by Baharuddin FKIP UNRAM Translation D e s c r i p t i o n A subject introducing the basic theory of...
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by Baharuddin FKIP UNRAM Translation D e s c r i p t i o n A subject introducing the basic theory of translation of different texts and genres, the terms
D e s c r i p t i o n A subject introducing the basic theory of
translation of different texts and genres, the terms used, and a
brief analysis of text as a doorway to a more complex translation
practice.
Slide 4
Objectives To provide students theories of translation from one
to another century. To equip students with text analysis in order
to gain better comprehension on the text translated. To familiarize
students with the translation designs and practices. To train
students to translate different text within different context.
Slide 5
T h r o u g h t h e C l a s s Lecturing on theories Practice
Evaluation Communication? [email protected] few
weeks before translation practice. from week four (just the next
week after the final part of the theories). practice will commence
with translation from English to Indonesia. after mid semester
final test free for those who get an average of 85 of individual
paper assignment. Longer days mean loads of time for reading. Find
everything in books, from the thought provoking to the purely
escapist.
Slide 6
W h a t i s T r a n s l a t i o n ? Translation is decoding
meaning and intent at the text level and then re-encoding them in a
target language - is product, process, concept- general subject.
consists of changing from one to anther state or form of texts
across languages (Larson, 1998) - consists of transferring ideas
expressed in writing form from one language to another. is
interpretation of verbal signs by means of -- other signs of the
same language, some other language, signs of non-verbal sign
systems (Jakobson, 1959/2000), intralingual, interlingual,
intersemiotic. Eco argues that translation is not about comparing
two languages, but about the interpretation of a text in two
different languages, thus involving a shift between cultures.
Slide 7
T h e B e g i n n i n g o f T r a n s l a t i o n The
translation of religious works has played an important role in
world history. For instance the Buddhist monks who translated the
Indian sutras into the Chinese language would often skew the
translation to better adapt to China's very different culture. BC
Cicero and Horace 4c AD St. Jerome Middle Ages Translation of Greek
Philosophy into Islam 18c AD beginning of the studies 20c AD
development of the theory 21c AD machine translation
Slide 8
The Nature of Translation SL Emphasis Word-for-word translation
Literal translation Faithful translation Semantic translation T L
Emphasis A daptation F ree translation I diomatic translation C
ommunicative translation Word-for-word: like pre-translation,
closely alike to glossing Adaptation: the freest translation,
translator ideas maybe inserted. Literal: converting grammatical
sentence of SL as close as possible to TL (w- f-w + grammar) Free:
reproducing the matter without the manner, content without form
Faithful: attempting to reproduce the precise contextual meaning.
Each word should be translated. (Literal+context) Idiomatic:
Reproduce the message but tend to distort the nuance of meaning
Semantic: like faithful but include aesthetic value
(fathful+aesthetic) Communicative: transferring including the real
context to the readership
Slide 9
T r a n s l a t i o n P r o c e d u r e Direct: literal
translation is a word-for-word transfer of the ST into TT by
considering the appropriateness of the TT grammar and the ST idiom,
borrowing is usually applied when the concept in ST is very much
unknown and strange for TT readers, calque is a special borrowing
that can ease translators for the literally direct translation of
every word. Oblique: Transposition procedure is expressing word
with another class without changing the meaning of the message. In
this procedure translator will have a wide-range of styles and
options to express one concept. Modulation procedure is how to
express a concept in other form of message. Passive voice can be
expressed in active as the nature of the TL. Whatever the emphasis
of the ST sentence can be expressed in different form as long as
the main message of the text is transferred into TT. Equivalence is
used to describe the same situation in different stylistic or
structural means. This procedure is much helpful and functional in
translating idioms and proverbs. Adaptation involves changing the
cultural reference when the situation in the source culture does
not exist in the target culture. The closest concept to the target
culture is employed to describe the term in source culture Munday
(2001). The wand used by the witches of English may be translated
into keris sakti or cincin keramat in Indonesian. (Viney &
Darbelnet, 2000)
Slide 10
T r a n s l a t i o n S h i f t i n g Level Aspect shift Case
shift Category Structure shift different grammar Class shift part
of speech Unit/rank shift rank in text Intra-system shift different
system of languages involved.
Slide 11
T h e F & D Formal Equivalence Foreignisation Instrumental/
Functional Dynamic Equivalence Domestication Documentary Principle
of Equivalent Effect The (In)Visibility of Translation Purpose of
the Translation
Slide 12
Steps in Translation Establishing the project Exegesis: reading
the text Glossing: giving a short (usually one-word) equivalent for
each term Initial Drafting: a quick rough translation the text
Evaluating: accuracy, clearness, naturalness Revised Drafting:
checking for consistency Consultation: meeting the clients Final
Drafting: finishing for acceptability
Slide 13
L e x i c a l e q u i v a l e n t s Shared Concept Unknown
Concept Key Term
