By: Mary Waldman, Reed Clements, Kayla Rankins, Caroline Scott, and Paige Dilday

Rise of StalinBy: Reed Clements

Rise of StalinProcess,characteristics,

personality, tactics(secret police, indocrtination, propaganda,

censorship, religion, persecution, great purge, labor camps)

Personality & Background• Cold, hard and impersonal• A lonely man (married twice,

one died, one killed herself)• A fierce debater, and clever

speaker• In his early days as a Bolshevik,

he changed his name to Stalin, meaning “man of steel”

• As a teen, he attended the theological seminary, and prepared for the ministry

Personality & Background cont.

• Was apart of the underground revolutionary Marxist movement in Tpilisi, Georgia; devoted to the views of Karl Marx

• 1902- he was arrested, imprisoned, and exiled to Siberia

• The secret police arrested him several times, but he escaped

Rise • Before Lenin, Stalin was the

senior Bolshevik, and editor of Pravda, the party newspaper

• After Lenin’s return, Stalin remained in the high council, but had a small role

• he rose to the highest ranks, becoming a member of both the Political Bureau and the Organizational Bureau

Rise cont.• The strength of Stalin's position in the government and

in the party gave him control over party personnel administration

• After Lenin’s death Stalin served as a member of the three-man committee that ran the affairs of the party and the country

• Stalin wanted to stay true to the ideas of the revolution• 1927- Stalin succeeded in defeating the entire

opposition • By the early 1930’s, Stalin gained total control over the

party, state, and the entire Communist International.

secret police

• Stalin built a police state to maintain power

• They monitored telephone lines, read mail, & planted informers everywhere

• Children told authorities about remarks from home

• The secret police arrested and executed millions of “traitors”

great purge• A campaign of terror directed at

eliminating anyone who threatened his power

• Thousands of Bolsheviks who helped stage the revolutions stood trial

• They where executed or sent to labor camps for “crimes against the Soviet state”

• When the Great Purge ended, Stalin had gained control of the Soviet Government and Communist Party

labor camps• Housed convicts, petty criminals, and political

prisoners• Major instrument of political repression• In 1940, there were 53 separate camps and

423 labor colonies in the USSR

Labor Camps cont.

• “Gulag”- Chief Administration of Corrective Labour Camps and Colonies, in Russian Glavnoye Upravlyeniye ispravityel'no-trudovih lagyeryey i koloniy

Kill Tally• Approximately 20 million killed• Up to 14.5 million starved to death• 1 million executed for political “offences”• 9.5 million deported, exiled or imprisoned in

work camps

Kill Tally

• Estimated five million sent to the ‘Gulag Archipelago’ who never returned

• The total coming out at 28 million deported including 18 million sent to ‘Gulag’

Indoctrination• An instruction of the

governments beliefs• Control of education from

nursery through universities• Learning of communist

virtues• Professors or students who

questioned the communist’s interpretations lost jobs, or where imprisoned

Indoctrination cont.

• Leaders in the Soviet Union lectured workers and peasants

• Stressed importance of hard work and sacrifice

Propaganda and Censorship

• Stalin’s government controlled all newspapers, motion pictures, radio, and other information sources

• Many Soviet writers, composers and other artists fell victim to official censorship

• Stalin would not tolerate individual creativity

Propaganda and censorship cont.

• Soviet newspapers and radio broadcasts to glorify the achievements of communism & Stalin

• Under Stalin, the arts where used for propaganda

Religion and Persecution • Communists aimed to

replace religious teachings with the ideals of communism

• Stalin, and the League of the Militant Godless, and un official sponsored group of atheists, spread propaganda attacking religion

Religion and Persecution cont.

• Many people still clung to their faiths• The Russian Orthodox Church was the main

target of persecution• Achieving the perfect communist state came

at the cost of the Soviet citizens• Stalin’s total control eliminated personal rights

and freedoms

Characteristics of Totalitarianism

By: Mary Waldman

Characteristics of Totalitarianism

A form of government in which the national

government takes control of all aspects of

both the public and private life

State control of Individuals

Demands Loyalty Denies basic liberties Expects personal sacrifice for the good of the state

Methods of Enforcement

Police Terror IndoctrinationCensorship Persecution

Modern Technology

Mass communication to spread propaganda Advanced Military weapons

State Control of Society

Business Labor Housing Education Religion The arts Personal life Youth Groups

Dictator ship and One-Party Rule

Exercises absolute authority Dominates the Government

Dynamic Leader Unites people Symbolizes government Encourages popular support through force of will

Ideology Sets goals of the state Glorifies aims of the stateJustifies government actions

Stalin’s Economic Plans

By: Caroline Scott

Stalin’s Economic Plans

While Stalin was gaining control of society, he also started to put his plans in motion to repair

the economy. “We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced

countries. We must make good this distance in ten years.”-Joseph Stalin

Command Economy• 1928- Stalin calls for a

command economy.• A command economy is a

system in which the government made all economic decisions.

• Political leaders in the State Planning Commission would determine the economic needs and decide how to accomplish them.

• These leaders would then issue instructions or commands to the factories farms or businesses

Five-Year Plan• The Five-Year Plans

were set targets or goals that the industry or agriculture had to achieve.

• These plans set impossibly high quotas to increase the out put of production on things like coal and steel.

• However to reach these goals the government had to limit the production of consumer goods, which caused shortages on housing, clothes and food.

Five-Year Plans

• Since most of the targets fell short, another Five-Year Plan was launched in 1933 which was just as successful as the first.

• Due to these plans the steel production increased 25% from 1928 to 1937.

Collective Farms• In 1928, the government

began to take over 25 million privately owned farms in the USSR.

• The farms were then combined into large government owned farms.

• Collectives were families that worked on the farms produced food for the state.

• The government believed that the modern machinery would reduce the need for workers and boost the production of food.

Collective Farms: Resistance

• Resistance was strong among many groups but most off all in the kulaks (meaning fist in Russian), a wealthy peasant class.

• Unfortunately the Soviet government decided to eliminate the resistance problems by either execution, exile, cutting off supplies to peasants, or sending people to forced labor camps.

• Peasants actively fought the government for taking their land.

Collective Farms: Resistance

• The Soviet secret police would herd people on to the farms at the point of a bayonet.

• 5-10 million people died as a result of the agricultural revolution.

• In 1938 more than 90% of peasants lived on collective farms.

Daily Life under Stalin

By: Kayla Rankins

Towns/ Cities Under Stalin

• Everyone no matter who or where they were knew that Stalin was the leader

• walls, hoardings, whole buildings were covered with huge portraits of his face.

• Every shop window displayed his bus

• offices, factories and even in private homes, 'red corners' containing busts of Lenin and Stalin were set up

Towns/ Cities Under Stalin Continued……

• Towns and cities, rivers and canals, schools and hospitals, mountains and lakes, were named after him.

• Towns and cities, rivers and canals, schools and hospitals, mountains and lakes, were named after him.

• Films, plays, poems, stories and novels celebrated every detail of his life.

Living Conditions

• Generally living standards rose in the 1930’s

• Health care expanded • Housing remained a

great problem• Only about 6% of houses

had more than one room• It was not unusual for

houses to be built without electrical socket even though electricity was available

Women Rights

• Women's roles greatly expanded under the rule of Stalin

• women now had the same rights as me

• Universal access to quality education and health care

Religion• Church leaders were arrested

and churches physically shut down

• Worship of Stalin was encouraged but religious worship was strongly discouraged

• Christian churches and 25,000 mosques were closed down and converted into clubs, cinemas, schools, and warehouses

• Church bells were removed and melted down as scrap metal

Free Time

• Leisure for the average Russian person was based around sports and fitness

• Exercising and being physically fit was highly encouraged

Culture

• The Communist Party kept a strict watch on the Soviet Union's creative artists.

• Its writers, painters, composers, etc were to make sure that they supported the Party and the government

• All writers had to belong to the Union of Soviet Writers, and members were expected to follow a policy of 'socialist realism' in their writings.

Education

• However, under Stalin's rule, school life and education became stricter once more.

• Report cards and test marks, which had been abolished in the 1920s, were reintroduced

• School uniforms were restored - including compulsory pigtails for girls.

German peace treaty• German foreign minister Joachim von

Ribbentrop arrived in Moscow in August 1939

• As the German attacks on Russia approached they waned to make sure they had the Russians on their sides. they offered the Balkin states and trade agreements

• On September 17 right before Poland surrendered to Hitler Russia attacked form the east

• On December 1939 Stalin assured hither the treaty was “cemented in blood”

• But even with this “treaty” Germany still attacked Russia in June 1941

• Resenting this Stalin still trusted Hitler and in the affect Hitler's onsight almost destroyed Stalin's regime

•  On December 1939 Stalin assured Hitler the treaty was “cemented in blood”

Hitler attacks Russia

• But even with this “treaty” Germany still attacked Russia in June 1941

• Resenting this Stalin still trusted Hitler but Hitler still almost destroyed Stalin's regime

• With in one week of the invasions 150,000 soviet soldiers were killed

• 1 million soldiers were drafted (soviet) to protect Kiev

Hitler attacks Russia Cont.

• BUT the city fell and 600,000 soldiers died

• By October over 3million soviet soldiers were prisoners of war

• To prevent soldiers from “running” Stalin arranged a special force called “ blocking detachments” to shoot all runners who tried to leave the battles

• Nazis ruled all the country's taken from the war

• Starvation was wide spread

Hitler attacks Russia Cont.• In spring of 1942 Hitler

launched the battle of Stalingrad

• More than 1,000 tons of bombs were dropped on the city but Stalin still would not evacuate the city

• The average life expectancy of a soldier in this battle was 24 hours or less

• Most did not have guns so fighting was hand to hand contact

• By the end of the siege one million soviet soldiers had died

Hitler attacks Russia Cont.• By the end of the siege one

million soviet soldiers had died

• In the spring of 1944 the soviet invasion of Germany was a possibility By Driving the Germans out of Russia.

• In the summer of 1944 Stalin's operation Bagratiob in Belorussa eliminated 3 times as many German army divisions then the allied powers did

• The final victory for the USSR came in 1945 when they raised their flag in Berlin

Multiple Choice

1. What happened to professors or students who questioned the communist interruptions?

A) BeheadedB) ImprisonedC) Thrown outD)All of the above

Multiple Choice Continued….

2. Who is the creator of the Five-Year Plan?

A) Mao ZedongB) Vladimir LeninC) Joseph StalinD)Paige Dilday

Multiple Choice Continued…

3. In what year did Germany invade Russia?A)1947B)1777C ) 1941D)1854

Multiple Choice Continued…

4. How many people died in the Battle of Stalingrad?

A)100 MillionB)500 ThousandC)30 and a halfD)1 Million

Multiple Choice Continued…

5. What year did Stalin call for a command economy?

A)1896B)1928C)1547D)2157

Short Answer

1. What is Totalitarianism?• Government control over every

aspect of public and private life

Short Answer

2. What effects did it have on Russia's citizens?

• They were limited to their freedom because everything was controlled by the government.

Short Answer

3. What was Religion like under Stalin's Rule?

• Churches and mosques were closed down and converted into clubs, cinemas, schools, and warehouses