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By the 1830s, there were two By the 1830s, there were two schools of painting (especially in schools of painting (especially in France):France):
• The Neoclassical School (Jean-The Neoclassical School (Jean-Louis David)Louis David)• The Romantics (Delacroix)The Romantics (Delacroix)
Painters often swapped elements of Painters often swapped elements of each school (a neoclassical idea each school (a neoclassical idea painted in a romantic way or vice painted in a romantic way or vice versa).versa).
Background of the Romantic Art Background of the Romantic Art MovementMovement
The French Neoclassicists
The French Neoclassicists
Jacques-Louis DavidJacques-Louis David
Antoine-Jean GrosAntoine-Jean Gros
• Virtual dictator of European Virtual dictator of European painting from 1800-1820.painting from 1800-1820.• No matter how No matter how revolutionary the subject, revolutionary the subject, used used traditional, neoclassicaltraditional, neoclassical techniques.techniques.• Stressed line, form, Stressed line, form, perspective.perspective.
Jacques-Louis David Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748-1825)(French, 1748-1825)
DavidDavid
Napoleon Napoleon Crossing Saint Crossing Saint BernardBernard
David - David - Coronation of Coronation of NapoleonNapoleon
David - David - The Tennis Court The Tennis Court OathOath
DavidDavid
Death of Death of MaratMarat
David; David; Death of Death of SocratesSocrates
• Moved away from the ideas of his Moved away from the ideas of his teacher, Jacques-Louis David.teacher, Jacques-Louis David.• Followed the more emotional style Followed the more emotional style of Flemish Baroque painter Peter of Flemish Baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens.Paul Rubens.• Still Neoclassical at heart.Still Neoclassical at heart.• Series of battle paintings glorifying Series of battle paintings glorifying Napoleon.Napoleon.
Antoine-Jean Gros Antoine-Jean Gros (French, 1791-1824)(French, 1791-1824)
GrosGros
Napoleon at Napoleon at Arcole Bridge, Arcole Bridge, Nov. 17, 1796Nov. 17, 1796
The Spirit of the Age (1790-1850)The Spirit of the Age (1790-1850)
A sense of a shared vision among the Romantics.
Early support of the French Revolution.
Rise of the individual alienation.
Dehumanization of industrialization.
Radical poetics / politics – an obsessionwith violent change.
A sense of a shared vision among the Romantics.
Early support of the French Revolution.
Rise of the individual alienation.
Dehumanization of industrialization.
Radical poetics / politics – an obsessionwith violent change.
Characteristics of RomanticismCharacteristics of Romanticism
1.The Engaged & Enraged ArtistØ The artist apart from society.
Ø The artist as social critic/revolutionary.
Ø The artist as genius.
1.The Engaged & Enraged ArtistØ The artist apart from society.
Ø The artist as social critic/revolutionary.
Ø The artist as genius.
Characteristics of RomanticismCharacteristics of Romanticism
2.Glorification of Nature:Ø Peaceful, restorative
qualities [an escape from industrialization and the dehumanization it creates].
Ø Awesome, powerful, horrifying aspects of nature.
§ Indifferent to the fate of humans.
§ Overwhelming power of nature.
2.Glorification of Nature:Ø Peaceful, restorative
qualities [an escape from industrialization and the dehumanization it creates].
Ø Awesome, powerful, horrifying aspects of nature.
§ Indifferent to the fate of humans.
§ Overwhelming power of nature.
Characteristics of RomanticismCharacteristics of Romanticism
3.The Supernatural:Ø Ghosts, fairies, witches,
demons.
Ø The shadows of the mind—dreams & madness.
Ø A reaction to rationalism [an escape from reason!]
3.The Supernatural:Ø Ghosts, fairies, witches,
demons.
Ø The shadows of the mind—dreams & madness.
Ø A reaction to rationalism [an escape from reason!]
Characteristics of RomanticismCharacteristics of Romanticism
4.Exoticism:Ø The sexy “other.”
Ø A sense of escape from reality.
Ø A psychological/moral justification of imperialism?
5.Revival of Past Styles:Ø Gothic & Romanesque
revival.
4.Exoticism:Ø The sexy “other.”
Ø A sense of escape from reality.
Ø A psychological/moral justification of imperialism?
5.Revival of Past Styles:Ø Gothic & Romanesque
revival.
TheEnlightenment
TheEnlightenment
Society is good, curbing violent impulses!
Society is good, curbing violent impulses!
Civilization corrupts;institutions have rippling effects!
Civilization corrupts;institutions have rippling effects!
RomanticismRomanticismEarly19c
Lady Macbeth - Henry Fuseli, 1794Lady Macbeth - Henry Fuseli, 1794
Wandering Above the Sea
of Fog
Caspar David Friedrich,
1818
Wandering Above the Sea
of Fog
Caspar David Friedrich,
1818
The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835
The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835
Solitary Tree Caspar David Friedrich, 1823
Solitary Tree Caspar David Friedrich, 1823
An Avalanche in the AlpsPhilip James de Loutherbourg, 1803
An Avalanche in the AlpsPhilip James de Loutherbourg, 1803
Sunset After a Storm On the Coast of Sicily – Andreas Achenbach, 1853
Sunset After a Storm On the Coast of Sicily – Andreas Achenbach, 1853
The DelugeFrancis Danby, 1840
The DelugeFrancis Danby, 1840
Tree of CrowsCaspar David Friedrich, 1822
Tree of CrowsCaspar David Friedrich, 1822
The Wreck of the Hope (aka The Sea of Ice)Caspar David Friedrich, 1821
The Wreck of the Hope (aka The Sea of Ice)Caspar David Friedrich, 1821
Shipwreck – Joseph Turner, 1805Shipwreck – Joseph Turner, 1805
The Raft of the MedusaThéodore Géricault, 1819The Raft of the MedusaThéodore Géricault, 1819
The Eruption of Vesuvius - John MartinThe Eruption of Vesuvius - John Martin
Isaac Newton – William Blake, 1795Isaac Newton – William Blake, 1795
Rain, Steam, and SpeedJoseph Mallord William Turner, 1844
Rain, Steam, and SpeedJoseph Mallord William Turner, 1844
Rain, Steam, &
Speed
(details)
Rain, Steam, &
Speed
(details)
The Slave ShipJoseph Mallord William Turner, 1842
The Slave ShipJoseph Mallord William Turner, 1842
The Slave Ship
(details)
The Slave Ship
(details)
Man and Woman Contemplating the MoonGaspar David Friedrich, 1825
Man and Woman Contemplating the MoonGaspar David Friedrich, 1825
Moonrise by the SeaGaspar David Friedrich, 1821
Moonrise by the SeaGaspar David Friedrich, 1821
Flatford Mill – John Constable, 1817Flatford Mill – John Constable, 1817
The Corn Field
John Constable,1826
The Corn Field
John Constable,1826
The Hay Wain - John Constable, 1821The Hay Wain - John Constable, 1821
Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop’s GroundJohn Constable, 1825
Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop’s GroundJohn Constable, 1825
Salisbury Cathedral from the MeadowsJohn Constable, 1831
Salisbury Cathedral from the MeadowsJohn Constable, 1831
Hadleigh Castle - John Constable, 1829Hadleigh Castle - John Constable, 1829
Eldena RuinCaspar David Friedrich, 1825
Eldena RuinCaspar David Friedrich, 1825
Winter Landscape with ChurchGaspar David Friedrich, 1811
Winter Landscape with ChurchGaspar David Friedrich, 1811
British Houses of Parliament1840-1865
British Houses of Parliament1840-1865
Cloister Cemetery in the SnowCaspar David Friedrich, 1817-1819Cloister Cemetery in the Snow
Caspar David Friedrich, 1817-1819
Abbey in an Oak ForestCaspar David Friedrich, 1809-1810
Abbey in an Oak ForestCaspar David Friedrich, 1809-1810
Mad Woman With a Mania
of Envy
TheodoreGericault, 1822-1823
Mad Woman With a Mania
of Envy
TheodoreGericault, 1822-1823
Pity - William Blake, 1795Pity - William Blake, 1795
The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed
with the Sun
William Blake, 1808-1810
The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed
with the Sun
William Blake, 1808-1810
Stonehenge - John Constable, 1836Stonehenge - John Constable, 1836
Nightmare (The Incubus)Henry Fuseli, 1781
Nightmare (The Incubus)Henry Fuseli, 1781
Manfred and the Witch of the AlpsJohn Martin - 1837
Manfred and the Witch of the AlpsJohn Martin - 1837
Witches Sabbath
Francisco Goya,1798
Witches Sabbath
Francisco Goya,1798
Procession of Flagellants on Good FridayFrancisco Goya, 1793
Procession of Flagellants on Good FridayFrancisco Goya, 1793
Saturn DevoursHis Son
Francisco Goya,1819-1823
Saturn DevoursHis Son
Francisco Goya,1819-1823
Greece on the Ruins of
Missolonghi
Eugène Delacroix, 1827
Greece on the Ruins of
Missolonghi
Eugène Delacroix, 1827
Liberty Leading the People Eugène Delacroix, 1830
Liberty Leading the People Eugène Delacroix, 1830
Detail of theMusket Bearer
Delacroix, himself
Detail of theMusket Bearer
Delacroix, himself
The Burning of Parliament (1)Joseph Turner, 1834-1835
The Burning of Parliament (1)Joseph Turner, 1834-1835
The Rise of the Cartheginian EmpireJoseph Turner, 1815
The Rise of the Cartheginian EmpireJoseph Turner, 1815
His Majesty’s Ship, “Victory”(Trafalgar) - John Constable, 1806His Majesty’s Ship, “Victory”
(Trafalgar) - John Constable, 1806
An Officer of the Imperial Horse
Guard
Théodore Géricault, 1814
An Officer of the Imperial Horse
Guard
Théodore Géricault, 1814
Napoleonat the
St. BernardPass
David,1803
Napoleonat the
St. BernardPass
David,1803
The Shooting of May 3, 1808Francisco Goya, 1815
The Shooting of May 3, 1808Francisco Goya, 1815
Pandemonium - John Martin, 1841Pandemonium - John Martin, 1841
Grand Canal, VeniceJoseph Mallord William Turner, 1835
Grand Canal, VeniceJoseph Mallord William Turner, 1835
Massacre of Chios - Eugène Delacroix, 1824Massacre of Chios - Eugène Delacroix, 1824
The Fanatics of TangiersEugène Delacroix, 1837-1838The Fanatics of Tangiers
Eugène Delacroix, 1837-1838
The Sultan of Morocco and His Entourage
Eugène Delacroix, 1845
The Sultan of Morocco and His Entourage
Eugène Delacroix, 1845
Women of Algiers in Their ApartmentEugène Delacroix, 1834
Women of Algiers in Their ApartmentEugène Delacroix, 1834
The Turkish BathJean Auguste Ingres, 1852-1863
The Turkish BathJean Auguste Ingres, 1852-1863
The Bullfight - Francisco GoyaThe Bullfight - Francisco Goya
Charge of the Mamelukes, May 2nd, 1808Francisco Goya, 1814
Charge of the Mamelukes, May 2nd, 1808Francisco Goya, 1814
The Royal Pavillion at BrightonJohn Nash, 1815-1823
The Royal Pavillion at BrightonJohn Nash, 1815-1823
God as the Architect - William Blake, 1794
God as the Architect - William Blake, 1794
Elohim Creating AbrahamWilliam Blake, 1805
Elohim Creating AbrahamWilliam Blake, 1805
Body of Abel Found by Adam and EveWilliam Blake, 1825
Body of Abel Found by Adam and EveWilliam Blake, 1825
Faust and MephistophelesEugène Delacroix, 1826-1827Faust and MephistophelesEugène Delacroix, 1826-1827
The Seventh Plague of EgyptJohn Martin, 1823
The Seventh Plague of EgyptJohn Martin, 1823
The Cathedral
Gaspar DavidFriedrich,
1818
The Cathedral
Gaspar DavidFriedrich,
1818
The Cathedral(details)
Gaspar DavidFriedrich,
1818
The Cathedral(details)
Gaspar DavidFriedrich,
1818
The Great Age of the NovelThe Great Age of the Novel Gothic Novel: Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte
Historical Novel: Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott Les Miserables - Victor Hugo The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas
Gothic Novel: Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte
Historical Novel: Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott Les Miserables - Victor Hugo The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas
The Great Age of the NovelThe Great Age of the Novel
Science Fiction Novel: Frankenstein - Mary Shelley Dracula – Bramm Stoker
Novel of Purpose: The Road to Ruin - Thomas Holcroft
Science Fiction Novel: Frankenstein - Mary Shelley Dracula – Bramm Stoker
Novel of Purpose: The Road to Ruin - Thomas Holcroft
Other Romantic WritersOther Romantic Writers
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Grimm’s Fairy Tales
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Grimm’s Fairy Tales
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Faust Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Faust
The Romantic PoetsThe Romantic Poets Percy Byssche Shelley
Lord Byron (George Gordon)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
William Wordsworth
John Keats
William Blake
Percy Byssche Shelley
Lord Byron (George Gordon)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
William Wordsworth
John Keats
William Blake
George Gordon’s
(Lord Byron)Poem
ThePrisoner
of Chillon
George Gordon’s
(Lord Byron)Poem
ThePrisoner
of Chillon
MaryShelley
Frankenstein
MaryShelley
Frankenstein
SirWalterScott
Ivanhoe
SirWalterScott
Ivanhoe
WilliamWordsworth’s
Poem,
TinternAbbey
WilliamWordsworth’s
Poem,
TinternAbbey
SamuelTaylor
Coleridge’sPoem,
The Rimeof the
AncientMariner
SamuelTaylor
Coleridge’sPoem,
The Rimeof the
AncientMariner
Bibliographic SourcesBibliographic Sources
CGFA: A Virtual Art MuseumCGFA: A Virtual Art Museum.. http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/fineart.htm
“ “Romanticism” on Romanticism” on ArtchiveArtchive.. http://artchive.com/artchive/romanticism.html
CGFA: A Virtual Art MuseumCGFA: A Virtual Art Museum.. http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/fineart.htm
“ “Romanticism” on Romanticism” on ArtchiveArtchive.. http://artchive.com/artchive/romanticism.html
