjuvenileinmatesincludesboth,pre‐trialandsentenced.

LIECHTENSTEIN Thetotalnumberoffemalesatthe referencedate wastwofemales,ofwhichonefemaleinpre‐

traildetentionandonefemaleinErsatzfreiheit(underalternative).Bothwereforeigners.LITHUANIA

Datarelateto1stJuly2013insteadof1st September2013. Thebreakdownofjuvenileinmatesincludesboth,pre‐trialandsentenced. Onejuvenilefemalewasservinghersentenceinadultprisonforfemaleoffenders.



LUXEMBOURG FemaleinmatesareheldinaspecialsectionofthePenitentiaryCentreofLuxembourg.

MOLDOVA Thebreakdownofjuvenileinmatesincludes both,pre‐trialandsentenced.

THENETHERLANDS Figures included in Table 3 are part of the total number of inmates held in adult penal

institutionsandthosewhoareunderElectronicMonitoring.Areexcludedfromthebreakdownjuvenileoffenders,personsheldincustodialclinicsandillegalaliens.

InmateswithunknownnationalityarenotincludedasforeignersinTable3.1.POLAND

Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Thebreakdownofjuvenileinmatesincludesboth,pre‐trialandsentenced.

PORTUGAL Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013.

ROMANIA Stateless inmates and thosewithunknownnationality andarenot included as foreigners in

Table3.1.RUSSIANFEDERATION

Juveniles(pre‐trialandsentenced)arenotincludedinTable3.1. Totalnumberoffemalesincludes:

o a)10,013personsheldinpre‐trialinvestigationcells,pre‐trialdetentioncentresandpersonsservingsentencesinprisons;

o b)73,249personsregisteredatthecriminal‐executioninspections.SWEDEN

Datarelateto1stOctober2013insteadof1st September2013. 79femaleswhowereservingtheirprisonsentencesatthereferencedatewereforeigners.

SWITZERLAND Datarelateto4thSeptember2013insteadof1st September2013.

THEFYROMACEDONIA PersonswithunknownnationalityarenotincludedinTable3.1 asforeigners.

TURKEY PersonswithunknownnationalityarenotincludedinTable3.1 asforeigners.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALES Datarelateto30thJune2013insteadof1st September2013. PersonswithunknownnationalityarenotincludedinTable3.1asforeigners. Figures for Table 3.1 are taken from Table 1.1 (Quarterly Table) Offender Management

StatisticsQuarterly(October‐December2013)&Table1.8AnnualTable.UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

PersonswithunknownnationalityarenotincludedinTable3.1 asforeigners.UK:SCOTLAND

Pre‐trial detainees include convicted but not yet sentenced. Themanagement data does notprovidesexbreakdownsforthesegroupsofprisoners:recalledlifeprisoners(81)andpersonsawaitingdeportation(4)



TABLE 3.2: MALE INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013


Country


Numberofmaleinmates

%ofmaleinthetotalnumber

ofinmates

Numberof

foreignmales

%offoreignmalesinthe

numberofmaleinmates

Numberofmalepre‐trialdetainees

%ofpre‐trialmaledetaineesinthenumberofmaleinmates

Numberofmalesagedless

than18

%ofmalesaged<18inthenumberofmaleinmates

Albania 4998 4909 98.2 83 1.7 1975 40.2 107 2.2Andorra 47 41 87.2 30 73.2 23 56.1 0 0.0Armenia 4698 4488 95.5 NA NA 1052 23.4 17 0.4Austria 8831 8272 93.7 4083 49.4 1687 20.4 104 1.3Azerbaijan 20327 19781 97.3 591 3.0 3431 17.3 30 0.2Belgium 12697 12158 95.8 5250 43.2 3151 25.9 68 0.6BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) 17 17 100.0 7 41.2 17 100.0 0 0.0BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1003 986 98.3 27 2.7 91 9.2 2 0.2Bulgaria 8834 8570 97.0 246 2.9 206 2.4 57 0.7Croatia 4352 4158 95.5 266 6.4 125 3.0 36 0.9Cyprus 592 547 92.4 284 51.9 105 19.2 4 0.7CzechRep. 16266 15352 94.4 1336 8.7 2084 13.6 63 0.4Denmark 4091 3902 95.4 1042 26.7 1447 37.1 12 0.3Estonia 3256 3092 95.0 217 7.0 733 23.7 39 1.3Finland 3126 2897 92.7 437 15.1 540 18.6 6 0.2France 78363 75639 96.5 13748 18.2 16097 21.3 672 0.9Georgia 8868 8573 96.7 146 1.7 72 0.8 1 0.0Germany 67681 63842 94.3 18348 28.7 5090 8.0 815 1.3Greece 13238 12549 94.8 7701 61.4 2909 23.2 490 3.9Hungary 18313 16931 92.5 594 3.5 NA NA NA NAIceland 152 147 96.7 22 15.0 13 8.8 2 1.4Ireland 4065 3904 96.0 527 13.5 548 14.0 45 1.2Italy 64835 62001 95.6 21760 35.1 22999 37.1 NA NALatvia 5205 4854 93.3 62 1.3 1421 29.3 32 0.7Liechtenstein 9 7 77.8 3 42.9 2 28.6 0 0.0Lithuania 9621 9183 95.4 172 1.9 1038 11.3 91 1.0Luxembourg 717 684 95.4 494 72.2 285 41.7 1 0.1Malta 577 535 92.7 205 38.3 76 14.2 3 0.6Moldova 6666 6244 93.7 59 0.9 1111 17.8 68 1.1Monaco 29 22 75.9 19 86.4 15 68.2 1 4.5Montenegro 1142 1116 97.7 163 14.6 324 29.0 6 0.5Netherlands 10547 9979 94.6 1999 20.0 4617 46.3 0 0.0Norway 3649 3462 94.9 1124 32.5 574 16.6 4 0.1Poland 78994 76358 96.7 499 0.7 6258 8.2 NA NAPortugal 14284 13431 94.0 2442 18.2 2334 17.4 63 0.5Romania 33122 31618 95.5 173 0.5 3401 10.8 477 1.5RussianFed. 679329 621940 91.6 NA NA NA NA NA NASanMarino 2 2 100.0 1 50.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Serbia 10031 9617 95.9 341 3.5 1824 19.0 71 0.7SlovakRep. 10152 9523 93.8 220 2.3 1215 12.8 85 0.9Slovenia 1360 1296 95.3 136 10.5 201 15.5 11 0.8Spain(total) 68099 62919 92.4 20177 32.1 9016 14.3 0 0.0Spain(StateAdm.) 58089 53582 92.2 15932 29.7 7460 13.9 0 0.0Spain(Catalonia) 10010 9337 93.3 4245 45.5 1556 16.7 0 0.0Sweden 5868 5527 94.2 NA NA 1491 27.0 11 0.2Switzerland 7072 6702 94.8 NA NA 1715 25.6 27 0.4theFYROMacedonia 2846 2761 97.0 85 3.1 27 1.0 25 0.9Turkey 136147 131199 96.4 1958 1.5 26750 20.4 1823 1.4Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 83842 79989 95.4 10205 12.8 7292 9.1 858 1.1UK:North.Ireland 1822 1758 96.5 123 7.0 506 28.8 26 1.5UK:Scotland 7928 7383 93.1 282 3.8 1389 18.8 69 0.9Mean 94.4 22.0 22.3 0.8Median 95.3 14.1 18.7 0.7Minimum 75.9 0.5 0.0 0.0Maximum 100.0 86.4 100.0 4.5



NOTES – TABLE 3.2

AUSTRIA Number of males aged less than 18: This figure includes three children held in custody

together with their incarcerated mothers. This situation corresponds to the counting rulesappliedbythePrisonAdministration.

BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(STATELEVEL) Intheuniquefacilityforpre‐trialdetentionwhichexistsattheStatelevelareheldonlymale

inmates.Therefore,thevaluespresentedintheTableandareconsideredasreliable.BULGARIA

Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. ThebreakdownforinmatesheldinIDFisnotavailable;theyarenotincludedinTable3.2. Dataonpre‐trialjuvenilesisincludedinthedistributionofTable3.2.

CROATIA Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013.

CYPRUS Figurespresented inTable3.2arebasedona totalof592 inmatesheld inPrison institution

(for219personsheldinpolicestationsthebreakdownbycategoriesofsexisnotavailable).CZECHREPUBLIC

Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. PersonswithunknownnationalityarenotincludedasforeignersinTable3.2.

ESTONIA Thereare989inmatesconsideredas“stateless”persons.Thesepersonsarenotconsideredas

being foreigners in the breakdown by categories of sex. According to Estonian legislation, aforeigner is person, who has foreign state citizenship. Therefore, only inmates that have aforeignstatecitizenshipareincludedunderthisheading.

FRANCE Datarelateto1stOctober2013insteadof1st September2013. Thebreakdownofmaleinmatesistobecarriedforwardtothetotalnumberofinmateswhich

have the statusof “écroués” andnotonly thosewhoare “écrouésdétenus” (defacto held inpenalinstitutions).

GEORGIA Personswithunknownnationalityarenotincluded asforeignersinTable3.2.

GERMANY Datarelateto31stMarch2013insteadof1st September2013. The breakdown in Table 3.2 is based on the total number of male inmates (pre‐trials and

sentenced).ITALY

The Department of Penitentiary Administration is not responsible for minors, whoseresponsibilityisoftheDepartmentofJuvenileJustice,undertheMinistryofJustice.ThereforethesecategoriesofinmatesarenotincludedinTable3.2.

LATVIA Datarelateto1stOctober2013insteadof1st September2013. Thebreakdownofjuvenileinmatesincludesboth,pre‐trialandsentenced.

LIECHTENSTEIN Thewholemaleprisonpopulationatthe referencedate wassevenpersons,ofwhich4persons

arecitizensofLiechtensteinand3foreigners(2inpre‐trialdetention).LITHUANIA

Datarelateto1stJuly2013insteadof1st September2013. Thebreakdownofjuvenileinmatesincludesboth,pre‐trialandsentenced. 8juvenilemaleswereheldinregularadultpre‐trialdetentionfacilities.



MOLDOVA Thebreakdownofjuvenileinmatesincludes both,pre‐trialandsentenced.

THENETHERLANDS Figures included in Table 3 are part of the total number of inmates held in adult penal


InmateswithunknownnationalityarenotincludedasforeignersinTable3.2.POLAND

Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013. Thebreakdownofjuvenileinmatesincludesboth,pre‐trialandsentenced.

PORTUGAL Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013.

ROMANIA Stateless inmates and thosewithunknownnationality andarenot included as foreigners in

Table3.2.RUSSIANFEDERATION

Juveniles(pre‐trialandsentenced)arenotincludedinTable3.2. Totalnumberofmaleinmatesincludes:

o a)104,428personsheldinpre‐trialinvestigationcells,pre‐trialdetentioncentresandpersonsservingsentencesinprisons;

o b)389,941personsregisteredatthecriminal‐executioninspections.SWEDEN

Datarelateto1stOctober2013 insteadof1st September2013. 1,304maleswhowereservingtheirprisonsentencesatthereferencedatewereforeigners.

SWITZERLAND Datarelateto4thSeptember2013 insteadof1st September2013.

THEFYROMACEDONIA

PersonswithunknownnationalityarenotincludedinTable3.2 asforeigners.TURKEY

PersonswithunknownnationalityarenotincludedinTable3.2 asforeigners.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

Datarelateto30thJune2013insteadof1st September2013. PersonswithunknownnationalityarenotincludedinTable3.2asforeigners. Figures for Table 3.2 are taken from Table 1.1 (Quarterly Table) Offender Management

StatisticsQuarterly(October‐December2013)&Table1.8AnnualTable.UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

PersonswithunknownnationalityarenotincludedinTable3.2 asforeigners.UK:SCOTLAND

Pre‐trial detainees include convicted but not yet sentenced. Themanagement data does notprovidesexbreakdownsforthesegroupsofprisoners:recalledlifeprisoners(81)andpersonsawaitingdeportation(4)



TABLE 4: FOREIGN INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013


Country


Totalnumberofforeigninmates

Adjustedtotalof

foreigners(includingunknown)

%offoreignersinthetotalnumberofinmates

Adjusted%of

foreigners(incl.

unknown)inthetotalnumberofinmates

Numberofforeignpre‐

trialdetainees

%offoreignpre‐

trialdetaineesinthenumberofforeigninmates

NumberofinmatescitizensofMember

StatesoftheEuropeanUnion

%oftheEUcitizensinthenumberofforeigninmates

Numberofforeigndetaineesagedlessthan18

%offoreignminorsinthenumberofforeigninmates

Numberofdetaineesforwhich

thenationalityisunknown

%ofdetaineesforwhich

thenationalityisunknownintotalprison

populationAlbania 4998 84 84 1.7 1.7 43 51.2 50 59.5 0 0.0 0 0.0Andorra 47 35 35 74.5 74.5 19 54.3 33 94.3 0 0.0 0 0.0Armenia 4698 147 147 3.1 3.1 NA NA 6 4.1 0 0.0 0 0.0Austria 8831 4255 4322 48.2 48.9 1206 28.3 1775 41.7 27 0.6 67 0.8Azerbaijan 20327 612 612 3.0 3.0 115 18.8 3 0.5 0 0.0 0 0.0Belgium 12697 5431 5443 42.8 42.9 2004 36.9 1589 29.3 36 0.7 12 0.1BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) 17 7 7 41.2 41.2 7 100.0 4 57.1 0 0.0 0 0.0BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1003 29 29 2.9 2.9 9 31.0 3 10.3 0 0.0 0 0.0Bulgaria 8834 253 253 2.9 2.9 31 12.3 NA NA 2 0.8 0 0.0Croatia 4352 275 275 6.3 6.3 132 48.0 45 16.4 0 0.0 0 0.0Cyprus 592 315 315 53.2 53.2 83 26.3 150 47.6 2 0.6 0 0.0CzechRep. 16266 1438 1444 8.8 8.9 537 37.3 630 43.8 2 0.1 6 0.0Denmark 4091 1065 1098 26.0 26.8 576 54.1 333 31.3 5 0.5 33 0.8Estonia 3256 229 1218 7.0 37.4 74 32.3 38 16.6 1 0.4 989 30.4Finland 3126 454 465 14.5 14.9 179 39.4 254 55.9 1 0.2 11 0.4France 78363 14219 14390 18.1 18.4 NA NA 3645 25.6 121 0.9 171 0.2Georgia 8868 156 157 1.8 1.8 82 52.6 NA NA 1 0.6 1 0.0Germany 67681 19320 19320 28.5 28.5 5488 28.4 7413 38.4 311 1.6 NA NAGreece 13238 7993 7993 60.4 60.4 1748 21.9 1027 12.8 0 0.0 0 0.0Hungary 18313 641 641 3.5 3.5 NA NA 263 41.0 1 0.2 0 0.0Iceland 152 23 24 15.1 15.8 0 0.0 18 78.3 1 4.3 1 0.7Ireland 4065 559 559 13.8 13.8 156 27.9 353 63.1 2 0.4 0 0.0Italy 64835 22862 22878 35.3 35.3 9860 43.1 4909 21.5 NA NA 16 0.0Latvia 5205 66 66 1.3 1.3 29 43.9 27 40.9 0 0.0 0 0.0Liechtenstein 9 5 5 55.6 55.6 2 40.0 4 80.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Lithuania 9621 175 175 1.8 1.8 92 52.6 27 15.4 3 1.7 NA NALuxembourg 717 518 518 72.2 72.2 258 49.8 108 20.8 0 0.0 0 0.0Malta 577 222 222 38.5 38.5 82 36.9 91 41.0 1 0.5 0 0.0Moldova 6666 59 59 0.9 0.9 0 0.0 13 22.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Monaco 29 26 26 89.7 89.7 21 80.8 18 69.2 2 7.7 0 0.0



Country


Totalnumberofforeigninmates

Adjustedtotalof

foreigners(includingunknown)

%offoreignersinthetotalnumberofinmates

Adjusted%of

foreigners(incl.

unknown)inthetotalnumberofinmates

Numberofforeignpre‐

trialdetainees

%offoreignpre‐

trialdetaineesinthenumberofforeigninmates

NumberofinmatescitizensofMember

StatesoftheEuropeanUnion

%oftheEUcitizensinthenumberofforeigninmates

Numberofforeigndetaineesagedlessthan18

%offoreignminorsinthenumberofforeigninmates

Numberofdetaineesforwhich

thenationalityisunknown

%ofdetaineesforwhich

thenationalityisunknownintotalprison

populationMontenegro 1142 170 170 14.9 14.9 116 68.2 9 5.3 0 0.0 0 0.0Netherlands 10547 2140 2321 20.3 22.0 1150 53.7 951 44.4 0 0.0 181 1.7Norway 3649 1200 1209 32.9 33.1 598 49.8 610 50.8 NA NA 9 0.2Poland 78994 512 521 0.6 0.7 220 43.0 209 40.8 NA NA 9 0.0Portugal 14284 2647 2647 18.5 18.5 828 31.3 583 22.0 12 0.5 0 0.0Romania 33122 181 185 0.5 0.6 41 22.7 62 34.3 1 0.6 4 0.0RussianFed. 681622 31297 31297 4.6 4.6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASanMarino 2 1 1 50.0 50.0 0 0.0 1 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Serbia 10031 352 352 3.5 3.5 154 43.8 68 19.3 0 0.0 0 0.0SlovakRep. 10152 226 226 2.2 2.2 93 41.2 106 46.9 NA NA 0 0.0Slovenia 1360 142 145 10.4 10.7 47 33.1 35 24.6 0 0.0 3 0.2Spain(total) 68099 21815 21846 32.0 32.1 5108 23.4 4822 22.1 0 0.0 31 0.0Spain(StateAdm.) 58089 17302 17333 29.8 29.8 4067 23.5 4133 23.9 0 0.0 31 0.1Spain(Catalonia) 10010 4513 4513 45.1 45.1 1041 23.1 689 15.3 0 0.0 0 0.0Sweden 4377 1321 1383 30.2 31.6 NA NA 492 37.2 NA NA 62 1.4Switzerland 7072 5258 5258 74.3 74.3 1715 32.6 NA NA 14 0.3 0 0.0theFYROMacedonia 2846 88 90 3.1 3.2 28 31.8 18 20.5 0 0.0 2 0.1Turkey 136147 2294 2434 1.7 1.8 1171 51.0 325 14.2 22 1.0 140 0.1Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 83842 10786 11663 12.9 13.9 1616 15.0 3998 37.1 88 0.8 877 1.0UK:North.Ireland 1822 129 131 7.1 7.2 82 63.6 68 52.7 0 0.0 2 0.1UK:Scotland 7928 291 294 3.7 3.7 NA NA 149 51.2 1 0.3 3 0.0Mean 22.8 23.5 38.1 37.4 0.6 0.8Median 14.1 14.9 37.1 37.2 0.1 0.0Minimum 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0Maximum 89.7 89.7 100.0 100.0 7.7 30.4



TABLE 4.A: ASYLUM SEEKERS AND ILLEGAL ALIENS HELD FOR ADMINISTARTIVE REASONS

AMONG FOREIGN INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013

Reference: Council of Europe, SPACE I 2013.4.a

Country


Totalnumberofforeigninmates(incl.pre‐trial

detainees)

Adjustednumberofforeigners(incl.

unknown)

Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldfor

administrativereasons(Table1.1)

Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldincentresespeciallydesignforthistypeofdetention

%Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldfor

administrativereasonsinthetotalnumberofinmates

%Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldfor

administrativereasonsinthenumberofforeigninmates

Belgium 12697 5431 5443 1 0 0.0 0.0

Ireland 4065 559 559 4 NAP 0.1 0.7

Switzerland 7072 5258 5258 375 NA 5.3 7.1

UK:Engl.&Wales 83842 10786 11663 1928 832 2.3 16.5

UK:North.Ireland 1822 129 131 2 0 0.1 1.5

Mean 1.6 5.2

Median 0.1 1.5

Minimum 0.0 0.0

Maximum 5.3 16.5

NOTES – TABLES 4 AND 4.A

Generalremark:ThequestionnaireSPACEI2013includedanitemonthenumberofforeigninmatesandasubsidiaryquestiononthenumberofthoseinmateswhowerecitizensoftheEuropeanUnion(EU).

Figuresonforeigninmatesweresometimesadjustedaccordinglytothenumberofinmatesforwhomthenationalitywasunrecordedorunknown.Unlessotherwisestated,forcomparativeneedsweassumedthatallinmateswithunknownnationalitywerenon‐nationals.

Table 4.a: There are five countries that, as a rule, include asylum seekers or illegal aliens held foradministrative reasons in the total number of foreign inmates: Belgium, Ireland, Switzerland, UK:EnglandandWales,andUK:NorthernIreland.Forallthesecountrieswecalculatedthepercentageofasylumseekersandillegalaliensheld foradministrativereasons inthetotalnumberof foreign inmatesandthepercentageoftheseinmatesinthetotalnumberofprisonpopulation.TherawdataarepresentedandexplainedinTable1.1.

Theasylumseekersrepresentinmedian1.5%oftheforeigninmates.Moreover,inthesesamecountriesthepartofasylumseekersamongthetotalprisonpopulationisinmedianof0.1%.

AUSTRIA Number of prisoners citizens ofMember States of theEuropeanUnion: 1,775 EU citizens, of

which605inpre‐trialdetention.BULGARIA

Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. The breakdown for inmates held in investigative detention facilities [IDF] is not available.

Therefore,theseinmateswerenotbeenincludedinthecalculationspresentedinTable4. Number of prisoners citizens of Member States of the European Union: these figures are

produced on the basis of residence registration rather than country of origin and/ornationality. Therefore, it is possible that some foreign citizens may have their registeredresidencyinBulgaria.

CROATIA Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Dataincludepersonssentencedforminoroffenses.

CYPRUS FiguresinTable4arebasedonatotalof592 inmates heldinPrisoninstitution(nobreakdown

bycategoriesisavailablefor219personsheldinpolicestations).



CZECHREPUBLIC Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013. Inmateswithunknownnationality:Statedfigure includes5statelessprisonersand1detainee

forwhichthenationalityisunknown.DENMARK

Inmateswithunknownnationality: 33personswithunknownandnotspecifiednationalities,ofwhich17arestateless.

ESTONIA DatapresentedinTable4usescitizenshipasdifferentiatorofforeignersandnationals. Persons with unknown/unrecorded nationality: there are 989 persons who do not have

citizenship (they are considered as “stateless” persons). Vast majority of inmates in thiscategoryleaveinEstoniabutwhodonothavethecitizenshipofthiscountry.

FRANCE Datarelateto1stOctober2013 insteadof1st September2013. The breakdown of foreign inmates is to be carried forward to the total number of inmates

whichhavethestatusof“écroués”andnotonlythosewhoare“écrouésdétenus”(defactoheldinpenalinstitutions).

GERMANY Datarelateto31stMarch2013 instead of1st September2013. Inmateswithunknown/unrecordednationalityareincludedamongforeigninmates,insofarno

specialdataavailable.LATVIA

Datarelateto1stOctober2013 insteadof1st September2013.LIECHTENSTEIN

Foreigninmatesaredistributedasfollowing:1personisSwiss,1formCzechRepublic, 1 fromSpain,and2fromGermany.TheinmatefromCzechRepublicwasinextradition,theSwissandtheSpanishinmateswereinpre‐traildetention,1Germanadministrativecase,and1Germansentenced.

LITHUANIA Datarelateto1stJuly2013insteadof1st September2013.

THENETHERLANDS ForeigninmatesincludedinTable4arepartofthetotalnumberofinmatesheldinadultpenal


Excluded from the total, the figure of illegal aliens held for administrative reasons is stillavailable:645persons.

POLAND Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013.

PORTUGAL Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013.

ROMANIA Personswith unknown/unrecorded nationality: there are 4 persons under this heading. All

theseinmatesarewithoutanynationality(i.e.statelesspersons).SPAIN(TOTAL)

Figures are calculated by the authors of this report on the basis of the data provided bynationalcorrespondents.Therefore, these figuresshouldnotbeconsideredasofficial inputs.FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofmeanandmedianEuropeanvalues.

SWEDEN Datarelateto1stOctober2013 insteadof1st September2013. Table4:Figuresareonlyforsentencedprisoners.Dataonpre‐traildetaineesarenotavailable.



Errata forSPACE I2010: Swedish counting system for pre‐trial detaineesdoesnot includeinformationonthenationality.ThisinformationwasnotavailableintheSPACEI2010reportand, therefore, the percentages on foreign inmateswere calculated on the basis of the totalprisonpopulation.Since2011,thepercentageiscorrectlycalculatedforsentencedprisoners.

SWITZERLAND Datarelateto4thSeptember2013insteadof1st September2013. Totalnumberofforeigninmates:Thereare5,258foreigninmates,ofwhich1,382withlong‐

termresidentpermits(B,C,andI)inSwitzerland,854withstatusofasylumseekers(permitsN,F,andS),and375 illegalaliensunderadministrativepreventivemeasures(FederalActonForeignNationals).

Foreignpre‐trialdetainees: 1,715 foreigndetainees, ofwhich432with long‐termresidentpermits (B,C, and I),168withstatusofasylumseekers (permitsN,F,andS),and1,115areotherforeigninmatesandpeoplewithoutanypermit.

TURKEY General:thereare46peoplewithdualcitizenship(Turkishandother).Thesepersonsarenot

includedinthetotalnumberofforeignprisoners.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

Datarelateto30thJune2013insteadof1st September2013. ThemaininformationforTable4istakenfromTableA1.8andA1.10ofOffenderManagement

StatisticsQuarterly(October‐December2013)Annualtables. NumberofprisonerscitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion:FigureistakenfromTable

1.6 of OffenderManagement StatisticsQuarterly (January to March 2013) ‐ adding up thefigures for the relevant states (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, andSweden)

UK:NORTHERNIRELAND NationalprisonersincludeUKandIrishcitizens.

UK:SCOTLAND Nationality figuresadjustedforunlawfullyat large[UAL],subtractedfromBritishadultmale

count.



TABLE 5: LEGAL STATUS OF PRISON POPULATIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (NUMBERS)

(a) Untrieddetainees(nocourtdecisionhasbeenreachedyet);(b) Detaineesfoundguiltybutwhohavenotyetreceivedasentenceyet;(c) Sentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithinthestatutorylimitfordoingso;(d) Detaineeswhohavenotreceivedafinalsentenceyet,butwhostartedservingaprisonsentenceinadvance;(e) Sentencedprisoners(finalsentence),ofwhich:

(e).1:Personsdetainedforfineconversionreasons(finedefaulters);(e).2:Personsdetainedbecauseoftherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation;

(f) Othercases;(g) Totalnumberofprisoners(includingpre‐trialdetainees)


Country (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)Ofwhich

(f) (g)(e).1 (e).2

Albania 945 199 288 543 3023 3 13 0 4998Andorra 28 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 47Armenia 1096 NAP 3602 NA NA NA 4698Austria 1813 NAP NA NAP 5999 NA NA 1019 8831Azerbaijan 2925 NAP 637 NAP 16765 NA NA 0 20327Belgium 2645 NAP 685 NAP 8078 0 NA 1289 12697BH:BiH(st.level) 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 96 NA NA NA 907 41 0 0 1003Bulgaria 273 NAP 501 NAP 8060 NAP NA 0 8834Croatia 943 3196 22 NA 213 4352Cyprus 339 NAP NA NAP 472 13 NA NAP 811CzechRep. 2235 NA NAP 14031 NA NA 0 16266Denmark 1227 306 NAP 2558 0 NA 0 4091Estonia 773 NAP 2483 NA NA NA 3256Finland 585 NA 2541 56 NA NAP 3126France 12735 NAP 4060 NA 61568 NA NA NA 78363Georgia 1236 NAP 7632 NA NA NA 8868Germany 11119 NA NA NA 56071 4188 NA 491 67681Greece 3104 NAP NA NA 10134 20 NA 0 13238Hungary 5366 NAP [918] NAP 12525 NA NAP 422 18313Iceland 9 NAP 4 0 139 1 11 0 152Ireland 587 NA NAP 3473 11 NA 5 4065Italy 11834 NAP 12226 NAP 39571 NAP NA 1204 64835Latvia 308 224 539 181 3687 14 NA 266 5205Liechtenstein 0 2 0 0 6 1 0 1 9Lithuania 1102 86 253 NA 8180 NA NA NAP 9621Luxembourg 298 NAP [28] NAP 414 3 34 5 717Malta 134 NAP NA NAP 443 9 20 0 577Moldova 87 419 440 233 5487 NA 220 0 6666Monaco 21 NAP 3 0 5 0 0 0 29Montenegro 249 87 27 779 30 2 0 1142Netherlands 3645 NA 1233 NAP 5490 585 NA 179 10547Norway 1049 22 2578 88 NA 0 3649Poland 6198 NA NA 391 72405 810 NA NA 78994Portugal 1871 NAP 721 NAP 11692 NA NA [251] 14284Romania 1989 1621 NA 0 29512 NAP NAP NAP 33122RussianFed. 56917 13711 23513 NAP 564830 NA NA 22651 681622SanMarino 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2Serbia 1894 7330 NA NA 807 10031SlovakRep. 1288 NAP 8864 NAP 0 0 10152Slovenia 66 109 46 34 1061 NA NA 44 1360Spain(total) 9876 NAP NA NAP 58223 NA NA 0 68099Spain(StateAdm.) 8186 NAP NA NAP 49903 NA NA 0 58089Spain(Catalonia) 1690 NAP NA NAP 8320 141 37 0 10010Sweden 1491 NA 4377 NA NA NA 5868Switzerland 2104 NA NA 766 3737 304 123 465 7072theFYROMacedonia 108 119 235 82 2302 62 0 0 2846Turkey 11313 28086 96748 19415 NAP NA 136147Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 7743 3228 NA NAP 70913 132 5108 1958 83842UK:North.Ireland 526 NA 56 NA 1238 1 159 2 1822UK:Scotland 1278 231 NA NAP 6415 NA NA 4 7928



NOTES – TABLE 5

ALBANIA Points (a)and (b): Since this report, data on the number of untried detainees are recorded.

BasedonSPACEprovisionsandanewnationalruleonthecalculationofthedurationofthetimethat arrested persons spend in police stations and their transfer to the pre‐trial detentioncentres, there isa change thatwasmade in thecountingmethodology.ThisnewmethodologyappliestotheinputsoftheTable5.

AUSTRIA Point (f): 1,019 inmates, of which 873 inmates are under forensic psychiatric treatment and

securitymeasures.The146 inmates leftaredifferentkindsof imprisonment supportingotheradministrativeauthorities,provisionalarrestforforeigngovernmentsetc.

BULGARIA Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Points(a)and(c):Thereareonly774inmateswhoarewithoutafinalsentence,whichistwice

lower than inprevious SPACE I 2012 (1,534persons).Thisdifference is explainedby the factthatinthisreporttheaccuratefiguresonthenumberofinmatesheldinInvestigativeDetentionFacilities(IDF)aremissing.

Point(f):Underthisheadingareincludedinmateswhoareundertrialwithoutspecificationofthestatusoftheirtrialandforwhomnosentencehasbeenreachedyet.

CROATIA Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Point(b):Thiscategorydoesnotexist(=notapplicable,NAP). Points (d) and (e): Here are as well included prisoners who have started serving prison

sentenceinadvance.Thesetwocategoriesareassimilatedtothestatusof“sentenced”. Point (f): Other cases: 114 sentenced on application of themisdemeanour act, 83 in juvenile

correctionalinstitutions,and16inmatesinjuveniledetention.CYPRUS

Point(a):339persons included in thiscategory, ofwhich 120 personsdetained in theprisoninstitutionand219personsinpolicestations.

CZECHREPUBLIC Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Point(e):36inmatesheldinthePreventiveDetentionFacilityareincludedunderthisheading.

ESTONIA Point(b):Thiscategorydoesnotexist (=notapplicable,NAP).

FRANCE Datarelateto1stOctober2013insteadof1st September2013. InthisTablethebreakdownismadeonthebasisofthewholepopulationmanagedbythePrison

Administration (“écroués”)which is78,363persons.There isnospecific informationavailableforpersonsplacedunderElectronicMonitoringoutsidepenalinstitutionsandthoseinexternalplacementnon‐hostedbyPrisonAdministration.

Point (c): in this point are included persons under summary trail procedures (comparutionimmédiate)orthosewhohaveappealed.

GERMANY Datarelateto31stMarch2013insteadof1st September2013. Point(f):“Preventivedetentionmeasures”–inthiscategoryareincludeddetaineeswhichhave

already served their sentence, butwho are kept in penitentiary facilities for security reasons(Sicherungsverwahrung).

HUNGARY Point (c): This category of inmates (918) is included among persons who are serving final

sentences(underPoint(e)).



ICELAND Point(d):Whenaprisonerreceivesafinalsentence, thedayshespentinremandunderserving

asentenceinadvancearesubtractedfromthefinalsentence.IRELAND

JuvenilesfacingcriminalchargesbeforethecourtsaredetainedintheChildrenDetentionSchoolSystem‐boysuptotheageof17andgirlsuptotheageof18.Theonlydatacollectediswhethertheyhavebeenremandedincustodyoriftheyhavebeengivenafinalsentencetoserve.

ITALY Point (f): Internees (Internati) and temporary internees that are persons held in specialised

penal establishments for the execution of security detention measures, including judicialpsychiatrichospitals.

LATVIA Datarelateto1stOctober2013 insteadof1st September2013.

LIECHTENSTEIN In the breakdown presented in this Table are included only inmates detained in the penal

institutionofLiechtenstein.PersonswhohavebeentransferredtoAustriaorSwitzerlandundertheprovisionsoftheexistingcontractsbetweenthesecountriesarenotincluded.

Point(e.1):Onepersonheldunderalternativecustodialmeasure. Point(f):1personheldinextraditionproceduretoCzechRepublic.

LITHUANIA Datarelateto1stJuly2013insteadof1st September2013. Point(b):FollowingtheprovisionsoftheCodeofCriminalProcedure,sentencedprisonersafter

having submitted their written consent are able to start serving their term of imprisonmentbeforethehearingoftheircaseinorderofappeal.

LUXEMBOURG Point (c): This category of inmates (28) is included among persons who are serving final

sentences(underPoint(e)). Point(e.2):34personsdetainedbecausetheirconditionalreleasewasrevoked.

MALTA Point(a):Underthisheadingareincludedinmateswhoare awaitingtrial.

MOLDOVA Point(a):Underthisheadingarereported87inmates.Nevertheless,thisfigureismorethan10

timeslowerthantheonepresentedinSPACEI2012report.Noexplanationwasprovidedonthisdifference.Therefore,thisinputshouldbeusedcautiously.

MONACO Point (e) –The only detention facility in the Principality ofMonaco is a remand centre. Only

nationalsareintendedtoservetheirentiresentence.Alienswhoreceivedtheirfinalsentencetooversixmonthsof imprisonmentareusuallytransferredtotheprisonofNice.Thesetransfersare regulated by an agreement between Monaco and France (Article 14 of the Treaty ofCooperation“Conventiondevoisinage”from1963).

THENETHERLANDS Data are available for the population held in penal institutions (see general notes). The total

number of prisoners does not refer to persons held in institutions for juvenile offenders,custodialclinicsandinstitutionsforillegalaliens.

Point (c): In this category are included persons appealing their sentence. The ones who aresentencedbutwhohavenotappealedyet,butstillarewithinthestatutorylimittodoso,arepartofthepoint(a).Theycannotbemadevisibleasaseparatefigure.

NORWAY Points(a)and(c):Anunknownnumberofpersonshavebeensentenced(orfoundnotguilty)

but the sentence is not legally binding as an appeal has been lodged. These persons remaincategorisedas“remandedincustody”.



Point(b):Sentenceisgivenatsametimeasjudgmentofguilt. Point(e).2:Inmajorityofcases,thebreachofconditionsisassociatedwithanewconvictionfor

anewoffence.Therefore,itisthenewoffencethatwillberegistered.Consequently,thefigureonthepersonsdetainedbecauseoftherevocationstrictosensuisnotavailable.

POLAND Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Point(e):Underthisheadingareincludedsentencedpersonwithfinalbutalsothosewhohave

beensentencedbutthesentenceisnotconsideredasbeingafinalone.PORTUGAL

Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Point(f):Inthispointareincluded251detaineeswhoareunder“securitymeasures”(mentally

ill offenders considerednon‐criminally liableby thecourt),ofwhich112areplaced in specialpsychiatricinstitutionsorinpenitentiaryhospitals,and139innon‐penitentiaryhospitals.ThesecategoriesofinmatesareincludedinPoint(e).

SERBIA Points (d) and (e): Here are as well included prisoners who have started serving prison

sentenceinadvance.Thesetwocategoriesareassimilatedtothestatusof“sentenced”. Point(f):Inthispointareincluded807inmates,ofwhich:

o personswhowereorderedameasureofmedicaltreatment:213;o juvenilesremandedtocorrectionalfacility:215;o juvenilessentencedtopenal‐correctionalfacility:24;ando punishedforminoroffences:355.

SPAIN(TOTAL) FigurespresentedinTable5aretotals forbothStateAdministrationandCatalonia.Theseinputs

werenotusedforthecalculationsofmeanandmedianEuropeanvalues.SWEDEN

Datarelateto1stOctober2013insteadof1st September2013.SWITZERLAND

Datarelateto4thSeptember2013insteadof1st September2013. Point(f)–Thecategory“Othercases”includes465inmates,ofwhich375areillegalaliensunder

preventivemeasures (FederalActonForeignNationals).The remainingpersonsare thosewhoareawaitingtransferfromonepenalinstitutiontoanotheretc.

TURKEY Point(d)ismergedwithPoint(c),becausethesituationsfallingwithin thesepointscorrespond

toremandsinTurkishsystem.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

Datarelateto30thJune2013insteadof1st September2013. Point(e.2):referstorecalls. Point(f):othernon‐criminalprisoners. All itemsusedforTable5aretakenfromTable1.1ofOffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly

(October‐December2013)Annualtables.UK:SCOTLAND

Point(e):Figureonsentencedincludes recalledlifeprisoners. Point(f):4inmatesawaitingdeportation.



TABLE 5.1: DETAINEES NOT SERVING A FINAL SENTENCE ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013

(PERCENTAGES AND RATES)


Country

Percentageofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentence(1)

Percentageofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentence(2)

Rateofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentenceper100,000

inhabitants(1)

Rateofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentenceper100,000

inhabitants(2)

Percentageofuntried

detainees(nocourtdecisionyetreached)

Rateofuntrieddetaineesper100,000

inhabitants

(a.1) (a.2) (b.1) (b.2) (c) (d)

Albania 39.5 39.5 68.1 68.1 18.9 32.6Andorra 59.6 59.6 35.3 35.3 59.6 35.3Armenia 23.3 23.3 36.2 36.2 [23.3] [36.2]Austria (32.1) (20.5) (33.5) (21.5) 20.5 21.5Azerbaijan 17.5 17.5 38.1 38.1 14.4 31.3Belgium 36.4 26.2 41.4 29.8 20.8 23.7BH:BiH(st.level) 100.0 100.0 100.0 BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska (9.6) (9.6) (6.7) (6.7) 9.6 6.7Bulgaria 8.8 8.8 10.6 10.6 3.1 3.7Croatia 26.6 21.7 27.1 22.1 [21.7] [22.1]Cyprus (41.8) (41.8) (39.2) (39.2) 41.8 39.2CzechRep. (13.7) (13.7) (21.3) (21.3) [13.7] [21.3]Denmark 37.5 37.5 27.4 27.4 [30.0] [21.9]Estonia 23.7 23.7 58.6 58.6 [23.7] [58.6]Finland 18.7 18.7 10.8 10.8 [18.7] [10.8]France 21.4 21.4 25.6 25.6 16.3 19.4Georgia 13.9 13.9 27.6 27.6 [13.9] [27.6]Germany (17.2) (16.4) (14.4) (13.8) 16.4 13.8Greece (23.4) (23.4) (28.1) (28.1) 23.4 28.1Hungary 31.6 29.3 58.4 54.2 29.3 54.2

Iceland 8.6 8.6 4.0 4.0 5.9 2.8Ireland (14.6) (14.4) (12.9) (12.8) [14.4] [12.8]Italy 39.0 37.1 42.3 40.3 18.3 19.8Latvia 29.2 24.1 75.0 61.9 5.9 15.2Liechtenstein 33.3 22.2 8.1 5.4 0.0 0.0Lithuania 15.0 15.0 48.5 48.5 11.5 37.1Luxembourg 42.3 41.6 56.4 55.5 41.6 55.5

Malta (23.2) (23.2) (31.8) (31.8) 23.2 31.8Moldova 17.7 17.7 33.1 33.1 1.3 2.4Monaco 82.8 82.8 63.4 63.4 72.4 55.5Montenegro 31.8 31.8 58.3 58.3 [21.8] [40.0]Netherlands 47.9 46.3 30.1 29.1 34.6 21.7Norway 29.4 29.4 21.2 21.2 [28.7] [20.8]Poland (8.3) (8.3) (17.1) (17.1) 7.8 16.1Portugal 19.9 18.1 27.1 24.7 13.1 17.8Romania (10.9) (10.9) (18.0) (18.0) 6.0 9.9RussianFed. 17.1 13.8 81.4 65.6 8.4 39.7SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 26.9 18.9 37.6 26.4 [18.9] [26.4]SlovakRep. 12.7 12.7 23.8 23.8 [12.7] [23.8]Slovenia 22.0 18.8 14.5 12.4 4.9 3.2Spain(total) (14.5) (14.5) (21.1) (21.1) 14.5 21.1Spain(StateAdm.) (14.1) (14.1) (20.9) (20.9) 14.1 20.9Spain(Catalonia) (16.9) (16.9) (22.6) (22.6) 16.9 22.6Sweden 25.4 25.4 15.6 15.6 [25.4] [15.6]Switzerland (47.2) (40.6) (41.5) (35.7) 29.8 26.2theFYROMacedonia 19.1 19.1 26.4 26.4 3.8 5.2Turkey 49.6 49.6 89.2 89.2 [8.3] [15.0]Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales (15.4) (13.1) (22.7) (19.3) 9.2 13.6UK:North.Ireland 32.1 31.9 31.9 31.8 28.9 28.7UK:Scotland (19.1) (19.0) (28.4) (28.3) 16.1 24.0Mean 27.4 25.8 32.9 31.0 20.5 23.1

Median 23.3 21.0 28.1 27.4 16.7 21.7

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Maximum 100.0 100.0 89.2 89.2 100.0 58.6



NOTES – TABLE 5.1

Table5.1includestwotypesofcalculationforthecategoryof“detaineesnotservingafinalsentence”:

inthefirstcase[(a.1)and(b.1)],theheading(f)“Othercases”fromTable5isincluded,

inthesecondcase[(a.2)and(b.2)],theheading(f)“Othercases”fromTable5isexcluded

Thesecondtypeofcalculationhasbeenintroducedonthebasisofadditionalinformationprovidedbythenationalcorrespondents,whichcanbe found in thenotes toTable5. Indeed, it seems thatasignificantpartofthepersonsincludedundertheheading“Othercases”cannotbeassimilatedtopersonswaitingforafinalsentencetobeimposed(i.e.thiscategoryincludespersonsheldforsecurityreasons,personsheldforcivilreasons,etc.).Nevertheless,inordertoensurethecomparabilityofthedatawithpreviousyears’reports,wehavealsokeptthefirsttypeofcalculation(a.1andb.1).

IMPORTANT METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

InTable5,whennodatawereavailableunderheading(c)“Sentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithin the statutory limit for doing so” and no further informationwas provided, it is assumed thatprisoners in that situationare includedamong thoseunderheading (e) "SENTENCEDPRISONERS (FINALSENTENCE)".Inthatcase,theresultsunderheadings“Percentageofprisonersnotservingafinalsentence”(a.1anda.2,Table5.1)andthoseunderheadings“Rateofprisonersnotservingafinalsentenceper100,000inhabitants”(b.1andb.2,Table5.1)arepresentedbetweenbracketsandmustbeusedwithcaution.

InTable5,whennodatawereavailableunderheading (b) “Detainees foundguiltybutwhohavenotyetreceivedasentenceyet”andno further informationwasprovided, itcannotbeexcludedthatprisoners inthat situation are included among those under heading (a) "UNTRIEDDETAINEES (NOCOURTDECISIONYET REACHED)". In that case, the results under heading (c) “Percentage of untried detainees (no courtdecision reached yet)” and those under heading (d) “Rate of untried detainees (no court decision yetreached)per100,000inhabitants”ofTable5.1arepresentedbetweensquarebracketsandmustbeusedwithcaution.

Squarebracketswereusedfor“merged”categories(e.g.categories(a)and(b)or(a),(b)and(c)ofTable5).

CROATIA Inmates who have started serving prison sentence in advance (Point (d) of Table 5) were

excluded from the calculations made for Table 5.1, because these categories of inmates areassimilatedtothestatusof“sentenced”.

HUNGARY GiventheexplicitstatementinthenotestoTable5,weexcludedthecategoryofinmatesunder

appealprocedure(918)fromTable5.1,becausetheseinmatesareincludedamongpersonswhoareservingfinalsentences(Point(e)ofTable5.1).

LUXEMBOURG GiventheexplicitstatementinthenotestoTable5,weexcludedthecategoryofinmatesunder

appealprocedure(28)fromTable5.1,becausetheseinmatesareincludedamongpersonswhoareservingfinalsentences(Point(e)ofTable5.1)..

SERBIA Inmates who have started serving prison sentence in advance (Point (d) of Table 5) were

excluded from the calculations made for Table 5.1, because these categories of inmates areassimilatedtothestatusof“sentenced”.

SPAIN(TOTAL) Figures presented as totalswere not used for the calculations ofmean andmedian European

values.



TABLE 5.2: DANGEROUS OFFENDERS UNDER SECURITY MEASURES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013

(NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)


Country

Totalnumberofinmates

(includingpre‐trialdetainees)

Totalnumberofpersonsunder

securitymeasures/preventive

detentionfordangerousoffenders

%ofpersonsundersecuritymeasuresinthetotalnumberof

inmates

Personsheldasnotcriminally

responsiblebythecourt

Personsheldastotallyorpartially

criminallyresponsiblebythecourtandwhohavebeensentenced

(*)Arethesepersonsincluded

inthetotalnumberofprisonpopulation?

Albania 4998 109 [No] 77 32 NoAndorra 47 19 [No] 0 19 NoArmenia 4698 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPAustria 8831 873 9.9 411 462 YesAzerbaijan 20327 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPBelgium 12697 91 0.7 NAP 91 YesBH:BiH(st.level) 17 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPBH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1003 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPBulgaria 8834 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPCroatia 4352 NA [3.1] NA 135 YesCyprus 811 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPCzechRep. 16266 36 0.2 10 26 YesDenmark 4091 45 1.1 NA NA YesEstonia 3256 NA NA NA NA NoFinland 3126 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPFrance 78363 NA NA NA NA NoGeorgia 8868Germany 67681 10962 [0.7] 10471 491 No/YesGreece 13238 NA NA NA NA YesHungary 18313 162 0.9 162 NAP YesIceland 152 2 1.3 2 0 YesIreland 4065 623 [15.3] NA NA YesItaly 64835 1204 1.9 NA NA YesLatvia 5205 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPLiechtenstein 9 0 0.0 0 0 YesLithuania 9621 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPLuxembourg 717 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPMalta 577 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPMoldova 6666 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPMonaco 29 0 0.0 0 0 NoMontenegro 1142 0 0.0 0 0 YesNetherlands 10547 108 [No] 108 NAP NoNorway 3649 84 2.3 NAP 84 YesPoland 78994 189 0.2 33 156 YesPortugal 14284 0 0.0 0 0 YesRomania 33122 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPRussianFed. 681622 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPSanMarino 2 0 0.0 0 0 YesSerbia 10031 NA NA NA NA YesSlovakRep. 10152 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPSlovenia 1360 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPSpain(total) 68099 634 0.9 NA NA YesSpain(StateAdm.) 58089 588 1.0 NA NA YesSpain(Catalonia) 10010 46 0.5 NA NA YesSweden 5868 NA NA NA NA NoSwitzerland 7072 141 2.0 NA NA YestheFYROMacedonia 2846 NA NA NA NA NoTurkey 136147 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 83842 NA NA NA NA NAUK:North.Ireland 1822 NA NA NA NA YesUK:Scotland 7928 NA NA NA NA NoMean 2.1/1.4Median 0.8/0.7Minimum 0.0/0.0Maximum 15.3/9.9



NOTES – TABLE 5.2

InTable5.2 are included two sets of results for central tendencyvalues (mean,median,minimumandmaximum).The firstresult include in thecalculationthevaluesprovidedbyIreland.ThesecondresultexcludesIrishfiguresfromthecalculation.

ALBANIA Personsunder securitymeasuresareheld in special sectionswithinprisons.Yet, they arenot

includedthetotalprisonpopulation,becausethedataprovidedbythepenalinstitutionsforthiscategoryofinmateswereincomplete.Thereisnodivisionofthiscategorybyage,typeofcrime,judicialstatus,etc.

If partial datawould however been included in the total prison population, the percentage ofdangerousoffenderswouldcorrespondto2.1%.

ANDORRA Accordingtotheexplanationsprovided,dangerousoffendersarenotincludedinthetotalprison

population.Nevertheless,iftheywereincluded,thepartoftheseinmateswouldbe28.8%.AUSTRIA

873personsunderforensic‐psychiatrictreatmentandsecuritymeasures.BELGIUM

Persons included in the Table 5.2 are inmates of whom sentences were coupled withrequirement of placement at the disposal of the Court of the enforcement of sentenced(previously, at the disposal of the Government) at the end of the sentence. According to thisprovisionthesepersonsshouldremainincustody.

Non‐criminallyliableoffenderssentencedtomeasuresofindefiniteincarceration(internement)arenotundersecuritymeasuresstrictosensuand,therefore,arenotincludedinTable5.2.

CROATIA Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Personsheldasnotcriminallyresponsiblebythecourtarenotincludedinthetotalnumberof

prisonpopulation(Table1).Theyareaccommodatedinforensicpsychiatrichospitals. Personsheldastotallyorpartiallycriminallyresponsiblebythecourtwhohavebeensentenced

areincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonpopulation(Table1). Therefore,thepercentageofdangerousoffenderscalculatedinTable5.2isbasedonthisfigure.

CZECHREPUBLIC Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. PersonsincludedinTable5.2arepersonsheldinthePreventiveDetentionFacility.

DENMARK Preventivedetention(intheDanishCriminalCode§70)iscalledsecuredetention:“Apersonmay

beordered tobeplaced ina securedetention if he/she is foundguilty ina serious crimeandhe/sheisconsidereddangerous”.Foundguiltymeansinthiscasealsoheldresponsible.

Other persons (that may be criminally liable or not) are held in psychiatric institutions orhospitals.Thesecategoriesarenotincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonpopulation.

Thedifferencebetweenthe1standthe2ndcategoriesisamatterofcriminalresponsibility.GERMANY

Datarelateto31stMarch2013insteadof1st September2013. Personsheldasnotcriminallyresponsiblebythecourtarenot includedinthetotalnumberof

prisonpopulationfromTable1;theyareaccommodatedinforensicpsychiatrichospitals. Persons held as totally or partially criminally responsible by the court and who have been

sentencedareincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonpopulationfromTable1. Thepercentageofthepersonsundersecuritymeasuresincalculatedonthebasisoftherawdata

forthepersonsheldcriminallyresponsiblebythecourt.Thefigureonthenon‐criminallyliableoffendersispresentedinTable5.2onlyforinformation.

Nevertheless, if all these categorieswere included, the part of dangerous offenderswould be13.9%.



ICELAND IcelandicPenalCodeNo19/1940ChapterVII:OnSecurityMeasures,DeprivationofCivilRights

andConfiscationofAssetsArt.62. Ifaperson isacquittedunder theprovisionsofArt.15oraCourtfinds,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArt.16,thatapenaltywouldnotreapresult,ajudgemayimposemeasuresinordertopreventdangerensuingfromtheoffender.Ifitmaybeassumed that more moderate measures, such as bail, prohibition against stay in particularplaces,ordeprivationoflegalrightswillnotbesuccessful,itmaybeorderedthatthepersonbecommittedtoasuitableinstitution.

PersonswhicharenotcriminallyresponsibleareheldatpsychiatrichospitalwhichismanagedbytheMinistryofWelfare(previously:MinistryofHealth).

IRELAND Persons included inTable5.2 arenormal prisonersheld inprotection for their safetyandnot

personssolelydetainedforpreventivereasons. ThisdoesnotapplyintheJuvenileOffendersJusticeSystem. According to the rigorousdefinitionprovided, theauthorsof this report calculated thecentral

tendency’indicators(onceincluding,andonceexcludingtheIrishinputs).ITALY

InTable5.2areincludedinternees(Internati)andtemporaryinternees.Thesearepersonsheldinspecialisedpenalestablishmentsfortheexecutionofsecuritydetentionmeasures,includingjudicialpsychiatrichospitals.

THENETHERLANDS In Table 5.2 are included 108 persons. This category consists of people that are not held

criminally responsible for their crimes and they are placed in psychiatric clinics (outside theresponsibilityofprisonservice)byajudgeforthedurationofoneyear.Theyarenotincludedinthe total prison population. Nevertheless, if all these categories were included, the part ofdangerousoffenderswouldbe1.0%.

1,714personsheldincustodialclinics(TBS)placedthereunderahospitalorderarenotincludedinTable5.2.

POLAND Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013.

PORTUGAL Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013. InTable5.2areincludedpersonsdetainedinaccordancewiththeArt.202al.2oftheCriminal

ProcedureCode.Thesearementally‐illoffenderstowhomasecuritymeasurewasimposedheldinpsychiatrichospitalsandsimilarinstitutions.

SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION) There are no custodial security measures which can be served in special establishments and

imposedtotheconvictsafterservingthesentenceonthebasisofadangerousnessassessmentbytheCourt.Onlysecuritymeasuresassimilatedtoalternativestoimprisonmentareapplicable.Thesemeasuresareimposedtopeoplewhoaredeclaredcriminallynotresponsibleorpartiallyresponsible.Thenumberofsuchpersonswas588.ThePenitentiaryAdministrationisinchargeonly of the executionof custodial securitymeasures.Non‐custodial securitymeasures are notunderitscompetences.

SWITZERLAND Figureson“interned”offendersheldundermeasuresof(in)definiteimprisonment:art.64ofthe

CriminalCode.UK:SCOTLAND

Thereisnoformalconceptofpreventivedetentionfordangerousoffenders,apartfromremand(pre‐trial detention for those accused of committing a crime) for the purposes of publicprotection,ordetentionundermentalhealthlegislation(whichmayormaynotbeasresultofacriminalact).Securitymeasuresmayapplytothepersonsheldasnotcriminallyresponsible,butstatisticsarenotroutinelycollectedontheseparticularcategories.



TABLE 6: MAIN OFFENCE OF SENTENCED PRISONERS (FINAL SENTENCE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER

2013 (NUMBERS)


Country

Hom

icide(incl.

attempts)

Assaultandbattery

Rape

Othertypesof

sexualoffences

Robbery

Othertypesoftheft

Econom

icand

financialoffences

Drugoffences

Terrorism

Organisedcrime

Othercases

Numberof

sentencedprisoners

(finalsentence)

Albania 1162 74 72 69 376 359 36 593 0 10 272 3023

Andorra 3 0 2 1 3 0 2 5 0 0 3 19

Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3602

Austria 352 NA 136 162 957 1838 NA 948 NA NA NA 5999

Azerbaijan 2225 814 233 NA 911 3200 NA 4985 NA NA 4397 16765

Belgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 8078

BH:BiH(total)

BH:BiH(st.level) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 168 38 26 20 251 26 33 110 1 35 199 907

Bulgaria 935 241 281 226 1426 3759 561 504 0 127 NA 8060

Croatia 400 98 101 116 406 602 324 560 0 NA 589 3196

Cyprus 53 40 29 10 28 107 13 131 0 0 61 472

CzechRep. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 14031

Denmark 203 398 54 86 288 363 109 585 NA NA 472 2558

Estonia 535 200 86 16 436 393 13 542 0 14 248 2483

Finland 599 441 116 184 260 203 468 0 0 214 2541

France 3465 17216 7666 11736 NA 8703 NA NA 12782 61568

Georgia 776 229 414 655 621 1360 892 1630 75 341 639 7632

Germany 4084 7 385 3600 196 7269 12168 7986 7555 NA NA 5828 56071

Greece NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3641 NA NA NA 10134

Hungary 1268 1033 257 286 2508 3337 NA 361 1 NA 3474 12525

Iceland 19 18 12 11 6 13 2 39 0 0 19 139

Ireland 421 434 175 177 119 594 49 625 37 2 840 3473

Italy 6445 104 2034 683 5813 2067 230 14994 69 290 6842 39571

Latvia 518 316 168 127 1127 843 68 459 0 3 58 3687

Liechtenstein 1 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 6

Lithuania 1946 461 492 1266 1693 74 949 0 22 1616 8180

Luxembourg 59 43 29 7 46 66 13 119 0 0 32 414

Malta 45 16 6 16 126 0 15 164 0 1 54 443

Moldova 1385 647 342 176 435 632 18 302 0 6 1463 5487

Monaco 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5

Montenegro 55 93 7 2 6 248 1 201 3 14 149 779

Netherlands 784 166 182 836 680 171 805 NA 19 1847 5490

Norway 169 563 183 186 173 241 150 622 NAP NAP 291 2578

Poland 4947 NA 1794 804 11313 17900 114 2210 NA 404 33513 72405

Portugal 1067 381 207 266 1571 1399 NA 2290 0 NA 4511 11692

Romania 5634 508 1699 114 5297 9136 197 1173 20 1377 4357 29512

RussianFed. 155851 51160 13937 8960 134983 NA 1101 122458 239 NA 76141 564830

SanMarino 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2

Serbia 748 314 211 95 1066 1761 80 1578 6 149 1322 7330

SlovakRep. 591 379 136 205 1379 1486 525 1002 0 6 3155 8864

Slovenia 114 42 30 81 203 137 78 155 0 81 140 1061

Spain(total) 4483 3303 2287 1114 17873 2541 1695 14312 268 NA 10347 58223

Spain(St.Adm.) 3767 2930 1902 958 15832 830 1554 12714 268 NA 9151 49903

Spain(Catalonia) 716 373 385 156 2041 1711 141 1598 0 3 1196 8320

Sweden 564 479 190 213 437 338 211 857 NA NA 1088 4377

Switzerland 434 145 149 205 324 811 5 862 NAP 2 800 3737

theFYROMacedonia 240 33 42 101 376 605 39 359 10 107 390 2302Turkey 18765 13315 523 4642 13024 18431 NA 11791 4291 773 11193 96748

Ukraine

UK:Engl.&Wales 7462 12014 5408 5132 8873 11583 1339 10181 NAP NAP 8921 70913

UK:North.Ireland 171 251 71 82 173 164 NA 69 NA NA 257 1238

UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6415



TABLE 6.1: MAIN OFFENCE OF SENTENCED PRISONERS (FINAL SENTENCE) ON 1ST

SEPTEMBER 2013 (PERCENTAGES)


Country

Hom

icide

(incl.

attempts)

Assaultand

battery

Rape

Othertypes

ofsexual

offences

Robbery

Othertypes

oftheft

Econom

ic

andfinancial

offences

Drug

offences

Terrorism

Organised

crime

Othercases

Albania 38.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 12.4 11.9 1.2 19.6 0.0 0.3 9.0Andorra 15.8 0.0 10.5 5.3 15.8 0.0 10.5 26.3 0.0 0.0 15.8Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAustria 5.9 NA 2.3 2.7 16.0 30.6 NA 15.8 NA NA NAAzerbaijan 13.3 4.9 1.4 NA 5.4 19.1 NA 29.7 NA NA 26.2Belgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 18.5 4.2 2.9 2.2 27.7 2.9 3.6 12.1 0.1 3.9 21.9Bulgaria 11.6 3.0 3.5 2.8 17.7 46.6 7.0 6.3 0.0 1.6 NACroatia 12.5 3.1 3.2 3.6 12.7 18.8 10.1 17.5 0.0 NA 18.4Cyprus 11.2 8.5 6.1 2.1 5.9 22.7 2.8 27.8 0.0 0.0 12.9CzechRep. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NADenmark 7.9 15.6 2.1 3.4 11.3 14.2 4.3 22.9 NA NA 18.5Estonia 21.5 8.1 3.5 0.6 17.6 15.8 0.5 21.8 0.0 0.6 10.0Finland 23.6 17.4 4.6 7.2 10.2 8.0 18.4 0.0 0.0 10.6France 5.6 28.0 12.5 19.1 NA 14.1 NA NA 20.8Georgia 10.2 3.0 5.4 8.6 8.1 17.8 11.7 21.4 1.0 4.5 8.4Germany 7.3 13.2 6.4 0.3 13.0 21.7 14.2 13.5 NA NA 10.4Greece NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35.9 NA NA NAHungary 10.1 8.2 2.1 2.3 20.0 26.6 NA 2.9 0.0 NA 27.7Iceland 13.7 12.9 8.6 7.9 4.3 9.4 1.4 28.1 0.0 0.0 13.7Ireland 12.1 12.5 5.0 5.1 3.4 17.1 1.4 18.0 1.1 0.1 24.2Italy 16.3 0.3 5.1 1.7 14.7 5.2 0.6 37.9 0.2 0.7 17.3Latvia 14.0 8.6 4.6 3.4 30.6 22.9 1.8 12.4 0.0 0.1 1.6Liechtenstein 16.7 0.0 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7Lithuania (22.8) (5.4) (5.8) (14.9) (19.9) (0.9) (11.1) (0.0) (0.3) (19.0)Luxembourg 14.3 10.4 7.0 1.7 11.1 15.9 3.1 28.7 0.0 0.0 7.7Malta 10.2 3.6 1.4 3.6 28.4 0.0 3.4 37.0 0.0 0.2 12.2Moldova (25.2) (11.8) (6.2) (3.2) (7.9) (11.5) (0.3) (5.5) (0.0) (0.1) (26.7)Monaco 0.0 0.0 20.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.0Montenegro 7.1 11.9 0.9 0.3 0.8 31.8 0.1 25.8 0.4 1.8 19.1Netherlands 14.3 3.0 3.3 15.2 12.4 3.1 14.7 NA 0.3 33.6Norway 6.6 21.8 7.1 7.2 6.7 9.3 5.8 24.1 NAP NAP 11.3Poland (6.8) NA (2.5) (1.1) (15.6) (24.7) (0.2) (3.1) NA (0.6) (46.3)Portugal 9.1 3.3 1.8 2.3 13.4 12.0 NA 19.6 0.0 NA 38.6Romania 19.1 1.7 5.8 0.4 17.9 31.0 0.7 4.0 0.1 4.7 14.8RussianFed. 27.6 9.1 2.5 1.6 23.9 NA 0.2 21.7 0.0 NA 13.5SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 10.2 4.3 2.9 1.3 14.5 24.0 1.1 21.5 0.1 2.0 18.0SlovakRep. 6.7 4.3 1.5 2.3 15.6 16.8 5.9 11.3 0.0 0.1 35.6Slovenia 10.7 4.0 2.8 7.6 19.1 12.9 7.4 14.6 0.0 7.6 13.2Spain(total) 7.7 5.7 3.9 1.9 30.7 4.4 2.9 24.6 0.5 NA 17.8Spain(StateAdm.) 7.5 5.9 3.8 1.9 31.7 1.7 3.1 25.5 0.5 NA 18.3Spain(Catalonia) 8.6 4.5 4.6 1.9 24.5 20.6 1.7 19.2 0.0 0.0 14.4Sweden 12.9 10.9 4.3 4.9 10.0 7.7 4.8 19.6 NA NA 24.9Switzerland 11.6 3.9 4.0 5.5 8.7 21.7 0.1 23.1 NAP 0.1 21.4theFYROMacedonia 10.4 1.4 1.8 4.4 16.3 26.3 1.7 15.6 0.4 4.6 16.9Turkey 19.4 13.8 0.5 4.8 13.5 19.1 NA 12.2 4.4 0.8 11.6Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 10.5 16.9 7.6 7.2 12.5 16.3 1.9 14.4 NAP NAP 12.6UK:North.Ireland 13.8 20.3 5.7 6.6 14.0 13.2 NA 5.6 NA NA 20.8UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAMean 12.7 7.6 4.7 4.9 13.3 15.4 5.9 17.0 0.3 1.1 18.5Median 11.6 4.9 3.8 2.8 13.5 15.9 2.3 17.8 0.0 0.2 16.9Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 38.4 28.0 20.0 50.0 31.7 46.6 50.0 37.9 4.4 7.6 60.0




ARMENIANational breakdowndoesnot fit the categories included in theSPACEquestionnaire used forTable 6.Figuresareavailableforthefollowingcategoriesofoffences:

o crimesagainstlifeandhealth:871o crimesagainstfreedomanddignity:83o sexualoffences:54o crimesagainstfamilyandchildinterest:4o crimesagainstperson'sconstitutionalfreedom:3o crimesagainstproperty:1381o economiccrimes:86o crimesagainstpublicsafety:82o crimesagainstpublicorderandmorality:112o crimesagainstpublichealth:710o crimesagainstenvironmentalsafety:3o crimesagainststatesafetyandconstitutionalorder:11o crimesagainststateservice:21o crimesagainstgovernmentalorder:64o crimesagainstjustice:12o crimesagainstmilitary:105

AUSTRIA BecauseofthelegalclassificationintheAustriaCriminallawandthemodeofregistrationtothe

electronic administration program, it is not possible to classify all types of offences listed inTable 6. Therefore the sum of the categories does not reach the total number of sentencedprisoners.

BELGIUM Themainoffencerule isnotdefined.Moreover,thecustodymightbeappliedformanysentences

orotherlegalreasons,soseveralcustodialorderscanbecumulated. Warning:Thetypesofoffencesarenotany longerregisteredfortheoffenders thatcommitted

newcrimeswhileinconditionalrelease.Atthemomentofrevocationoftheconditionalrelease,it is impossible to provide the accurate type of offence onwhich the new charges are based.Giventhismethodologicallimitation,itisimpossibleaccuratelycategorisealltypesofoffences.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(STATELEVEL)Onlyonepre‐trialdetentionunitexistsatStatelevel. Therefore,thenilvaluesarepresentedinTable 6andtheseinputsareconsideredasreliable.BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)

Robbery: refers to the theft under aggravated circumstances and to the robbery definitionaccordingtotheCriminalCodeofRepublikaSrpska.

BULGARIA Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Since SPACE I 2012 report, the main offence rule is defined and applied on SPACE figures.

Therefore,thecomparabilitywithpreviousyears’dataisnotfullyconceivable. ThecategoriesusedintheBulgarianpenalsystemdonotfitexactlythecategoriesfromTable6:

o RobberyandOthertypesoftheft:ERRATA:thecategoriesinSPACEI2012ofrobberyandtheftshouldbeinversed,asinSPACEI2012under"robbery"headingwereincludedsimplethefts.Thisdistributionwaswrong.

o Economicand financialoffences: include fraud, financial embezzlement (141 persons). TheseoffencesaretraditionallygroupedundercrimesagainstpossessionintheBulgarianpenalcode.

CROATIA Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Amongsentencedprisonersarealsoincludedthosewhohavestartedservingprisonsentencein

advance. Therefore, the percentages presented in Table 6.1 are calculated on the basis of theadjustedtotalincludingthoseinmates.



CZECHREPUBLIC Themainoffencerule is not defined. The distribution bymain offence rule is not available at

PrisonAdministrationbutmaybefoundattheMinistryofJustice.FINLAND

CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffences cannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences.

Thetypeofmainoffenceforfinedefaulters(56persons)isnotavailable.Therefore,theyarenotincludedinTable6.

The 56 fine‐defaulters are included under the heading “Other cases” of Table 6.1, as thesepersonsarepartofthetotalnumberofsentencedinmates.

FRANCE Figuresareon1stOctober2013 insteadof1st September2013. Thebreakdownistobecarriedforwardtothetotalnumberof inmatesthathavethestatusof

“écroués”andnotonlythosewhoare“écrouésdétenus”(defactoheldinpenalinstitutions). CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:

areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences. Categories ofRobberyandOther typesof theft cannot be separated in these statistics: are

includedalltypesofsexualoffences.GERMANY

Datarelateto31stMarch2013 insteadof1st September2013.IRELAND

Homicide:o Offencegroup1:Murder,ManslaughterandDangerousDrivingcausingDeathOffences,ando Offencegroup3:Attempts/ThreatstoMurder,AssaultsandRelatedOffences(AttemptedMurder).

EconomicandFinancialoffences:o Offencegroup9‐Fraud,DeceptionandRelatedOffences.

Terrorism:o Offencesfromgroup11‐WeaponandExplosivesOffences,ando Group15‐OffencesagainstGovernment,JusticeProceduresandOrganisationofCrime.

“Other cases”: This category includes charges such as Public Order, Criminal Damage, andVehicleOffences.

ITALY Assaultandbattery:underthisheadingareaswellincludedcrimeof"violence"and"violence

againstapublicofficer/obstructionofapublicofficer" (violenza/resistenzaapubblicoufficiale)aswellas"physicalcoercionagainstonepersonandthreat"(violenzaprivata/minaccia).

In the category ofTerrorism are included all types of crimes supplied in the Criminal Codeunderthedenominationof“crimesagainstthepersonalityoftheState”.

Organised crime: this type of offence is often associated with other more serious offences.Therefore,figurespresentedunderthisheadingareverylikelytobeunderestimated.

LATVIA Figuresareon1stOctober2013 insteadof1st September2013.

LIECHTENSTEIN “Othercases”:Onepersonsoft‐defaulter.

LITHUANIA Figuresareon1stJuly2013insteadof1st September2013. Assaultandbattery:includesheavybodilyinjury. Percentages inTable6.1arecalculatedonthebasisof theadjustedtotalnumberofsentenced

inmates.Thisfigureincludesthosewhodidnotreceiveafinalsentencebutwhostartedservingtheirterminadvance.ProvisionsofthePenalProcedureCode:

o Sentencedprisonersafterhavingsubmittedtheirwrittenconsentmaystartservingtheirtermofimprisonmentbeforethehearingoftheircaseinorderofappeal.Therefore,sentencedprisonerswhohavesubmittedanappeal,aswellasprisonerswhosesentenceshadcomeintoforcebeforetheirtransfertoapenitentiaryinstitutionareincludedamongprisonerswithfinalsentence.



MOLDOVA Thedataiscollectedquarterly.TheinformationusedinTables6and6.1 isestablishedaccording

to the situation registered on the 1st October 2013. Therefore, the total distribution does notmatchatotalof100%.

Othertypesoftheft:inSPACEI2012,thenumberofinmatesunderthisheadingwas1,291.Inpresent report their number decreased to 632.No reliable commentwas provided about thischange.Therefore,thisfigureshouldbeusedcautiously.

MONACO Othercases:drunk‐driving.

THENETHERLANDS Data are available for the population held in penal institutions (see general notes). The total

number of inmates does not include juvenile offenders, persons held in custodial clinics, andillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons.

CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences.

Othercases:Underthisheadingareincludedinmatessentencedunderotherlawsandunknowncases: inmates with unregistered type of crime (e.g. inmates convicted to pay financialcompensationstothevictimsandwhoaredetainedfornothavingdonethat,orpeoplewhoareconvictedtoplacementincustodialclinicsunderahospitalorder).

NORWAY Terrorismandorganisedcrimearenotinthemselvesclassifiedascategoriesofoffencesbutas

aggravatingelementsthatmayresultinlongersentences. Othercases:Underthisheadingareaswellincludedfinedefaulterseventhoughthesearenot

necessarilydefinedinlawas“sentenced”noritispossibletoidentifythecategoryofoffencethathasresultedinthefine.

POLAND Figuresareon31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Dataconcernfinalandnon‐finalsentences.Moreover,themainoffencerule isnotapplied.This

distribution is the result of a change introduced in the internal tool of public statistics.Consequently, the number of enforced judgments is available, but not the number of persons.Therefore,figuresreportedsincetheSPACEI2012arehardlycomparablewithpreviousseries.

PORTUGAL Figuresareon31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Inthebreakdownofsentencedprisonersareincludedaswell251mentally‐illoffenders.

ROMANIA Organised crime: In SPACE I 2012, the definition was based on the provisions of the Law

39/2003ontheorganisedcrime.Therefore,thenumberwas283personssentencedunderthislaw.InSPACEI2013,apartfromthismainlawwerebeenincludedpersonssentencedundertheLaw 678/2001 on human trafficking. This methodological adjustment explains the increasebetweentwoyears’inputs.Moreover,therewasreportedanincreaseinthecategoryofpersonssentencedundertheLawonorganisedcrime.

SERBIA Amongsentencedprisonersarealsoincludedthosewhohavestartedservingprisonsentencein

advance. Therefore, the percentages presented in Table 6.1 are calculated on the basis of theadjustedtotalincludingthoseinmates.

SPAIN(TOTAL) TotalfigureswerenotusedforthecalculationsofmeanandmedianEuropeanvalues.

SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION) Othertypesofsexualoffencesareincludedabuse,harassment,exhibitionandprostitution. Othertypesoftheftareincluded,amongothers,theftsofthevehiclesandlarceny. Economicand financialoffencesare included fraud, other socioeconomic crimes and crimes

againsttreasuryandsocialsecurity.



SWEDEN Figuresareon1stOctober2013 insteadof1st September2013.

SWITZERLAND Figuresareon4thSeptember2013 insteadof1st September2013.

TURKEY Other cases: include crimes such as hold out to against officer, breach of the firearms law,

informaticscrimeetc.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

Figuresareon30thJune2013 insteadof1st September2013. Homicide:includesmurder,manslaughterand'otherandattemptedhomicide. Assaultandbattery:includesallotherviolenceagainstthepersonoffences. Othertypesoftheft:includesburglary,andtheftandhandlingstolengoodsoffences. Economicandfinancialoffences:includesfraudandforgery. Terrorismandorganisedcrime:figuresarenotrecorded. Othercases:includesmotoringoffences,otheroffencesandoffencesnotrecorded. All items taken fromTableA1.4ofOffenderManagementStatisticsQuarter (October‐December

2013)AnnualTables.UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

Assaultandbattery:Violenceagainstthepersonoffences Othertypesoftheft:includestheftandburglary Othercases:includingmissingoffencedetails



TABLE 7: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (NUMBERS)

(A) – LESS THAN 1 MONTH (H) – FROM 10 YEARS TO LESS THAN 20 YEARS

(B) – FROM 1 MONTH TO LESS THAN 3 MONTHS (I) – 20 YEARS AND OVER

(C) – FROM 3 MONTHS TO LESS THAN 6 MONTHS (J) – LIFE IMPRISONMENT

(D) – FROM 6 MONTHS TO LESS THAN ONE YEAR (K) – SECURITY MEASURES

(E) – FROM 1 YEAR TO LESS THAN 3 YEARS (L) – PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATH

(F) – FROM 3 YEARS TO LESS THAN 5 YEARS (M) – OTHER SENTENCES

(G) – FROM 5 YEARS TO LESS THAN 10 YEARS


CountryLessthan1month

1monthtolessthan3months

3monthstolessthan6months

6monthstolessthanoneyear

1yeartolessthan3years

3yearstolessthan5years



20yearsandover

Lifeimprison‐ment

Securitymeasures

Deathsentence

Other

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K) (L) (M)

Albania NAP 34 41 201 293 546 1102 372 283 151 Note NAP 0Andorra 1 0 2 2 5 5 0 4 0 0 0 NAP 0Armenia NAP 78 541 994 1492 [386] [9] 102 NAP NAP NAPAustria 20 214 320 635 2027 1148 1095 403 20 117 Note NAP NAAzerbaijan 1558 [8460] [4685] 1803 259 NAP NAP 0Belgium 0 4 11 449 1261 2128 2590 854 568 213 Note NAP NAPBH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NAP NAP NAP 0BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 12 21 44 46 172 151 187 245 29 NAP 0 NAP 0Bulgaria 2528 2573 1137 858 780 24 160 NAP NAP 0Croatia 3 14 74 335 1095 608 571 365 131 NAP Note NAP NACyprus 1 15 38 37 99 65 113 63 16 25 NAP NAP 0CzechRep. 1 31 349 1064 6578 2423 2297 1105 101 46 36 NAP NAPDenmark 32 154 237 426 810 289 291 230 3 22 45 NAP 19Estonia 4 18 79 199 611 596 622 292 23 39 NAP NAP NAPFinland 37 72 142 184 813 511 401 176 1 204 NAP NAP NAPFrance 10880 11674 18564 6761 5923 5346 [1940] 480 NA NAP NAGeorgia 0 10 172 898 1530 2107 2087 678 65 85 NAP NAP 0Germany 752 4966 7257 11565 11104 13898 3844 691 NAP 1994 Note NAP NAPGreece NAP 243 357 [303] [689] 3492 [1904] [1886] 1058 NA NAP 202Hungary 56 164 321 1265 4526 2226 2733 896 33 305 Note NAP 0






6monthstolessthanoneyear

1yeartolessthan3years




20yearsandover

Lifeimprison‐ment

Securitymeasures

Deathsentence

Other

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K) (L) (M)

Iceland 1 4 9 12 51 21 25 16 0 0 0 NAP 0Ireland 6 11 78 260 822 796 888 277 19 316 0 NAP 0Italy 62 81 379 1748 8086 8605 11359 5658 2018 1575 Note NAP 0Latvia 4 17 37 139 681 746 1407 597 6 53 NAP NAP NAPLiechtenstein 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 NAP 1Lithuania 37 146 101 342 2196 2007 2048 1518 11 113 NAP NAP NAPLuxembourg 1 0 4 30 135 69 81 50 24 13 NAP NAP 7Malta 1 4 16 31 96 80 72 104 27 12 NAP NAP 0Moldova NAP NAP NAP 66 527 851 1908 1732 223 99 NAP NAP NAPMonaco 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 NAP 0Montenegro 13 8 64 38 177 207 215 31 26 NAP 0 NAP 0Netherlands 813 518 441 658 1260 554 635 403 30 30 NAP NAP 148Norway 71 274 210 413 734 353 300 206 17 NAP Note NAP 0Poland NAP [574] [4559] [14189] [31665] [8897] [5184] [2733] [1672] 338 NA NAP NAPortugal 4 104 220 465 1698 2204 4181 1665 342 NAP 251 NAP 558Romania 164 13 66 564 6815 8671 7779 4347 946 147 NAP NAP 0RussianFed. NAP NAP NAP 17023 111577 126453 214103 87618 6303 1707 NAP NAP 46SanMarino 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 NAP 0 NAP 0Serbia 0 151 477 731 2121 1507 1422 754 167 0 Note NAP 0SlovakRep. 46 74 461 1425 2529 1248 2223 673 143 42 NAP NAP 0Slovenia 0 4 51 83 349 232 210 98 34 0 NAP NAP 0Spain(total) 157 73 938 3638 11888 13684 16129 8944 2726 NAP Note NAP 46Spain(StateAdm.) 90 55 818 3223 10549 11743 13524 7465 2436 NAP Note NAP 46Spain(Catalonia) 67 18 120 415 1339 1941 2605 1479 290 NAP 46 NAP 0Sweden 17 238 255 444 1431 756 711 364 14 147 NAP NAP NAPSwitzerland 132 534 602 112 802 523 313 178 NAP 37 141 NAP 363theFYROMacedonia 0 18 84 233 619 502 548 266 0 32 NAP NAP NAPTurkey 5470 7975 10363 14930 22475 13732 16380 1249 132 4042 NAP NAP 0Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 198 1336 2970 2153 15390 11660 12877 4536 420 7564 5618 NAP 6191UK:North.Ireland 1 12 50 109 292 214 256 117 7 175 NA NAP 5UK:Scotland 1393 [967] [1231] [1586] 251 987 NA NAP NA



NOTES – TABLE 7

Some countriesmay have includedpersons sentenced to securitymeasures (mentally‐ill offenders andpersons considered as dangerous offenders) under the category “life imprisonment”, because in suchcases the length of detention/imprisonment is not fixed. However, as a rule, such persons have beenexcludedfromthedistribution,andcountedseparately(seenotestoTable7).

Several figures inTable 7 arepresentedbetween squaredbrackets and/orwith adifferent backgroundcolourbecausetheydonotcorrespondtothecategorisationofthelengthofsentencesusedintheSPACEquestionnaire(i.e.thelowerorupperlimitsaredifferent,ortwoormorecategorieshavebeenmerged).

ALBANIA Point(K)–Under thisheadingare included personsheldasnotcriminallyresponsibleby the

court and those held partially or fully responsible who have been sentenced. Partial datacorrespondsto109inmates.ButthisfigurecannotbereportedinTable7,becausethemissingfiguresmayhavesomeinfluenceonthetotalprisonpopulation.

ARMENIA Points(B),(C)and(D)–Lessthanoneyear. Point(H)–From10tolessthan15years(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years). Point(I)–15yearsandover(insteadof20yearsandover).

AUSTRIA Prisoners with a sentence in combination with security measure of indeterminate length are

includedinitemsaccordingtothelengthofthemainsentence.AZERBAIJAN

Points(A),(B),(C),(D),and(E)–Lessthan2years; Point(F)–2yearstolessthan7years(insteadof3yearstolessthan5years); Point(G)–7yearstolessthan12years(insteadof5yearstolessthan10years); Points(H)and(I)–12yearsandover(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years).

BELGIUM Point(K)–Inmatesinrespectofwhichthesentenceisaccompaniedbyadecisiontokeepthem

available to the courts for enforcement of sentences (previously these decisionwere to keepavailable to the Government) at the end of the sentence. These sentences are enforced incustody.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(STATELEVEL) Just one pre‐trial detention unit exists at State level; consequently figures on sentenced

prisonersarenilforthisadministrativearea.BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)

Point(K)–Thereisaspecialunitforeseenfordangerousoffendersheldunderspecialregimeofdetention(butnonesentencedtoparticularsecuritymeasure).

BULGARIA Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Points(A),(B),(C)and(D)–Itisnotpossibletokeepthesegroupsseparateinthestatistics.In

thatcategoryareincludedallprisonerswithsentencesunderoneyear. Point (J) – Among 160 inmates are aswell included persons sentenced to life imprisonment

withoutthepossibilityofparole.ThissentencestillexistsintheBulgarianpenalcodeandissettoberemovedfromthenewpenalcode(undergoingproject).

CROATIA Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Point (K) – Persons under securitymeasurewithout any length of sentence imposed are not

managedwithintheprisonsystem. Point(M)–PersonssentencedundertheLawonMinorOffences(191) InTable7areincludedaswellinmateswhostartedservingprisonsentenceinadvance.Minors

donothaveaspecificlengthofsentencenorthoseundereducationalmeasures;thereforethey



arenotincludedinTable7.Attheendof2013 therewere83 personsunderspecialregimeforjuvenileoffenders.

CZECHREPUBLIC Datarelateto31stDecember2013 insteadof1st September2013. FiguresinTable7correspondtothenumberofsentencedprisonersaccordingthelengthofthe

sentencethatinmatesarecurrentlyserving. Point(K)–36personsheldinthePreventiveDetentionFacility.

DENMARK Point(K)–Underthisheadingareincluded45 personsservinganunlimitedsentenceinsecure

detention.Thesemeasureshavenotimelimits;though,annuallyanevaluationismadeinordertoestablishiftheseprisonerscouldbereleasedonatrialbasis

Point(M)–Underthisheadingareincluded19personssentencedaccordingtoCriminalLawofGreenland(specialmeasuresagainstmentallyillpeopleandparticularlydangerouspeople).

FINLAND Point(J)–Lifesentencedprisonersarenotsegregatedfromotherprisoners.Theyareentitledto

takepartinallactivitiesinprison,entitledtobeplacedinanopenprisononthesameconditionsasfixedtermprisoners,entitledtoprisonleaves(normallyaftereightyearstermserved)andtoescortedleavesonceayearifnotnormalprisonleaves.Prisonerssentencedtolifeimprisonmentcanalsobereleasedonparole.HelsinkiCourtofAppealdecidesontherelease.Releaseonparoleis possiblewhen at least 12 years of the prison sentence has been served. If the offencewascommittedwhenundertheageof21years,thecorrespondingtimeistenyears.AlifesentenceprisonercanalsobereleasedbythepardonofthePresidentoftheRepublicofFinland.Beforeprisonerisconditionallyreleasedsheorhemaybeorderedtoprobationarysupervisedfreedom.Ifprisonerisnotreleased,itispossibletoapplyagainafteroneyear.Theaveragetimeinprisonhasbeenapproximately14–15years.

FRANCE Datarelateto1stOctober2013 insteadof1st September2013. Points(A),(B),and(C)–Itisnotpossibletokeepthesegroupsseparateinthestatistics. Point(I)–From20to30years(insteadof20yearsandover); Data relate to the whole penal population, and not only on those who are held in penal

institutions.GERMANY

Datarelateto31stMarch2013 insteadof1st September2013. Point(D)–6mothsto1year(insteadof6monthstolessthan1year); Point(E)–morethan1yearto2years(insteadof1yeartolessthan3years); Point(F)–morethan2yearsto5years(insteadof3yeartolessthan5years); Point(G)–morethan5yearsto10years(insteadof5yearstolessthan10years); Point(H)–morethan10yearsto15years(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years); Point (K) – Persons under preventive measures are not included in the total number of

sentencedprisoners,becausetheyhavealreadyservedtheirsentence.GREECE

Points(B)and (C)–Fromonetolessthan6months. Point(E)–from1yeartolessthan2years(insteadof1yeartolessthan3years); Point(F)–from2yearstolessthan5years(insteadof3yeartolessthan5years); Point(H)–from10yearsto15years(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years); Point(I)–15yearsandover(insteadof20yearsandover); Point(M)–Included20prisonersfordebtsand182detaineesawaitingdeportation.

HUNGARY Point (K) –162 persons under preventive measures are not included here, because they are

servingtheirmainprisonsentences.IRELAND

Point(M)–Indefinitecontemptofcourt.



ITALY Point(K)–The“internees”undersecuritymeasuresarenotconsideredasbeingfinalsentenced

inmates. Therefore, persons undergoing security measures are not counted among finallysentencedinmates.

LATVIA Datarelateto1stOctober2013insteadof1st September2013. Point(L)–UntilDecember31st2011deathpenaltyinLatviawasnotapplicableforthecrimes

whichwerecommittedinapeacetime.CriminalLawofLatviaprovidedpossibilityofapplicationof the death sentence for the crimes committed in wartime.Deathpenaltywasexcluded fromCriminalLawofLatviasinceJanuary1st2012.

LITHUANIA Figuresareon1stJuly2013insteadof1st September2013. AccordingtothePenalProcedureCode,sentencedprisonersafterhavingsubmittedtheirwritten

consentmay start servingprison sentencebefore thehearingof their case inorderof appeal.Therefore, sentencedprisoners inappeal,aswellasprisonerswhosesentenceshadcome intoforcebeforetheirtransfertoapenitentiaryinstitutionareincludedintothegeneralnumberofprisonerswhosesentenceisinforceandtheyareservingit. InTable7areincludedadditional339persons.

MOLDOVA ThesumofthebreakdowninTable7 ishigher(additional81 persons)than thetotalnumberof

sentencedprisonersfromTable5,becausethebreakdownpresentedinTable7isavailableon1stOctober2013insteadof1stSeptemberasthefiguresinotherTablesofthisreport.

THENETHERLANDS Point(M)–148inmateswithunknownduration ofprisonsentencesimposed.

NORWAY Breakdown of prisoners in Table 7 is based on calculated estimates according to length of

sentencesimposed.Theonlyrelevantreportavailableshowsthenumberofseparatesentencesbeingserved.Inmostcasesanewsentencewillbemergedwithapreviousone,butnotalways.For the SPACEpurpose, the figureswere adjustedproportionately to equal other itemsof thequestionnaireusedforthissurvey.

Point(K) –persons sentenced to securitymeasures (Forvaring) are included inother itemsofTable 7 according to the lengthof themain sentence,which shouldbe equal to theminimumtimetobeservedasspecifiedinthesentence.

POLAND Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Providedinputscorrespondto

thenumberoffinalandnon‐finalsentencesinsteadofthenumberofpersonssentenced. ThereisadifferentbreakdownbythelengthofthesentencesinPoland:

o 1‐3months(including3months):574o From3monthsto6months(including6months):4559o From6monthsto1year:14189o From1yearto3years:31665o From3yearsto5years:8897o From5yearsto10years:5184o From10yearsto15years:2733o 25years:1672o Lifeimprisonment:338

PORTUGAL Datarelateto31stDecember2013insteadof1st September2013. Point (K) – 251 inmates under “security measures” (mentally‐ill), of which 112 placed in

psychiatricpenitentiaryhospitals,and139innon‐penitentiaryhospitals. Point(M)–46prisonerssentencedtoanindeterminateprisonterm,509withnon‐consecutive

daysofimprisonment,and3insemi‐liberty.



SERBIA Point (K) –"Securitymeasures" are special sentences for offenderswith psychiatric disorders

(notcriminallyresponsibleatthemomentwhenthecrimewascommitted). Points(A),(B),and(C)–Shortprisontermsdrasticallydecreasedbetween2012and2013asa

consequenceofalargeruseofalternativestoimprisonment(seenotebelow). Table7:Figuresdonotincludeinformationonpersonssentencedundermisdemeanouract,and

persons convicted to up to one year prison term, because they are serving alternative non‐custodial sanctions. For prison sentences of up toone yearmaybe imposed theHouse arrestsentence with or without electronic surveillance. For fine defaulters and shorter sentences(prison sentencesup to 3 years) it is possible to apply a sentence of Community Service. TheCourtmayalsodecide toconvert–underspecificcircumstances‐ thedetention incustody intothemeasureofhousearrest.

SPAIN(TOTAL) FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofmeanandmedianEuropeanvalues.SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)

On 1st January 2012 came into force a methodological reform consisting in the use of thepenitentiary information system as an official source of data for the general secretariat ofpenitentiary institutions. This adjustment made possible the collection of national dataaccordinglytotheSPACEcategories,whichisreferredinTable7.

Point(K)–personssentencedtosecuritymeasuresareincludedinitemsofTable7accordingtothelengthofthemainsentence.

Point(M)–thereare46undersecuritymeasuresbutforthesepersonsthelengthofthesentenceisnotknown.

SWEDEN Datarelateto1stOctober2013 insteadof1st September2013.

SWITZERLAND Datarelateto4thSeptember2013 insteadof1st September2013. Point (M) – In this category are included 363 persons detained for fine conversion reasons.

Moreover,underthisheadingareincludedpersonssentencedtotherapeuticalmeasure(art.49oftheCriminalCode)andthosesentencedunderspecialCriminalLawfor juveniles.Moreover,therearepersonsforwhomthelengthofthesentenceisunknown.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALES Datarelateto30thJune2013insteadof1st September2013. Point(K)–IncludedpersonsunderIndeterminateSentencesforPublicProtection Point(M)–Inthiscategoryareincludedunrecordedsentences(lessthanorequalto6months,

and1‐4years),recallsandfinedefaulters.UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

Sentence length includes both the custodial element and the licence element (i.e. period onprobation).

UK:SCOTLAND Detailcurrentlyonlyavailableforthefollowingsentencebands:

o Lessthan1year:1,393o 1to2years:967o 2to4years:1,231o 4to10years:1,586o 10yearsandover:251o Lifesentences:987(includeslifersrecalledfromlicence)

Warning:FiguresarecalculatedonadifferentbasisfromthoseprovidedinSPACEreturnsbefore2012(seenotetoTable1).Themaindifferenceisforprisonersrecalledfromlicencewherethesentence length will be the amount of time they have left to serve rather than the originalsentence.Thiswillresultinanoverestimateofthenumberofshorttermprisonersrecorded.



TABLE 7.1: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST

SEPTEMBER 2013 (PERCENTAGES)

(A) – LESS THAN 1 MONTH (F) – FROM 3 YEARS TO LESS THAN 5 YEARS (K) –SECURITY MEASURES OF INDETERMINATE LENGTH

(B) – FROM 1 MONTH TO LESS THAN 3 MONTHS (G) – FROM 5 YEARS TO LESS THAN 10 YEARS (L) – PRISONERS SENTENCED TO DEATH

(C) – FROM 3 MONTHS TO LESS THAN 6 MONTHS (H) – FROM 10 YEARS TO LESS THAN 20 YEARS (M) – OTHER SENTENCES

(D) – FROM 6 MONTHS TO LESS THAN ONE YEAR (I) – 20 YEARS AND OVER Total

(E) – FROM 1 YEAR TO LESS THAN 3 YEARS (J) – LIFE IMPRISONMENT


Country (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K) (L) (M) Total

Albania NAP 1.1 1.4 6.6 9.7 18.1 36.5 12.3 9.4 5.0 Note NAP 0.0 100.0

Andorra 5.3 0.0 10.5 10.5 26.3 26.3 0.0 21.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0

Armenia NAP 2.2 15.0 27.6 41.4 10.7 0.2 2.8 NAP NAP NAP 100.0

Austria 0.3 3.6 5.3 10.6 33.8 19.1 18.3 6.7 0.3 2.0 Note NAP NA 100.0

Azerbaijan 9.3 50.5 27.9 10.8 1.5 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0

Belgium 0.0 0.0 0.1 5.6 15.6 26.3 32.1 10.6 7.0 2.6 Note NAP NAP 100.0

BH:BiH(st.level) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP NAP NAP 0.0 0.0

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 1.3 2.3 4.9 5.1 19.0 16.6 20.6 27.0 3.2 NAP 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0

Bulgaria 31.4 31.9 14.1 10.6 9.7 0.3 2.0 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0

Croatia 0.1 0.4 2.3 10.5 34.3 19.0 17.9 11.4 4.1 NAP Note NAP NA 100.0

Cyprus 0.2 3.2 8.1 7.8 21.0 13.8 23.9 13.3 3.4 5.3 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0

CzechRep. 0.0 0.2 2.5 7.6 46.9 17.3 16.4 7.9 0.7 0.3 0.3 NAP NAP 100.0

Denmark 1.3 6.0 9.3 16.7 31.7 11.3 11.4 9.0 0.1 0.9 1.8 NAP 0.7 100.0

Estonia 0.2 0.7 3.2 8.0 24.6 24.0 25.1 11.8 0.9 1.6 NAP NAP NAP 100.0

Finland 1.5 2.8 5.6 7.2 32.0 20.1 15.8 6.9 0.0 8.0 NAP NAP NAP 100.0

France 17.7 19.0 30.2 11.0 9.6 8.7 3.2 0.8 NA NAP NA 100.0

Georgia 0.0 0.1 2.3 11.8 20.0 27.6 27.3 8.9 0.9 1.1 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0

Germany 1.3 8.9 12.9 20.6 19.8 24.8 6.9 1.2 NAP 3.6 Note NAP NAP 100.0

Greece NAP 2.4 3.5 3.0 6.8 34.5 18.8 18.6 10.4 NA NAP 2.0 100.0

Hungary 0.4 1.3 2.6 10.1 36.1 17.8 21.8 7.2 0.3 2.4 Note NAP 0.0 100.0

Iceland 0.7 2.9 6.5 8.6 36.7 15.1 18.0 11.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0

Ireland 0.2 0.3 2.2 7.5 23.7 22.9 25.6 8.0 0.5 9.1 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0

Italy 0.2 0.2 1.0 4.4 20.4 21.7 28.7 14.3 5.1 4.0 Note NAP 0.0 100.0

Latvia 0.1 0.5 1.0 3.8 18.5 20.2 38.2 16.2 0.2 1.4 NAP NAP NAP 100.0

Liechtenstein 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 50.0 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 16.7 100.0

Lithuania 0.4 1.7 1.2 4.0 25.8 23.6 24.0 17.8 0.1 1.3 NAP NAP NAP 100.0

Luxembourg 0.2 0.0 1.0 7.2 32.6 16.7 19.6 12.1 5.8 3.1 NAP NAP 1.7 100.0

Malta 0.2 0.9 3.6 7.0 21.7 18.1 16.3 23.5 6.1 2.7 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0

Moldova NAP NAP NAP 1.2 9.6 15.5 34.8 31.6 4.1 1.8 NAP NAP NAP (98.5)

Monaco 0.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0

Montenegro 1.7 1.0 8.2 4.9 22.7 26.6 27.6 4.0 3.3 NAP 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0

Netherlands 14.8 9.4 8.0 12.0 23.0 10.1 11.6 7.3 0.5 0.5 NAP NAP 2.7 100.0

Norway 2.8 10.6 8.1 16.0 28.5 13.7 11.6 8.0 0.7 NAP Note NAP 0.0 100.0

Poland NAP 0.8 6.3 19.6 43.7 12.3 7.2 3.8 2.3 0.5 NA NAP NA (96.4)

Portugal 0.0 0.9 1.9 4.0 14.5 18.9 35.8 14.2 2.9 NAP 2.1 NAP 4.8 100.0

Romania 0.6 0.0 0.2 1.9 23.1 29.4 26.4 14.7 3.2 0.5 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0

RussianFed. NAP NAP NAP 3.0 19.8 22.4 37.9 15.5 1.1 0.3 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0

SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0

Serbia 0.0 2.1 6.5 10.0 28.9 20.6 19.4 10.3 2.3 0.0 Note NAP 0.0 100.0

SlovakRep. 0.5 0.8 5.2 16.1 28.5 14.1 25.1 7.6 1.6 0.5 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0

Slovenia 0.0 0.4 4.8 7.8 32.9 21.9 19.8 9.2 3.2 0.0 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0

Spain(total) 0.3 0.1 1.6 6.2 20.4 23.5 27.7 15.4 4.7 NAP Note NAP 0.1 100.0

Spain(StateAdm.) 0.2 0.1 1.6 6.5 21.1 23.5 27.1 15.0 4.9 NAP Note NAP 0.1 100.1

Spain(Catalonia) 0.8 0.2 1.4 5.0 16.1 23.3 31.3 17.8 3.5 NAP 0.6 NAP 0.0 100.0

Sweden 0.4 5.4 5.8 10.1 32.7 17.3 16.2 8.3 0.3 3.4 NAP NAP NAP 100.0

Switzerland 3.5 14.3 16.1 3.0 21.5 14.0 8.4 4.8 NAP 1.0 3.8 NAP 9.7 100.0

theFYROMacedonia 0.0 0.8 3.6 10.1 26.9 21.8 23.8 11.6 0.0 1.4 NAP NAP NAP 100.0

Turkey 5.7 8.2 10.7 15.4 23.2 14.2 16.9 1.3 0.1 4.2 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0

Ukraine

UK:Engl.&Wales 0.3 1.9 4.2 3.0 21.7 16.4 18.2 6.4 0.6 10.7 7.9 NAP 8.7 100.0

UK:North.Ireland 0.1 1.0 4.0 8.8 23.6 17.3 20.7 9.5 0.6 14.1 NA NAP 0.4 100.0

UK:Scotland 21.7 15.1 19.2 24.7 3.9 15.4 NA NAP NA 100.0

Mean 2.8 2.7 4.9 8.3 24.0 19.1 22.0 10.8 2.3 3.1 1.2 1.4

Median 0.3 0.9 3.8 7.5 23.1 18.5 20.6 10.0 0.8 1.6 0.0 0.0

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Maximum 31.4 20.0 20.0 20.6 50.0 50.5 50.0 31.6 18.6 15.4 7.9 16.7



TABLE 7.2: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST

SEPTEMBER 2013 (CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGES)


CountryLessthan1year

1yearandover(fixed‐term

sentence)

3yearsandover(fixed‐term

sentence)


sentence)


sentence)

Totalfixed‐termsentences

Lifeimprisonment

Other&securitymeasures

Total

Albania 9.1 85.9 76.2 58.1 21.7 95.0 5.0 0.0 100.0Andorra 26.3 73.7 47.4 21.1 21.1 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Armenia 2.2 95.0 80.0 52.4 11.0 97.2 2.8 0.0 100.0Austria 19.8 78.2 44.4 25.3 7.1 98.0 2.0 0.0 100.0Azerbaijan 9.3 89.2 89.2 38.7 10.8 98.5 1.5 0.0 100.0Belgium 5.7 91.6 76.0 49.7 17.6 97.4 2.6 0.0 100.0BH:BiH(st.level) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 0.0BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 13.6 86.4 67.5 50.8 30.2 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Bulgaria 31.4 66.7 34.7 20.6 10.0 98.0 2.0 0.0 100.0Croatia 13.3 86.7 52.4 33.4 15.5 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Cyprus 19.3 75.4 54.4 40.7 16.7 94.7 5.3 0.0 100.0CzechRep. 10.3 89.1 42.2 25.0 8.6 99.4 0.3 0.3 100.0Denmark 33.2 63.4 31.8 20.5 9.1 96.6 0.9 2.5 100.0Estonia 12.1 86.3 61.7 37.7 12.7 98.4 1.6 0.0 100.0Finland 17.1 74.9 42.9 22.7 7.0 92.0 8.0 0.0 100.0France 36.6 62.6 32.4 21.5 11.8 99.2 0.8 0.0 100.0Georgia 14.2 84.7 64.7 37.1 9.7 98.9 1.1 0.0 100.0Germany 43.8 52.7 32.9 8.1 1.2 96.4 3.6 0.0 100.0Greece 5.9 81.6 78.7 71.9 37.4 87.6 10.4 2.0 100.0Hungary 14.4 83.1 47.0 29.2 7.4 97.6 2.4 0.0 100.0Iceland 18.7 81.3 44.6 29.5 11.5 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Ireland 10.2 80.7 57.0 34.1 8.5 90.9 9.1 0.0 100.0Italy 5.7 90.3 69.8 48.1 19.4 96.0 4.0 0.0 100.0Italyminors Latvia 5.3 93.2 74.7 54.5 16.4 98.6 1.4 0.0 100.0Liechtenstein 0.0 83.3 66.7 16.7 0.0 83.3 0.0 16.7 100.0Lithuania 7.3 91.3 65.5 42.0 17.9 98.7 1.3 0.0 100.0Luxembourg 8.5 86.7 54.1 37.4 17.9 95.2 3.1 1.7 100.0Malta 11.7 85.6 63.9 45.8 29.6 97.3 2.7 0.0 100.0Moldova 1.2 95.5 85.9 70.4 35.6 96.7 1.8 0.0 (98.5)Monaco 60.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 20.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Montenegro 15.8 84.2 61.5 34.9 7.3 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Netherlands 44.3 52.5 29.5 19.5 7.9 96.8 0.5 2.7 100.0Norway 37.5 62.5 34.0 20.3 8.7 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Poland 26.7 69.3 25.5 13.2 6.1 96.0 0.5 0.0 (96.4)Portugal 6.8 86.3 71.8 52.9 17.2 93.1 NAP 6.9 100.0Romania 2.7 96.8 73.7 44.3 17.9 99.5 0.5 0.0 100.0RussianFed. 3.0 96.7 76.9 54.5 16.6 99.7 0.3 0.0 100.0SanMarino 0.0 100.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Serbia 18.5 81.5 52.5 32.0 12.6 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0SlovakRep. 22.6 76.9 48.4 34.3 9.2 99.5 0.5 0.0 100.0Slovenia 13.0 87.0 54.1 32.2 12.4 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Spain(total) 8.3 91.7 71.2 47.7 20.0 99.9 NAP 0.1 100.0Spain(StateAdm.) 8.4 91.6 70.5 46.9 19.8 100.0 NAP 0.1 100.1Spain(Catalonia) 7.5 92.0 75.9 52.6 21.3 99.4 NAP 0.6 100.0Sweden 21.8 74.8 42.2 24.9 8.6 96.6 3.4 0.0 100.0Switzerland 36.9 48.6 27.1 13.1 4.8 85.5 1.0 13.5 100.0theFYROMacedonia 14.6 84.1 57.2 35.4 11.6 98.6 1.4 0.0 100.0Turkey 40.0 55.8 32.6 18.4 1.4 95.8 4.2 0.0 100.0Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 9.4 63.3 41.6 25.1 7.0 72.7 10.7 16.7 100.0UK:North.Ireland 13.9 71.6 48.0 30.7 10.0 85.5 14.1 0.4 100.0UK:Scotland 21.7 62.9 47.8 28.6 3.9 84.6 15.4 0.0 100.0Mean 16.6 77.5 54.0 34.9 13.0 94.1 3.1 1.3 Median 13.4 83.2 53.3 34.2 11.2 97.8 1.6 0.0 Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Maximum 60.0 100.0 89.2 71.9 37.4 100.0 15.4 16.7



TABLE 7.3: LENGTHS OF LESS THAN ONE YEAR OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED

PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (PERCENTAGES)





6monthstolessthan1year

Totallessthan1year

Albania NAP 12.3 14.9 72.8 100.0Andorra 20.0 0.0 40.0 40.0 100.0Armenia NAP 100.0 100.0Austria 1.7 18.0 26.9 53.4 100.0Azerbaijan 100.0 100.0Belgium 0.0 0.9 2.4 96.8 100.0BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 9.8 17.1 35.8 37.4 100.0Bulgaria 100.0 100.0Croatia 0.7 3.3 17.4 78.6 100.0Cyprus 1.1 16.5 41.8 40.7 100.0CzechRep. 0.1 2.1 24.2 73.6 100.0Denmark 3.8 18.1 27.9 50.2 100.0Estonia 1.3 6.0 26.3 66.3 100.0Finland 8.5 16.6 32.6 42.3 100.0France 48.2 51.8 100.0Georgia 0.0 0.9 15.9 83.1 100.0Germany 3.1 20.2 29.6 47.1 100.0Greece NAP 40.5 59.5 100.0Hungary 3.1 9.1 17.8 70.0 100.0Iceland 3.8 15.4 34.6 46.2 100.0Ireland 1.7 3.1 22.0 73.2 100.0Italy 2.7 3.6 16.7 77.0 100.0Italyminors Latvia 2.0 8.6 18.8 70.6 100.0Liechtenstein 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Lithuania 5.9 23.3 16.1 54.6 100.0Luxembourg 2.9 0.0 11.4 85.7 100.0Malta 1.9 7.7 30.8 59.6 100.0Moldova NAP NAP NAP 100.0 100.0Monaco 0.0 33.3 33.3 33.3 100.0Montenegro 10.6 6.5 52.0 30.9 100.0Netherlands 33.5 21.3 18.1 27.1 100.0Norway 7.3 28.3 21.7 42.7 100.0Poland NAP 3.0 23.6 73.4 100.0Portugal 0.5 13.1 27.7 58.6 100.0Romania 20.3 1.6 8.2 69.9 100.0RussianFed. NAP NAP NAP 100.0 100.0SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 0.0 11.1 35.1 53.8 100.0SlovakRep. 2.3 3.7 23.0 71.0 100.0Slovenia 0.0 2.9 37.0 60.1 100.0Spain(total) 3.3 1.5 19.5 75.7 100.0Spain(StateAdm.) 2.2 1.3 19.5 77.0 100.0Spain(Catalonia) 10.8 2.9 19.4 66.9 100.0Sweden 1.8 24.9 26.7 46.5 100.0Switzerland 9.6 38.7 43.6 8.1 100.0theFYROMacedonia 0.0 5.4 25.1 69.6 100.0Turkey 14.1 20.6 26.8 38.5 100.0Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 3.0 20.1 44.6 32.3 100.0UK:North.Ireland 0.6 7.0 29.1 63.4 100.0UK:Scotland 100.0 100.0Mean 12.2 13.4 24.2 55.5 Median 2.5 8.2 24.6 59.1 Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Maximum 100.0 100.0 52.0 100.0

Strasb

Seen

Allmmedia

ForLwas msente

Givenfigurefigurefigure

FIG

Figurprisopriso

Betw2008,thatt

Form

0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

70 %

bourg, 15 Decem

otestoTable

mergedcategoan,minimum

Lithuania,themade on theencesbeforet

n thatMoldaes used in Te. Therefore,eon1stOctob

GURE 3: CO

re3providesn sentencesnerssentenc

een2008an,17.1%in20thelatestava

moreaccurate

13.6 %

13.9 %

14.2%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

BH: R

ep. Srpska

UK: N

orth. Ireland

Geo

rgia

European

European

mber 2014, pc‐c

es5and7.

ories(e.g.catmandmaximu

etotalnumbee basis of cothefinalsent

avian figuresable 5, the athe total nuber2013inst

UNTRIES W

aclassificati(less than oedtolesstha

d2013thee009,16.4%inilablefiguref

ecomparison

14.2 %

14.4 %

14.6 %

15.8 %

Geo

rgia

Hungary

the FYR

O M

acedonia

Montenegro

n Mean=16.3

nMedian=13.3

cp\space\docum

NOTES –

tegories(a)aumindicators

erofsentenceomments onenceisprono

s on the cateadjustment wumber of seneadoftheon

WITH HIGHES

ionofthecouone year). Tan1yearwer

evolutionoftn2010,18.6%for2013isth

ns,notestoTa

17.1 %

18.5 %

18.7 %

Finland

Serbia

Iceland

3

ments\pc‐cp (20

– TABLES 7.1

and(b)orotsattheEurop

edprisonersn the additioounced.Cons

egories of sewas made intenced inmaneon1stSepte

ST PERCENT

THAN ONE

untrieswithtThis Figure ireabovetheE

theEuropean%in2011,14helowestone

able7should

19.3 %

19.8 %

21.7 %

218%

Cyprus

Austria

UK: Scotland

Swed

en

014) 11

1, 7.2, AND

ther)wereexpeanlevel.

wasadjustednal categoryequently,the

entenced inmaccordancetes used forember2013

TAGES OF P

E YEAR

thehighestpincludes 23Europeanmed

nmedianfoll4.9%in2012eofthelatest

dbetakenint

21.8 %

22.6 %

26.3 %

26.7 %

Swed

en

Slovak Rep

.

Andorra

Poland

Council

7.3

xcludedfrom

dforTables7y of inmateserewereadde

mates do notwith the comTables 7.1 tshowninTab

RISONERS S

percentagesocountries wdianvalue(1

lowedthecu,and13.3%tseries.

toaccount.

31.4 %

33.2 %

36.6 %

Bulgaria

Den

mark

France

of Europe Annua

PC‐

mthecalculat

7.1to7.3.The that start sed339inmat

t correspondmments on tto7.3 correspble5.

SENTENCED

ofprisonersswhere the pe3.3%).

urvilineartrenin2013.One

36.9 %

37.5 %

40.0 %

Switzerland

Norw

ay

Turkey

al Penal Statistics

‐CP (2014) 11

tionofmean,

eadjustmentserving theirtes.

to the totalthe availableponds to the

D TO LESS

servingshortrcentages of

nd:15.6%inecanobserve

43.8 %

44.3 % 60.0 %

Germany

Netherlands

Monaco

s 119

,

tr

lee

tf

ne

120 Council of Europ

Strasbourg, 15

pe Annual Penal S

5 December 201

B

Statistics: SPACE

14, pc‐cp\space

B. Pri

I – 2013

e\documents\p

son Mo

pc‐cp (2014) 11

ovemennts during 20

PC‐CP (201

12

14) 11





TABLE 8: FLOW OF ENTRIES TO PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012


CountryTotalnumberofentriesin2012

Rateofentriestopenal

institutionsper100000

inhabitants

EntriesbeforefinalsentenceEntriesaftertherevocation,

suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation

Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry(TOTAL)

EntriesfollowingtransferfromaMemberStateoftheEU

Number%inthetotalnumberofentries



Number

%inthenumberofentriesfollowing

transferfromaforeigncountry

Albania 4090 141.1 3620 88.5 211 5.2 72 1.8 66 91.7

Andorra 90 113.6 45 50.0 4 4.4 0 0.0 0 0.0

Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA

Austria 11495 136.0 8387 73.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Azerbaijan 8579 91.7 7720 90.0 NA NA 88 1.0 0 0.0

Belgium 18311 164.1 11513 62.9 NA NA NA NA NA NA

BH:BiH(st.level) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 1795 125.9 438 24.4 0 0.0 14 0.8 6 42.9

Bulgaria 6138 84.3 2238 36.5 0 0.0 102 1.7 NA NA

Croatia 11660 273.6 NA NA NA NA 15 0.1 12 80.0

Cyprus 3153 364.1 1662 52.7 1487 47.2 4 0.1 1 25.0

CzechRep. 14278 135.8 5409 37.9 NA NA 125 0.9 NA NA

Denmark 13903 248.2 NA NA 38 0.3 NA NA NA NA

Estonia 2657 201.3 1974 74.3 NA NA 9 0.3 9 100.0

Finland 6066 111.8 2187 36.1 NA NA 25 0.4 19 76.0

France 90983 138.7 46676 51.3 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Georgia 3472 77.6 1043 30.0 8 0.2 35 1.0 1 2.9

Germany 101551 126.1 47047 46.3 NA NA 109 0.1 84 77.1

Greece NA NA NA NA NA NA 3 NA 3 100.0

Hungary 23919 241.4 11389 47.6 NA NA 0 0.0 0 0.0

Iceland 323 100.4 122 37.8 12 3.7 7 2.2 7 100.0

Ireland 17244 375.6 3803 22.1 NA NA 3 0.0 3 100.0

Italy 63020 105.6 53828 85.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Latvia 15088 745.5 10085 66.8 4951 32.8 52 0.3 47 90.4

Liechtenstein (60) (162.9) (49) (81.7) (4) (6.7) (0) (0.0) (0) (0.0)

Lithuania 9274 312.1 5999 64.7 NA NA 52 0.6 NA NA

Luxembourg 832 154.9 710 85.3 86 10.3 1 0.1 1 100.0



CountryTotalnumberofentriesin2012

Rateofentriestopenal

institutionsper100000

inhabitants

EntriesbeforefinalsentenceEntriesaftertherevocation,

suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation

Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry(TOTAL)

EntriesfollowingtransferfromaMemberStateoftheEU




Number

%inthenumberofentriesfollowing

transferfromaforeigncountry

Malta 686 162.8 413 60.2 61 8.9 1 0.1 1 100.0

Moldova 15461 434.4 3948 25.5 985 6.4 69 0.4 0 0.0

Monaco 175 462.6 144 82.3 0 0.0 5 2.9 3 60.0

Montenegro 3138 503.9 746 23.8 1 0.0 16 0.5 0 0.0

Netherlands 38993 232.4 16971 43.5 NA NA 172 0.4 NA NA

Norway 10306 204.0 3935 38.2 NA NA 2 0.0 2 100.0

Poland 95580 248.0 18335 19.2 NA NA 1206 1.3 NA NA

Portugal 6605 63.0 2835 42.9 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Romania 15295 76.4 4960 32.4 NA NA 213 1.4 NA NA

RussianFed. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

SanMarino 9 28.6 6 66.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Serbia 27355 380.9 8745 32.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

SlovakRep. 9028 166.9 2883 31.9 NA NA 114 1.3 NA NA

Slovenia 3888 188.8 867 22.3 NA NA 6 0.2 6 100.0

Spain(total) 52335 112.0 33455 63.9 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Spain(StateAdm.) 45032 114.7 29766 66.1 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Spain(Catalonia) 7303 97.6 3689 50.5 58 0.8 NA NA NA NA

Sweden 38983 407.9 29483 75.6 NA NA 109 0.3 38 34.9

Switzerland NA NA 42914 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

theFYROMacedonia 2360 114.4 125 5.3 0 0.0 27 1.1 1 3.7

Turkey 207082 273.8 58007 28.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Ukraine

UK:Engl.&Wales 112772 198.0 59450 52.7 16481 14.6 NA NA NA NA

UK:North.Ireland 6362 347.7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Mean 214.5 49.9 7.4 0.7 53.2

Median 163.5 47.6 3.7 0.4 68.0

Minimum 28.6 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Maximum 745.5 90.0 47.2 2.9 100.0



NOTES – TABLE 8

BELGIUM Given that persons under ElectronicMonitoring are included in the total number of inmates (see

Table1.1),theentriesunderthistypeofregimeareincludedinthetotalnumberofentries.BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(STATELEVEL)

At theState level there isonlyonpre‐trial detentionunit.Therefore, thenumberof entries is100%relatedtotheentriesbeforefinalsentence.

BULGARIA InTable8only the totalnumberofentries inprisons is included.Figuresdonot relate to the

entriesintoinvestigationdetentionfacilities[IDF]. Onlynew entries in the penal system are included in the total number of entries.Movements

suchastransfersbetweenprisonsarenotincludedinthisTable.CYPRUS

Totalnumberofentriesinpenalinstitutions in2012 was13,138,ofwhich3,159wereentriesinprisoninstitutionand9,983wereentriesinpolicestations.

IntheTable8thecalculationisbasedonlyonthenumberofentriesinprison.Informationonthebreakdownofentriesinpolicestationsisnotavailable.

ThereisonlyoneprisoninCyprus. EntriesfollowingtransferfromaMemberStateoftheEU:OneentryfromtheUK.

CZECHREPUBLIC Entries following transfer from a foreign country: The Prison Service of the Czech Republic

providesescortsofinmatesfromforeigncountries.Moreover,someescortswereprovidedfromtheborders(crossborderescorts)buttherearenofiguresavailableonthistypeoftransfers.

Othertransferswereprovidedbythepolice.Yet, thePrisonServicedoesnotkeepanyspecificdataaboutsuchtransfers.ThedatamaybeavailableattheMinistryofInteriororattheMinistryofForeignAffairs.

FINLAND Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry:Includesallthepersonswhohavebeenbrought

fromabroadtoaFinnishprison.Thisnumberincludesthefollowing:o Personswho entered Finnish prison on the basis of extradition (14): the personwas

apprehended abroad on the basis of the Nordic (NAW) or European (EAW) orinternational arrest warrant issued by the Finnish prosecutor (on the basis of theongoingcriminalprocedure)or issuedby theCriminalSanctionsAgency (inorder toenforcetheprisonsentenceinFinland),and

o Persons who are transferred as prisoners (11): the enforcement of the sentence hasbeendecidedtotakeoverfromanothercountryintoFinland.

EntriesfollowingtransferfromaMemberStateoftheEU:Infouroutofnineteencasesthecountrywasnotregistered.

IRELAND Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry: Transfer fromMember State of the European

Union(3fromtheUnitedKingdom).LIECHTENSTEIN

AccordingtoatreatybetweenLiechtensteinandAustria,long‐termprisonersusuallyservetheirsentencesinAustrianpenalinstitutions.Forthisreason,ratesarepresentedbetweenbrackets.

THENETHERLANDS Entries included in Table 8 are only entries in penal institutions. Entries in custodial clinics,

institutionsforjuvenilesandinstitutionsforaliensareexcluded.Inthetotalnumberofentriesareincludedentriesfromfreesocietyandthosefrompolicestationsintopenalinstitutions.

Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry:TheseareinmateswhowereconvictedoutsidetheNetherlands,buttheycanservetheirsentenceintheNetherlands.Suchprocedures,basedonaspecial law(WOTS),make the transferenceof theexecutionofcriminal judgementspossible.



Theseprisonersdonothave tobeborn in theNetherlands,but thereshouldbesome formofbond/tie with the Netherlands (e.g. because of having the Dutch nationality and living andworkingthere).Sincethe1stNovember2012anewlaw(WETS)isinforce,whichregulatesthispossibilitytoo,butonlyforEuropeancountries.

NORWAY Entries after the revocation, suspension or annulment of the conditional release or probation:

Nearly all revocations are combined with a new sentence. Therefore no separate figures areavailableforthiscategoryofentries.

SANMARINO Under the Criminal Code (Art. 99), a person serving a sentence of at least six months

imprisonmentinSanMarinomaybetransferredtoa“foreignpenalinstitution”,ifthecompetentjudge decides so, and if there is a relevant international agreement. These prisoners are notincluded in the San Marino statistics. For this reason, rate and percentage in Table 8 arepresentedbetweenbrackets.

SERBIA ERRATASPACEI2012:

o Total number of entries is 26,856 (instead of 27,355 as it is stated in SPACE I 2012report).

o Numberofentriesbeforefinalsentenceis8,510(insteadof8.745).SWEDEN

9.2:ThesystemofrevocationofconditionalreleaseorprobationisappliedinSwedishsystem:o Supervision:thisreferstopersonssentencedtosupervisionfornormallyoneyear,but

with a probation period of three years. Conditions may be added, e.g. staying in aninstitutionforsubstanceabusers.

o Conditionalreleasewithsupervision:Inaccordancewithcertainrules,thosewhohaveservedaprisonsentencemaybereleasedwhenamajorpartofthesentencehasbeenserved. Those accounted for under the probation service are personswho have beenconditionallyreleasedandhaveasupervisor.

Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry:Refersonlytoclientswhohavestartedservingthesentenceinthesentencingcountry.

SWITZERLAND In the total number of entries (57,670) are also included the transfers between prisons and

entriesafterescapeswithalengthofmorethan7days. Giventhatthis figuredoesnotfit thedefinitionused inSPACEquestionnaire, itwasexcluded

fromTable8andispresentedhereonlyforinformation.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

Entriesaftertherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation: Thenewrecordingsystemdoesnotallowanylongerisolatingrecallreceptions.

Numberofentriesbefore final sentence: taken from Offender Management Statistics Quarterly(October‐December2013)Annualreceptionstables.Referstoremand(untried)firstreceptionsplusremand(convictedunsentenced)firstreceptionsinTableA2.5.

Number of entries after the revocation, suspension or annulment of the conditional release orprobation: is taken from Table 5.1 Offender Management Statistics Quarterly (January‐March2013)andreferstoprisonersrecalledtoprisonafterbeingoutonlicence.

UK:NORTHERNIRELAND These figuresarebasedon initial admission toanyof thePrisonEstablishmentsor the Juvenile

JusticeCentre,andthereforedonotincludeanychangesofcustodialstatusduringtimeincustody.



TABLE 9: FLOW OF RELEASES FROM PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012


Country

Totalnumberofreleasesin2012(A)

Rateofreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsper100000inhabitants

Pre‐trialdetaineesreleasedFinalsentencedprisoners

released

Ofwhich

Other

Releasesasaresultofareleaseundercondition(incl.

conditionalreleaseandexternalplacementunderElectronicMonitoringor

Probation)

Unconditionalreleasesattheendofacustodialsentence

Otherreleasesoffinalsentencedprisoners

Number(B)

%inthetotal

numberofreleases

Number(C)

%inthetotal

numberofreleases

Number(C.1)

%inthetotal

numberoffinal

sentencedprisonersreleased

Number(C.2)

%inthetotal

numberoffinal


Number(C.3)

%inthetotal

numberoffinal


Number(D)

%inthetotal

numberofreleases

Albania 4117 142.0 2269 55.1 1848 44.9 327 17.7 1521 82.3 0.0 0.0 0 0.0Andorra 86 108.6 44 51.2 42 48.8 4 9.5 35 83.3 3.0 7.1 0 0.0Armenia 1752 57.9 414 23.6 1307 74.6 280 21.4 989 75.7 38.0 2.9 31 1.8Austria 11645 137.8 2522 21.7 7370 63.3 3275 44.4 3448 46.8 647.0 8.8 1753 15.1Azerbaijan 5968 63.8 662 11.1 5306 88.9 1665 31.4 3365 63.4 276.0 5.2 NA NABelgium 17141 153.6 7351 42.9 8490 49.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1300 7.6BH:BiH(st.level) NA NA NA NA 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1824 128.0 473 25.9 1342 73.6 358 26.7 956 71.2 28.0 2.1 9 0.5Bulgaria 6742 92.6 682 10.1 6026 89.4 819 13.6 5203 86.3 4.0 0.1 34 0.5Croatia 11318 265.5 3166 28.0 3225 28.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA 4927 43.5Cyprus 2307 266.4 849 36.8 1449 62.8 700 48.3 749 51.7 0.0 0.0 9 0.4CzechRep. 14736 140.1 1860 12.6 11912 80.8 4658 39.1 7254 60.9 NAP NAP 964 6.5Denmark NA NA NA NA 8738 NA 3456 39.6 5282 60.4 NA NA 34 NAEstonia 2675 202.6 535 20.0 2140 80.0 438 20.5 1655 77.3 47.0 2.2 0 0.0Finland 6150 113.3 1241 20.2 4822 78.4 3682 76.4 1140 23.6 0.0 0.0 87 1.4France 88058 134.3 10496 11.9 77562 88.1 7980 10.3 69582 89.7 0.0 0.0 0 0.0Georgia 11045 246.7 449 4.1 10596 95.9 3678 34.7 3477 32.8 3441.0 32.5 0 0.0Germany NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 17541 177.0 4483 25.6 9771 55.7 3792 38.8 5761 59.0 218.0 2.2 3287 18.7Iceland 334 103.8 78 23.4 254 76.0 167 65.7 76 29.9 12.0 4.7 2 0.6Ireland 17400 379.0 4272 24.6 13128 75.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAItaly 73347 122.9 29879 40.7 42000 57.3 18038 42.9 23962 57.1 NA NA 468 0.6Latvia 3758 185.7 1209 32.2 2518 67.0 571 22.7 1925 76.4 22.0 0.9 31 0.8Liechtenstein (53) (143.9) (5) (9.4) (46) (86.8) (7) (15.2) (5) (10.9) (34.0) (73.9) (2) (3.8)Lithuania NA NA NA NA 4848 NA 1203 24.8 3607 74.4 38.0 0.8 37 NALuxembourg 1179 219.5 406 34.4 608 51.6 308 50.7 299 49.2 1.0 0.2 165 14.0



Country

Totalnumberofreleasesin2012(A)

Rateofreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsper100000inhabitants

Pre‐trialdetaineesreleasedFinalsentencedprisoners

released

Ofwhich

Other

Releasesasaresultofareleaseundercondition(incl.

conditionalreleaseandexternalplacementunderElectronicMonitoringor

Probation)

Unconditionalreleasesattheendofacustodialsentence

Otherreleasesoffinalsentencedprisoners

Number(B)

%inthetotal

numberofreleases

Number(C)

%inthetotal

numberofreleases

Number(C.1)

%inthetotal

numberoffinal


Number(C.2)

%inthetotal

numberoffinal


Number(C.3)

%inthetotal

numberoffinal


Number(D)

%inthetotal

numberofreleases

Malta 654 155.2 310 47.4 286 43.7 34 11.9 14 4.9 238.0 83.2 58 8.9Moldova 3030 85.1 1600 52.8 1430 47.2 389 27.2 326 22.8 715.0 50.0 0 0.0Monaco 165 436.2 47 28.5 106 64.2 NA NA 103 97.2 NA NA 12 7.3Montenegro 3019 484.8 472 15.6 2547 84.4 1396 54.8 1018 40.0 133.0 5.2 0 0.0Netherlands 39551 235.7 10434 26.4 28399 71.8 682 2.4 27717 97.6 NAP NAP 718 1.8Norway 10443 206.7 2082 19.9 7343 70.3 2531 34.5 4085 55.6 727.0 9.9 1018 9.7Poland 92569 240.2 14820 16.0 77749 84.0 25337 32.6 45805 58.9 6607.0 8.5 0 0.0Portugal 5672 54.1 NA NA NA NA 1427 NA 2621 NA NA NA 1624 28.6Romania 13944 69.7 1351 9.7 12593 90.3 10229 81.2 560 4.4 1804.0 14.3 0 0.0RussianFed. 250393 174.5 71329 28.5 155511 62.1 25530 16.4 NA NA NA NA 23553 9.4SanMarino (8) (25.4) (7) (87.5) (1) (12.5) (1) (100.0) (0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0) (0.0)Serbia 28165 392.2 9317 33.1 18688 66.4 600 3.2 16974 90.8 1114.0 6.0 160 0.6SlovakRep. 6973 128.9 1130 16.2 5843 83.8 2471 42.3 3313 56.7 59.0 1.0 0 0.0Slovenia 3846 186.8 902 23.5 1049 27.3 597 56.9 402 38.3 50.0 4.8 1895 49.3Spain(total) 53443 114.4 16750 31.3 36693 68.7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASpain(StateAdm.) 46438 118.3 14210 30.6 32228 69.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASpain(Catalonia) 7005 93.6 2540 36.3 4465 63.7 1045 23.4 3129 70.1 291.0 6.5 NA NASweden NA NA NA NA 9502 NA 7578 79.8 1924 20.2 NAP NAP 103 NASwitzerland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 3013 146.1 825 27.4 2173 72.1 676 31.1 748 34.4 749.0 34.5 15 0.5Turkey 120002 158.7 NA NA 63098 52.6 16753 26.6 46345 73.4 NA NA NA NAUkraine 55676 122.7 14314 25.7 41362 74.3 28774 69.6 NA NA 0.0 0.0 NA NAUK:Engl.&Wales NA NA NA NA 86258 NA 41027 47.6 45231 52.4 NA NA NA NAUK:North.Ireland 6380 348.7 2349 36.8 3925 61.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA 106 1.7UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAMean 177.3 28.2 64.7 35.9 53.3 6.3Median 145.0 25.8 68.2 32.0 57.1 0.6Minimum 25.4 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 484.8 87.5 95.9 100.0 97.6 49.3



NOTES – TABLE 9

ARMENIA Point(C.3):areincluded18individualpardons,5personsreleasedunderamnestydecision,15

personsreleasedinordertoexecutepublicworks. Point(D):underthisheadingareincluded28deathsand3releasesforhealthreasons.

AUSTRIA Point(C.3):Inthiscategoryareincludedadditional647 releasesforotherreasons,forexample,

the inmates havebeen extradited to another country, have reached an individual pardonor areprievewasgranted.

Point(D):areincludedthefollowingcategoriesofreleases:o personsunderpsychiatrictreatmentorsecuritymeasures,o peoplewhowereinprisoninordertosupportotheradministrativeauthorities,o prisonerswhowereheldunderprovisionalarrestforforeigngovernments,o people who were held under provisional arrest at the very beginning of the pre‐trial

investigationbutfinallypre‐trialdetentionwasrejectedbycourt.AZERBAIJAN

Point(C.3):189sentencedprisonerswerebeengrantedpardon(decreesof15.03.12;22.06.12;31.08.12); 87 prisonerswere released from serving the rest of the custodial sentence due tochangeofthetypeofpunishmentorforotherreasons(thesentencehadbeenrecalledetc.).

BELGIUM Point(C.1):TheexternalplacementunderElectronicMonitoringisnotconsideredinBelgiumas

areleasebutasacontinueddetentionunderaparticularregime. Point(D):1,300releases,ofwhich:

o Releasesof“internees”(seepoint(5)ofTable1.1,andnotestothetable),o Illegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons(seepoint(6)ofTable1.1),o PersonsplacedatthedisposaloftheCourtsofenforcementofsentences(seeTable5.2),o JuvenilesheldintheFederalCentreforjuvenileoffenders(seepoint(2)ofTable1.1),o Personsunderarrest,o Personsundertemporarysuspendedconditionalreleaseorprobation(withoutrevocation),o Inmateswithtemporarylegalstatusduetoatransferfromaforeigncountry.

Point (D‐ADD): Deaths, escapes or other forms of releases when inmates are considered tocontinueservingtheirsentences(e.g.non‐returnsfrompenitentiaryleavearenotincludedinthetotal numberof releases.These events arenot consideredas “releases”whileBelgian internalcountingrulesareapplied.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(STATELEVEL) Point(C):Therewasonesentencedpersonreleased.This situation is consideredasa release.

Butactually,itcorrespondstoatransferfromthepre‐trialdetentionunittoaprisonfacilityinordertoservetheprisontermafterthefinalsentencewasimposed.

BH:REPUBLIKASRPSKA Point (D): 9 convicted prisoners discharged (removed from the records). All these situations

correspondtothedeathsduetonaturalcauses.BULGARIA

Point (B): includes only releases from the units for pre‐trial detention in prisons withoutinvestigationdetentionfacilities[IDF].

Point(D):referstotransfersofprisonerstoothercountries.CROATIA

Point(D):underthisheadingareincluded12deaths,69releasesof juvenileswitheducationalmeasures,and4,846releasesofpersonssentencedforminoroffenses.

CYPRUS InTable9areincludedonlyreleasesfromprisonwithoutreleasesfrompolicestations. Point(D):Hereareincludedpersonstransferredtotheircountriesoforigin.



CZECHREPUBLIC Point(D): categoriesof releasesare thesame forpre‐trialdetaineesandsentencedprisoners:

deaths, releases related to health reasons, transfers to psychiatric hospital not run by PrisonService,alltypesofextraditiontoforeigncountries,pardonsandreleasesorderedbycourt.

DENMARK Point(D):31pardonsand3deaths.

FINLAND Point(C.2):1,140releasesincludedinthiscategory,ofwhich1,104(97%)werefinedefaulters. Point(D): Includingdeaths (9), transfersandexpulsions toother countries (64), enforcement

interrupted(4),otherreasons(10). NB:AccordingtotheFinnishlegislationfinedefaultersmustservetheirwholesentenceinprison

withoutapossibilitytobeconditionallyreleased.FRANCE

Point(C.1):Numberoffinalsentencedprisonersreleasedconcernsonlytheconditionalreleaseswhichallowedtheliftingofthestatusof“écroué”.

GERMANY Releases are recorded nation‐wide only in the months of March, August and November.

Moreover,nodataarecollectedon thereleasesofpre‐trialdetainees.Therefore,nodatahavebeenmadeavailableforTable9.

HUNGARY Point (D): 3,287 cases, of which 3,199 released from arrest, 37 abolition of forced medical

treatment,and51deathcases.ICELAND

Point(C.3):Paymentoffinesthatleadstoreleaseofprisonerswhowereservingprisontermsasalternative to paying fines. One person died in prison and the other one was transferred tohomelandcountrytocompletehissentence.

IRELAND Some juveniles will have received a detention/supervision order which is a period of post

releasesupervision.Suchreleasesarenotrecorded.ITALY

Point(D):releasesofthepersonsunder"securitymeasures". NB:Thedistributionbycategories inTable9correspondstoatotalof98.6%.Thereare1,000

releases for which the detail on the type of event is missing. Therefore these events are notincludedinTable9.

LATVIA Point(C.3):Underthisheadingareincludedthereleasesduetodiseaseoftheconvicts,changes

ofthesentences,aswellastheresultoftheapplicationoftheamnesty. Point(D):includeddeathsoccurredincustodyofpre‐trialandsentencedprisoners.

LIECHTENSTEIN Point(C):Apartofthesentencedprisonersarebroughttothecontractpartner(Austria)and,in

severalcaseswhenpersonsareEuropeancitizens,theyarereleasedinAustria. Point(C.1):7personssentoutonprobation. Point(C.3):36personssentoutaccordingtotheprovisionsofthelawofAUG(Administrative

foreigninmates),aswellaspersonsheldforadministrativereasons(Ausnüchterung),andthoseundertheproceduresofextradition.

LITHUANIA OnlythenumberoffinalsentencedprisonersreleasedispresentedinTable9.Dataonpre‐trial

detaineesreleasedisnotavailable. Point(C.3):Othertypesofreleasesforsentencedprisoners:

o Dischargefromsentenceduetoillness(6)o Re‐sentencingaftertheprocedureofappeal(19)



o Re‐sentencingaftertheprocedureofcassation(6)o Individualpardons(3)o Suspendedsentencesforjuveniles,art.92ofCriminalCode(4).

Point (D): Included 35 deaths and 2 escapes leading to the removal of the status of"inmate/prisoner".

LUXEMBOURG Point(C.3):Areincludeddivisionsoftheprisonsentences.

MOLDOVA Point (C.3): includes releases as a result of application of the amnesties, collective/individual

pardons, releases replacing the unexecuted punishment with a milder punishment or a fine,releases due to illness, conditional releases before time and after serving the sentence withprivilegedcalculationofworkingdays.

MONACO Point(C.1):includes 12releasesofpre‐trialinmatesthatwereplacedunderconditionalrelease. Point(C.3):includes1releasebeforethetermasaconsequenceofapplicationoftheindividual

pardongrantedbyHSHTheSovereignPrince. Point(D):Ofwhich9inmatesextraditedand3inmatestransferred.

MONTENEGRO General: The releases aredeterminedby the regularendof the sentence, conditional release,

pardonandamnesty,andalargenumberoffinesconvertedintoaprisonsentence.Regularly,afewdaysafterthereceiptoftheconvictssomeonepaytheirfineandtheselaterarereleased.

THENETHERLANDS Releases included inTable9areonlyreleases from penal institutions.Releases fromcustodial

clinics,institutionsforjuvenilesandinstitutionsforalienswereexcluded. Points(C.1)and(C.2):There isamorestrictsystemofearly releaseapplied.Previously,early

releasewaspossibleafter6monthsofcompulsorycustody.Now,thereisaminimumof1year.Inthenewsystemspecialconditionscanbeattachedtotheearlyrelease.Peoplewithasentenceofnolongerthan1year(thevastmajority)arereleasedwithoutconditions,becausetheyarenotcandidates for early release.But personsheld inprison for longer thanone year are releasedearlyunderspecialconditions.Firstreleasesunderthenewsystemweremadein2009.Intotalin2012,therewere995peoplereleasedearly,ofwhich682leftprisonwithspecialconditions.

Point(C.1):IfsomeoneisleavingprisonunderElectronicMonitoring,thisisnotconsideredasa“release”inDutchsystem.

Point(D):unknownwhetherreleasedasapre‐trialorasentencedprisoner.NORWAY

Point (D): 11 deaths in prison; 8 deaths outside of prison; 3 pardoned; 54 transferred tocompleteasentenceintheirhomecountries;432expelled;24expelledonpetitionfromhomecountry;140escapes/evasions;841fines.

POLAND Point (D): Under this heading are as well included inmates from the category "punished" (a

punishedpersonservesasentenceofpre‐trialdetentionor imprisonment forexample fornotpayingafinepenaltyorformisbehaviourinthecourt).

PORTUGAL Point(D):acquittal,changeofthewayofenforcingthecustodialsentence,decriminalisation of

certainoffences,definitivedismissingoftheprosecutioninaccordancewithlimitationperiodofproceedings,death,extraditiontothehomelandcountriesoftheprisoners.

The reasons forother formsof releasesgenerally applied are:ElectronicMonitoring, terminalillness,death,expulsionorextradition.Theabovereasonsmightapplytothepre‐trialdetaineesandtothefinalsentencedprisoners.

ROMANIA Point (D): Are included deaths, pardons, releases as result of break in sentence enforcement,

suspendedsentences,sentencesconditionallysuspendedwiththesurveillance,extraditions,etc.



SANMARINO Under the Criminal Code (Art. 99), a person serving a sentence of at least six months

imprisonmentinSanMarinomaybetransferredtoa“foreignpenalinstitution”,ifthecompetentjudge decides so, and if there is a relevant international agreement. These prisoners are notincluded in the San Marino statistics. For this reason, rate and percentage in Table 9 arepresentedbetweenbrackets.

SERBIAERRATASPACEI2012:

Point(A):26,973releases. Point(B):8,733releases. Point(C):18,061releases,ofwhich(c.1)=990;(c.2)=16,256;and(c.3)=815. Point (D): 179 releases. In this report, under this heading are included 160 releases that

correspondtotheinmatespunishedforminoroffences.SLOVENIA

Point (C.1): 231 conditional releases, 341 early releases, and 25 conditional releases withsupervision.

Point(C.3):50othercases,includingchangesinsentence,death,interruptionofsentenceetc.SPAIN(TOTAL) FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofmeanandmedianEuropeanvalues.SWEDEN

General:OnlythenumberoffinalsentencedprisonersreleasedispresentedinTable9.Dataonthepre‐trialdetaineesreleasedisnotavailable.

Point (D): The group is leaved the custody for other reasons, as deaths, executionmoved toothercountriesorotherreasontoleave.Theyhavenotbeen“released”.


Point(D):areincluded7re‐openedprocedures and8deaths.TURKEY

Point(A):thetotalnumberofprisonersisincluded,eventhoseforwhomthefinaljudgmenthasbeenappealed.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALES General:AllitemstakenfromTableA3.1ofOffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(October‐

December 2013, Annual tables) and Table A3.4 of OffenderManagement StatisticsQuarterly(October‐December2013,Annualtables).

Point (C): is the number of releases of determinate sentence prisoners (Table A3.1) plus thenumberofreleasesofindeterminatesentenceprisoners(TableA3.4).

Point (C.1): refers to prisoners released on parole after serving a sentence of 12 months ormore.Thisincludesthosereleasedafteranindeterminatesentence.

Point(C.2):referstoprisonersreleasedwithoutsupervisionafterservingasentenceoflessthan12months.

UK:NORTHERNIRELAND General:AllJuvenilesreleasedfromtheJuvenileJusticeCentrecontainanelementofprobation

inthecommunitybeginningondischargefromcustody,soall46juvenilesreleasedwillbeundercondition.Informationisnotavailableonthosereleasedfromtheprisonestablishments.

Point(D):includes7Deaths,1Deported,34Extradited,18ImmigrationHoldCentre,20BorderControlAgencyand26ReleasedbyHospitalOrder.



TABLE 10: TURNOVER RATIO OF INMATES IN 2012


CountryTotalnumberofinmateson1stSeptember2011

Totalnumberofentriesin2012

(Table8)

Totalnumberofreleasesin2012

(Table9)

Turnoverratio(Estimatedexitrate

per100potentialexits)

Albania 4772 4090 4117 46.5Andorra 36 90 86 68.3Armenia 4514 NA 1752 38.8Austria 8767 11495 11645 57.5Azerbaijan 23191 8579 5968 18.8Belgium 11825 18311 17141 56.9BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) 20 NA NA NABH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1054 1795 1824 64.0Bulgaria 11137 6138 6742 39.0Croatia 5084 11660 11318 67.6Cyprus 688 3153 2307 60.1CzechRep. 23170 14278 14736 39.4Denmark 3947 13903 NA NAEstonia 3385 2657 2675 44.3Finland 3261 6066 6150 65.9France 64147 90983 88058 56.8Georgia 24186 3472 11045 39.9Germany 70931 101551 NA NAGreece 12479 NA NA NAHungary 17413 23919 17541 42.4Iceland 149 323 334 70.8Ireland 4257 17244 17400 80.9Italy 67104 63020 73347 56.4Latvia 6556 15088 3758 17.4Liechtenstein 13 60 53 72.6Lithuania 9504 9274 NA NALuxembourg 644 832 1179 79.9Malta 599 686 654 50.9Moldova 6337 15461 3030 13.9Monaco 32 175 165 79.7Montenegro 1328 3138 3019 67.6Netherlands 11579 38993 39551 78.2Norway 3535 10306 10443 75.4Poland 81382 95580 92569 52.3Portugal 12681 6605 5672 29.4Romania 29823 15295 13944 30.9RussianFed. 780100 NA 250393 NASanMarino 2 9 8 72.7Serbia 10955 27355 28165 73.5SlovakRep. 10713 9028 6973 35.3Slovenia 1273 3888 3846 74.5Spain(total) 71995 52335 53443 43.0Spain(StateAdm.) 61279 45032 46438 43.7Spain(Catalonia) 10716 7303 7005 38.9Sweden 6742 38983 NA NASwitzerland 6065 NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 2515 2360 3013 61.8Turkey 126725 207082 120002 35.9Ukraine 158532 49198 55676 26.8UK:Engl.&Wales 85374 112772 NA NAUK:North.Ireland 1703 6362 6380 79.1UK:Scotland 8267 NA NA NAMean 53.8Median 56.8Minimum 13.9Maximum 80.9



NOTES – TABLE 10

Table10showstheestimatedturnoverratio(per100inmateslikelytobereleased)foreachcountry.Thisratiocorrespondstotheestimatedexitrateper100potentialexits.

Rawdatausedforthecalculationsarethetotalprisonpopulationson1stSeptember2011(stock)whichwas retrieved from the SPACE I 2011 report and thenumbers of entries (flowof entries) and releases(flowofreleases)during2012weretakenfromTables8and9ofpresentreport.

Thesumofthestockandtheflowofentriesprovidesanestimationofthetotalnumberofinmateslikelyto be released during the year (i.e. the potential exits). This number is then put in relation with theeffectivenumberofreleasesduring2012.

Wearefullyawarethat,fromatheoreticalpointofview,itwouldhavebeennecessarytousetheprisonpopulationon1stJanuary2012(insteadof1stSeptember2011),butthisfigureisnotavailable.Onecouldnotethatforthreecountries(Azerbaijan,Latvia,andMoldova)thecalculatedturnoverratiosareverylow (less than 20%).Nevertheless, figures forAzerbaijan and Latvia s have been validated bynationaladministrations.Therefore,theseinputsareincludedinTable10andinFigure4.

CYPRUS Thetotalnumberofentriesintopenalinstitutions in2012corresponds to thenumberof entries inprison

institution(3,153)withoutincludingtheentriestopolicestations.Thenumberofreleasesisaswellgivenfrom prison institution (2,307). This is due to the fact that data from police stations are not available.Consequently,thestockfigureusedforthecalculationinTable10wasadaptedaccordinglytothenumberofinmatesonlyinprisonwithoutpolicestations.

FRANCE Thetotalstockwasadjustedaccordingtothestatus“écrouésdétenus”tocorrespondtotheinmateswho

aredefactoheldincustody.LATVIA

In2011,theturnoverratiowas15.3%,sothesituationin2012remainedquitesimilar.Oneofthepossibleexplanations isthat judges imposelongsentencesandpersonsare inheld incustodyfor longtime.Since2013,thereisareformundergoingthatmayhaveaninfluenceontheturnoverratiointhefuture.

THENETHERLANDS EntriesandreleasesincludedinTable10areentriesintopenalinstitutions.Entriesandreleasesinto/from

custodialclinics,institutionsforjuvenilesandinstitutionsforalienswereexcludedfromthesefigures.

FIGURE 4: COUNTRIES WITH LOWEST TURNOVER RATIOS IN 2012

Figure4providesaclassificationofthecountrieswiththelowestturnoverratiosper100inmatesduringtheyear2012.ThisFigureincludes21countrieswheretheratioswereabovetheEuropeanmedianvalue(56.8%).InSPACEI2012,thenumberofcountriesbeinginthesamesituationwas18(foramedianvalueof58.1%).Theverylowvaluesofturnoverratiosmightbecomeanindicatorofapotentialovercrowding.Nevertheless,formoreaccuratecomparisons,notestoTables8and9shouldbetakenintoaccount.

13.9

17.4

18.8

26.8

29.4

30.9

35.3

35.9

38.8

38.9

39.0

39.4

39.9

42.4

43.0

43.7

44.3

46.5

50.9

52.3

56.4

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Moldova

Latvia

Azerbaijan

Ukraine

Portugal

Rom

ania

SlovakRep.

Turkey

Arm

enia

Spain(Catalonia)

Bulgaria

CzechRep.

Georgia

Hungary

Spain(total)

Spain(StateAdm

.)

Estonia

Albania

Malta

Poland

Italy

European Mean=53.8%

EuropeanMedian=56.8%



TABLE 11.1: INDICATOR OF AVERAGE LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT IN 2012, BASED ON THE

TOTAL NUMBER OF DAYS SPENT IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS


Country

Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenal

institutionsin2012

Averagenumberofinmatesin2012

Totalnumberofentriesin2012

Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonm

ent

Numberofdaysspentinpre‐trialdetentionin2012

Averagenumberofdetaineesinpre‐trialdetentionin2012

Numberofentriesbeforefinal

sentencein2012

Indicatorofaveragelengthofpre‐trialimprisonm

ent

Numberofdaysspentininst.forjuvenilesin2012

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)

Albania 1864055 5093 4090 14.9 760660 2078 3620 6.9 39055

Andorra 14981 41 90 5.5 8349 23 45 6.1 830

Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Austria 3242096 8858 11495 9.2 610532 1668 8387 2.4 51461

Azerbaijan NA NA 8579 NA NA NA 7720 NA NA

Belgium 4177637 11414 18311 7.5 1321258 3610 11513 3.8 33048

BH:BiH(st.level) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAP

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 371205 1014 1795 6.8 36135 99 438 2.7 3650

Bulgaria NA NA 6138 NA NA NA 2238 NA NA

Croatia 1829634 4999 11660 5.1 313296 856 NA NA 30744

Cyprus 255865 699 3153 2.7 49947 136 1662 1.0 8796

CzechRep. 7251275 19812 14278 16.7 855787 2338 5409 5.2 46255

Denmark 1454087 3973 13903 3.4 497057 1358 NA NA NAP

Estonia NA NA 2657 NA NA NA 1974 NA NA

Finland 1126390 3078 6066 6.1 228490 624 2187 3.4 NAP

France 24748194 67618 90983 8.9 6097005 16658 46676 4.3 95680

Georgia NA NA 3472 NA NA NA 1043 NA NA

Germany 24961645 68201 101551 8.1 NA NA 47047 NA 2140519

Greece NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Hungary 6849383 18714 23919 9.4 NA NA 11389 NA NA

Iceland 54081 148 323 5.5 7866 21 122 2.1 NAP

Ireland 1580547 4318 17244 3.0 207551 567 3803 1.8 17030

Italy 24022371 65635 63020 12.5 9606110 26246 53828 5.9 NA

Latvia NA NA 15088 NA NA NA 10085 NA NA

Liechtenstein 3630 10 60 2.0 463 1 49 0.3 0

Lithuania 3615690 9879 9274 12.8 721240 1971 5999 3.9 66795

Luxembourg 248524 679 832 9.8 NA NA 710 NA NA

Malta NA NA 686 NA NA NA 413 NA NA

Moldova NA NA 15461 NA NA NA 3948 NA NA

Monaco 10338 28 175 1.9 4526 12 144 1.0 NAP

Montenegro 527324 1441 3138 5.5 136324 372 746 6.0 NA

Netherlands 4222320 11536 38993 3.6 2072105 5661 16971 4.0 NA

Norway 1310616 3581 10306 4.2 344878 942 3935 2.9 NAP

Poland 19579443 53496 95580 6.7 NA NA 18335 NA NA

Portugal 4849025 13249 6605 24.1 961410 2627 2835 11.1 NA

Romania 13813091 37741 15295 29.6 357058 976 4960 2.4 782679

RussianFed. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

SanMarino 348 1 9 1.3 157 0 6 0.9 0

Serbia 4082293 11154 27355 4.9 1042822 2849 8745 3.9 46816

SlovakRep. NA NA 9028 NA NA NA 2883 NA NA

Slovenia 517716 1415 3888 4.4 114683 313 867 4.3 8432

Spain(total) 25621872 70005 52335 16.1 4028489 11007 33455 3.9 NAP

Spain(StateAdm.) 21819335 59616 45032 15.9 3370410 9209 29766 3.7 NAP

Spain(Catalonia) 3802537 10389 7303 17.1 658079 1798 3689 5.8 NAP

Sweden 2226428 6083 38983 1.9 636174 1738 29483 0.7 NAP

Switzerland 2429878 6639 NA NA 727817 1989 42914 0.6 NAtheFYROMacedonia 936297 2558 2360 13.0 137808 377 125 36.1 17992

Turkey NA NA 207082 NA 29369478 80244 58007 16.6 1454568

Ukraine

UK:Engl.&Wales NA NA 112772 NA NA NA 59450 NA NA

UK:North.Ireland NA NA 6362 NA NA NA NA NA 10367

UK:Scotland 2925049 7992 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Mean 8.6 5.2

Median 6.7 3.8

Minimum 1.3 0.3

Maximum 29.6 36.1



NOTES – TABLE 11.1

ThecalculationsmadeinTable11.1arebasedonthefollowinginputs:

Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenal

institutionsin2012

Averagenumberofinmatesin2012

Totalnumberofentriesin

2012

Indicatorofaveragelength

ofimprisonment

Numberofdaysspentinpre‐trial

detentionin2012

Averagenumberofdetaineesinpre‐trial

detentionin2012

Numberofentriesbeforefinalsentence

in2012

Indicatorofaveragelengthofpre‐trial

imprisonment

(Table8) (inmonths) (Table9) (inmonths)

(a) (b)=a/366 (c) (d)=12(b/c) (e) (f)=e/366 (g) (h)=12(f/g)

Column(i)inTable11.1ispresentedonlyforinformationandwasnotusedforanycalculation.

AUSTRIA Point (i): shows the number of days spent in penal institutions by juvenile offenders (aged

under18).BELGIUM

Point(a):Thetotalnumberofdaysspent inpenal institutionsdoesnot includetheplacementunderElectronicMonitoring(EM).ThenumberofdaysspentunderEMin2012was369,341.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA) Point(a):The totalnumberof daysspent inpenitentiaryestablishments isdetermined in the

followingmanner:theaveragedailynumberofsentencedpersonsandpre‐traildetainees(918sentenced and 99 pre‐trial detainees) who were kept in the penitentiary establishments inRepublikaSrpskainthecourseof2012wasmultipliedbythenumberofdaysintheyear.

Thesamepatternwasusedtogetthenumberofdaysspentinthepre‐trailestablishmentsandthoseforjuvenileoffendersduring2012.

CYPRUS Point(a):Totalnumberofdays spentinpenalinstitutionsin2012 (incl.pre‐trialdetention):

o 255,865daysinPrisonand52,795inpolicestations. Point(e):Numberofdaysspentinpre‐trialdetentionin2012:

o 49,947days inPrisonand52,795 inpolicestations.Thebigdiscrepancybetween thisyear’sfiguresandthoseofpreviousyearsforpolicestationsisduetotheterminationoftheoperationofanumberofwardsinthedetentioncentres.

Point(i):8,796(onlyprisoninstitutionisconcernedbythistypeofdetention). Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonmentwascalculatedonlyonforprisoninstitutionwithout

policestations.FINLAND

Point(a):Arenotincluded54,750daysspentinsupervisedprobationaryfreedom.FRANCE

Point(a):Thenumberofdayscorrespondstothedaysspentincustodywithoutthosedaysofsupervisionoutsidepenalinstitutions.Thetotalnumberofdaysundercommunitysupervisionis3,830,068daysfortheyear2012.

GERMANY Point(i):Numberofdaysspentininstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersin2012=mean(average)

ofpersonsheldincustodialinstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersmultipliedby365days.HUNGARY

Point (a): Calculations are based on the total number of inmates, who spent any number ofnightsinprisons(rangingfromeven1nightuptolife‐sentenceimprisonment).

IRELAND Point(i): JuvenileOffendersaredetained inChildrenDetentionSchools forbothpre‐trialand

sentence.



LIECHTENSTEIN The indicator of average length of imprisonment should be used very cautiously, as certain

prisonersfromLiechtensteinservetheirsentencesinAustrianandSwissprisons.THENETHERLANDS

Figures included in Table 11.1 are only of penal institutions. Figures for custodial clinics,institutionsforjuvenilesandinstitutionsforalienswereexcluded.

Point(a):2,119,190daysareforsentencedprisonersandof31,025daysitisunknownwhethertheyarespentbypre‐trialorsentencedprisoners.

PORTUGAL Point (a): Calculations are based on the average total number of inmates (13,285) for 2012,

multipliedby365days. Point (e): For pre‐trial detention the same proceeding was applied based on the average of

2,634detainees.ROMANIA

Point (i): The number of days corresponds to the calculation made in the penitentiaries forminorsandyouthaswellasinre‐educationcentres.

SPAIN(TOTAL) FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofmeanandmedianEuropeanvalues.UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

Point(i):Figurebasedonarollcalleverydayandthereforeover‐countsthosewhoareonlyintheJuvenileJusticeCentreforamatterofhours.

UK:SCOTLAND General:Figuresforfinancialyear1April2012to31March2013.

COMMENTS ON TABLE 11.2:

Assomecountriesdidnotprovidedataonthetotalnumberofdaysspent inpenal institutions in2012heading (a)ofTable11.1 andother countriesprovided figures thatdidnot seem reliable (seenotesbelow), inTable11.2wehavecalculatedanalternativeindicatoroftheaveragelengthof imprisonment(inmonths)basedonthetotalnumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2012,whichisusedasanestimateoftheaveragenumberofinmatesduringthatyear(source:SPACEI2012).

CYPRUS Calculationsarebasedonthefiguresforprisoninstitution.Thisisduetothefactthatdatafrom

policestationsarenotavailable.Consequently,thestockfigureusedforthecalculationinTable11.2wasadaptedaccordinglytothenumberofinmatesonlyinprisonwithoutpolicestations.

GEORGIA Calculatedindicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonmentis80.3months.Thisfigureseemstobe

fullyunreliable.Therefore,thisinputwasexcludedfromTable11.2.FRANCE

Stock figure corresponds to the real number of thosepersonshosted insidepenal institutionswithoutthosepersonssupervisedinthecommunity.



TABLE 11.2: INDICATOR OF AVERAGE LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT IN 2012, BASED ON THE

TOTAL STOCK OF INMATES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2012


CountryTotalnumberofinmateson

1stSeptember2012(SPACEI2012)

Totalnumberofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2012

(Table8)

Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonment(inmonths)

Albania 4890 4090 14.3Andorra 41 90 5.5Armenia 4714 NA NAAustria 8756 11495 9.1Azerbaijan 21034 8579 29.4Belgium 12310 18311 8.1BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) 20 NA NABH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1062 1795 7.1Bulgaria 10663 6138 20.8Croatia 4741 11660 4.9Cyprus 694 3153 2.6CzechRep. 22644 14278 19.0Denmark 3829 13903 3.3Estonia 3417 2657 15.4Finland 3196 6066 6.3France 66704 90983 8.8Georgia 23227 3472 [NA]Germany 69268 101551 8.2Greece 12479 NA NAHungary 17585 23919 8.8Iceland 152 323 5.6Ireland 4323 17244 3.0Italy 66271 63020 12.6Latvia 6195 15088 4.9Liechtenstein 8 60 1.6Lithuania 10033 9274 13.0Luxembourg 659 832 9.5Malta 622 686 10.9Moldova 6621 15461 5.1Monaco 41 175 2.8Montenegro 1229 3138 4.7Netherlands 11324 38993 3.5Norway 3551 10306 4.1Poland 84156 95580 10.6Portugal 13614 6605 24.7Romania 31883 15295 25.0RussianFed. 717400 NA NASanMarino 1 9 1.3Serbia 11070 27355 4.9SlovakRep. 11075 9028 14.7Slovenia 1377 3888 4.3Spain(total) 69621 52335 16.0Spain(StateAdm.) 59410 45032 15.8Spain(Catalonia) 10211 7303 16.8Sweden 6431 38983 2.0Switzerland 6599 NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 2543 2360 12.9Turkey 120275 207082 7.0Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 86048 112772 9.2UK:North.Ireland 1779 6362 3.4UK:Scotland 8145 NA NAMean 9.4Median 8.1Minimum 1.3Maximum 29.4



TABLE 12: ESCAPES FROM PENAL INSTITUTIONS DURING 2012


CountryNumberof

escapesin2012(a)

Totalnumberofinmateson1st

September2012,SPACEI2012

Rateofescapesper10,000prisoners

Otherformsofescapein2012

(b)

Rateofotherformsofescapesper10,000inmates

Albania 0 4890 0.0 12 24.5Andorra 0 41 0.0 0 0.0Armenia 0 4714 0.0 0 0.0Austria 3 8756 3.4 26 29.7Azerbaijan 0 21034 0.0 2 1.0Belgium 14 12310 11.4 633 514.2BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) NA 20 NA NA NABH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 0 1062 0.0 0 0.0Bulgaria 0 10663 0.0 0 0.0Croatia 3 4741 6.3 24 50.6Cyprus 0 694 0.0 1 14.4CzechRep. 0 22644 0.0 25 11.0Denmark 13 3829 34.0 102 266.4Estonia 1 3417 2.9 0 0.0Finland 14 3196 43.8 299 935.5France 89 66704 13.3 869 130.3Georgia 0 23227 0.0 0 0.0Germany 6 69268 0.9 327 47.2Greece NA 12479 NA NA NAHungary 0 17585 0.0 3 1.7Iceland 2 152 131.6 4 263.2Ireland 1 4323 2.3 67 155.0Italy 14 66271 2.1 188 28.4Latvia 0 6195 0.0 7 11.3Liechtenstein 0 8 0.0 0 0.0Lithuania 0 10033 0.0 3 3.0Luxembourg 0 659 0.0 14 212.4Malta 0 622 0.0 0 0.0Moldova 2 6621 3.0 0 0.0Monaco 0 41 0.0 0 0.0Montenegro 2 1229 16.3 5 40.7Netherlands 2 11324 1.8 448 395.6Norway 14 3551 39.4 166 467.5Poland 1 84156 0.1 8 1.0Portugal 23 13614 16.9 65 47.7Romania 8 31883 2.5 0 0.0RussianFed. 14 717400 0.2 151 2.1SanMarino 0 1 0.0 0 0.0Serbia 2 11070 1.8 76 68.7SlovakRep. 1 11075 0.9 1 0.9Slovenia 2 1377 14.5 39 283.2Spain(total) 4 69621 0.6 952 136.7Spain(StateAdm.) 4 59410 0.7 718 120.9Spain(Catalonia) 0 10211 0.0 234 229.2Sweden 4 6431 6.2 192 298.6Switzerland 24 6599 36.4 489 741.0theFYROMacedonia

27 2543 106.2 100 393.2

Turkey 25 120275 2.1 3028 251.8Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 10 86048 1.2 453 52.6UK:North.Ireland 0 1779 0.0 NA NAUK:Scotland 9 8145 11.0 12 14.7Mean 10.7 130.0Median 1.0 28.4Minimum 0.0 0.0Maximum 131.6 935.5



NOTES – TABLE 12

Escapes by inmates (convicted prisoners or pre‐trial detainees under the supervision of theprisonadministration) fromaclosedpenal institutionorduringanadministrative transfer (forexample,to/fromacourt,anotherpenalinstitution,orahospital)during2012.

Otherformsofescape(abscondingorrunningoff):Examplesareescapesfromopeninstitutions(such as work farms) or from semi‐detention, and escapes during an authorised short‐termabsence(orleave)fromallkindsofinstitutionsduring2012.

The SPACE I questionnaire specifies that the countingunit for Table 12 should be the escapedperson.Therefore,whennoexplicitnoteswereprovidedby thenationalcorrespondents,weassumedthat thiscounting unit has been respected (i.e. Table 12 refers to persons and not to cases of escape involvingseveralprisoners).

DENMARK Point (a): 13 escapes, of which 9 escaped directly from prison and 4 during transfer to/from court or

hospital. Point (b): 102 escapes, of which 95 absconding from open prisons. This figure does not include fail to

appearfromleave.ESTONIA

Point(a):Allescapeeshavebeenapprehended.FRANCE

Thecountingunitistheevent(escape),whichmightimplymanypersons. In2012,17escapesoccurredfromthepenalinstitutionsimplying22inmatesintheseevents.943persons

escapedwhiletheywereoutsidethepenalinstitutions(includingsentencingadjustments). Escape under custodial guards: escapes from custody, during medical removals or transfers, outdoor

placement,sports’outingsandallexitssupervisedbytheprisonstaff. Escape custodial guards off: escapes occurred under police guard and those including sentencing

adjustments. In 2012, there is a distinctionmade between the authorised leaves under andwithout custodial guard’

supervision.Thenumberofescapesunderthecustodialguardishigherthanin2011(=60).THENETHERLANDS

Figuresrefertothepopulationintheclosedprisons.Othercategoriesofinstitutions(forjuvenileoffenders,forillegalaliensandcustodialclinics)arenotincludedinthisTable.

POLAND Point(a):Oneescape(oneperson). Point(b):Sixescapes(8persons).

PORTUGAL Point (b): 65 prisoners failed to return from penitentiary leave without surveillance. In 2012, 10,162

authorisedleaveswithoutsurveillancehavebeengranted.SLOVENIA

Point (b): Among 39 escapes are aswell included 16 escapes fromCorrectional Institution for Juvenileoffenderswitheducationalmeasure;15ofthemescapedduringauthorisedshort‐termabsence.

SPAIN(TOTAL) Point(a):2escapesfromCourtand2escapesfromtheHospital.SWEDEN

Point(a):EscapesfromclosedpenalinstitutionsUK:ENGLANDANDWALES

Figuresprovidedarefor2012/13financialyear(1April2012to31March2012). Point(b):Thenumberofotherformsofescapescorrespondstothenumberofabscondsandnon‐returns

fromReleaseonTemporaryLicense.UK:SCOTLAND

Figuresareforfinancialratherthancalendaryears(i.e.from1April2012to31March2013).



TABLE 13.1: DEATHS IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012 (BY TYPE OF REGISTERED DEATH)


Country Totalnumberofdeathsinpenal

institutionsin2012

Ofwhich Totalnumberofinmateson1st

September2012

Mortalityrateper10,000inmatesHomicides

%homicides

Accidents%

accidents

Drug/alcohol

intoxications

%intoxications

Suicides%

suicides

Othercauses(incl.illness)

%other

Albania 8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 100.0 4890 16.4Andorra 1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 100.0 0 0.0 41 243.9Armenia 28 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 10.7 25 89.3 4714 59.4Austria 33 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 12 36.4 21 63.6 8756 37.7Azerbaijan 133 0 0.0 3 2.3 0 0.0 4 3.0 126 94.7 21034 63.2Belgium 52 NA NA NA NA NA NA 13 25.0 NA NA 12310 42.2BH:BiH(st.level) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 20 NABH:Fed.BiHBH:Rep.Srpska 9 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 9 100.0 1062 84.7Bulgaria 32 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 12.5 28 87.5 10663 30.0Croatia 13 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 7.7 12 92.3 4741 27.4Cyprus 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 694 0.0CzechRep. 49 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 16 32.7 33 67.3 22644 21.6Denmark 5 0 0.0 NA NA 0 0.0 4 80.0 1 20.0 3829 13.1

Estonia 5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 100.0 3417 14.6Finland 4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 50.0 2 50.0 3196 12.5France 166 2 1.2 NA NA 17 10.2 96 57.8 51 30.7 66704 24.9Georgia 66 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 1.5 65 98.5 23227 28.4Germany 119 NA NA 3 2.5 NA NA 57 47.9 59 49.6 69268 17.2Greece 26 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 12479 20.8Hungary 55 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 14.5 47 85.5 17585 31.3Iceland 1 1 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 152 65.8Ireland 5 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 20.0 1 20.0 3 60.0 4323 11.6Italy 153 0 0.0 NA NA NA NA 56 36.6 NA NA 66271 23.1Latvia 31 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 12.9 7 22.6 20 64.5 6195 50.0Liechtenstein 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 0.0Lithuania 35 2 5.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 14.3 28 80.0 10033 34.9Luxembourg 3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 66.7 1 33.3 659 45.5Malta 1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 100.0 622 16.1Moldova 31 NA NA 2 6.5 2 6.5 5 16.1 22 71.0 6621 46.8Monaco 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 41 0.0Montenegro 4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 25.0 3 75.0 1229 32.5Netherlands 25 1 4.0 1 4.0 0 0.0 10 40.0 13 52.0 11324 22.1



Country Totalnumberofdeathsinpenal

institutionsin2012

Ofwhich Totalnumberofinmateson1st

September2012

Mortalityrateper10,000inmatesHomicides

%homicides

Accidents%

accidents

Drug/alcohol

intoxications

%intoxications

Suicides%

suicides

Othercauses(incl.illness)

%other

Norway 6 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 66.7 2 33.3 3551 16.9Poland 107 NA NA NA NA NA NA 18 16.8 NA NA 84156 12.7Portugal 66 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 16 24.2 50 75.8 13614 48.5Romania 115 2 1.7 1 0.9 1 0.9 22 19.1 89 77.4 31883 36.1RussianFed. 4124 NA NA 662 16.1 NA NA NA NA NA NA 717400 57.5SanMarino 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0Serbia 90 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 7.8 83 92.2 11070 81.3SlovakRep. 23 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 26.1 17 73.9 11075 20.8Slovenia 6 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 50.0 3 50.0 1377 43.6Spain(total) 191 0 0.0 6 3.1 34 17.8 30 15.7 121 63.4 69621 27.4Spain(StateAdm.) 147 0 0.0 5 3.4 31 21.1 25 17.0 86 58.5 59410 24.7Spain(Catalonia) 44 0 0.0 1 2.3 3 6.8 5 11.4 35 79.5 10211 43.1Sweden 16 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 43.8 9 56.3 6431 24.9Switzerland 29 20 69.0 NA NA NA NA 9 31.0 NA NA 6599 43.9theFYROMacedonia 8 0 0.0 2 25.0 1 12.5 0 0.0 5 62.5 2543 31.5Turkey 345 4 1.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 39 11.3 302 87.5 120275 28.7UkraineUK:Engl.&Wales 192 0 0.0 NA NA NA NA 60 31.3 132 68.8 86048 22.3UK:North.Ireland 7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 42.9 1779 39.3UK:Scotland 18 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 5.6 NA NA 8145 22.1Mean 4.4 1.6 2.3 23.0 60.1 35.4Median 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.8 65.9 28.4Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 100.0 25.0 21.1 100.0 100.0 243.9



TABLE 13.2: SUICIDES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012


Country

Totalnumberofdeathsinpenal

institutionsin2012

Suicides %suicidesOfwhich:Numberoffemales

%offemale

suicidesinthetotalnumberofsuicides

Totalnumberofinmateson

1stSeptember

2012

Suiciderateper10,000inmates

Albania 8 0 0.0 0 0.0 4890 0.0Andorra 1 1 100.0 0 0.0 41 243.9Armenia 28 3 10.7 0 0.0 4714 6.4Austria 33 12 36.4 0 0.0 8756 13.7Azerbaijan 133 4 3.0 1 25.0 21034 1.9Belgium 52 13 25.0 1 7.7 12310 10.6BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) NA NA NA NAP NAP 20 NABH:Fed.BiHBH:Rep.Srpska 9 0 0.0 0 0.0 1062 0.0Bulgaria 32 4 12.5 0 0.0 10663 3.8Croatia 13 1 7.7 1 100.0 4741 2.1Cyprus 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 694 0.0CzechRep. 49 16 32.7 0 0.0 22644 7.1Denmark 5 4 80.0 0 0.0 3829 10.4

Estonia 5 0 0.0 0 0.0 3417 0.0Finland 4 2 50.0 0 0.0 3196 6.3France 166 96 57.8 5 5.2 66704 14.4Georgia 66 1 1.5 NA NA 23227 0.4Germany 119 57 47.9 2 3.5 69268 8.2Greece 26 NA NA NA NA 12479 NAHungary 55 8 14.5 0 0.0 17585 4.5Iceland 1 0 0.0 0 0.0 152 0.0Ireland 5 1 20.0 0 0.0 4323 2.3Italy 153 56 36.6 3 5.4 66271 8.5Latvia 31 7 22.6 2 28.6 6195 11.3Liechtenstein 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 0.0Lithuania 35 5 14.3 0 0.0 10033 5.0Luxembourg 3 2 66.7 0 0.0 659 30.3Malta 1 0 0.0 0 0.0 622 0.0Moldova 31 5 16.1 0 0.0 6621 7.6Monaco 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 41 0.0Montenegro 4 1 25.0 0 0.0 1229 8.1Netherlands 25 10 40.0 1 10.0 11324 8.8Norway 6 4 66.7 0 0.0 3551 11.3Poland 107 18 16.8 NA NA 84156 2.1Portugal 66 16 24.2 2 12.5 13614 11.8Romania 115 22 19.1 0 0.0 31883 6.9RussianFed. 4124 NA NA NA NA 717400 NASanMarino 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0Serbia 90 7 7.8 0 0.0 11070 6.3SlovakRep. 23 6 26.1 0 0.0 11075 5.4Slovenia 6 3 50.0 0 0.0 1377 21.8Spain(total) 191 30 15.7 1 3.3 69621 4.3Spain(StateAdm.) 147 25 17.0 1 4.0 59410 4.2Spain(Catalonia) 44 5 11.4 0 0.0 10211 4.9Sweden 16 7 43.8 0 0.0 6431 10.9Switzerland 29 9 31.0 NA NA 6599 13.6theFYROMacedonia 8 0 0.0 0 0.0 2543 0.0Turkey 345 39 11.3 11 28.2 120275 3.2UkraineUK:Engl.&Wales 192 60 31.3 1 1.7 86048 7.0UK:North.Ireland 7 0 0.0 0 0.0 1779 0.0UK:Scotland 18 1 5.6 NA NA 8145 1.2Mean 11.3 23.0 5.4 11.2Median 4.0 16.8 0.0 5.4Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 96.0 100.0 100.0 243.9



TABLE 13.3: TYPES OF DEATHS AND SUICIDES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012


Country

Doesthedataincludepersonswhodiedor

committedsuicideinsideprison

hospitals?

Ifyes,howmany?

Ofwhich:Number

offemales

Doesthedata

includepersonswhodied

orcommittedsuicideincommunityhospitals?

Ifyes,howmany?

Ofwhich:Number

offemales

Doesthedataincludepersonswhodiedoutsideprison(e.g.duringa

prisonleaveorperiodofabsencebypermission)?

Ifyes,howmany?

Ofwhich:Number

offemales

Albania Yes 5 0 Yes 2 0 No *** ***Andorra Yes 0 0 No *** *** No *** ***Armenia Yes 13 0 Yes 6 0 No *** ***Austria Yes 1 0 Yes 9 0 Yes 1 0Azerbaijan Yes 111 6 No *** *** Yes 22 0Belgium Yes NA NA Yes 6 0 Yes 5 0BH:BiH(st.level) No 0 NAP No 0 NAP No 0 NAPBH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska Yes 0 0 Yes 9 0 No *** ***Bulgaria Yes 8 0 Yes 6 0 Yes 8 0Croatia Yes 1 0 No *** 0 Yes 4 0Cyprus Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0CzechRep. Yes 10 0 Yes 13 0 Yes 0 0Denmark Yes NA NA No *** *** No *** ***Estonia Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0 No *** ***Finland Yes 1 0 No *** *** No *** ***France Yes 2 0 No *** *** No *** ***Georgia Yes NA NA Yes NA NA Yes NA NAGermany Yes NA NA Yes NA NA Yes NA NAGreece Yes NA NA Yes NA NA Yes NA NAHungary Yes 22 4 Yes 6 2 Yes 2 1Iceland No *** *** Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Ireland No *** *** Yes 2 0 No *** ***Italy Yes NA NA Yes NA NA No *** ***Latvia Yes 5 0 Yes 1 0 Yes 0 0Liechtenstein Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Lithuania Yes 25 0 Yes 4 0 Yes 0 0Luxembourg Yes 0 0 No *** *** No *** ***Malta Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0 No *** ***Moldova Yes 31 NA No *** *** No *** ***Monaco Yes 0 0 No *** 0 No *** 0Montenegro Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0 No *** ***Netherlands Yes 1 0 Yes 11 1 Yes 4 0Norway No *** *** No *** *** No *** ***Poland Yes NA NA Yes NA NA Yes NA NAPortugal Yes 59 3 Yes 0 0 No *** ***Romania Yes 56 5 Yes 20 0 No *** ***RussianFed. Yes 2603 NA No *** *** No *** ***SanMarino Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Serbia Yes 46 NA Yes NA NA Yes NA NASlovakRep. Yes 2 0 Yes 4 0 No *** ***Slovenia No *** *** Yes 2 0 No *** ***Spain(total) Yes 7 0 Yes 59 4 Yes NA NASpain(StateAdm.) Yes 7 0 Yes 48 3 Yes NA NASpain(Catalonia) No *** *** Yes 11 1 Yes 19 3Sweden Yes NA NA Yes NA NA Yes NA NASwitzerland Yes 3 NA No *** *** Yes NA NAtheFYROMacedonia Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Turkey Yes NA NA Yes NA NA Yes NA NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales Yes NA NA Yes NA NA No *** ***UK:North.Ireland Yes 0 0 Yes 2 0 No *** ***UK:Scotland Yes NA NA Yes NA NA Yes NA NA



NOTES – TABLES 13.1, 13.2 AND 13.3

AUSTRIA Since 2011 there is a special unit in the Austrian Prison Directorate, investigating and

documentingeverysuicideinAustrianprisons.BELGIUM

Table 13.3: Deaths which occurred during the time served under Electronic Monitoring areincluded in the total number of deaths. On the opposite, the deaths that occurred during theauthorisedleavesorpermissionsarenotrecorded.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA) In the course of 2012, all nine cases of deaths due to natural causes in the correctional

institutionsormedicalfacilitiesoutsideprisons.FRANCE

Tables13.1,13.2and13.3:Areincludeddeathswhichoccurredwhileincustody. Thesuicidesthatwerecommittedoutsidepenalinstitutionsareasfollowing:

o 12 suicides while the act committed inside penal institution but the death occurredoutsideinacommunityhospital;

o 5 suicides while the act committed and the death occurred outside prison, in acommunityhospital;

o 13 suicides of the persons with the status of “écroués” but who were in externalplacement(notheldinprisons);

o 67deathsoccurredinhospitalsandoutsidecustody. Table13.3(deathsinprisonhospitals):Figuresrelatetothedeathswithintheregionalmedical

andpsychiatricservices,aswellasinthePublicEstablishmentofNationalHealthofFresnes.HUNGARY

Table13.1&13.3:HealthinstitutionsoftheHungarianPrisonService("PrisonHospitals"):o ForensicPsychiatricMentalInstitutiono CentralHospitalofthePrisonServiceo Szeged Strict and Medium Regime Prison Unit III, Chronicle Medical after‐care for

prisonersICELAND

Homicide:Itisunderinvestigationbythepolice. Table13.3:ThereisnoprisonhospitalinIceland

IRELAND Table13.1(Other):1otherand2InquestsPending; Table13.3:In2012,therewere9recordeddeathsofprisonerswhowereontemporaryrelease.

ITALY Except for cases of suicides and homicides, the information on the reasons of deaths is not

collatedforstatistics.MALTA

Table13.1(Other):Heartfailure(female).THENETHERLANDS

Table 13.2 (suicide in communityhospitals): These deaths concern inmates who were insideprisons,butbecauseofanacutesituationweretransferredtoacommunityclinic.

o Table13.2(deathsoutsideprisons):These inmatesat the timeof theirdeathwerenotstayinginsideaprison,butwere

onleave, followingapenitentiaryprogramoutsideprison, ina(non‐forensic)psychiatrichospital.



NORWAY Suicide is defined in accordance with the Nordisk Statistisk registration rules. If an inmate

injureshimself inprisonand laterdiesof these injuriesoutsideof theprison(i.e. inoron thewaytohospital)thentheincidentisregisteredas“inprison”.Casesofoverdosearenotincludedunlessthereareclearindicationsthattheactwasintentional.

Death inprison includes thosewho died in hospital as a result of an action takenwhilst inprison.E.g.Asuicideattempt inprison isrecordedas“death inprison” if theperson laterdiesafterbeingtransferredtoahospital.

TherearenoprisonhospitalsinNorway.ROMANIA

Totalnumberofdeathsthatoccurredduring2012is115,ofwhich56wereinsidepenitentiaryhospitals(ofwhich5females),20deathsregisteredinthehospitalunitsoftheMinistryofHealth(nofemales),and39deathsoccurredinsideprisons.

SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION) TherearenotprisonhospitalsinSpanishPrisonsystem,only2penitentiarypsychiatriccentres.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALES Totalnumberofdeaths inpenal institutions includesalldeaths inprisoncustodyarising from

incidentsinprisoncustodyirrespectiveofcauseoreventuallocationofdeath. Similarly, the figure of suicides includes all suicides irrespective of final location of death.

Moreover, figures forsuicidesare forself‐inflicteddeaths.Thesearedeathsresulting fromthedeceased'sownactionsregardlessofintent.

UK:NORTHERNIRELAND Causesnotestablishedin4deaths.

UK:SCOTLAND Thecauseofdeathformostofthesecasesisnotyetknownpendingtheoutcomeoffatalaccident

inquiries Figuresareforthereportingyear1April2012to31March2013.


Strasbourg, 15

MA

In2012,thein2011(7.7samevalue(5.4%).Suchsectional codifferenceso

Thehighestcountries:SSlovenia,anthesuicideswereverylanotestoTab

5.4 6.

0

10

20

30

40

SVK FIN

pe Annual Penal S

5 December 201

AP 3: SUICI

eaverage(me7),andin201observedin2hresultsdoomparisons aofthesizeof

suiciderateslovenia,LuxdFrancewits incustody,aw.Thereforebles13.1,13.2

.3 6.3 6.4 6

N SRB ARM RO

Statistics: SPACE

14, pc‐cp\space

DE RATE PE

ean)rateofs10(6.7)resp2011(6.5peallowustorare made betheirprison

s(ofmorethxembourg,anhveryhighvit is compulse,whencomp2and13.3.Th

.9 7.0 7.1 7

OU UK:E&W

CZE M

S

I – 2013

e\documents\p

ER 10,000 IN

suicidesinEupectively.Ther10,000inmrecall the facetween counpopulations.

han15suicidndAndorra.values.Nevertsory to takeparingtherahehighestra

7.6 8.1 8.2 8

DA MNE DEU IT

Suicideratep

pc‐cp (2014) 11

NMATES IN

uropewas11emedianvalumates),andpect that thementries and, es

desper10,00In2011,thetheless,whileintoaccountatespresenteates(ofmore

8.5 8.8 10.4 1

TA NLD DNK B

per10,000in

PENAL INS

Refere

1.2per10,00uein2012werfectlyequaedianvaluesssentially, th

00inmates)inerewereLuxeeinterpretingt thatsomeoedinMap3,othan5)arep

10.6 10.9 11.3 1

BEL SWE NOR L

nmates

TITUTIONS

ence: Council of E

0inmates,wwas5.4,whichltothevaluearemorere

hose countrie

n2012wereembourg,Mogthefiguresof therawdaoneshouldppresentedint

11.3 11.8 13.6 1

LVA PRT CHE A

PC‐CP (201

IN 2012

Europe, SPACE I 2

whichishighehislowertheobservedineliablewhilees that have

eobservedinontenegro,Fithatcorrespoataused forMpayattentiontheFigurebe

13.7 14.4

21.8

AUT FRA SVN

14) 11

013.m.3

erthananthen2010cross‐ large

nthreenland,ondtoMap3totheelow.

30.3

LUX



TABLE 14: EXPENSES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012 (IN €)

Row‐data:(a) Averageamountspentperdayforthedetentionofonepersonin2012;(b) ‐//‐inpre‐trialdetentionin2012(€/day);(c) ‐//‐inthecorrectionalfacilityin2012(€/day);(d) ‐//‐inthespecialfacility/sectionforpersonswithpsychiatricdisordersin2012(€/day);(e) ‐//‐inaninstitutionforjuvenileoffendersin2012(€/day);(f) Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2012(incl.pre‐trialdetention);(g) Numberofdaysspentinpre‐trialdetentionin2012;(h) Numberofdaysspentininstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersin2012;

Calculated:(i) Generalaverageamountperinmate=mean(b,c,d,e);(j) Averageamountperinmate(pre‐trial&sentenced)=mean(b,c);(k) Totalamountlikelytohavebeenspentforallpre‐trialdetaineesin2012=b*g;(l) Totalamountlikelytohavebeenspentforalljuvenileinmatesin2012=e*h;(m) Totalamountlikelytohavebeenspentforallcategoriesofinmatesin2012=(mean[b,c,d,e])*f.

(n) TotalbudgetspentbyPrisonAdministrationin2012(rawdataprovidedbythePrisonAdministrations)


Country (a)Ofwhich:

(f)Ofwhich:

(i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n)(b) (c) (d) (e) (g) (h)Albania 15.25€ 15.8€ 14.12€ 21.63€ 17.84€ 1864055 760660 39055 17.35€ 15.0€ 12010821€ 696741€ 32332034€ 27237228€

Andorra 246.81€ 246.8€ 246.81€ NAP 246.81€ 14981 8349 830 246.81€ 246.8€ 2060617€ 204852€ 3697461€ 3504440€

Armenia 6.65€ 6.6€ 6.68€ NAP 6.65€ NA NA NA 6.65€ 6.7€ NA NA NA 11891861€

Austria 107.00€ NA NA 190.00€ NA 3242096 610532 51461 107.00€ NA NA NA 346904272€ 399737441€

Azerbaijan 11.06€ 5.4€ 11.15€ NA 52.97€ NA NA NA 23.18€ 8.3€ NA NA NA 83652225€

Belgium NA NA NA NA NA 4177637 1321258 33048 NA NA NA NA NA NA

BH:BiH(st.level) NA NA NAP NAP NAP NA NA NAP NA NA NA NAP NA NA

BH:Fed.BiHBH:Rep.Srpska 29.00€ 29.0€ 29.00€ NA 29.00€ 371205 36135 3650 29.00€ 29.0€ 1047915€ 105850€ 10764945€ 12132495€

Bulgaria NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Croatia 7.52€ 7.7€ 12.27€ 15.36€ NA 1829634 313296 30744 11.77€ 10.0€ 2406113€ NA 21534792€ 70176701€

Cyprus 64.00€ 64.0€ 64.00€ NAP 64.00€ 255865 49947 8796 64.00€ 64.0€ 3196608€ 562944€ 16375360€ 18727545€

CzechRep. 36.40€ NA NA NA NA 7251275 855787 46255 36.40€ NA NA NA 263946410€ 310945771€

Denmark 186.00€ 185.0€ 201.00€ NA NA 1454087 497057 NAP 193.00€ 193.0€ 91955545€ NAP 280638791€ 391128502€

Estonia 32.28€ NA NA NAP NA NA NA NA 32.28€ NA NA NAP NA 40844411€

Finland 167.00€ 167.0€ 167.00€ 248.00€ NAP 1126390 228490 NAP 194.00€ 167.0€ 38157830€ NAP 218519660€ 196887000€

France 96.77€ 83.2€ 111.27€ NA 469.54€ 24748194 6097005 95680 221.34€ 97.2€ 507392756€ 44925587€ 5477847 754€ 2394891819€

Georgia 6.52€ 6.5€ 6.52€ 6.52€ NA NA NA NA 6.52€ 6.5€ NA NA NA 54148415€

Germany 116.37€ NA NA NA NA 24961645 NA 2140519 116.37€ NA NA NA 2904786629€ 2904781172€



Country (a)Ofwhich:

(f)Ofwhich:

(i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n)(b) (c) (d) (e) (g) (h)Greece 3.20€ NA NA NA 3.60€ NA NA NA 3.60€ NA NA NA NA 43328000€

Hungary 27.00€ 24.0€ 20.00€ 35.00€ 28.00€ 6849383 NA NA 26.75€ 22.0€ NA NA 183220995€ 175002163€

Iceland 150.00€ 150.0€ 150.00€ NAP NAP 54081 7866 NAP 150.00€ 150.0€ 1179900 € NAP 8112150€ 8205575€

Ireland 179.00€ 179.0€ 179.00€ 179.00€ 1070.00€ 1580547 207551 17030 401.75€ 179.0€ 37151629€ 18222100€ 634984757€ 334600000€

Italy 128.01€ NA NA NA NAP 24022371 9606110 NA 128.01 € NA NA NA 3075103712€ 3104755427€

Latvia 14.71€ 14.7€ NA NA 55.32€ NA NA NA 35.02€ 14.7€ NA NA NA 36280883€

Liechtenstein 230.00€ 230.0€ 230.00€ 350.00€ NA 3630 463 0 270.00€ 230.0€ 106490€ NA 980100€ 1775500€

Lithuania 12.52€ 14.5€ 13.10€ NAP 38.90€ 3615690 721240 66795 22.16€ 13.8€ 10450768€ 2598326€ 80135743€ 56303600€

Luxembourg 191.89€ 191.9€ 191.89€ NA NA 248524 NA NA 191.89€ 191.9€ NA NA 47689270€ 47689408€

Malta 50.00€ 50.0€ 50.00€ NA NA NA NA NA 50.00€ 50.0€ NA NA NA 9000000€

Moldova 7.65€ 4.1€ NA NAP 14.84€ NA NA NA 9.45€ 4.1€ NA NA NA 18044008€

Monaco 43.17€ NA NA 786.40€ NA 10338 4526 NAP 43.17€ NA NA NAP 4288047€ 2765261€

Montenegro 15.00€ 15.0€ 15.00€ NAP NA 527324 136324 NA 15.00€ 15.0€ 2044860€ NA 7909860€ 7586021€

Netherlands 273.00€ 259.0€ 259.00€ 496.00€ 552.00€ 4222320 2072105 NA 273.00€ 259.0€ 536675195€ NA 1152693360€ 965703180€

Norway 283.00€ 283.0€ 283.00€ NAP NAP 1310616 344878 NAP 283.00€ 283.0€ 97600474€ NAP 370904328€ 423232000€

Poland 19.28€ 19.3€ 19.28€ NAP NAP 19579443 NA NA 19.28€ 19.3€ NA NA NA NA

Portugal 40.10€ 40.1€ 40.10€ NA NA 4849025 961410 NA 40.10€ 40.1€ 38552541€ NA 194445903€ 194723985€

Romania 17.49€ NA NA NA 26.18€ 13813091 357058 782679 17.49€ NA NA 20490536€ 241590962€ 202509640€

RussianFed. 2.17€ 1.5€ 1.68€ NA 3.32€ NA NA NA 2.17€ 1.6€ NA NA NA 5405041878€

SanMarino 685.00€ 685.0€ 685.00€ NAP 685.00€ 348 157 0 685.00€ 685.0€ 107545€ NA 238380€ NA

Serbia 14.18€ 13.8€ 13.56€ 17.28€ 30.90€ 4082293 1042822 46816 18.88€ 13.7€ 14349231€ 1446614€ 77053280€ 57882839€

SlovakRep. 36.75€ NA NA NA 29.89€ NA NA NA 36.75€ NA NA NA NA 147085573€

Slovenia 69.00€ NA NA NA NA 517716 114683 8432 69.00€ NA NA NA 35722404€ 36364286€

Spain(total) 53.34€ 53.3€ 53.34€ NA NAP 25621872 4028489 NAP 53.34€ 53.3€ 214879603€ NAP 1366670652€ 1412558393€

Spain(StateAdm.) NA NA NA NA NAP 21819335 3370410 NAP NA NA NA NAP NA 1093396769€

Spain(Catalonia) 65.72€ 65.7€ 65.72€ NA NAP 3802537 658079 NAP 65.72€ 65.7€ 43248952€ NAP 249902732€ 319161623€

Sweden 317.00€ 364.0€ NA NA NAP 2226428 636174 NAP 317.00€ 364.0€ 231567336€ NAP 705777676€ 721845083€

Switzerland NA NA NA NA NA 2429878 727817 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

theFYROMacedonia 10.00€ 10.0€ 9.00€ NA 14.00€ 936297 137808 17992 11.00€ 9.5€ 1378080€ 251888€ 10299267€ 9498000€

Turkey 16.65€ 16.6€ 16.65€ NA 16.65€ NA NA NA 16.65€ 16.6€ NA NA 3867517941€ 764796850€

UkraineUK:Engl.&Wales 117.00€ NA 114.00€ NA 338.00€ NA NA NA 226.00€ 114.0€ NA NA NA 3635000000€

UK:North.Ireland NA 241.0€ 240.99€ NA 940.98€ NA NA 10367 474.32€ 241.0€ NA 9755140€ NA 165418799€

UK:Scotland 107.36€ 107.4€ 107.36€ NAP 107.36€ 2925049 NA NA 107.36€ 107.4€ NA NA 314033261€ 521072359€

Mean 97€ 112€ 112€ 213€ 202€ 118€ 112€ 79649581€ 9023689€ 651248507€ 577926267€

Median 42€ 45€ 57€ 179€ 35€ 43€ 50€ 12010821€ 1446614€ 188833449€ 115368899€

Minimum 2€ 2€ 2€ 7€ 3€ 2€ 2€ 106490€ 105850€ 238380€ 1775500€

Maximum 685€ 685€ 685€ 786€ 1070€ 685€ 685€ 536675195€ 44925587€ 5477847754€ 5405041878€



TABLE 14.A: CATEGORIES INCLUDED IN THE CALCULATION OF CUSTODIAL EXPENSES IN

2012, IN TABLE 14

14.1Security 14.2Healthcare(incl.medicalcare,psychiatricservices,pharmaceuticals,dentalcareetc.) 14.3Services(incl.maintenance,utilities,maintenanceofinmaterecords,reception,assignment,transportation,etc.) 14.4Administration(excl.extra‐institutionalexpenditures) 14.5Support(incl.food,inmateactivities,inmateemployment,clothing,etc.) 14.6Rehabilitationprograms(incl.academiceducation,vocationaltraining,substanceabuseprograms,etc.) 14.7Other

Reference: Council of Europe, SPACE I 2013.14.A

Country 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7

Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoAndorra Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoArmenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoAustria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAzerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoBelgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(st.level)BH:Fed.BiHBH:Rep.Srpska Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes NoBulgaria NA NA NA NA NA NA NACroatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoCzechRep. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesDenmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoEstonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFinland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFrance Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGeorgia Yes No Yes Yes Yes No NoGermany Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGreece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoHungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesIceland Yes No Yes Yes Yes No NoIreland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoItaly Yes Yes/No Yes Yes Yes No NoLatvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesLiechtenstein Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes NoLithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes/No YesLuxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMalta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoMoldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoMonaco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoMontenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoNetherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoNorway Yes No No Yes Yes No NoPoland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoPortugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoRomania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesRussianFed. NA NA NA NA NA NA NASanMarino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoSerbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoSlovakRep. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSlovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoSpain(total) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoSpain(StateAdm.) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoSpain(Catalonia) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoSweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSwitzerland NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesTurkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoUkraineUK:Engl.&Wales Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes/No NoUK:North.Ireland Yes Yes/No Yes Yes Yes Yes NoUK:Scotland Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No



NOTES – TABLES 14 AND 14.A

Data included in Table 14 are not always fully comparable across countries. In order to ensuremorereliablecomparisons,wepresentinTable14.Athecategorieswhichareincludedinthecalculationofthecustodial expenses by each country. Nevertheless, these figures should be used cautiously not onlybecause the definition of the categoriesmay differ from one country to another, but also because thepurchasingpowervarieswidelyacrossEurope.

AUSTRIA Table14: Figures for 2012 are different than in the previous year, because the total amount

includesoverheadsandhirecharges. Table14.A(point14.7):Seeabove.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(STATELEVEL) Table 14: Salaries for security staff are financed from the Ministry of Justice budget, direct

allocations.Therefore,theseexpensesarenotincludedinTable14asadirectcostrelatedtotheStatePre‐trialdetentionunit.Therearenootherexpenditurescovered.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA) Table 14: Correctional institutions in RS represent a separate entity under the direct

supervisionoftheMinistryofJustice(art.9oftheLawonExecutionofCriminalSanctions).Theyhaveseparatebudgetsthatcovertheincome(wages),materialcosts,andconsumption.Thetotalbudget stated in the point (m) of Table 14 refers exclusively to the budget spent by thecorrectionalinstitutions.In2012,12,132,495.00euroswerespent,ofwhich:

o 9,741,762.00€inpersonalincome(wages);o 1,186,747.00€formaterialcosts;o 1,203,987.00€forfood.

Table14(pointa):AverageamountspentperinmateinpenalinstitutionsinRSwas58.50KM[BiHconvertiblemarks](or29€).Thisamountincludesthecostoffood,housing,maintenanceof the facilities, health services, electricity, heating, water, utilities, printing, postage andinsuranceservices.

Table14(pointd):ThiscategoryofinmatesisunderthejurisdictionoftheMinistryofHealthandSocialProtectionofRS.Therefore,there isnospecialbudgetforeseen inthebudgetofthePrisonAdministrationforthesepeople.

BULGARIA Table14:Becauseof toomanyadjustmentsofbudget for theyear2013, itwas impossible to

provideanexactestimateofthecosts.CROATIA

Table14(pointsb&c):Thereisnoseparatebreakdownofthecostsforpre‐trialdetaineesandconvictedprisoners.

Table14.A(point14.7):Other:material assistance for inmateson release, awardsandotherassistance,costsofpastoralcare.

CZECHREPUBLIC Table14(pointm):ThisfigureisthetotalbudgetofthewholeCzechPrisonService. Figures inTable14 include investments; thePrisonServiceof theCzechRepublicprovidesall

escorts(tothecourts,tohospitals,tootherprisons,escortsfromabroadetc.) Table14(pointsb&c):Theamountiscountedineachorganisationalunit(prisonorremand

prison)butitisnotstatedforeachperson(pre‐trialdetainee,juvenileorothers). Table14.A(point14.7):Salariesof theuniformedandcivilianstaff, retirementpensionsand

retirement benefits for former uniformed staff, sickness benefits of the uniformed staff,renovationandmodernizationofmovablepropertyandimmovable;securityatcourtandpublicprosecution buildings; IT services and equipment; hygienic items for prisoners; antidrugprogrammeandcrimeprevention.



ESTONIA Table14.A(point14.7): different investments (sports equipment, kitchen equipment etc.), a

lump‐sumbenefitifaninmateisreleased,etc.FINLAND

Table14.A(point14.7):inthiscategoryarealsoincludedrentalcosts.FRANCE

Table14point(e):Theexpensesof institutionsfor juvenileoffendersincludethecostsborneby the Judicial Youth Protection Directorate inherent in the functioning of this type ofestablishments(staffandoperating).

Table14.A(point14.7):Otherexpensescorrespondtocontributions tothecentralagencyofsocialsecurity(ACOSS).

GERMANY Thetotalcostsoftheprisonserviceamountedto€2.904.781.172,ofwhich:

o €2.508.968.636withoutconstructioncostso €395.812.536constitutesconstructioncosts

For 24,961,645 days spent in penal institutions (point (f) Table 14), as result, there is in anamountof€116.37perpersonperday:€100.51perpersonperdaywithoutconstructioncostsplus€15.86addforconstructioncosts.

Table14.A (point14.7): the average amount includes all costs in connectionwith the penalsystem(suchasstaff,constructioncosts).

GREECE Table14:12,458,073.6€:referstopharmaceuticalandfoodexpenses.

HUNGARY Table14.A(point14.7):PPPrent,representation,costsofdelegationstravellingabroad,taxes,

fees, other obligations, information carrier, books, periodicals, interest rate, post costs, fixedassets.

ICELAND Table14.A: The fees for education in custody are paid by the Ministry of Education who is

responsibleforthat.Yet,thePPAisresponsibleforprogramsandtraining.ITALY

Table 14.A (point 14.2): The expenses for the healthcare of prisoners fall under theresponsibility of the National Healthcare Service. The Penitentiary Administration bears thecosts only in some Regions with special Statute, until the procedures are concluded fortransferringthefunctionsofpenitentiaryhealthcareprovision.

Table14.A(point14.6):Thespecificprogrammesof rehabilitation/reinstatementare fundedby theFinesFund(CassadelleAmmende),apublicbodyunder theauthorityof theMinistryofJustice.TheexpensesforeducationandforvocationaltrainingarebornebyotherinstitutionandbyLocalBodies.

LATVIA Table14point(d):PrisonHospital of Latvia: the accurate figure on the expensesunder this

headingisnotavailable,butsuchexpensesarecoveredbythePrisonService. Table14.A(point14.7):Alltypesoftaxes,dutiesandfixedassetsarenotincluded.

LIECHTENSTEIN Table14TheonlyexistingprisoninLiechtensteinistoosmalland,therefore,theexpensesare

dividedwithotherpartnerinstitutions(i.e. thepolicepayforsecurityandtransportations;theadministrativetasksaresharedwithservicesfrompoliceaswell).

Table14(pointa):Theaverageamountiscalculatedbyincludingstaffcosts,food,stafftrainingand development, medical services, and the costs of sending inmates to contract partners inothercountries.Inthiscalculationarenotincludedtheexpensesrelatedtothemaintenanceofthebuildingsandtechnicalinfrastructure.

Table14point(d): anypersonwith special treatment needs is to be held in. Austrian penalinstitutions.Thefeesare350€/day.



LITHUANIAERRATASPACEI2012:Totalannualbudgetspentwas56,436,200Euros.

Table14(pointm):thisamountisaroundingoftherealexpenses. Table14.A(point14.6):Trainingcategoryisincludedonlypartially:maintenanceofeducation

roomsandrenovation/repaircosts. Table14.A(point14.7):Underthisheadingareincludedsocialbenefitsforstaffandinmates.

LUXEMBOURG Table14(pointsb&c):As the ‐trialdetaineesandsentencedprisonersareheld inthesame

place,thecostsappliedtoensurethedetentionarethesameforbothcategories. Table14.A(point14.7):Underthisheadingareincludedpersonnelcosts(e.g.salaries).

MALTA Table14(pointa):Theestimateof50€ perinmateiscalculatedonanaverageexpenditureof

allinmatesatCorradinoCorrectionalFacility(CCF)irrespectiveofcategoryofdetention. Table14(pointm):Thetotalamountspentisestimation.

MOLDOVA Theamountsincludethecostofallservicesprovidedtoinmates,aswellasstaffsalaries.

MONACO Table14:TheMonaco’sArrestHouse,theonlydetentionfacilityinthePrincipalityofMonaco,is

designed for pre‐trial detention and for persons serving short prison sentences of male andfemaleinmates,aswellasjuvenileoffenders.

Table14(pointd):ThereisnotariffnomenclatureforonedayspentinthepsychiatricunitofthePrincessGraceHospital (Monacohospital).Thecostperpatient‐dayof24horat leastonenightinthisunitis786.40€.

Table14.A: The facility has a budget‐line forwork of inmates. Yet, the school and universityleveltrainings(AUXILIA)arepaidfromthebudgetofsocialassistance.

Table14.A (point f): There is one programme on road safety, but this programme was notappliedduring2012.

THENETHERLANDSERRATASPACEI2012:Totalannualbudgetspentis921,541,042 €insteadof622,231,519€.

FiguresincludedinTable14refertotheadultprisonsystem. Table14:

o Point(a):Thisfigureisaroughestimationonthebasisofthepoints(b),(c)and(d).o Point(b):PriceofabasicplaceinaHouseofDetention(includingoverheadcosts).o Point(c):Priceofaclosedprisonplace(includingoverheadcosts).o Point (d): Price of a place in one of the 5 Psychiatric Penitentiary Complexes which are

meantforpre‐trialandsentencedprisoners(includingoverheadcosts).o Point(e):Thecostsofregulareducationintheseinstitutionsarenotincludedinthisprice.

TheDepartmentofEducation,CultureandSciencepaysforthis.o Point(m):Thecalculationisbasedontheexpensesmadeincustody(adultregularregime

only). Juvenile inmatesandpeoplebeing treated in custodial clinicsunderhospitalordersareexcluded.

Juvenileprisonersandpeoplebeing treated in custodial clinicsunderahospitalorderarenotincluded.Thereforealltheamountsfortheseadditionalcategoriesarepresented intheTable14onlyforinformation.

NORWAY Table14(pointsb&c):Therearenospecialprisonsforremanddetainees.Remandprisoners

areheldinthesameestablishmentsasconvictedprisoners.Thereforeitisnotpossibletospecifytheexpenditureonthesegroupsseparately.

Table14points(d):Thisgroupofpersons isnotbeingheld inprisonand it isnotunder theresponsibilityoftheCorrectionalService.

Table14points(e):Therearenospecialinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.



PORTUGAL Table 14 (points b& c): 40.10 € is the average amount spent for pre‐trial detainees and

convictedprisonersaltogether. Table 14 (pointm): The total budget spent by Prison Service in 2012 is 194,723,985 €

(investmentandoperationalbudget).ROMANIA

Table14.A(point14.7):Capitalexpenditures, financingoftheExternalNon‐RefundableFundand Health Insurance Fund of Defence, Public Order, National Safety and Legal Authority"CASAOPSNAJ".

RUSSIANFEDERATION Table 14 (point m): The total budget spent by Prison Service in 2012 is 213,499,154.2

thousandsroublesor5,405,041,878€.SLOVAKREPUBLIC

Table14.A(point14.7):Other:protectionoftheinstitutionsofjustice.SLOVENIA

Table14(pointm):Alltheexpensesmadebythe NationalPrisonAdministrationareincludedincalculationoftheaverageamountspentperdayandperinmate.

SPAIN(TOTAL) Total figures presented in Table 14 were not used for the calculations of mean and median

Europeanvalues.SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)

Table 14.A (point 14.7): Cost generated by the functioning of the National PrisonAdministration(HeadOffice).

SPAIN(CATALONIA) Theaveragesamountof65.72 €/dayisthesameforallthecategoriesofinmates. Theaveragecostincludesthesecurityinsidepenalinstitutions,butnottheoutsideone. Theexpensesoftheinmates’transportationsarecoveredbyCatalonianpolice.

SWEDEN Table14 (pointa): The calculation of the average amount spent per inmate is based on the

expenses for both pre‐trial and sentenced inmates. There are no special prisons for remanddetainees.Thereforeitisnotpossibletospecifytheexpenditureonthispopulationseparately.

Table 14.A (point 14.7): Under this heading are included the categories of overhead forHeadquarterandregionalOffices,depreciations,costsforfacilities.

SWITZERLAND Table14:In2010,thetotalamountallocatedtotheprisonswas993billionSwissfrancs (CHF),

or 10.99% of the public security expenditures. In 2005, the same category of costs was 802billionCHF.Thereisanincreaseof191billionCHF(+24%).

Costs related to the detention of inmateswere 50,293,370.45 CHF (in 2011). Source: FederalDepartmentofJusticeandPolice.


Table14.A(point14.7):Underthisheadingareincludedallexpensesmadeforconveyingtheprisonerstocourtortootherprison.

TURKEY Table14:

o Point(a):16.65€/day(48TL) (1€:2.8832TL)o Point(b):Pre‐trialdetentioncostsarecoveredbycourthouseservices.o Point(d):ThetreatmentcostsofoffendersarecoveredbyMinistryofJusticebudget.o Point(m):TotalbudgetspentbythePrisonAdministrationin2012wasof764,796,850

€ (2.205.062.279TL)(1€:2.8832TL).



UK:ENGLANDANDWALES Thefiguresshownare inEurosandhavebeenconvertedfrom£sterlingattheYearlyAverage

ExchangeRatefor2012‐13of€1.228351to£1(averageexchangeratesdataisbasedonfigurespublishedintheFinancialTimes,reproducedbyHMRC).

All figureshavebeencalculated from the2012‐13prison costs,whichwerepublishedon17thOctober2013.

Table14:Thetotalresourceexpenditurefor2012/13was3,635billionEuros:o Point (a): It is the average daily cost per prisoner for all public and private sector

prisonsinEnglandandWales.o Point(c):The114€perdayrelatestoallotherprisons,excludingthose inthe15‐17

agebracket.o Point(d):Therearenot separate costs for individuals in the special facility for those

offenderswithpsychiatricdisorders.High‐securitypsychiatrichospitalsmanagedbytheNHSarenotincluded.

o Point(e):The338€averagecostperprisonerofajuvenileoffenderiscalculatedfromprisonswithinthe“MaleYOIyoungpeople(ages15‐17)”function.

Table14.A:o Theseaveragecostscomprise theprisonestablishments’overall resourceexpenditure,

whichisthedirectlocalestablishmentcost, increasedbyanapportionmentofrelevantcostsbornecentrallybyNOMS, includingproperty costs (suchasdepreciation),majormaintenance,headquarterscosts,prisonerescortandcustodyservices,andexpenditurerechargedtotheYouthJusticeBoard.

o Expenditure which is met by Other Government Departments, such as on health andeducation,andthecostofprisonersheldinpolicecellsunderOperationSafeguard,isnotincluded.

o Expenditurenotrelatedtoprisons(suchasProbation),extraordinaryexpenditure(e.g.impairments) and costs relating to electronicmonitoring are also not included in thecosts.

o Dover, Haslar and Morton Hall's expenditure are excluded as they are ImmigrationRemovalCentresoperatingunderDetentionCentreRules2001.

o Expenditure incurreddirectly by the Youth JusticeBoardon Secure Children’sHomesandSecureTreatmentcentresisnotincluded.

o Point14.6:Thiscategoryofcosts isnot includdinthecalculationoftheexpenditures,because education costs are not included. But other rehabilitation costs met by thePrisonservice,suchasvocationaltrainingandbehaviourprogramsareincluded.

UK:NORTHERNIRELAND Table14:

o Pointsb&c:£195.41forPrisonEstablishmentsconvertedinEUR(Rate1.233263)o Point(e):763forJuvenilesconvertedinEUR(Rate1.233263)o Point(m):£134,131,000convertedinEUR(Rate1.233263).

Table14.A(point14.2):YesforJuvenilesinJuvenileJusticeCentrebutNoforAdultsinPrisonEstablishments.

UK:SCOTLANDERRATASPACEI2012:the2012returnhadthecostingsinpoundsnoteurosandsoaremuchlowerthantheyshouldbe.Totalrecalculatedbudgetspentis432,500,000Euros.Theaverageamountspentperdayandperinmateis37.51Euros.

The Scottish Prison Service reports the average cost of detaining prisoners based on coreoperating costs, therefore the average costofdetainingoneprisoner excludes capital charges,exceptional payments and escort services. Information for the average cost of differentcategoriesofprisonersisnotreportedseparately.

Figures are for the reporting year 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013. Conversion rate using0.814666126£pereuroaveragefor2012‐13.

Strasb

bourg, 15 Decemmber 2014, pc‐c

C.

cp\space\docum

Prison

ments\pc‐cp (20

n Staff

014) 11

Council of Europe Annua

PC‐

al Penal Statistics

‐CP (2014) 11

s 155



TABLE 15: STAFF WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL‐TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (NUMBERS)


Country

Totalnumberof

staff

Staffatthenationalprisonadministration(HeadOffice)

Staffinregionalprison

administrationoffices

Otherstaffemployedbythe

prisonadm.,butwhowork

OUTSIDEpenal

institutions

Totalnumberof

staffworkingINSIDEpenal

institutions

Ofwhich:

Executives(managers)of

penalinstitutions

CustodialstaffMedicalandparamedical

staff

Staffresponsible

forassessmentandthe

psychologists

Staffresponsibleforeducationactivities(includingsocial

workers,teachers/educators,

etc.)

Staffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocationaltraining

Otherstaffworking

INSIDEpenalinstitutions

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K) (L)

Albania 3809 180 431 NAP 3198 22 2837 218 60 61 4 0Andorra 71 2 0 0 69 2 57 8 0 1 1 0Armenia 2223 222 360 NAP 1641 96 1323 103 45 33 NAP 41Austria 3654.27 70.05 NAP NAP 3584.22 86.75 2977.40 115.47 61.93 113 NA 229.67Azerbaijan 6094 187 NAP 1230 4677 41 3301 NA 24 NA NA 1311Belgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 855 8 NAP NAP 847 6 484 19 12 71 153 102Bulgaria 4402 113 284 NAP 4005 13 3490 119 31 322 NA 30Croatia 2756 42 NAP NAP 2714 137 1651 112 28 125 300 361Cyprus 426 NAP NAP NAP 426 11 393 0 0 0 22 0CzechRep. 10548.3 177.4 NAP 3213.9 7157.0 106 1859 434.7 1198.2 76.1 3483Denmark 4754 281 290 770 3413 47 2486 149 NA 125 408 198Estonia 1656.1 29 0 0 1627.1 14.3 707 108.1 21 29 NA 747.7Finland 2520 75 100 65 2280 59 1369 185 208 184 275France 35081.2 418.2 1602.5 4262.4 28798.1 344.1 25307 NA NA NA 134.3 3012.7Georgia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGermany 36816 NAP 357 0 36459 439 26852 234 682 1753 2143 4356Greece 4196 17 NAP NA 4179 33 4146 NA NA NA NA NAHungary 7882 226 NAP NA 7656 NA NA 435 NA NA 0 NAIceland 115.4 16.4 7 0 92 3 76 NAP 2 2 11 2Ireland 3631.798 128.53 86.2 144.5 3272.568 62 2722.17 135.098 19.3 2 278.5 53.5Italy 45772 1345 942 2325 41160 206 37150 69 2 906 0 2827Latvia 2540 155.5 NAP NAP 2384.5 37 1729 127 172.5 33 0 286Liechtenstein 16 0 0 0 16 1 15 0 0 0 0 0Lithuania 3442 74 NAP 275 3093 37 1983 283 37 200 11 542Luxembourg 405.25 4 0 0 401.25 5 293 1 5.25 21 35.25 40.75



Country

Totalnumberof

staff

Staffatthenationalprisonadministration(HeadOffice)

Staffinregionalprison


Otherstaffemployedbythe

prisonadm.,butwhowork

OUTSIDEpenal

institutions

Totalnumberof

staffworkingINSIDEpenal

institutions

Ofwhich:

Executives(managers)of

penalinstitutions

CustodialstaffMedicalandparamedical

staff

Staffresponsible

forassessmentandthe

psychologists

Staffresponsibleforeducationactivities(includingsocial

workers,teachers/educators,

etc.)

Staffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocationaltraining

Otherstaffworking

INSIDEpenalinstitutions

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K) (L)

Malta 205 9 NAP NAP 196 4 187 2 2 1 NA 0Moldova 2921 134 NAP 250 2537 42 853 265.5 28 119 0 1229.5Monaco 46 0 0 0 46 2 32 3 0 0 0 9Montenegro 478 23 0 19 436 7 128 12 3 12 25 249Netherlands 12139.3 308 627.2 982 10222.1 160.9 6706.2 308.2 106.6 318.0 901.9 1720.3Norway 3844.5 49 161.1 107 3527.4 70 2440.4 0 0 0 552 465Poland 29553 444 513 405 28191 1686 15768 1691 537 2388 NAP 6121Portugal 6564 428 674 241 5221 46 4303 NA NA 177 NA 695Romania 12560 280 NAP 369 11911 736 4226 679 89 439 31 5711RussianFed. 295878 735 16456 48498.75 230188.25 1008 60269.5 28291.75 3292.5 6848.5 19383.25 111094.75SanMarino 6 NAP NAP 0 6 1 5 1 1 1 0 1Serbia 4264 81 NAP NAP 4183 41 2381 287 267 28 543 636SlovakRep. 5175 145 NAP 739 4291 59 789 243 75 296 NAP 2829Slovenia 864 30 NAP NAP 834 51 528 14 10 67 89 75Spain(total) 30387 576 NA NAP 29811 455 18533 1254 762 1912 1247 5648Spain(StateAdm.) 25210 394 NA NAP 24816 393 15354 957 645 1471 901 5095Spain(Catalonia) 5177 182 NAP NAP 4995 62 3179 297 117 441 346 553Sweden 6860 345 198 354 5963 277 4238 117 26 233 317 755Switzerland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 774 15 NAP 0 759 33 529 23 30 31 36 77Turkey 42250 218 258 NA 41774 1193 32116 397 288 445 3009 4326Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 38694 1643 167 0 36883 1877 26010 120 758 0 3598 4520UK:North.Ireland 2071.74 201 143 34 1693.74 140 1344.92 4.54 30 35.8 38 100.48UK:Scotland 4278 352 375 0 3551 123 2724 0 57 0 449 198



NOTES – TABLE 15

ALBANIA Point(k):Thenumberof staff responsible forworkshopsorvocational training ispartof the

personnelofthenationalprisonadministration(HeadOffice).Thereforetheyarealsoaccountedunderthepoint(b).

AZERBAIJAN Point(h):ThesepersonnelareemployedbytheGeneralMedicalDirectorateoftheMinistryof

Justice.Therefore,theyarenotmadevisibleinTable15. Point(g):Thepenitentiaryinstitutionsareguardedbythemilitarizedunits.Theseunitsarenot

accountable to the particular prisons where they serve; but they are directly under thejurisdictionofPenitentiaryServiceof theMinistryof Justice.Warning: In2012, thenumberofsecuritypersonnelwasincludedinTable16(Staffnotemployedbytheprisonadministration).In 2013, after more detailed analysis it was decided that it is more accurate to count thispersonnelunderpoint(g)ofTable15.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA) Point (b): The central prison administration in this case is the Department for execution of

criminalsanctionswithintheMinistryofJusticeofRepublikaSrpska.CYPRUS

AllfiguresconcernonlythePrisoninstitution withoutpolicestations. Points (h), (i), and (j): Medical staff, psychologists, social workers and educators are not

employedbythePrisonDepartment,buttheyworkexclusivelyforthePrisonDepartment.CZECHREPUBLIC

Point(a):Thetotalnumberofstaffincludes 25femaleuniformedstaffonmaternityleaveand24staffmembersonlong‐termsicknessleave.Totalnumberofstaffdoesnotinclude100membersofuniformedstaffasreserve(notpermanentlyatwork),97civiliansonmaternity/familyleaves,and4otherstaffmembersnotpermanentlyatworkfordifferentreasons.

National counting rules applied: All staff that isnot incontact with inmates is considered asworkingOUTSIDEpenalinstitutions.WhileINSIDEstaffmeans:

o Thosewhophysicallyworkinareaswhereprisonersareplaced,oro Thosewhoareresponsibleforpenalactivities,oro Thosewhoarebasicallymembersofnumberofstaffoftherespectivepenalinstitutions.

Points(i)and(j):Thesamepeopleareresponsibleforeducationandassessment.Thiscategoryofstaffincludesteachers,educators,therapists,psychologists,socialworkers.

DENMARK Point (d): Under this heading are included staffs employed in probation services, halfway‐

housesandtheCentralEducationCentre.FINLANDWarning:Inpreviousyears,thecalculationshavebeendoneonthebasisofvacanciesandthenumberofpersonnel.InSPACEI2013,thefiguresaretheFTEequivalentscalculatedforthestaffemployedbytheCriminalSanctionsAgencyin2013.

Point(d):IncludesTrainingInstituteforPrisonandProbationServicesandEnforcementUnit.FRANCE

Points(h)and(i):Medicalandparamedical staffworking in thehealthcareunits insidepenalinstitutionsisexclusivelyemployedbytheMinistryofHealth(sincetheLawof1994).NoneoftheprofessionalsoftheabovecategoriesisemployedbytheMinistryofJustice.

Point(j):Therearenosocialworkersemployedbyprisons.PersonnelworkinginthesocialfieldareprobationandrehabilitationadvisorsandtheyareemployedbythePrisonAdministration.

GEORGIA General: According to Georgian legislation, the information on the staff employed by Prison

Administrationissecretinformation.



GERMANY Point(c):staffofall16prisonadministrations(HeadOffices)inthe16“Länder”. Point(h): onlymedical staff; special data of paramedical staff is not available; insofar staff is

includedinthepoint(g). Point(l):Otherstaffworkinginsidepenalinstitutions:

o higherintermediateprisonandadministrativeservice:1,485;o otheradministrationstaff(includingsecretarystaff):2,257;o pastors:90;o others:524.

HUNGARYWarning:Figuresprovidedinthedistributionofthepersonnelworkinginsidepenalinstitutionsseemedunreliable.Therefore,thesefiguresweredeletedfromSPACEI2013.ICELAND

Figuresfrompoints(i)and(j) areincludedaswellinthepoint(b). Therefore,thereisavisiblediscrepancyof4persons.

ITALY Point(h):Thehealthcarepersonnel working inprisonare employedby ‐and theirnumber is

surveyedby‐theNationalHealthcareService.The69personsincludedhereareemployedunderspecialcontractspaidbythePenitentiaryAdministration.ThesepersonnelperformtheirdutiesintheregionswithSpecialStatute(Sicily,FriuliVeneziaGiuliaandSardinia).

LIECHTENSTEIN Points(b),(c)and(d):Therearenopersonnelpresented,becausethatstaffsharecustodialand

policeduties.Thedetentionunitsarelocatedwithinthesamebuildingasthepolicestation. Points from (h) to (l): These special services are given by different departments of the

Government.Thereareweeklyorderlinessprovidedofstaffifneedbe.LITHUANIA

AllthefiguresinTable15areon1st July2013insteadof1st September2013.LUXEMBOURG

Point(j):16specialisededucatorsandsocial workers;5sportsinstructors. Point(k):15teachingforemen,and20.25FTEcraftspeople. Point(l):editors,engineers,administrativeandtechnicalcouriers.

MONTENEGROWarning:point (i): The figure for 2013 is not fully comparablewith the one provided for 2012. Thedefinitionappliedtothiscategoryofstaffchanged,whichexplainthevisibledecrease.POLAND

AllthefiguresinTable15areon30th September 2013insteadof1st September2013.PORTUGAL

Data are the FTE equivalents calculated for the staff employed by the PenitentiaryAdministrationon31stDecember2013.

Point(a):TotalnumberofstaffincludespersonnelassignedtothePrisonAdministrationaswellasthoseworkingintheProbationandInsertionService(seenotestoTable5ofSPACEII2013).

Point (c): Since 1st October 2012, by the Decree‐Law nr. 215/212 of 28 September, thePenitentiaryAdministrationand theProbationand InsertionServicewerebeenmerged intoaneworganization, theDirectorateGeneralofRehabilitationandPrisonAdministration.Warning:IntheSPACEI2012,thefusionoftwoinstitutionswasnotyetvisible.674employeeslistedinthiscategoryareexclusivelyappointedtotheformerPrisonService.

Point(d):Underthisheadingarecountedpersonnelappointedtotheeducationcentres. Points (h) and (i): In addition to medical and paramedical staff employed by Penitentiary

Administration, somemedical,nursingandpsychologicaldutiesarealsoperformedbyprivatecompanieswhichareundercontractmadewiththePenitentiaryAdministration.

Point(j):InSPACEI2012,underthisheadingwas includedtechnicalpersonnelofthe formerPrisonService.Inpresentreport,areaccountedalltechnicalstaffworkinginpenalinstitutions.



ROMANIA Point(c):StaffattheNationalTrainingSchoolofPenitentiaryAgents inTârguOcna,theTraining

CentreforPrisonOfficersinArad,theVocationalTrainingandRecreationCentreforPrisonStaffinSovata,theHotelstaffinEforieSud,theSupplyManagementandRepairCentre‐BucharestJilavaandtheUnitofsurveillanceandescortsforinmatestobetransferred.

Point(g):Figurerelatesonlytopersonnelwhohaveresponsibilitiesofsurveillance inprisonsand responsibilities of escorting inmates outside prisons (to hospitals, to judicial authorities,externalworkunits).

Point(l):Amongothercategoriesofstaff,thereisapartofthoseworkingintheareaofsecuritydetentionandprisonregime,thereareunitswherestaffprovidesactivitieshavingdirectcontactwith inmates,e.g. receptionandrecordsof inmates inpenal institutions,etc.On1stSeptember2013,therewere3,231peopleemployedtoperformsuchduties.

SANMARINO General:Allthecategoriesofstaffareforeseenbythecriminaljusticesystem.Nevertheless,only

onepersoniseffective.Incaseofneed,policemencanbemadeavailable.SPAIN(TOTAL)FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofmeanandmedianEuropeanvalues.SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)

Point(c): regarding staff in regionalprisonadministrationoffices is included in thepoint (e)sinceregionaladministrationstaffworksinsidepenalinstitutions.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALES Alldataprovidedareasat30thJune2013 insteadof1st September2013. Thedifferenceof1personbetweenthebreakdownandthetotalfigureisduetotherounding.



TABLE 15.1: STAFF WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL‐TIME

EQUIVALENTS (FTE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (PERCENTAGES)


CountryTotalnumber

ofstaffTotal%(sum)

%ofstaffatthenationalprison

administration

%ofstaffinregionalprison


%ofotherstaff

employedbyPA,workingoutsidepenalinstitutions

%ofstaffworkinginside

penalinstitutions

Albania 3809 100.0 4.7 11.3 NAP 84.0Andorra 71 100.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 97.2Armenia 2223 100.0 10.0 16.2 NAP 73.8Austria 3654 100.0 1.9 NAP NAP 98.1Azerbaijan 6094 100.0 3.1 NAP 20.2 76.7Belgium NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) NA NA NA NA NA NABH:Fed.BiHBH:Rep.Srpska 855 100.0 0.9 NAP NAP 99.1Bulgaria 4402 100.0 2.6 6.5 NAP 91.0Croatia 2756 100.0 1.5 NAP NAP 98.5Cyprus 426 100.0 NAP NAP NAP 100.0CzechRep. 10548 100.0 1.7 NAP 30.5 67.8Denmark 4754 100.0 5.9 6.1 16.2 71.8Estonia 1656 100.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 98.2Finland 2520 100.0 3.0 4.0 2.6 90.5France 35081 100.0 1.2 4.6 12.2 82.1Georgia NA NA NA NA NA NAGermany 36816 100.0 NAP 1.0 0.0 99.0Greece 4196 100.0 0.4 NAP NA 99.6Hungary 7882 100.0 2.9 NAP NA 97.1Iceland 115 100.0 14.2 6.1 0.0 79.7Ireland 3632 100.0 3.5 2.4 4.0 90.1Italy 45772 100.0 2.9 2.1 5.1 89.9Latvia 2540 100.0 6.1 NAP NAP 93.9Liechtenstein 16 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Lithuania 3442 100.0 2.1 NAP 8.0 89.9Luxembourg 405 100.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 99.0Malta 205 100.0 4.4 NAP NAP 95.6Moldova 2921 100.0 4.6 NAP 8.6 86.9Monaco 46 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Montenegro 478 100.0 4.8 0.0 4.0 91.2Netherlands 12139 100.0 2.5 5.2 8.1 84.2Norway 3845 100.0 1.3 4.2 2.8 91.8Poland 29553 100.0 1.5 1.7 1.4 95.4Portugal 6564 100.0 6.5 10.3 3.7 79.5Romania 12560 100.0 2.2 NAP 2.9 94.8RussianFed. 295878 100.0 0.2 5.6 16.4 77.8SanMarino 6 100.0 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0Serbia 4264 100.0 1.9 NAP NAP 98.1SlovakRep. 5175 100.0 2.8 NAP 14.3 82.9Slovenia 864 100.0 3.5 NAP NAP 96.5Spain(total) 30387 100.0 1.9 NA NAP 98.1Spain(StateAdm.) 25210 100.0 1.6 NA NAP 98.4Spain(Catalonia) 5177 100.0 3.5 NAP NAP 96.5Sweden 6860 100.0 5.0 2.9 5.2 86.9Switzerland NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 774 100.0 1.9 NAP 0.0 98.1Turkey 42250 100.0 0.5 0.6 NA 98.9UkraineUK:Engl.&Wales 38694 100.0 4.2 0.4 0.0 95.3UK:North.Ireland 2072 100.0 9.7 6.9 1.6 81.8UK:Scotland 4278 100.0 8.2 8.8 0.0 83.0Mean 3.4 4.1 5.6 90.9Median 2.8 3.4 2.9 94.4Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 67.8Maximum 14.2 16.2 30.5 100.0



TABLE 15.2: STAFF WORKING INSIDE PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL‐TIME

EQUIVALENTS (FTE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (PERCENTAGES)


CountryTotalnumber

ofstaff

working

INSIDEpenal

institutions

Total%(sum)

%Executives

(managers)of

penal

institutions

%Custodial

staff

%Medical

and

param

edical

staff

%Staff

responsible

for

assessment

andthe

hl

it

%Staff

responsible

foreducation

activities

%Staff

responsible

forworkshops

orvocational

training

%Otherstaff

Albania 3198 (100.1) 0.7 88.7 6.8 1.9 1.9 0.1 0.0Andorra 69 100.0 2.9 82.6 11.6 0.0 1.4 1.4 0.0Armenia 1641 100.0 5.9 80.6 6.3 2.7 2.0 NAP 2.5Austria 3584 100.0 2.4 83.1 3.2 1.7 3.2 NA 6.4Azerbaijan 4677 100.0 0.9 70.6 NA 0.5 NA NA 28.0Belgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 847 100.0 0.7 57.1 2.2 1.4 8.4 18.1 12.0Bulgaria 4005 100.0 0.3 87.1 3.0 0.8 8.0 NA 0.7Croatia 2714 100.0 5.0 60.8 4.1 1.0 4.6 11.1 13.3Cyprus 426 100.0 2.6 92.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.2 0.0CzechRep. 7157 100.0 1.5 26.0 6.1 16.7 1.1 48.7Denmark 3413 100.0 1.4 72.8 4.4 NA 3.7 12.0 5.8Estonia 1627 100.0 0.9 43.5 6.6 1.3 1.8 NA 46.0Finland 2280 100.0 2.6 60.0 8.1 9.1 8.1 12.1France 28798 100.0 1.2 87.9 NA NA NA 0.5 10.5Georgia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGermany 36459 100.0 1.2 73.6 0.6 1.9 4.8 5.9 11.9Greece 4179 100.0 0.8 99.2 NA NA NA NA NAHungary 7656 (5.7) NA NA 5.7 NA NA 0.0 NAIceland 92 (104.3) 3.3 82.6 NAP 2.2 2.2 12.0 2.2Ireland 3273 100.0 1.9 83.2 4.1 0.6 0.1 8.5 1.6Italy 41160 100.0 0.5 90.3 0.2 0.0 2.2 0.0 6.9Latvia 2385 100.0 1.6 72.5 5.3 7.2 1.4 0.0 12.0Liechtenstein 16 100.0 6.3 93.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Lithuania 3093 100.0 1.2 64.1 9.1 1.2 6.5 0.4 17.5Luxembourg 401 100.0 1.2 73.0 0.2 1.3 5.2 8.8 10.2Malta 196 100.0 2.0 95.4 1.0 1.0 0.5 NA 0.0Moldova 2537 100.0 1.7 33.6 10.5 1.1 4.7 0.0 48.5Monaco 46 100.0 4.3 69.6 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.6Montenegro 436 100.0 1.6 29.4 2.8 0.7 2.8 5.7 57.1Netherlands 10222 100.0 1.6 65.6 3.0 1.0 3.1 8.8 16.8Norway 3527 100.0 2.0 69.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.6 13.2Poland 28191 100.0 6.0 55.9 6.0 1.9 8.5 NAP 21.7Portugal 5221 100.0 0.9 82.4 NA NA 3.4 NA 13.3Romania 11911 100.0 6.2 35.5 5.7 0.7 3.7 0.3 47.9RussianFed. 230188 100.0 0.4 26.2 12.3 1.4 3.0 8.4 48.3SanMarino 6 100.0 16.7 83.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 4183 100.0 1.0 56.9 6.9 6.4 0.7 13.0 15.2SlovakRep. 4291 100.0 1.4 18.4 5.7 1.7 6.9 NAP 65.9Slovenia 834 100.0 6.1 63.3 1.7 1.2 8.0 10.7 9.0Spain(total) 29811 100.0 1.5 62.2 4.2 2.6 6.4 4.2 18.9Spain(StateAdm.) 24816 100.0 1.6 61.9 3.9 2.6 5.9 3.6 20.5Spain(Catalonia) 4995 100.0 1.2 63.6 5.9 2.3 8.8 6.9 11.1Sweden 5963 100.0 4.6 71.1 2.0 0.4 3.9 5.3 12.7Switzerland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 759 100.0 4.3 69.7 3.0 4.0 4.1 4.7 10.1Turkey 41774 100.0 2.9 76.9 1.0 0.7 1.1 7.2 10.4Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 36883 100.0 5.1 70.5 0.3 2.1 0.0 9.8 12.3UK:North.Ireland 1694 100.0 8.3 79.4 0.3 1.8 2.1 2.2 5.9UK:Scotland 3551 100.0 3.5 76.7 0.0 1.6 0.0 12.6 5.6Mean 2.9 68.4 4.1 2.1 3.2 5.8 16.2Median 1.7 71.1 3.9 1.3 2.9 5.5 12.0Minimum 0.3 18.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 16.7 99.2 12.3 16.7 8.8 18.1 65.9

Strasb

NOTE

In Taworkmore

Forobeun

OnFi

Themworkcompvocat

The pobserbe coperfo

Metho

Forth

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

bourg, 15 Decem

ES – TABLES

able 15.2, theking insidepedetailsonth

onecountry(nreliable.The

FIGURE 5:

gure5alldat

median valueking insidepeparisons, thattionaltraining

part of custrvation,onemonsidered asormingmuch

odologicallim

hefollowingt

In Czechpsycholog

18.4 26.0

26.2

29.4

33.6

%

%

%

%

%

%

SlovakRep.

CzechRep.

RussianFed.

Montenegro

Moldova

%custodialst

%medicalan

%staffrespon

%otherstaff

mber 2014, pc‐c

S 15.1 AND

ere are twoenal institutioheinputs,see

(Hungary)aesedataarep

STAFF WOR

taaresorted

e of custodiaenal institutit inmanycogandeducat

odial staff gmaystatethaduty of custmoreactiviti

mitation:

twocountrie

Republic &gists+staffre

35.5 43.5 55.9

56.9

57.1

60.0

Rom

ania

Estonia

Poland

Serbia

BH:Rep.Srpska

Finland

taff

dparamedicalst

nsibleforeducat

cp\space\docum

15.2

countries (Aons ishighernotestoTab

partofinputresentedbet

RKING INSID

accordingto

al staff emploons. Yet, it isuntries custoionactivities

goes from 18atthediversitodial staff. Iiesthanjusta

sonlymerge

& Finland: mesponsiblefo

60.8

61.9

62.2

63.3

63.6

64.1

Croatia

Spain(StateAdm

.)Spain(total)

Slovenia

Spain(Catalonia)

Lithuania

taff

tionactivities

ments\pc‐cp (20

Albania andr than100.Tble15.

tsweredelettweenbracke

DE PENAL IN

PERCENTA

othepercenta

oyed in all es importantodial staff iss.

8.4% in SlovityofbreakdIt is very likactivitiesdire

edcategories

merged cateoreducationa

65.6

69.2

69.6

69.7

70.5

70.6

Netherlands

Norway

Monaco

theFYROMacedonia

UK:Engl.&Wales

Azerbaijan

014) 11

Iceland) inhese figures

tedfromtheets.

NSTITUTION

AGES

ageofcustodi

examined coutokeep inmin chargeof

vak Republicownsledtokely that amoectlyrelatedt

areavailable

gories are sactivities.

71.1

72.5

72.8

73.0

73.6

76.7

Sweden

Latvia

Denmark

Luxembourg

Germany

UK:Scotland

%executives(

%staffrespons

%staffrespons

Council

n which thearepresente

report,becau

NS ON 1ST S

ialstaff.

untries is 71mind,while pmultiple ins

c until 99.2%averylargedong personnetoinstitution

e:

taff respons

76.9

79.4

80.6

82.4

82.6

82.6

Turkey

UK:North.Ireland

Armenia

Portugal

Andorra

Iceland

managers)ofpe

sibleforassessm

sibleforworksh

of Europe Annua

PC‐

total percenedbetweenb

usethesedat

EPTEMBER

1.1% in theperforming crstitutionaldu

% in Greecedefinitionofel there coulnalsecurityis

ible for asse

83.1

83.2

83.3

87.1

87.9

88.7

Austria

Ireland

SanMarino

Bulgaria

France

Albania

enalinstitutions

mentandthepsy

hopsorvocation

al Penal Statistics

‐CP (2014) 11

ntage of staffbrackets.For

taseemedto

2013,

total of staffross‐nationaluties, suchas

e. Given thiswhatshouldld be peoplessues.

essment and

90.3

92.3

93.8

95.4

99.2

Italy

Cyprus

Liechtenstein

Malta

Greece

ychologists

altraining

s 163

fr

o

fls

sde

d



TABLE 16: STAFF (FTE) WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS BUT NOT EMPLOYED BY THE PRISON ADMINISTRATION ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013

(NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)


Country

Totalnumberof

staff

Total%(sum)

Teachersand

educators

%Teachersand

educators

Doctorsand

healthcarestaff

%Doctorsand

healthcarestaff

Securitystaffandperimeterguards

%Securitystaffandperimeterguards

Probationstaffandsocialworkers

%Probationstaffandsocialworkers

Others %Others

(a) (a.1) (b) (b.1) (c) (c.1) (d) (d.1) (e) (e.1) (f) (f.1)

Albania NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPAndorra 9 100.0 1 11.1 7 77.8 0 0.0 1 11.1 0 0.0Armenia 68 100.0 10 14.7 13 19.1 NAP NAP NAP NAP 45 66.2Austria 169.15 100.0 3 1.8 124.16 73.4 0 0.0 17.26 10.2 24.73 14.6Azerbaijan 508 100.0 211 41.5 297 58.5 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPBelgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPBH:Fed.BiHBH:Rep.Srpska NA NA NAP NAP NA NA NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPBulgaria 113 100.0 113 100.0 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPCroatia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NACyprus 23.43 100.0 3.43 14.6 18 76.8 NAP NAP 2 8.5 NAP NAPCzechRep. 2 100.0 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP 2 100.0Denmark NA NA NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NA NAEstonia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAFinland NA NA NA NA NA NA NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPFrance NA NA 706 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 19 NAGeorgia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGermany 2090 100.0 420 20.1 246 11.8 146 7.0 330 15.8 948 45.4Greece NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPIceland 9.3 100.0 7 75.3 2.3 24.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Ireland 294.3 100.0 241.5 82.1 15 5.1 0 0.0 37.8 12.8 0 0.0Italy 14 100.0 NA NA NA NA NAP NAP NA NA 14 100.0Latvia 243 100.0 243 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Liechtenstein 5 100.0 1 20.0 2 40.0 0 0.0 2 40.0 0 0.0Lithuania 429 100.0 201 46.9 3 0.7 NAP NAP 0 0.0 225 52.4Luxembourg 137 100.0 12 8.8 60 43.8 NAP NAP 5 3.6 60 43.8



Country

Totalnumberof

staff

Total%(sum)

Teachersand

educators

%Teachersand

educators

Doctorsand

healthcarestaff

%Doctorsand

healthcarestaff

Securitystaffandperimeterguards

%Securitystaffandperimeterguards

Probationstaffandsocialworkers

%Probationstaffandsocialworkers

Others %Others

(a) (a.1) (b) (b.1) (c) (c.1) (d) (d.1) (e) (e.1) (f) (f.1)

Malta 38.5 100.0 3 7.8 13.5 35.1 NAP NAP 2 5.2 20 51.9Moldova NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPMonaco 30 100.0 19 63.3 3 10.0 NAP NAP 1 3.3 7 23.3Montenegro 18 100.0 0 0.0 9 50.0 4 22.2 1 5.6 4 22.2Netherlands NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPNorway 395 100.0 275 69.6 120 30.4 NAP NAP NA NA 0 0.0Poland NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPPortugal NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NARomania 472 100.0 332 70.3 NAP NAP NAP NAP 71 15.0 69 14.6RussianFed. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASanMarino 30 100.0 1 3.3 2 6.7 26 86.7 1 3.3 0 0.0Serbia 86 100.0 NAP NAP 86 100.0 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPSlovakRep. NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPSlovenia NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPSpain(total) NA NA NA NA NAP NAP NA NA NAP NAP NA NASpain(StateAdm.) NA NA NA NA NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPSpain(Catalonia) 1043 100.0 140 13.4 NAP NAP 703 67.4 NAP NAP 200 19.2Sweden NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPSwitzerland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPTurkey NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPUkraineUK:Engl.&Wales NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAUK:North.Ireland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAUK:Scotland 772 100.0 149 19.3 513 66.5 NAP NAP 110 14.2 NA NAMean 37.3 38.4 18.3 9.3 29.1Median 20.0 35.1 0.0 7.0 19.2Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 100.0 100.0 86.7 40.0 100.0



NOTES – TABLE 16

ARMENIA Point(f):Underthisheadingareincludedtechnicalsupportpersonnel.

AZERBAIJAN Point(e):ProbationServicedoesnotexistinAzerbaijan.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA) Point (c): Six penitentiary establishments in Republika Srpska employ or hire 4 doctors and

severalmedical technicians from the local health care establishments for a certain number ofhoursonadailybasisoracertainnumberofdaysperweekbasedontheparttimecontract.

BULGARIA Point(b):Numberofeducationalstaffnotemployedbytheprisonadministrationbutworking

withinthepenitentiarysystemis113.ThenumberofeducationalstaffemployedbytheprisonadministrationwouldbeverylowsincetheycanonlybeemployedbytheMinistryofEducation.

CYPRUS AllfiguresconcernonlyPrisoninstitutionwithoutpolicestations. Point(b):Onefull‐timeteacherandninepart‐timeteachersareemployedbyotherinstitutions

andnotunderthejurisdictionofthePrisonAdministration,since14/10/2013.TheFTEfortheseeducatorshasbeencalculatedtobe3.43.

Point(e):2employeesoftheWelfareServicesareworkingatthePrisonInstitution.Therearenoindependentprobationservices.WelfareOfficersactasProbationOfficers(staffemployedbySocial Welfare Services, Ministry of Justice and Social Insurance) for a specified period(minimumoneyearandmaximumthreeyears)providingtheconvictedpersonwithnecessarysupportandsocialnetworkwhichwillpreventrecurrentdeviantbehaviour.

CZECHREPUBLIC Point(f):ITspecialists.

FRANCE General: in Table 16 are included personsworking inside penal institutions, butwho do not

dependonthePrisonAdministration.Ofwhich:o Teachers(staffemployedbytheMinistryofNationalEducation):on1stSeptember2013,

there were 472.5 FTE teachers and individual contractors working on 4,306 hoursovertime year (representing 233.5 FTE). On 1st September 2013, 706 FTE teachersworkedinpenalinstitutions.

Point (f): Correspondents dealing with employment matters (PôleEmploi): on 1st September2013therewere19FTEadvisors.

GEORGIA General: According to Georgian legislation, the information on the staff employed by Prison

Administrationissecretinformation.GERMANY

Point(f):Underthisheadingareincluded:o 65psychologistsandpsychologicalstaff,o 219pastors,o 249staffresponsibleforworkshopsandvocationaltraining,o 58staffforkitchenserviceandtemporaryworkersinhousekeeping,o 87staffinchargeofcleaning,ando 270others.

IRELAND Point(b):TeachersarepaidbytheDepartmentofEducation. Point(c):15suchstaff,compriseof5locumdoctorsand10agencynurses.

ITALY Point (f): Staff from other Administrations seconded to the structures of the Penitentiary

Administration.



LIECHTENSTEIN Point(d):Staffincludedunderthisheadingissharedbetweenthepenitentiaryinstitutionandthe

localpoliceservice.LITHUANIA

Point(f):225 persons,ofwhich:o 54technicians(engineersinchargeofthemaintenanceofmedicalequipment,employeesworking

inprisoncafeteriasandstores,ando 171specialistsinvolvedinoffenderworkforcedevelopment.

AllthefiguresoftheTableareon1stJuly2013.LUXEMBOURG

Point(e):personnelfromtheCentralServiceofSocialAssistance (JudicialAdministration). Point(f):Cleaningstaff,IT,maintenanceofelectronicandtechnicalequipment,laundry,etc.

MALTA Point(a):26FTEand25PTE. Point(b):6PTE Point(c):4FTEand19PTE.

NORWAY Point(e):Therearenofixedallotmentsregardingvisitsbytheprobationserviceandnoreliable

estimatecanbemade. Point(f):Employees fromSocialSecuritymakeasizablecontributionbut theirwork isnotat

present formalised. Estimates would be unreliable. Their tasks: advising and helping withapplicationsforbenefits,housing,employmentetc.

ROMANIA Point (f): Designated judges’ services exist in each prison. Staff employed by these services

managesappealsmadebyanypersonheldinpenalinstitutionsagainstadministrativedecisions.Underthisheadingareincluded38appointedjudgesand28appointedregistrars.

SANMARINO ThereisnoPrisonAdministrationinSanMarino.AllthestaffemployedispartoftheCorpodella

Gendarmeria.Onlyonepersoniseffective.Otherstaffmightbeemployedifneed.SERBIA

Point(c):Doctors:63,andhealthcarestaff:23.SLOVENIA

There are doctors and health care staff employed by health authorities. They carry outhealthcare forall inmates.Therearesurgeryhourswhentheygivemedicaladviceandcare inoutpatients'departmentsinprisonsandbutnofiguresareavailable.

SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION) Point(b):Teachersaremanagedbyautonomouscommunities. Point(c):Doctorsarecontractedascivil servantsby theSpanishPenitentiaryAdministration.

TheyarenotmanagedbyNationalPrisonadministration.SPAIN(CATALONIA)

Point(b):AreincludedonlyteachersmanagedbytheDepartmentofEducation. Point(d):Catalonianpolice is inchargeofthetransfersfromonepenal institutiontoanother.

Moreover,theyalsomanagetheperimetersecurityofthepenalinstitutions. Point(f):StaffemployedbytheCentreofInitiativesforRehabilitation(CIRE),whichisapublic

company thatmanages the productionworkshops.Moreover, these staffs are involved in theworkoftheLabourscholarshipforrehabilitationofthepersonspreparingtheexitfromprison.

UK:SCOTLAND The figures in Table 16 refer to headcounts not FTE. This will result in a degree of over‐

estimationoftheworkforce. Point(f): sessionalworkers for specificactivities, including fromthevoluntary sector, a large

proportion of which are part‐time. These figures have been excluded to avoid skewing theoverallworkforcefiguresexcessively.


Strasbourg, 15

FIGURE

Thetotalnu

For Cypruspolicestatio

The numberinstitutions

Manyfiguredetailsonth

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

UK:Scotland

29

pe Annual Penal S

5 December 201

6: HIGHEST

COMME

umberofinma

the total nuons).Thisisd

r of inmatesexcludingall

escalculatedihefiguresuse

UK:Scotland

Austria

Latvia

Malta

2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1

European Me

European Me

Statistics: SPACE

14, pc‐cp\space

T RATIOS OF

ENTS TO TAB

atesusedint

umber of inmduetothefact

s for Francelthosewhoh

inTable17aedinthisTab

Spain(Catalonia)

Greece

UK:Engl.&Wales

Pl

3.1 3.2 3.2

ean = 3.6

edian = 2.8

I – 2013

e\documents\p

F INMATES

LE 17

thisTableisb

mates corresptthatthenum

is based onhavethestatu

reestimates,ble,seenotes

Portugal

Arm

enia

Spain(total)

Spain(StateAdm

.)

3.3 3.6 3.7 38

pc‐cp (2014) 11

PER ONE C

basedonthe

ponds to themberofstaff

n the numbeusof“écroués

,andtherefortoTables15

p(

)

Serbia

Turkey

Estonia

3.8 4.2 4.2 4.6

USTODIAN

non‐adjusted

e number ofisavailableo

r of those ws”butwhoar

retheymustto16.

Lithuania

Poland

theFYROMacedonia

Azerbaijan

4.9 5.0 5.4 62

ON 1ST SEPT

dfiguresprov

those held ionlyforprison

who are de faenotheldin

beusedwith

Azerbaijan

Moldova

Rom

ania

CzechRep.

6.2

7.8 7.8 8.7

PC‐CP (201

TEMBER 20

videdinTabl

in prison (wninstitution.

acto held incustody.

hcaution.For

Montenegro

RussianFed.

SlovakRep.

8.9

11.3

12.9

14) 11

013

e1.

without.

penal

rmore



TABLE 17: RATIO OF INMATES PER CATEGORIES OF STAFF ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013


Country

Totalnumberofinmates(incl.pre‐trial

detainees)

Custodialstaff(a)

Ratioinmatesper

custodian

Medicaland

paramedicalstaff(b)

Staffresponsibl

eforassessmentandthepsychologi

sts(c)

Staffresponsibl

eforeducationactivities

(d)

Staffresponsibl

eforworkshops

orvocationaltraining(e)

Sum“other”

(sumfrom(a)to(e)

Ratioinmatesperotherstaff

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Albania 4998 2837 1.8 218 60 61 4 343 14.6Andorra 47 57 0.8 8 0 1 1 10 4.7Armenia 4698 1323 3.6 103 45 33 NAP 181 26.0Austria 8831 2977 3.0 115 62 113 NA 290 30.4Azerbaijan 20327 3301 6.2 NA 24 NA NA 24 847.0Belgium 12697 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA BH:BiH(st.level) 17 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1003 484 2.1 19 12 71 153 255 3.9Bulgaria 8834 3490 2.5 119 31 322 NA 472 18.7Croatia 4352 1651 2.6 112 28 125 300 565 7.7Cyprus 592 393 1.5 0 0 0 22 22 26.9CzechRep. 16266 1859 8.7 435 1198 76 1709 9.5Denmark 4091 2486 1.6 149 NA 125 408 682 6.0Estonia 3256 707 4.6 108 21 29 NA 158 20.6Finland 3126 1369 2.3 185 208 184 577 5.4France 67310 25307 2.7 NA NA NA 134 134 501.2Georgia 8868 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGermany 67681 26852 2.5 234 682 1753 2143 4812 14.1Greece 13238 4146 3.2 NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 18313 6626 2.8 435 50 5 0 490 37.4Iceland 152 76 2.0 NAP 2 2 11 15 10.1Ireland 4065 2722 1.5 135 19 2 279 435 9.3Italy 64835 37150 1.7 69 2 906 0 977 66.4Latvia 5205 1729 3.0 127 173 33 0 333 15.7Liechtenstein 9 15 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0.0Lithuania 9621 1983 4.9 283 37 200 11 531 18.1Luxembourg 717 293 2.4 1 5 21 35 63 11.5Malta 577 187 3.1 2 2 1 NA 5 115.4Moldova 6666 853 7.8 266 28 119 0 413 16.2Monaco 29 32 0.9 3 0 0 0 3 9.7Montenegro 1142 128 8.9 12 3 12 25 52 22.0Netherlands 10547 6706 1.6 308 107 318 902 1635 6.5Norway 3649 2440 1.5 0 0 0 552 552 6.6Poland 78994 15768 5.0 1691 537 2388 NAP 4616 17.1Portugal 14284 4303 3.3 NA NA 177 NA 177 80.7Romania 33122 4226 7.8 679 89 439 31 1238 26.8RussianFed. 681622 60270 11.3 28292 3293 6849 19383 57816 11.8SanMarino 2 5 0.4 1 1 1 0 3 0.7Serbia 10031 2381 4.2 287 267 28 543 1125 8.9SlovakRep. 10152 789 12.9 243 75 296 NAP 614 16.5Slovenia 1360 528 2.6 14 10 67 89 180 7.6Spain(total) 68099 18533 3.7 1254 762 1912 1247 5175 13.2Spain(StateAdm.) 58089 15354 3.8 957 645 1471 901 3974 14.6Spain(Catalonia) 10010 3179 3.1 297 117 441 346 1201 8.3Sweden 5868 4238 1.4 117 26 233 317 693 8.5Switzerland 7072 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 2846 529 5.4 23 30 31 36 120 23.7Turkey 136147 32116 4.2 397 288 445 3009 4139 32.9Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 83842 26010 3.2 120 758 0 3598 4476 18.7UK:North.Ireland 1822 1345 1.4 5 30 36 38 108 16.8UK:Scotland 7928 2724 2.9 0 57 0 449 506 15.7Mean 3.6 48.7Median 2.8 15.7Minimum 0.4 0.0Maximum 12.9 847.0



D. Annual Module (Foreign inmates)



TABLE AM1: LEGAL STATUS OF FOREIGN INMATES IN THE COUNTRIES WHERE THEY ARE

INCARCERATED ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (NUMBERS)

(a) Totalnumberofforeigninmates1stSeptember2013.(b) Personswithoutthecountry’nationalitybutwithauthorisationsoflong‐termestablishmentinthiscountry.(c) Personswithout the country’ nationality butwith fixed‐term residence permits in this country (excluding all types of

visas).(d) Statelesspersons.(e) Personswithoutanyvalidresidencepermitontheterritoryofthecountry.(f) Foreignminors(agedlessthan18).(g) ForeignerswhoarecitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion.(h) Other.

Reference: Council of Europe, SPACE I 2013.AM1

Country (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)Albania 84 NA No No NA 0 50 NoAndorra 35 No No No 35 0 33 NoArmenia 147 NA NA No NA 0 6 NoAustria 4255 NA NA 0 NA 27 1775 NoAzerbaijan 612 NA NA 12 NA 0 3 NABelgium 5431 NA NA 10 NA 36 1589 NoBH:BiH(st.level) 7 No 0 4 NoBH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 29 0 26 No 0 0 3 NoBulgaria Croatia 275 No No 5 No 0 45 225Cyprus 315 No No No 12 2 150 NoCzechRep. 1444 NA NA 5 NA 2 630 1Denmark 1098 NA NA 35 150 5 333 37Estonia 229 NA NA No NA 1 38 NoFinland 465 NA NA 15 NA 1 254 NAFrance 14390 No No NA NA 121 3645 NAGeorgia 179 1 3 1 NA 1 12 1Germany 19320 NA NA 319 NA 311 7413 NoGreece 7993 NA NA NA NA 0 1027 Hungary 617 No NAP 3 No 1 263 NAIceland 24 NA NA 1 13 1 19 NoIreland 559 2 9 0 146 2 353 35Italy 22878 NA NA 9 NA No 4909 NoLatvia 66 No 15 NAP 7 0 27 NoLiechtenstein 5 NA NA No 1 No 4 NoLithuania 149 15 NA 1 56 0 22 NAPLuxembourg 518 NA NA 0 NA 0 108 NoMalta 222 NA 112 No 110 1 91 131Moldova 59 No No 1 No 0 13 45Monaco 26 No 3 No 23 2 18 NoMontenegro 170 No No 5 2 0 9 154Netherlands 2140 NA NA 3 NA 0 951 NoNorway 1200 NA NA NA NA NA 610 NAPoland 521 No NAP 9 No NA 209 NAPortugal 2647 NA NAP NAP NA 12 583 NARomania 185 NA NAP 4 NA 1 62 NoRussianFed. SanMarino 3 1 No No 3 0 3 NoSerbia 352 NA NA No NA 0 68 NASlovakRep. 226 NA NA 1 NA NA 106 NASlovenia 145 25 6 No NA 0 35 NoSpain(total) 21846 NA NA NA NA 0 4822 NoSpain(StateAdm.) 17333 NA NA NA NA 0 4133 NoSpain(Catalonia) 4513 NA NA No NA 0 689 NoSweden 1383 NA NA 22 NA 1 492 NoSwitzerland 5258 1382 NA NA 14 NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 88 0 0 2 68 0 18 NoTurkey 2294 NA NA 42 NA 22 325 NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 10786 NA NA No NA 88 3998 NoUK:North.Ireland 129 NA NA NA NA 0 68 NoUK:Scotland 291 NA NA NA NA 1 149 No



NOTES – TABLE AM1

ALBANIA Point(c):34personsarecitizensofforeignnationalities,whicharenotMemberoftheEuropean

Union,suchasMacedonians,Kosovo,etc.AUSTRIA

Point(a):Notincludedthenumberofprisonerswithunknownnationality. Point(f):Thenumberincludes1child.

BELGIUM Point(a):Notincludedthenumberofprisonerswithunknownnationality.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA) General:Dataareon31stDecember2013. Point (a): In the total of 29 inmates are included 9 pre‐trial detainees and 20 sentenced

prisoners.CROATIA

General:Dataareon31stDecember2013. Point(h):Thiscategoryincludescitizensofnon‐EUstatessuchasAlbania,andcitizensfrom

countriesofformerYugoslavia(BosniaandHerzegovina,Serbia,Montenegro,Kosovo).CZECHREPUBLIC

General:Therearenorecordsonthetypeofresidencepermits. Point(h):Numberofdetaineesforwhichthenationalityisunknown.

DENMARK Point(d):ofwhich5arestatelessPalestinians. Point(h):Numberofdetaineesforwhichthenationalityisunknown.

ESTONIA General:DatapresentedinTableAM1isbasedon thedefinitionofforeignerasapersonwitha

citizenshipother than theEstonianone. 989 inmates consideredas "stateless"personsarenotincludedhere.

FINLAND Point(a):Inmateswithunknown/unrecordednationalityareincludedamongforeigninmates.

FRANCE General:inTableAM1areincludedforeignersfromnon‐Europeancountries.Ofwhich:

o Algeria=1,659o Morocco=1,920o Tunisia=1,004o OtherAfricancountries=2,276o Americas=1,089o Asia=714o Oceania(andPacific)=4o Other&unknown=171.

General:Dataareon1stOctober2013.GEORGIA

Point(g):Thenumberincludedunderthisheadingseemstonotbefullyreliable,becausethereisasignificantdifferencewiththeinputfromTable4ofthisreport.

GERMANY General:Dataareon31stMarch2013.

ICELAND Points (b)and (c): TheDirectorate of Immigration takes a decision regarding temporary and

permanentresidencepermits. Point(e):Thereare4personswithotherstatus.ThesepeoplearenotincludedinTableAM1.



IRELAND Point (a): Included in the figure of 559 are 12 inmates who on commital to prison identified

themselvesasforeignnationalsbutwhoholdIrishcitizenship.LATVIA

General:Dataareon1stOctober2013. Points(c)and(e):numberofconvictedpersonsonly.

LITHUANIA General:Dataareon31stDecember2013. Point(a):Inthetotalnumberofforeigninmatesareincludedonlysentencedprisonersandthose

servingasentenceofdeprivationofliberty.Theinformationonpre‐trialinmatesisnotavailable.LUXEMBOURG

Point(a):Underthisheadingareincluded2additionalinmates,heldunderregimeofvoluntaryconfinement.

MALTA Point(h):referstothirdcountrynationals.

MONTENEGRO Point (a): Only the number of foreign nationals is registered; but detailed information about

themisavailableatthepoliceandthecourts.Intotalnumberofforeigninmatesareincludedpre‐traildetainees,sentencedtoimprisonmentandmisdemeanours,thelaterarethemostnumerous.

Point(h):Under thisheadingare included foreign inmateswhoare citizensof theRepublicofSerbia,BosniaandHerzegovina,KosovoandMetohija,Macedonia,andUkraine.

THENETHERLANDS Point (a):detainees for which the nationality is unknown are not strictosensu considered as

foreigners.Therefore,theyarenotincludedhere.NORWAY

Point(d):Statelesspersonsmayinclude9personswithunknownnationality.PORTUGAL

General:Dataareon31stDecember2013.SERBIA

Point(a):Numberof284foreigninmatesincludes:o 231CitizensoftheformerSFRY(Bosnia&Herzegovina,Montenegro,Macedonia);o 12CitizensofotherEuropeancountries,ando 41Nationalsofnon‐Europeancountries.

On1stSeptember2013,thetotalnumberofforeigninmateswas352,172ofthemareconvictedpersons,154pre‐trialdetainees,and26punishedforminoroffenses.

SPAIN(CATALONIA) Point(a):4,513foreigners,ofwhich689EUcitizensand3,894non‐EUcitizens. General:Theonlyindicatoronthelegalstatusofforeignersinprisonisbeinginpossessionofa

TIE(tarjetadeidentificacióndeextranjeros),whichisthepieceofidentificationforallthosewhohavearesidencepermitofmorethan6months.Among3,894non–EUpeople, therewere966personswhohadTIEcard,ofwhich261hadavalidTIEcard,529TIEwithnoexpirationdate,and176withanexpiredTIEcard.

SWEDEN General:Dataareon1stOctober 2013.Figuresareonsentencedinmates.Pre‐traildetainersare

notincluded.SWITZERLAND

General:Dataareon4thSeptember 2013. Point(a):5,258foreigninmates,ofwhich1,382withlong‐termresidentpermits(B,C,andI),854

with status of asylum seekers (permits N, F, and S), and 375 illegal aliens under preventivemeasures(FederalActonForeignNationals).



THEFYROMACEDONIA Point(a):Notincludedthenumberofprisonerswithunknownnationality. Point(e):Foreigninmateswhoarenon‐EUcitizens.

TURKEY Point(a):Notincludedthenumberofprisonerswithunknownnationality.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALES General:Figuresarebasedonself‐reportednationality. Dataareon30th June2013. Point(a):Notincludedthenumberofprisonerswithunknownnationality. Point(d):Figuresexcludethe877prisonerswhosenationalitywasunknown/notrecorded. Point (g): taken fromTable 1.6 ofOffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly (January toMarch

2013)‐addingupthefiguresfortherelevantstates(Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,andSweden).

UK:NORTHERNIRELAND Point(a):Areincludedallknownforeignnationals.

UK:SCOTLAND Point(a):Notincludedthenumberofprisonerswithunknownnationality.



TABLE AM2: JUDICIAL STATUS IN CUSTODY OF FOREIGN INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013

(NUMBERS)

(a) Totalnumberofforeigninmates1stSeptember2013.(b) Untriedforeigners.(c) Foreignersfoundguiltybutwhohavenotreceivedasentenceyet.(d) Sentencedforeignerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithinthestatutorylimitfordoingso.(e) Foreignerswhohavenotreceivedafinalsentenceyet,butwhohavestartedservingtheirprisonsentencesinadvance.(f) Sentencedforeigners(finalsentence).(g) Foreignersheldforadministrativereasonsand/orthoseawaitingreturnorexpulsion.(h) Other.


Country (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)Albania 84 41 No No No 43 No NoAndorra 35 11 8 0 0 16 0 0Armenia 147 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0Austria 4255 1206 NAP NA NAP 2840 37 172Azerbaijan 612 115 NAP NA NAP 497 No NoBelgium 5431 1562 NAP 442 NAP 3164 1 262BH:BiH(st.level) 7 7 0 0 0 0 0 0BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 29 9 NA NA NA 20 No NoBulgaria Croatia 275 136 NAP NA 139 NAP NoCyprus 315 84 NAP No No 231 No NoCzechRep. 1444 537 NAP 907 Note NoDenmark 1098 399 127 NAP 422 NA 150Estonia 229 70 NAP 155 4 NoFinland 465 176 NA 286 No 3France 14390 4556 NAP NA NA 9834 No NoGeorgia 179 80 NA 5 NA 55 NA 1Germany 19320 5488 NA NA NA 13234 NA 598Greece 7993 1650 NAP NA NA 6161 182 0Hungary 617 286 NAP 75 No 251 No 5Iceland 24 0 NAP 0 0 24 No NoIreland 559 156 NA NAP 399 4 0Italy 22878 4793 NAP 5067 NAP 12865 No 153Latvia 66 29 NA NA NA 37 NA NALiechtenstein 5 0 2 1 0 1 1 1Lithuania 149 67 NA NA NA 82 NAP NoLuxembourg 518 258 NAP NA NAP 260 NA NoMalta 222 79 NAP 3 NAP 140 No NoMoldova 59 0 0 0 0 59 NAP NoMonaco 26 20 0 3 0 3 No NoMontenegro 170 116 9 45 No NoNetherlands 2140 904 NA 246 NAP 968 No 22Norway 1200 584 NA 616 NA NoPoland 521 220 No NA No 301 No NoPortugal 2647 828 NAP NA NAP 1819 No NoRomania 185 25 16 0 NAP 144 NAP NoRussianFed. SanMarino 3 0 0 0 0 3 1 NoSerbia 352 154 198 No NoSlovakRep. 226 NA NA NA NA 133 NA NASlovenia 145 47 NA 98 No NASpain(total) 21846 5108 NAP NA NAP 16738 No NoSpain(StateAdm.) 17333 4067 NAP NA NAP 13266 No NoSpain(Catalonia) 4513 1041 NAP No NAP 3472 Note NASweden 1383 No No No No 1383 No NoSwitzerland 5258 1715 NA NA NA 3106 375 62theFYROMacedonia 88 5 7 0 43 33 No NoTurkey 2294 305 NA NA 1171 818 NA NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 10786 1616 435 NA NAP 6860 1875 NoUK:North.Ireland 129 69 No 4 No 43 13 NoUK:Scotland 291 NA NA NA NAP NA 4 NA



TABLE AM3: JUDICIAL STATUS IN CUSTODY OF FOREIGN INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013

(PERCENTAGES)

(a) Totalnumberofforeigninmates1stSeptember2013.(b) Untriedforeigners.(c) Foreignersfoundguiltybutwhohavenotreceivedasentenceyet.(d) Sentencedforeignerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithinthestatutorylimitfordoingso.(e) Foreignerswhohavenotreceivedafinalsentenceyet,butwhohavestartedservingtheirprisonsentencesinadvance.(f) Sentencedforeigners(finalsentence).(g) Foreignersheldforadministrativereasonsand/orthoseawaitingreturnorexpulsion.(h) Other.


Country (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)Albania 84 48.8 No No No 51.2 No NoAndorra 35 31.4 22.9 0.0 0.0 45.7 0.0 0.0Armenia 147 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0Austria 4255 28.3 NAP NA NAP 66.7 0.9 4.0Azerbaijan 612 18.8 NAP NA NAP 81.2 No NoBelgium 5431 28.8 NAP 8.1 NAP 58.3 0.0 4.8BH:BiH(st.level) 7 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0BH:Rep.Srpska 29 31.0 NA NA NA 69.0 No NoCroatia 275 49.5 NAP NA 50.5 NAP NoCyprus 315 26.7 NAP No No 73.3 No NoCzechRep. 1444 37.2 NAP 62.8 Note NoDenmark 1098 36.3 11.6 NAP 38.4 NA 13.7Estonia 229 30.6 NAP 67.7 1.7 NoFinland 465 37.8 NA 61.5 No 0.6France 14390 31.7 NAP NA NA 68.3 No NoGeorgia 179 44.7 NA 2.8 NA 30.7 NA 0.6Germany 19320 28.4 NA NA NA 68.5 NA 3.1Greece 7993 20.6 NAP NA NA 77.1 2.3 0.0Hungary 617 46.4 NAP 12.2 No 40.7 No 0.8Iceland 24 0.0 NAP 0.0 0.0 100.0 No NoIreland 559 27.9 NA NAP 71.4 0.7 0.0Italy 22878 21.0 NAP 22.1 NAP 56.2 No 0.7Latvia 66 43.9 NA NA NA 56.1 NA NALiechtenstein 5 0.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 20.0 0.0 20.0Lithuania 149 45.0 NA NA NA 55.0 NAP NoLuxembourg 518 49.8 NAP NA NAP 50.2 NA NoMalta 222 35.6 NAP 1.4 NAP 63.1 No NoMoldova 59 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 NAP NoMonaco 26 76.9 0.0 11.5 0.0 11.5 No NoMontenegro 170 68.2 5.3 26.5 No NoNetherlands 2140 42.2 NA 11.5 NAP 45.2 No 1.0Norway 1200 48.7 0.0 NA 51.3 NA NoPoland 521 42.2 No NA No 57.8 No NoPortugal 2647 31.3 NAP NA NAP 68.7 No NoRomania 185 13.5 8.6 0.0 NAP 77.8 NAP NoSanMarino 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 NoSerbia 352 43.8 56.3 No NoSlovakRep. 226 NA NA NA NA 58.8 NA NASlovenia 145 32.4 NA 67.6 No NASpain(total) 21846 23.4 NAP NA NAP 76.6 No NoSpain(StateAdm.) 17333 23.5 NAP NA NAP 76.5 No NoSpain(Catalonia) 4513 23.1 NAP No NAP 76.9 Note NASweden 1383 No No No No 100.0 No NoSwitzerland 5258 32.6 NA NA NA 59.1 7.1 1.2theFYROMacedonia 88 5.7 8.0 0.0 48.9 37.5 No NoTurkey 2294 13.3 NA NA 51.0 35.7 NA NAUK:Engl.&Wales 10786 15.0 4.0 NA NAP 63.6 17.4 NoUK:North.Ireland 129 53.5 No 3.1 No 33.3 10.1 NoUK:Scotland 291 NA NA NA NAP NA 1.4 NAMean 33.3 9.5 5.5 17.7 58.7 3.2 3.2Median 31.5 6.0 1.4 0.0 60.3 0.9 0.7Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 100.0 40.0 22.1 56.3 100.0 17.4 20.0



NOTES – TABLES AM2 & AM3

AUSTRIA Point(g):prisonerswereheldunderprovisionalarrestforforeigngovernments. Point(h):Underthisheadingareincluded:

o personsunderpsychiatrictreatmentorsecuritymeasures,o peoplewhowereinprisoninordertosupportotheradministrativeauthorities,ando detainees held under provisional arrest at the very beginning of the pre‐trial

investigation,butfinallypre‐trialdetentionwasrejectedbycourt.CROATIA

Points (e) and (f): There are no accurate breakdown statistics for prisoners without finalsentencewhoareservingasentenceinadvance,becausetheyareassimilatedtofinalsentencedprisoners.

CZECHREPUBLIC Point (g) There are 525 foreign pre‐trial detainees and final sentenced inmates waiting for

expulsion(theyweresentencedtoexpulsion)only.Thesearenotstrictosensucriminalinmatesand,therefore,theyarenotincludedinTablesAM2andAM3.

DENMARK Point(h):inmatesheldincustodyaccordingtoAlienAct.

FINLAND Point(h):inmatesheldincustodyawaitingextradition.

GERMANY Point(h): 598 inmates are "Other cases" (e.g. custody pending deportation) but there are no

exactinputsavailableforallGermanLänder.IRELAND

Points(b)and(f):Forjuvenileoffenderstheonlytwocategoriesavailableareremanded(pre‐trial)andcommitted(sentenced)youngpeopleundertheageof17forboysand18forgirls.

ITALY Point(h):Underthisheadingareincludedpersonsundergoingsecuritymeasures.

LATVIA General:Dataareon1stOctober2013. Point (a): Figures are available only on sentenced inmates. There are no accurate inputs by

categoriesforpre‐trialforeigninmates.LIECHTENSTEIN

Point(h):1PersonheldinExtradition. Butthispersonisnotincludedinthetotal.LUXEMBOURG

Point(g):ThesepeopleareheldintheDetentioncentreforforeigners(ImmigrationDirectorateoftheMinistryofForeignAffairs).

MONTENEGRO Point(b):Pre‐trialdetainees. Point(f):numberofsentencedinmates,includingformisdemeanours.

THENETHERLANDS Point(d):thesearethepeopleappealingtheirsentence.Theoneswhoaresentencedbuthave

not appealed yet, but still arewithin the statutory limit to do so, are part ofpoint (b). Theycannotbemadevisibleasaseparatefigure.

Point(h):Underthisheadingareincludedinmateswithmainlyunknownstatuses.POLAND

Point(f):Thenumberofsentencedforeignerswithfinalandnon‐finalsentences.PORTUGAL

General:Dataareon31stDecember 2013.



SANMARINO Point(h):1PersonheldinExtradition.Butthispersonisnotincludedinthetotal.

SERBIA Points(b)&(c):personswhowerefoundguiltybutwhohavenotreceivedafinalsentence‐ all

ofthemareindetention.SLOVAKREPUBLIC

General:Informationavailableonlyforsentencedprisoners.SLOVENIA

General:Therewere47remandforeignprisonersand98convicted.SPAIN(CATALONIA)

Point(h): 1762 inmateswereawaitingexpulsion.Thesepersonsarenot included in the totalnumberofforeigninmates.

SWEDEN General:Dataareon1stOctober2013. Point (a): Figures are available only on sentenced inmates. There are no accurate inputs by

categoriesforpre‐trialforeigninmates.SWITZERLAND

General:Dataareon4thSeptember2013.



TABLE AM4: TYPES OF MAIN OFFENCES OF FOREIGN INMATES (PRE‐TRIAL AND SENTENCED)

ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (NUMBERS)


Country

4.0.Total

number

4.1.Hom

icide

(including

attempts)

4.2.Assaultand

battery

4.3.Rape

4.4.Othertypes

ofsexual

offences

4.5.Robbery

4.6.Othertypes

oftheft

4.7.Econom

ic

andfinancial

offences

4.8.Drug

offenses

4.9.Terrorism

4.10.Organised

crime

4.11.Other

cases

Albania 84 2 NA 3 4 3 11 NA 37 0 NA 24Andorra 35 3 2 1 2 8 0 3 14 0 0 2Armenia 147 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAustria 4255 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAzerbaijan 612 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABelgium 5431 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(total) 0 BH:BiH(st.level) 7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:Fed.BiH 0 BH:Rep.Srpska 29 4 0 2 0 5 4 1 6 0 5 2Bulgaria 0 Croatia 275 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NACyprus 315 20 9 18 4 92 0 106 0 0 66CzechRep. 1444 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NADenmark 1098 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 64Estonia 229 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 11Finland 465 31 25 NA 37 37 85 30 196 0 0 16France 14390 1549 1463 NA 1227 NA 3481 1569 2725 NA NA 2376Georgia 179 9 4 1 1 3 5 1 30 NA NA 15Germany 19320 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1218Greece 7993 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 617 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 32Iceland 24 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5Ireland 559 49 44 33 27 11 75 18 208 0 0 94Italy 22878 2173 92 1131 240 2945 2078 3 10225 31 10 3950Latvia 66 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3Liechtenstein 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 2Lithuania 149 NA NA 0 0 NA NA NA NA 0 0 6Luxembourg 518 54 39 13 6 43 144 12 169 0 0 36Malta 222 15 9 6 4 36 0 4 130 0 1 17Moldova 59 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAMonaco 26 0 0 1 0 1 10 7 4 0 0 4Montenegro 170 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NANetherlands 2140 322 59 NA 34 258 486 104 369 NA 7 501Norway 1200 62 74 86 7 81 181 55 434 NAP NAP 220Poland 521 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAPortugal 2647 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 526Romania 185 30 0 0 3 13 6 0 61 1 19 52RussianFed. 0 SanMarino 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0Serbia 352 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA 46SlovakRep. 226 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASlovenia 145 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASpain(total) 21846 1558 1105 1079 328 4421 856 226 8125 34 NA 4085Spain(StateAdm.) 17333 1160 824 855 254 3470 182 186 6744 34 NA 3624Spain(Catalonia) 4513 398 281 224 74 951 674 40 1381 0 29 461Sweden 1383 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 435Switzerland 5258 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 88 0 0 2 1 8 10 NA 44 0 2 21Turkey 2294 248 44 50 NA 216 NA NA 1367 112 74 NAUkraine 0 UK:Engl.&Wales 10786 981 1129 765 434 778 1271 491 1769 NAP NAP 3168UK:North.Ireland 129 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 7UK:Scotland 291 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA



TABLE AM5: TYPES OF MAIN OFFENCES OF FOREIGN INMATES (PRE‐TRIAL AND SENTENCED)

ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (PERCENTAGES)


Country4.0.Total

number

4.1.Hom

icide

(including

attempts)

4.2.Assaultand

battery

4.3.Rape

4.4.Othertypes

ofsexual

offences

4.5.Robbery

4.6.Othertypes

oftheft

4.7.Econom

ic

andfinancial

offences

4.8.Drug

offenses

4.9.Terrorism

4.10.Organised

crime

4.11.Other

cases

Albania 84 2.4 NA 3.6 4.8 3.6 13.1 NA 44.0 0.0 NA 28.6Andorra 35 8.6 5.7 2.9 5.7 22.9 0.0 8.6 40.0 0.0 0.0 5.7Armenia 147 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAustria 4255 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAzerbaijan 612 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABelgium 5431 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(st.level) 7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 29 13.8 0.0 6.9 0.0 17.2 13.8 3.4 20.7 0.0 17.2 6.9Bulgaria Croatia 275 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NACyprus 315 6.3 2.9 5.7 1.3 29.2 0.0 33.7 0.0 0.0 21.0CzechRep. 1444 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NADenmark 1098 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.8Estonia 229 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.8Finland 465 6.7 5.4 NA 8.0 8.0 18.3 6.5 42.2 0.0 0.0 3.4France 14390 10.8 10.2 NA 8.5 NA 24.2 10.9 18.9 NA NA 16.5Georgia 179 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGermany 19320 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6.3Greece 7993 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 617 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.2Iceland 24 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 20.8Ireland 559 8.8 7.9 5.9 4.8 2.0 13.4 3.2 37.2 0.0 0.0 16.8Italy 22878 9.5 0.4 4.9 1.0 12.9 9.1 0.0 44.7 0.1 0.0 17.3Latvia 66 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.5Liechtenstein 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 40.0Lithuania 149 NA NA 0.0 0.0 NA NA NA NA 0.0 0.0 4.0Luxembourg 518 10.4 7.5 2.5 1.2 8.3 27.8 2.3 32.6 0.0 0.0 6.9Malta 222 6.8 4.1 2.7 1.8 16.2 0.0 1.8 58.6 0.0 0.5 7.7Moldova 59 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAMonaco 26 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 3.8 38.5 26.9 15.4 0.0 0.0 15.4Montenegro 170 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NANetherlands 2140 15.0 2.8 NA 1.6 12.1 22.7 4.9 17.2 NA 0.3 23.4Norway 1200 5.2 6.2 7.2 0.6 6.8 15.1 4.6 36.2 NAP NAP 18.3Poland 521 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAPortugal 2647 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 19.9Romania 185 16.2 0.0 0.0 1.6 7.0 3.2 0.0 33.0 0.5 10.3 28.1RussianFed. SanMarino 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NA 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 352 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 NA 13.1SlovakRep. 226 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASlovenia 145 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASpain(total) 21846 7.1 5.1 4.9 1.5 20.2 3.9 1.0 37.2 0.2 NA 18.7Spain(StateAdm.) 17333 6.7 4.8 4.9 1.5 20.0 1.1 1.1 38.9 0.2 NA 20.9Spain(Catalonia) 4513 8.8 6.2 5.0 1.6 21.1 14.9 0.9 30.6 0.0 0.6 10.2Sweden 1383 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 31.5Switzerland 5258 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 88 0.0 0.0 2.3 1.1 9.1 11.4 NA 50.0 0.0 2.3 23.9Turkey 2294 10.8 1.9 2.2 NA 9.4 NA NA 59.6 4.9 3.2 NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 10786 9.1 10.5 7.1 4.0 7.2 11.8 4.6 16.4 NAP NAP 29.4UK:North.Ireland 129 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.4UK:Scotland 291 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Mean 7.4 3.8 3.6 2.3 10.8 13.2 12.2 32.8 0.3 2.0 14.9Median 8.6 3.5 3.6 1.5 8.7 13.3 4.0 33.7 0.0 0.0 15.4Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 16.2 10.5 7.2 8.5 29.2 38.5 100.0 59.6 4.9 17.2 40.0



TABLE AM6: TYPES OF MAIN OFFENCES OF FOREIGN SENTECED INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER

2013 (NUMBERS)


Country

Sentenced

foreigners

(finalsentence)

6.1.Hom

icide

(including

attempts)

6.2.Assaultand

battery

6.3.Rape

6.4.Othertypes

ofsexual

offences

6.5.Robbery

6.6.Othertypes

oftheft

6.7.Econom

ic

andfinancial

offences

6.8.Drug

offenses

6.9.Terrorism

6.10.Organised

crime

6.11.Other

cases

Albania 43 1 NA 3 4 1 8 NA 20 0 NA 6Andorra 16 3 0 1 2 2 0 2 4 0 0 2Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAustria 2840 114 NA 65 26 442 1211 NA 581 NA NA NAAzerbaijan 497 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABelgium 3164 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(st.level) 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 20 2 0 2 0 5 2 1 4 0 2 2Bulgaria Croatia (139) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NACyprus 231 17 8 12 3 73 NA 0 94 0 0 24CzechRep. 907 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NADenmark 422 18 60 13 5 61 80 13 108 NA NA 64Estonia 155 27 12 6 0 28 20 0 48 0 3 11Finland 286 22 22 NA 26 22 39 7 132 0 0 16France 9834 1077 1180 NA 724 NA 2597 903 1795 NA NA 1558Georgia 55 8 1 NA 1 2 2 NA 19 NA NA NAGermany 13234 1018 1462 597 17 2076 2993 1315 2538 NA NA 1218Greece 6161 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 251 39 10 12 2 51 28 NA 77 0 NA 32Iceland 24 4 0 2 1 2 1 0 9 0 0 5Ireland 399 42 36 27 22 10 57 13 134 0 0 58Italy 12865 1246 46 702 158 1555 1032 2 6222 15 2 1885Latvia 37 11 1 1 0 7 3 3 8 0 0 3Liechtenstein 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2Lithuania 82 12 3 0 0 5 14 10 32 0 0 6Luxembourg 260 30 32 9 1 21 49 5 93 0 0 20Malta 140 10 4 5 0 31 0 1 79 0 1 9Moldova 59 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAMonaco 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 7 4 0 0 4Montenegro 45 9 8 NA NA 1 4 2 12 4 8 NANetherlands 968 125 25 NA 14 116 162 44 162 NA 4 316Norway 616 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAP NAP 220Poland 301 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAPortugal 1819 164 39 38 19 297 99 NA 637 0 NA 526Romania 144 30 0 0 3 13 5 0 61 1 18 13RussianFed. SanMarino 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0Serbia (198) 8 NA 7 1 21 25 NA 57 0 33 46SlovakRep. 133 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASlovenia 98 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASpain(total) 16738 1193 976 937 255 3739 697 160 6293 30 NA 2458Spain(St.Adm.) 13266 924 738 754 206 2969 173 122 5286 30 NA 2064Spain(Catalonia) 3472 269 238 183 49 770 524 38 1007 0 2 392Sweden 1383 128 100 90 38 103 175 45 269 NA NA 435Switzerland 3106 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 33 0 0 2 0 3 5 NA 11 0 1 11Turkey 818 156 24 14 NA 47 NA NA 542 66 12 NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 6860 870 843 624 303 649 973 357 1370 NAP NAP 871UK:North.Ireland 43 8 11 5 3 2 4 NA 3 NA NA 7UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA



TABLE AM7: TYPES OF MAIN OFFENCES OF FOREIGN SENTECED INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER

2013 (PERCENTAGES)


CountrySentenced

foreigners

(finalsentence)

6.1.Hom

icide

(including

attempts)

6.2.Assaultand

battery

6.3.Rape

6.4.Othertypes

ofsexual

offences

6.5.Robbery

6.6.Othertypes

oftheft

6.7.Econom

ic

andfinancial

offences

6.8.Drug

offenses

6.9.Terrorism

6.10.Organised

crime

6.11.Other

cases

Albania 43 2.3 NA 7.0 9.3 2.3 18.6 NA 46.5 0.0 NA 14.0Andorra 16 18.8 0.0 6.3 12.5 12.5 0.0 12.5 25.0 0.0 0.0 12.5Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAustria 2840 4.0 NA 2.3 0.9 15.6 42.6 NA 20.5 NA NA NAAzerbaijan 497 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABelgium 3164 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(st.level) 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 20 10.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 25.0 10.0 5.0 20.0 0.0 10.0 10.0Bulgaria Croatia 139 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NACyprus 231 7.4 3.5 5.2 1.3 31.6 NA 0.0 40.7 0.0 0.0 10.4CzechRep. 907 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NADenmark 422 4.3 14.2 3.1 1.2 14.5 19.0 3.1 25.6 NA NA 15.2Estonia 155 17.4 7.7 3.9 0.0 18.1 12.9 0.0 31.0 0.0 1.9 7.1Finland 286 7.7 7.7 NA 9.1 7.7 13.6 2.4 46.2 0.0 0.0 5.6France 9834 11.0 12.0 NA 7.4 NA 26.4 9.2 18.3 NA NA 15.8Georgia 55 14.5 1.8 NA 1.8 3.6 3.6 NA 34.5 NA NA NAGermany 13234 7.7 11.0 4.5 0.1 15.7 22.6 9.9 19.2 NA NA 9.2Greece 6161 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 251 15.5 4.0 4.8 0.8 20.3 11.2 NA 30.7 0.0 NA 12.7Iceland 24 16.7 0.0 8.3 4.2 8.3 4.2 0.0 37.5 0.0 0.0 20.8Ireland 399 10.5 9.0 6.8 5.5 2.5 14.3 3.3 33.6 0.0 0.0 14.5Italy 12865 9.7 0.4 5.5 1.2 12.1 8.0 0.0 48.4 0.1 0.0 14.7Latvia 37 29.7 2.7 2.7 0.0 18.9 8.1 8.1 21.6 0.0 0.0 8.1Liechtenstein 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lithuania 82 14.6 3.7 0.0 0.0 6.1 17.1 12.2 39.0 0.0 0.0 7.3Luxembourg 260 11.5 12.3 3.5 0.4 8.1 18.8 1.9 35.8 0.0 0.0 7.7Malta 140 7.1 2.9 3.6 0.0 22.1 0.0 0.7 56.4 0.0 0.7 6.4Moldova 59 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAMonaco 3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAMontenegro 45 20.0 17.8 NA NA 2.2 8.9 4.4 26.7 8.9 17.8 NANetherlands 968 12.9 2.6 NA 1.4 12.0 16.7 4.5 16.7 NA 0.4 32.6Norway 616 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAP NAP 35.7Poland 301 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAPortugal 1819 9.0 2.1 2.1 1.0 16.3 5.4 NA 35.0 0.0 NA 28.9Romania 144 20.8 0.0 0.0 2.1 9.0 3.5 0.0 42.4 0.7 12.5 9.0RussianFed. SanMarino 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NA 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 198 4.0 NA 3.5 0.5 10.6 12.6 NA 28.8 0.0 16.7 23.2SlovakRep. 133 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASlovenia 98 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASpain(total) 16738 7.1 5.8 5.6 1.5 22.3 4.2 1.0 37.6 0.2 NA 14.7Spain(StateAdm.) 13266 7.0 5.6 5.7 1.6 22.4 1.3 0.9 39.8 0.2 NA 15.6Spain(Catalonia) 3472 7.7 6.9 5.3 1.4 22.2 15.1 1.1 29.0 0.0 0.1 11.3Sweden 1383 9.3 7.2 6.5 2.7 7.4 12.7 3.3 19.5 NA NA 31.5Switzerland 3106 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 33 0.0 0.0 6.1 0.0 9.1 15.2 NA 33.3 0.0 3.0 33.3Turkey 818 19.1 2.9 1.7 NA 5.7 NA NA 66.3 8.1 1.5 NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 6860 12.7 12.3 9.1 4.4 9.5 14.2 5.2 20.0 NAP NAP 12.7UK:North.Ireland 43 18.6 25.6 11.6 7.0 4.7 9.3 NA 7.0 NA NA 16.3UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAMean 11.0 5.9 4.6 2.5 11.8 12.2 12.0 30.1 0.7 3.1 15.2Median 10.0 3.6 4.6 1.2 10.0 12.6 3.3 30.7 0.0 0.0 12.7Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 29.7 25.6 11.6 12.5 31.6 42.6 100.0 66.3 8.9 17.8 35.7



NOTES – TABLES AM4 TO AM7

AUSTRIA The numbers given in Table AM4 to AM7 are only on sentenced prisoners and no further

categorisationispossible.CROATIA

Among sentenced foreigners are included those serving sentence in advance. There are noaccuratebreakdownstatisticsforprisonerswithoutfinalsentencewhoareservingasentenceinadvance,becausetheyareassimilatedtofinalsentencedprisoners.

FINLAND Finedefaulters(8)arenotincludedinthetotalnumberofforeigninmates.

FRANCE “Othercases”:under thisheadingare includedbreachesof legislationon foreigners.Ofwhich:

136arepre‐trials,and220sentenced.Total=356.HUNGARY

Thedistributionbytypeofoffenceisavailableonlyforsentencedforeigninmates.IRELAND

“Othercases”:ofwhichfinalsentenced(58)andwithoutfinalsentence(35).ITALY

“Organisedcrime"ismostoftimesassociatedwithmoreseriouscrimes.Therefore,theuseofthemethodofthemaincrimeimpliesanunderestimationofpersonswithsuchcharges.

Assaultandbattery:thisitemincludesassaultandbattery(percosseelesioni).LATVIA

Dataareon1st October2013. Distributionbycategoriesofoffencesisavailableonlyforsentencedprisoners.

LIECHTENSTEIN “Othercases”:heldinExtraditionnotincludedinthetotal.

LITHUANIA Dataareon31stDecember2013. Thedataincludesonlyforeigninmateswhoaresentencedandserveaprisonsentence. Assaultandbattery:Heavybodilyinjury.

LUXEMBOURG “Other cases”: Under this heading are included 2 additional inmates, held under regime of

voluntaryconfinement.Buttheyarenotincludedinthetotal.MALTA

“Othercases”:ofwhich5awaitingtrialand8sentenced.MONACO

“Othercases”:drunkdriving(2),humantrafficking(1),escape(1). Onepersonwassentencedfortwodifferenttypesofoffences(nomainoffencerule).

MONTENEGRO Data are available only on sentenced inmates without pre‐trials. Many of them are being

punishedfortrafficoffenses.Finedefaultersareaswellincluded.THENETHERLANDS

Terrorism:itisnotpossibletodistinguishterrorismasaseparatecategory. “Othercases”includeotherlawsandunknown.Thereisabiggroupofwhichthetypeofcrimeis

not registered. For instance, in the case of people who are convicted to pay financialcompensationtothevictimsandwhoaredetainedfornothavingdonethat,orpeoplewhoareconvictedtoplacementinacustodialclinicunderahospitalorder.

NORWAY Organised crime & Terrorism: These are not in themselves classified as offences, but as

aggravatingelementsthatmayresultinlongersentences.Weareunabletoquantifyincidences.


Strasbourg, 15

PORTUGAL Dat

ROMANIA Oth

SERBIA Figu

per “Oth

SWEDEN Dat Figu

perUK:ENGLAND

Allrefesen

Item Item Item Item Item Item “Oth

UK:NORTHE Info

MAP AM1

pe Annual Penal S

5 December 201

taareon31st

hercases:incl

ures are prosonswithouthercases”:Pu

taareon1stOures are prosonswithoutDANDWALESitems are aers to prisontenced.m4.1includem4.2includem4.3isthefim4.4includem4.6includem4.7includehercases”:OERNIRELANDormationava

1: PERCENT

Statistics: SPACE

14, pc‐cp\space

December20

luding11sen

ovided only otfinalsentenunishedform

October2013ovided only otfinalsenten

further breakners on rema

smurder,masallotherviogureforrapesallothersesburglary,ansfraudandffwhich2297

ilableonlyfo

AGE OF FOR

I – 2013

e\documents\p

013.

ntencedand3

on sentencedce.minoroffense

.on sentencedce.

kdownofTandwhower

anslaughteraolenceagainse.xualoffencesndtheftandhorgery7sentenced.

orsentencedi

REIGN INMA

SEPTE

pc‐cp (2014) 11

39withoutfin

d foreign inm

es.

d foreign inm

ableA1.4 of pre either untr

and'otheransttheperson

s.handlingstol

inmates.

ATES IN TH

EMBER 2013

nalsentence

mates. There

mates. There

published figried or convi

dattemptedoffences.

lengoodsoffe

E TOTAL PR

3

e are no sep

e are no sep

gures. 'Withoicted of the c

homicide'.

ences

RISON POPU

PC‐CP (201

parate record

parate record

out final sentcrime but no

ULATION ON

14) 11

ds on

ds on

tence'ot yet

N 1ST



TABLE AM8: FLOW OF ENTRIES OF FOREIGN INMATES TO PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012


CountryTotalnumberof

entriesofforeignersintocustody

Numberofentriesbeforefinalsentence

%ofentriesbeforefinalsentence

Numberofentriesaftertherevocation,

suspensionorannulmentofthe

conditionalreleaseorprobation

Albania 72 72 100.0 0Andorra 54 47 87.0 0Armenia NA NA NA NAAustria 6179 5508 89.1 NAAzerbaijan NA NA NA NABelgium 8092 6195 76.6 NABH:BiH(st.level) NA NA NA NABH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 64 46 71.9 0Bulgaria Croatia 655 391 59.7 NACyprus 2068 1190 57.5 NACzechRep. 1458 1123 77.0 NADenmark 6089 NA NA NAEstonia 182 158 86.8 NAFinland 972 720 74.1 NAFrance 18345 NA NA NAGeorgia 307 NA NA NAGermany NA NA NA NAGreece NA NA NA NAHungary NA NA NA NAIceland 90 41 45.6 0Ireland 2909 895 30.8 NAItaly 27006 24500 90.7 NALatvia 52 NA NA NALiechtenstein 49 49 100.0 0Lithuania 186 NA NA 0Luxembourg NA NA NA NAMalta 194 125 64.4 10Moldova 59 59 100.0 0Monaco 168 144 85.7 0Montenegro 738 583 79.0 0Netherlands 9123 4695 51.5 NANorway 2880 1864 64.7 NAPoland NA NA NA NAPortugal 1245 858 68.9 NARomania 98 42 42.9 0RussianFed. SanMarino 4 3 75.0 1Serbia 5070 606 12.0 NASlovakRep. 155 NA NA NASlovenia 501 312 62.3 NASpain(total) 16452 NA NA NASpain(StateAdm.) 12410 NA NA NASpain(Catalonia) 4042 2203 54.5 58Sweden 3127 NA NA NASwitzerland NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 90 11 12.2 0Turkey 2093 1225 58.5 NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 18760 11342 60.5 NAUK:North.Ireland 392 NA NA NAUK:Scotland NA NA NA NA



NOTES – TABLE AM8

AUSTRIA Thetotalnumberofentriesdoesnotincludeprisonerswithunknownnationalityandstateless

prisoners.IRELAND

Totalnumberofentries:Juvenileoffenders(2offenders)‐ inbothcasestheyoungpeoplewereremanded.Inthecaseofone,hewassentencedonhischarges.

SERBIA Thenumberofentriesofforeignersin2012is5,070,ofwhich179ofconvictedinmates,4,285

punishedforminoroffencesand606detainedpersons.SLOVENIA

Additionalnumberofentriesforpersons(foreigners)withcompliancedetention:57 On1st January2012, therewere151 foreignersamongall categoriesof inmates.All entriesof

foreignersin2012were‐501.SWEDEN

Figures are provided only on sentenced foreign inmates. There are no separate records onpersonswithoutfinalsentence.

Totalnumberofentriesincludesonlythenewentries.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

AllitemsareafurtherbreakdownoftableA2.5aoftheannualpublication. Totalnumberofentries:Foreignnationalfirstreceptions–

o Firstreceptionsprovideanindicationofthenumberofnewprisonersinatimeperiod.Apersonreceivedintoprisontoserveasentencemaypreviouslyhavebeenreceivedonremandafterconvictionpriortosentenceandbeforethatasaremandprisonerawaitingtrial.First receptionswill count thatprisoneronlyonce in therelevant timeperiod inwhichtheywerefirstreceived.

Numberofentriesbeforefinalsentence:Thisisthenumberoffirstreceptionsintotheuntried(awaitingtrial)orconvictedunsentenced(awaitingsentence)populations.



TABLE AM9: FLOW OF RELEASES OF FOREIGN INMATES FROM PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012


Country

Totalnumberofreleasesofforeigners

Numberofreleasesofpre‐trialforeigndetainees

%ofreleasesofpre‐trialforeigndetainees

Numberofreleasesof

finalsentencedforeigners

%ofreleasesof

finalsentencedforeigners

Otherreleases

%ofotherreleases

Albania 27 9 33.3 1 3.7 17 63.0Andorra 51 29 56.9 22 43.1 0 0.0Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAustria 6162 1650 26.8 3660 59.4 852 13.8Azerbaijan NA NA NA NA NA NA NABelgium 7577 3301 43.6 3887 51.3 389 5.1BH:BiH(st.level) NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 53 41 77.4 12 22.6 0 0.0Bulgaria Croatia NA NA NA NA NA NA NACyprus NA NA NA NA NA NA NACzechRep. 1475 396 26.8 513 34.8 566 38.4Denmark NA NA NA 1632 NA 0 0.0Estonia 208 59 28.4 149 71.6 0 0.0Finland 981 465 47.4 456 46.5 60 6.1France 17209 NA NA NA NA NA NAGeorgia 53 6 11.3 NA NA 9 17.0Germany NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece NA NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary NA NA NA NA NA NA NAIceland 85 13 15.3 72 84.7 1 1.2Ireland 2896 855 29.5 2041 70.5 0 0.0Italy 28766 14296 49.7 14423 50.1 47 0.2Latvia NA NA NA 18 NA 0 0.0Liechtenstein 50 3 6.0 7 14.0 40 80.0Lithuania NA NA NA 154 NA 0 0.0Luxembourg NA NA NA NA NA NA NAMalta 81 49 60.5 32 39.5 NA NAMoldova 62 NA NA NA NA NA NAMonaco 161 15 9.3 134 83.2 12 7.5Montenegro 822 80 9.7 594 72.3 148 18.0Netherlands 8908 2707 30.4 6013 67.5 188 2.1Norway NA NA NA NA NA NA NAPoland NA NA NA NA NA NA NAPortugal 1192 268 22.5 NA NA NA NARomania 131 30 22.9 55 42.0 46 35.1RussianFed. SanMarino 1 0 0.0 1 100.0 0 0.0Serbia NA NA NA 158 NA NA NASlovakRep. 143 87 60.8 56 39.2 0 0.0Slovenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NASpain(total) 20295 8557 42.2 11738 57.8 NA NASpain(StateAdm.) 16704 6955 41.6 9749 58.4 0 0.0Spain(Catalonia) 3591 1602 44.6 1989 55.4 NA NASweden NA NA NA 2916 NA 72 NASwitzerland NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 39 13 33.3 26 66.7 0 0.0Turkey 1305 1123 86.1 182 13.9 0 0.0Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales NA NA NA 9448 NA NA NAUK:North.Ireland 475 187 39.4 213 44.8 75 15.8UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NAMean 35.1 51.5 11.7

Median 31.9 50.7 0.7

Minimum 0.0 3.7 0.0

Maximum 86.1 100.0 80.0



TABLE AM10: PLACES WHERE FOREIGN INMATES WERE RELEASED FROM PENAL

INSTITUTIONS IN 2012


Country

Numberofreleasesontheterritoryofthecountrywherethe

foreignerwasdetained

Numberoftransfersmadetothecountriesof

origin

OfwhichNumberoftransfersintheMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion

Ofwhich Numberoftransfersin

countriesotherthanthe

EuropeanUnionMemberStates

Otherreleases

OnapplicationoftheCouncilFrameworkDecision

2008/909/JHAAlbania 10 17 2 0 15 0Andorra 50 1 1 0 0 0Armenia NA 31 2 NA 29 NAAustria 5353 809 NA NA NA NAAzerbaijan NA NA NA NA NA NABelgium 7017 NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(st.level) NA NA NA NA NA NABH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 44 9 0 0 0 0Bulgaria Croatia NA NA NA NA NA NACyprus 9 9 NA NA NA NACzechRep. 936 NA NA NA NA 539Denmark NA 16 NA NA NA 0Estonia NA 7 5 0 2 NAFinland NA 17 17 0 0 43France NA NA NA NA NA NAGeorgia 27 NA NA NA NA NAGermany NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece NA 1 1 NA 1 NAHungary NA NA NA NA NA NAIceland NA 14 NA NA NA NAIreland 1 NA NA NA NA NAItaly NA NA NA NA NA NALatvia NA NA NA NA NA NALiechtenstein 33 17 15 NA 2 Lithuania 154 2 0 0 2 0Luxembourg NA NA NA NA NA NAMalta 49 NA NA NA NA NAMoldova 0 62 0 0 62 0Monaco 149 12 9 0 3 0Montenegro 789 17 11 NA 5 16Netherlands 8719 189 NA NA NA NANorway NA 48 48 NA 0 0Poland NA NA NA NA NA NAPortugal NA NA NA NA NA NARomania 1 7 0 0 4 123RussianFed. SanMarino 0 0 0 0 0 0Serbia NA NA NA NA NA NASlovakRep. NA NA NA NA NA NASlovenia NA NA NA NA NA NASpain(total) NA 3696 534 14 3155 NASpain(StateAdm.) 13523 3181 495 7 2679 0Spain(Catalonia) NA 515 39 7 476 NASweden 2921 65 48 NA 17 2Switzerland NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 36 3 NA NA NA NATurkey 1305 0 0 0 0 0Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales NA NA NA NA NA NAUK:North.Ireland 405 NA NA NA NA NAUK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA



NOTES – TABLES AM9 & AM10

AUSTRIA Numberoftransfersmadetothecountriesoforigin: The number includes people extradited to

anothercountry(nofurthercategorisationpossible)andpeoplereleasedundertheconditionofreturningtotheircountriesoforigin(nofurthercategorisationpossible).

CZECHREPUBLIC Othertypesofreleasesare thesameforpre‐trialdetaineesand finalsentencedprisoners, there

are:death;releasesrelatedtohealthreasons;transferstopsychiatrichospitalnotrunbyPS;alltypesofextraditiontoforeigncountries;pardonsandreleasesorderedbycourt.

Otherplacesof releases: These numbers represent all transfers (not only to the countries oforigin).Dataaboutthecountrieswheretheextraditionsarecompletedarenotavailable,becausesomeforeigninmatesarenottransferredtothecountryoftheirorigin.

DENMARK Numberoftransfersmadetothecountriesoforigin: transferred inorder tocontinueservingthe

imprisonmentintheirowncountry.NotincludedcitizensfromtheNordiccountries.FINLAND

Numberof transfersmadeto thecountriesoforigin: The accurate figures are available for theforeignpersonswhoaretransferredtocontinueservingsentenceintheirhomecountryandhowmanyforeignersarereleasedonthebasisofextradition.Buttherearenoautomaticrecordsonforeignerswho are expelled after release. Those foreigners are turnedover to thepolicewhotakecareoftheprocedure.

ICELAND Otherplacesofreleases:Thisonepersonwastransferredtohishomelandtoservehissentence. Number of transfersmade to the countries of origin: The Directorate of Immigration takes a

decisionregardingexpulsion.AccordingtothePrisonandProbationAdministrationdocuments,12wereexpelledin2012and19in2013.Thentherewere2thatwereextraditedin2012and4in2013.

ITALY Othertypesofreleases:personsundergoingsecuritymeasures

LATVIA Numberofreleasesontheterritoryofthecountrywhereforeignerswereincarcerated:in2012,18

sentencedinmateswerereleasedinLatvia;2013,16sentencedinmateswerereleasedinLatvia.LITHUANIA

Numberoftransfersmadetothecountriesoforigin:Thenumber indicated isof foreign inmatestransferredtoservetherestofthesentence(onlysentencedinmatesincluded).Thenumberoftransfersisnotincludedinthenumberofreleases.

MALTA Numberoftransfersmadetothecountriesoforigin:whena foreign inmate terminatehisprison

sentence, the prison authorities escort inmate to the Police Immigration Department and itdependontheinmatestatusifsubjectistransferredtohiscountryoforigin,keptontheterritoryofthecountry,orheldinthedetentioncentre.

MONACO Numberoftransfers in theMemberStatesof theEuropeanUnion: extraditions and transfers to

France. NumberoftransfersincountriesotherthantheEuropeanUnionMemberStates:onlyextraditions. Under the Franco‐Monegasque neighbourhood Convention of 1963, all transferable prisoners

regardlessof theirnationalityare transferred toFrance.Thusonly theFrench inmates canbetransferred to their country of origin. However, other inmateswill be extradited to other EUcountriesortotheircountriesoforigin.

Othertypesofreleases:amnestiesonsentence.



THENETHERLANDS Numberoftransfersmadetothecountriesoforigin:189peoplehavebeenhandedovertoother

countries. But these countries are not always the countries where they were born. It is thecountrywherethey(supposedly)committedacrime.

NORWAY SinceNorwayisnotapartoftheEuropeanUnion,NorwayisnotpartoftheCouncilFramework

Decision 2008/909/JHA. Norway has ratified the Convention on the Transfer of SentencedPersons CETS No.: 112 and the Additional Protocol to the Convention on the Transfer ofSentencedPersons.

CETS No.: 167, and the majority of the transfers are done according to this convention. Inaddition, Norway has bilateral agreements with the following European countries: Latvia,Lithuania(entersintoforcesoon)andRomania.

ROMANIA Other typesof releases: Other reasons for release are in the immediate/urgent proceeding of

request by the judicial authority, conditional suspension of execution of sentence, suspendedexecutionofthesentenceundersupervision,deaths,releaseunderjudicialcontrol,extraditions.

SERBIA Thedataiscollatedonlyonthereleaseofconvictedpersons.Therearenorecordsforpersons

withoutfinalsentenceandthosepunishedforminoroffenses. Numberofreleasesontheterritoryofthecountrywhereforeignerswereincarcerated:in2012:10

releasesoffinalsentencedinmates,andin2013:8releases. Numberof transfers in theMemberStatesof theEuropeanUnion (2012): 30 transfers of final

sentencedinmatestotheMemberStatesoftheEU.(2013):38.o OnapplicationoftheCouncilFrameworkDecision2008/909/JHA(2012):7.(2013):9.

Number of transfers in countries other than the European UnionMember States: (2012): 23.(2013):29.

SWEDEN Dataarecollatedonlyonsentencedprisoners.Pre‐traildetainersnotincluded.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALES Number of releases of final sentenced foreigners is a further breakdown of table A3.1a of

publication, information on sentenced prisoners only is held centrally and excludesindeterminatesentences.



List of Tables and Figures CONVENTIONS USED ............................................................................................................................................... 25

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY ....................................................................................................................... 25

A.1. LEGISLATIVE AND OTHER MEASURES WHICH DIRECTLY INFLUENCE TRENDS IN THE NUMBER OF PRISONERS .. 30

TABLE 1: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 ................................................................. 42

TABLE 1.1: CATEGORIES INCLUDED IN THE TOTAL NUMBER OF INMATES IN TABLE 1 ............................................. 43

TABLE 1.2: CAPACITY OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (BY CATEGORIES) .................................. 53

FIGURE 1.A: COUNTRIES WITH MORE THAN 100 PRISONERS PER 100,000 INHABITANTS (HIGHEST PRISON

POPULATION RATES) ..................................................................................................................................... 60

FIGURE 1.B: COUNTRIES WITH PRISON POPULATION OVERCROWDING (MORE THAN 100 PRISONERS PER 100 PLACES) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 60

TABLE 1.3: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPT. 2013: ADJUSTED FIGURES ....................................... 61

TABLE 1.4: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 BY DECREASING PRISON POPULATION

RATES (NON-ADJUSTED VERSUS ADJUSTED FIGURES) ..................................................................................... 62

TABLE 1.5: EVOLUTION OF PRISON POPULATIONS BETWEEN 2004 AND 2013 ......................................................... 64

TABLE 1.6: YEAR-TO-YEAR PERCENTAGE CHANGE OF PRISON POPULATION RATES BETWEEN 2012 AND 2013 ....... 66

MAP 1: PRISON POPULATION RATES PER 100,000 INHABITANTS ON 1ST SEPT. 2013 ................................................ 69

TABLE 2: AGE STRUCTURE OF PRISON POPULATION ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 ........................................................ 70

TABLE 2.1: AGE AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY ................................................................................................... 72

TABLE 2.2.A: MINORS AND PERSONS BETWEEN 18 AND 21 OF AGE ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 .................................. 79

TABLE 2.2.B: DISTRIBUTION OF MINORS BY SEX ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 ............................................................. 80

FIGURE 2: COUNTRIES WITH THE YOUNGEST (LESS THAN 34 YEARS) PRISON POPULATION CLASSIFIED BY

DECREASING MEDIAN AGE ............................................................................................................................ 82

TABLE 2.3: AVERAGE AND MEDIAN AGES OF THE PRISON POPULATION ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 .......................... 82

MAP 2: AGE OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY AND PERCENTAGES OF INMATES LESS THAN 18 YEARS OF AGE IN

EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ................................................................................................................................. 83

TABLE 3.1: FEMALE INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 .......................................................................................... 84

TABLE 3.2: MALE INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 ............................................................................................. 87

TABLE 4: FOREIGN INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 ........................................................................................... 90

TABLE 4.A: ASYLUM SEEKERS AND ILLEGAL ALIENS HELD FOR ADMINISTARTIVE REASONS AMONG FOREIGN

INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 ................................................................................................................ 92

TABLE 5: LEGAL STATUS OF PRISON POPULATIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (NUMBERS) ....................................... 95

TABLE 5.1: DETAINEES NOT SERVING A FINAL SENTENCE ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (PERCENTAGES AND RATES) ... 99



TABLE 5.2: DANGEROUS OFFENDERS UNDER SECURITY MEASURES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (NUMBERS AND

PERCENTAGES) ............................................................................................................................................ 101

TABLE 6: MAIN OFFENCE OF SENTENCED PRISONERS (FINAL SENTENCE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (NUMBERS) ..... 104

TABLE 6.1: MAIN OFFENCE OF SENTENCED PRISONERS (FINAL SENTENCE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (PERCENTAGES)

................................................................................................................................................................... 105

TABLE 7: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (NUMBERS)

................................................................................................................................................................... 110

TABLE 7.1: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013

(PERCENTAGES) .......................................................................................................................................... 116

TABLE 7.2: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013

(CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGES) ....................................................................................................................... 117

TABLE 7.3: LENGTHS OF LESS THAN ONE YEAR OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST

SEPTEMBER 2013 (PERCENTAGES) ............................................................................................................... 118

FIGURE 3: COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST PERCENTAGES OF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO LESS THAN ONE YEAR .......... 119

TABLE 8: FLOW OF ENTRIES TO PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012 ............................................................................. 122

TABLE 9: FLOW OF RELEASES FROM PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012 ..................................................................... 126

TABLE 10: TURNOVER RATIO OF INMATES IN 2012 ............................................................................................. 132

FIGURE 4: COUNTRIES WITH LOWEST TURNOVER RATIOS IN 2012 ........................................................................ 133

TABLE 11.1: INDICATOR OF AVERAGE LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT IN 2012, BASED ON THE TOTAL NUMBER OF

DAYS SPENT IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ........................................................................................................... 134

TABLE 11.2: INDICATOR OF AVERAGE LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT IN 2012, BASED ON THE TOTAL STOCK OF

INMATES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2012 ......................................................................... 137

TABLE 12: ESCAPES FROM PENAL INSTITUTIONS DURING 2012 ............................................................................ 138

TABLE 13.1: DEATHS IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012 (BY TYPE OF REGISTERED DEATH) ................................... 140

TABLE 13.2: SUICIDES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012 ....................................................................................... 142

TABLE 13.3: TYPES OF DEATHS AND SUICIDES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012 .................................................. 143

MAP 3: SUICIDE RATE PER 10,000 INMATES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012 ...................................................... 146

TABLE 14: EXPENSES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012 (IN €) ............................................................................... 147

TABLE 14.A: CATEGORIES INCLUDED IN THE CALCULATION OF CUSTODIAL EXPENSES IN 2012, IN TABLE 14 ...... 149

TABLE 15: STAFF WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE) ON 1ST

SEPTEMBER 2013 (NUMBERS) ...................................................................................................................... 156

TABLE 15.1: STAFF WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE) ON 1ST

SEPTEMBER 2013 (PERCENTAGES) ............................................................................................................... 161

TABLE 15.2: STAFF WORKING INSIDE PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE) ON

1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (PERCENTAGES) .......................................................................................................... 162

FIGURE 5: STAFF WORKING INSIDE PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013, PERCENTAGES ...................... 163



TABLE 16: STAFF (FTE) WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS BUT NOT EMPLOYED BY THE PRISON ADMINISTRATION ON

1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES) ................................................................................... 164

FIGURE 6: HIGHEST RATIOS OF INMATES PER ONE CUSTODIAN ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 ...................................... 168

TABLE 17: RATIO OF INMATES PER CATEGORIES OF STAFF ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 ............................................ 169

TABLE AM1: LEGAL STATUS OF FOREIGN INMATES IN THE COUNTRIES WHERE THEY ARE INCARCERATED ON 1ST

SEPTEMBER 2013 (NUMBERS) ...................................................................................................................... 171

TABLE AM2: JUDICIAL STATUS IN CUSTODY OF FOREIGN INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (NUMBERS) ............ 175

TABLE AM3: JUDICIAL STATUS IN CUSTODY OF FOREIGN INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (PERCENTAGES) ..... 176

TABLE AM4: TYPES OF MAIN OFFENCES OF FOREIGN INMATES (PRE-TRIAL AND SENTENCED) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER

2013 (NUMBERS) ......................................................................................................................................... 179

TABLE AM5: TYPES OF MAIN OFFENCES OF FOREIGN INMATES (PRE-TRIAL AND SENTENCED) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER

2013 (PERCENTAGES) .................................................................................................................................. 180

TABLE AM6: TYPES OF MAIN OFFENCES OF FOREIGN SENTECED INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (NUMBERS) .. 181

TABLE AM7: TYPES OF MAIN OFFENCES OF FOREIGN SENTECED INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 (PERCENTAGES)

................................................................................................................................................................... 182

MAP AM1: PERCENTAGE OF FOREIGN INMATES IN THE TOTAL PRISON POPULATION ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 ..... 184

TABLE AM8: FLOW OF ENTRIES OF FOREIGN INMATES TO PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012 .................................... 185

TABLE AM9: FLOW OF RELEASES OF FOREIGN INMATES FROM PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012............................. 187

TABLE AM10: PLACES WHERE FOREIGN INMATES WERE RELEASED FROM PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2012............ 188

Documents

C ouncil of Europe Annua Statisticswp.unil.ch/space/files/2015/02/SPACE-I-2013-English.pdfTable 2.2.a: Minors and persons between 18 and 21 of age on 1st September 2013 _____79 4 Council