By: FAASTeam Federal Aviation Administration Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)

By: FAASTeam

Federal AviationAdministrationLand and Hold

Short Operations

(LAHSO)

Federal AviationAdministration

2Land and Hold Short Operations

IMPLEMENTATION

On April 11, 1997, the FAA expanded and

replaced, Simultaneous Operations on

Intersecting Runways (SOIR) with LAHSO.

(Order 7110.118)

The LAHSO procedures presented in this

program became effective on August 14,

2000.



BACKGROUND

Notice sets standards for :

• LAHSO intersecting runway

• LAHSO intersecting taxiway

• LAHSO approach/departure flight path

• LAHSO of a pre-determined point



Purpose

Establishes air traffic control

procedures to increase airport

capacity without compromising

safety.



DEFINITIONS

Land and Hold Short Operations: The

practice of conducting simultaneous

operations on two intersecting runways,

LAHSO includes landing operations to hold

short of an intersecting runway, taxiway,

predetermined point, or an approach or

departure path. (LAHSO)



DEFINITIONS

Available Landing Distance: (ALD) That

portion of the runway available for

landing and rollout. The distance is

measured from the landing threshold to

the hold-short point.



DEFINITIONS

REQUIRED LANDING DISTANCE: The

FAA approved AFM/POH distance over

a 50 foot obstacle for the configuration,

environment, and weight plus 1000 feet.



DEFINITIONS

Dry Runway: A dry runway has no

visible moisture on the runway surface,

to include standing water, ice, snow,

slush, or frost in any form.



Definitions

Hold short point: A point on the

runway beyond which a landing aircraft

with a LAHSO clearance is not

authorized to proceed.



DEFINITIONS

Land and Hold Short Lights: Six or

seven in-pavement, pulsing white lights

at the LAHSO hold short point.



DEFINITIONS

Vertical Guidance

•Precision Approach Path Indicator

(PAPI)

•Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)



DEFINITIONS

Rejected Landing: A rejected landing is

when the pilot in command elects to go

around.



DEFINITIONS

Rejected Landing Procedure (RLP) A

published, predetermined heading to

be used in the event of a rejected

landing.



DEFINITIONS

Mixed Operations: LAHSO conducted

between an air carrier and any other

type of aircraft operation.



DEFINITIONS

Stabilized Approach Concept: This

concept is based on the pilots ability to

maintain a stable speed, descent rate,

vertical flight path, and aircraft

configuration during the final

approach.



GA SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

• Student pilots conducting solo operations

shall not participate in LAHSO.

• Experimental aircraft for which no

certificated landing data is available shall

not participate in LAHSO.



GA WEATHER MINIMUMS

• Only on dry runways

• Ceiling of no less than 1000 feet

• visibility of no less than 3 statute miles

• Not authorized if windshear has been

reported within the previous 20 minutes

• No LAHSO with a tailwind

• No inoperative equipment



PLANNING

• PREFLIGHT - PIC shall become familiar with

LAHSO information for each airport of

intended landing (14 CFR 91.103)

• INFLIGHT – PIC shall determine LAHSO

capability as soon as possible after

notification



PLANNING

• When ATIS is acknowledged, PIC will advise

ATC if LAHSO cannot be accepted.

• A LAHSO clearance shall not be accepted if

issued after the aircraft has descended

below 1000’ AGL on final.



PLANNING

• The PIC has the final authority to accept or decline any Land and Hold Short clearance. The safety and operation of the aircraft remain the responsibility of the pilot.

• The PIC is expected to decline a LAHSO clearance if he determines it will comprise safety.



ATIS NOTIFICATION

Possible announcements:

• LAHSO in effect, or

• Expect landing on Runway 22 to hold short

of Runway 27

• ALD for the LAHSO



REQUIRED LANDING DISTANCES

• The PIC is responsible for determining the required

distance for LAHSO and that it does not exceed the

ALD.

• The landing distance will be the FAA approved

AFM/POH landing distance over a 50’ obstacle, plus

1000 feet for the configuration, environment, and

actual weight.



MINIMUM DISTANCES

The minimum distance required to conduct

LAHSO will be 2,500 feet of the ALD on the

Hold short runway. The distance will be

measured from the landing threshold to the

hold short point.



VISUAL AIDS

• Runway hold short position markings shall be installed.

• Runway hold short position signs shall be installed at each point and located on both sides of the runway.

• During mixed operations when full runway lengths will be available, in-pavement hold short lights will be ON.



VERTICAL GUIDANCE

Air carrier and or mixed LAHSO are only

authorized on a runway that has electronic

or visual glide slope indicator.

Nighttime LAHSO may only be conducted with

visual glide slope indicator.



REJECTED LANDINGS

Once accepted, a LAHSO clearance must be

complied with, unless the PIC determines

the need for a rejected landing. In the event

of a rejected landing, the pilot should

maintain safe separation from other aircraft

and should promptly notify ATC.



REJECTED LANDING

• Must be initiated within the first third of the

ALD or 3,000 feet whichever is less.

• Heading and/or altitude assignments must

be flown as published until directed

otherwise by ATC



TRAINING

• Review pertinent sections of the AIM.• Attendance at FAA or industry seminar that

include LAHSO.• Successful completion of a flight review

that includes LAHSO procedures.• Successful completion of a flight instructor

refresher clinic that includes LAHSO.



Questions



1. True or False: The Purpose of Land and Hold

Short Operations (LAHSO) is to increase airport

capacity by allowing simultaneous operations on

intersecting runways.

True



2. When ATC issues a LAHSO clearance:

A. The pilot is required to accept the clearance.

B. The pilot can decline the clearance regardless of circumstances.

C. The pilot can decline the clearance only under certain circumstances outlined in the AIM.

Answer: B



3. True or False: The available landing

distance is listed in the Airport/Facility

Directory (AFD) for all airport that have

LAHSO operations.

True



4. True or false: The ALD is calculated on

pilots flying the VASI or glide slope to the

touchdown point.

False



5. The ALD is calculated on the following

factors:

a. Distance from the threshold to the

hold short point.

b. Distance from the VASI touchdown

point to the hold short point.

c. Distance from the threshold to the

intersecting runway.Answer a



6. Although ATC will tell you the distance to the

intersection, you must calculate your landing

distance based on:

a. Temperature

b. Wind

c. Elevation

d. Speed

e. All of the above

Answer e



7. True of false: LAHSO clearances will

not be issued if there is a potential for

wake turbulence.

False



8. True or False: LAHSO operations will

be suspended for 20 minutes if wind shear

is reported.

True



9. Be cautious of accepting a LAHSO

clearance if:

a. There is a possibility of wake

encounter.

b. Thunderstorms are in the vicinity.

c. The runway has a displaced threshold.

d. All of the above.

Answer d



10. True or False: Go-arounds are

prohibited during LAHSO.

False



REMEMBERSafety is a learned behavior

Learn to be safe

Documents

By: FAASTeam Federal Aviation Administration Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)