Catalyst: Week 32 Class 2 (I’m back!! And I missed you all )

1. Puberty always begins with the production of the hormone called ___________________________ in the pituitary gland.

2. What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?

3. What is another name for autotroph?

4. What is a herbivore? Give an example.5. What is an carnivore? Give an example.6. What is an omnivore? Give an example.

Does Our Food System Need Fixing?

Let’sbreak down

how energy flows inan ecosystem…

Autotroph:• Organism able to make its own food using the sun’s energy• Aka. Producers or Plants

Heterotroph:• Organism that must eat other organisms for food• Aka. Consumer

4 main kinds of heterotrophs:1. Herbivorecan only eat plantsEx. rabbits

2. Carnivore:can only eat meatEx. snakes

3. Omnivore:can eat plants and meatEx. Bears, pigs, crows

4. Decomposer:• Breaks down (or rots) dead plants and animals• Return nutrients back to soilEx. Bacteria and fungi

What type of consumer is a human?Your friend is a vegetarian. What type of consumer is he?Food web:• Shows the flow of energy from one organism to the next.• Arrows show the direction of energy flow.How would the arrows point in this example?Label each as a consumer or producer.Label each consumer as a carnivore or a herbivore.

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Prairie and Marine Food Webs

1. Draw arrows (if they are not there).2. Identify the sun.3. Identify all the plants.4. Identify all the herbivores.5. Identify all the carnivores.6. Identify any omnivores (you may have to

revise some of your answers).

A B C

D E

F G H

A B C

D E

F G H1. Sun?2. Producers?3. Herbivores?4. Carnivores?5. Omnivores?

Use the food web below and identify each of the following:

A B C

D E

F G H1. Sun?2. Producers?3. Herbivores?4. Carnivores?5. Omnivores?

Use the food web below and identify each of the following:

A B C

D E

F G H1. Sun?2. Producers?3. Herbivores?4. Carnivores?5. Omnivores?

Use the food web below and identify each of the following:

A

E F

H I

B

J K

G

C D

Energy Pyramids &Organism Interactions

There are 5 ways organisms interact in the environment1. Predation:•One organism (the predator) kills and eats another organism (the prey).•Ex. A bobcat kills and eats a rabbit.

Bobcat: gets food. Rabbit: killed and eaten

2. Competition:•Organisms fight or struggle to use the same resource•Ex. Male elephants competing for females.

Elephants: use energy, get harmed

3. Mutualism: •both species benefit•Ex. Bees visit flowers to get food, and as they do they carry pollen from one flower to the next, pollinating it.

Bee: gets food (nectar)Flower: gets pollinated

4. Commensalism: •one organism benefits, the other is not affected•Ex. Barnacle (like an oyster) lives on the skin of whale. Barnacles eat tiny particles of food found in the water.

Barnacle: gets foodWhale: not affected

5. Parasitism: •one organism (the parasite) lives on or inside another (the host) and harms it, but does not kill it immediately•Ex. Fleas live on dogs and suck the dog’s blood.

Flea: gets food (blood)Dog: gets harmed (loses blood)

These two grizzly bears are fighting each other for the right to fish salmon on this part of the stream. These fights can get violent, but very rarely are they deadly. Usually, the stronger bear will protect the territory, and the weaker bear will have to find another place to fish.

In a rainforest, there are so many plants that sometimes plants often have to grow over other plants to get light. To survive in this environment, this banana tree must grow taller than some other plants and spread its large leaves to get more sunlight.

This frog uses its good eyesight and long tongue to catch the cricket. The cricket will provide the frog with energy.

Catalyst: Week 32 Class 21. From where do producers get their energy?2. From where do herbivores get their energy?3. COPY the food web below.4. Label the OES.5. Label the producer(s).6. Label the herbivore(s).7. Label the carnivore(s).8. Label the omnivore(s).

A GE

B D

C F

Food Web Mini QuizVersion A Version B Version C Version D

Sun X F D IProducers YUT EIJ BGI GLMHerbivores ZWRN DGLN AEKM FJQSCarnivores S K J NOmnivores VQ HM FL KR

Agenda

1. Catalyst2. Around the World: Interactions3. Entrance Quiz4. Trade n’ Grade5. CST Review6. Bo(d)y Meets World: Project Work Time7. Inside the Living Body

Inside the Living Body

• 15 new things you learned about the body• 5 things you already have• 3 questions you have

Trophic Level:A step in a food chain.Only includes organisms, not the sun!How many trophic levels are in the food chain below?

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Energy Pyramids:Show the amount of energy available in each trophic level.

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Basics of the Nervous System

Main function:To control body functions and respond to the environment

Main parts:• Brain• Spinal cord• Nerves• Sensory organs

• Sight, hear, smell, taste, touch

Neuron:•Aka Nerve cell•carries and passes on impulses

Impulse:•Small electrical signal

Types of neurons:1. Sensory neuron: • Impulse goes FROM sensory

organ (ex. eyes, ears, skin) TO brain

Pathway from sensory neuron in the finger to the brain

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2 31

2. Motor neuron:• Impulse goes FROM brain

TO muscles

What’s Happening in the in Ocean?

Let’s see how our environment can affect our

nervous system…

Alfred Hitchcock’s The Birds

• The Birds• In 1961 gulls and shearwaters demonstrated

frenzied behavior like this in a Northern California town.

• This real-life event was the inspiration for the Hitchcock movie “The Birds.”

• Scientists now suspect that Domoic acid poisoning was the cause of this attack…

So what’s Domoic acid?! Sounds scary…

Domoic Acid:•A nerve toxin produced by a naturally occurring Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB).

What’s algae? Isn’t algae good?•Most species of algae are not harmful and serve as energy producers at the base of the food web.

What else produces nerve toxins?

Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB):•Harmful Algae are microscopic single-celled plants that live in the sea.•They are “harmful” because they produce very strong neuro-poisons.

How does Domoic Acid enter the marine food web?•Phytoplanton (algae) are responsible for converting inorganic molecules into more complex nutrients•These microscopic organisms provide food for the larger organisms higher in the food web such as fish and mammals

A B

D E

C

Harmful Algae Blooms (cont.):•In HABs, toxic compounds can enter the food web and accumulate in fish and shellfish

Biomagnification: •When higher concentrations of a chemical (like a pesticide or toxin) in an ecosystem occur in organisms higher up the food chain. •This usually occurs through a series of predator-prey relationships.