(c) I - env · « & 4 NLI '5Ã 4 Çª¯5 F å hMaII.4.3(2)-ac maII.4.3(2)-ag4 Å$ ¸¦ ·46 1 `C 3 Çª¯M Å") '[ u61 - n å ² ¬ å 'J4 è à å n å 5 Z13,)(aII.4.3(2)-ac aII.4.3(2)-ad)

90

(c) I

(2011 ) a II.4.3(2)-aa a II.4.3(2)-ac

1990 2010 1

1 9 (a II.4.3(2)-aa

a II.4.3(2)-ab) 1 1

25-30%

1990 10 1 2010 15 (a II.4.3(2)-ac)

a II.4.3(2)-aa 1 - I ( )

a II.4.3(2)-ab 1 - I ( )

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

91

a II.4.3(2)-ac 1 - I ( )

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

92

a II.4.3(2)-ac a II.4.3(2)-ag

1

1

(a II.4.3(2)-ac a II.4.3(2)-ad)

40 30% (a II.4.3(2)-ae)

(a II.4.3(2)-ag)

a II.4.3(2)-ad 1 - I ( )( )

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

93

a II.4.3(2)-ae 1 - I ( )( )

a II.4.3(2)-af 1 - I ( )( )

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

94

a II.4.3(2)-ag 1 - I ( )( )

0 2000 4000 6000 8000

, , , , ,

, ,

, ,

,

( )

, ( )

( )

( ) ( )

, ,

2010 2005 2000 1995 1990

95

a II.4.3(2)-ah a II.4.3(2)-ak

1995 2005 2008

2009

(a II.4.3(2)-ah a II.4.3(2)-ai) 1

6 10 9

2009

(a ())

a II.4.3(2)-ah 1 - I ( )( )

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

96

a II.4.3(2)-ai 1 - I ( )( )

a II.4.3(2)-aj 1 - I ( )( )

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

97

a II.4.3(2)-ak 1 - I ( )( )

0 1000 2000 3000

( )

, 95%

(TDI)

(MDI)

HDPE

( ) ( )

AC

( )

LPG

( ) (

2010 2000 2000 1995 1990

98

a II.4.3(2)-al a II.4.3(2)-ao

1995 2000 2008

aa

(a II.4.3(2)-al a II.4.3(2)-an) ( 70%

) 1 2000 ( 20% ) 1995

a (

1

1

1

a II.4.3(2)-al 1 - I ( )( )

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

99

a II.4.3(2)-am 1 - I ( )( )

a II.4.3(2)-an 1 - I ( )( )

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

100

a II.4.3(2)-ao 1 - I ( )( )

� �

0 5000 10000 15000 20000

, ( )

( )

( )

, ( )

( )

2010 2005 2000 1995 1990

101

a II.4.3(2)-ap a II.4.3(2)-as

1 9

(a II.4.3(2)-ap a II.4.3(2)-ar)

1

60%

(a II.4.3(2)-as)

9

a II.4.3(2)-ap 1 - I ( )( )

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

102

a II.4.3(2)-aq 1 - I ( )( )

a II.4.3(2)-ar 1 - I ( )( )

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

103

a II.4.3(2)-as 1 - I ( )( )

0 5000 10000 15000

( ) ( )

, 97%

( )

2010 2005 2000 1995 1990

104

(3) . 3 2

( 2012)

II.4.3(3)

1 1

IDEAversion2

IDEAversion2 CO2

2010 ( 2012) 1

II.4.3(3) (GHG)

GHG (2010 )

( 2012)

GHG

(2010 )

IDEAversion2

GHG

CO2( ) 1,192 535 1366

CH4( ) 971 722 927

N2O( ) 71 33 54

105

(4)

4.3(2)

(Eco-Efficiency EE)

!! = !!! =

!!!"!

V (value added)( ) EI (Environmental Impact EI)( ) 1

a II.4.3(4)-a

4 9

1990 2000

1900 2005

100%

1

a II.4.3(4)-a 4 ( )

a II.4.3(4)-b

9

a II.4.3(2)-f

a II.4.3(2)-ae 9

1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

/

106

a II.4.3(4)-b 4 ( )( )

a II.4.3(4)-c

1990 2005

aa 1 (a II.4.3(2)-k) 1995 2005

2005 (a II.4.3(2)-ah)

9

1990 2000

1990 2005

a II.4.3(4)-c 4 ( )( )

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

/

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

/

107

a II.4.3(4)-d

1990 2000

aa 1 (a II.4.3(2)-p) 1990 (a

II.4.3(2)-al) 9

( )

9

a II.4.3(4)-d 4 ( )( )

a II.4.3(4)-e

1990 2000

9

1 1

2005

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

/

108

a II.4.3(4)-e 4 ( )( )

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

/

109

4.4 (1) k2

4.3(4) 1990 2010

(EE) 1!! =

!!"!!!"!

= !!!!× !!!!"!!

!!"! !!"! !! i !! i

1

1 !! !! (= α ) i 1 9

9

2 !! !!"! (= ! ) i 1

9 9

y1 y2 2

!!effect !!effect 1 ( i ) 2 (

i ) 1

∆ 1!! =

1!!!!

− 1!!!!

= !"##"$% + !"##"$%

complete decomposition model(Sun 1998) y1 y2

! effect ! effect

!"##"$% = ∆!" + ∆!∆!2

!"##"$% = !∆! + ∆!∆!2

∆! ∆! = !y2 – !y1 ! 1

110

(2) a II.4.4(2)-a (1990 1995 2000 2005 ) (1995 2000 2005 2010 )

2 1

2000 !effect( i )

9 2000 ! effect( i ) 2005-2010

! effect( i )

9

2005-2010 ! effect( i ) 2005

2010 9 2005-2010

! effect( i )

9

2005-2010 ! effect( i

) 2005

9 1990

(! effect) (!effect)

2000 (! effect)

9

(!effect)

2000-2005

1990-1995 9 1995-2000

2005-2010 9

! effect( i ) (a II.4.4(2)-b)

1995-2000

1990 1990

2000 1 1990-1995 9

2005-2010

!effect( i )

(a II.4.4(2)-c)

1

a 9 1990

111

a II.4.4(2)-a 4 4 .

a II.4.4(2)-b 4 4 . α ( )

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

1990-1995 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010

/

αeffect(ei/vi) βeffect(vi/vtot) Net effect

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

1990-1995 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010

/

Net effect

-0.020

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

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1990-1995 αeffect 1995-2000 αeffect 2000-2005 αeffect 2005-2010 αeffect

112

a II.4.4(2)-c 4 4 . β ( )

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-0.005

0.000

0.005

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1

2016 (1) 3

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114

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EC (2010a) ELCD core database version II. May 2010. http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lcainfohub/datasetArea.vm

EC (2010b) ILCD Handbook – General guide for Life Cycle Assessment – detailed guidance. European Commission, Joint Research

Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability

EC (2012) Life cycle indicators framework: development of life cycle based macro-level monitoring indicators for resources, products

and waste for the EU-27. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability

Sun, J. W. (1998) Changes in energy consumption and energy intensity: A complete decomposition model. Energy Economics, 20,

pp.58-100

van der Voet, E., L. van Oers, and I. Nikolic (2003) Dematerialization: Not just a matter of weight, CML report 160, Leiden University

van der Voet, E., L. van Oers, and I. Nikolic (2004) Dematerialization: Not just a matter of weight, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 8(4),

pp.121-137

WRI and WBCSD (2011) Corporate Value Chain (Scope3) Accounting and Reporting Standard

�óĭĊ�ǊȁŎ (2014) LIME2ĶĲƁċMŋň$IƪüĨɘȖªĻƄ�ƬŮƪüǕƩÍ�

ƪüƼ (2012) 2010ğġ(ĞĹ22ğġ)5ƌčÈŨWał¿ɂ(Ǆċ )̄

ƪüƼ�ǤƊƬŮƼ (2015) ^u�QgS��Mȴ#)ƌčÈŨWał¿ɂǔċ4Ɏ$I÷ŤWQl�Q�(ver 2.2)

ƬŮļȄǫÞǁǍĺ�ƬŮƪüǕƩÍ� (2017) LCIj�ev�a IDEA version 2

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(c) I - env · « & 4 NLI '5Ã 4 Çª¯5 F å hMaII.4.3(2)-ac maII.4.3(2)-ag4 Å$ ¸¦ ·46 1 `C 3 Çª¯M Å") '[ u61 - n å ² ¬ å 'J4 è à å n å 5 Z13,)(aII.4.3(2)-ac aII.4.3(2)-ad)