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Adaptive GPS Devices & applications used in Orientation
and Mobility Training
By Anthony Cleveland and Scott Smith
Presentation Objectives
• Overview of how GPS Systems work• Overview of Hine GPS Program
/Assessment• Common GPS Devices for the VI
population • Overview of Apple GPS Application for
the VI• Advantages and Disadvantages of each
GPS application• CASE Studies Examples • Open Discussion of where the future is
headed for GPS and VI population
What is GPS and How does it work (The short Version)
The nuts and bolts of what makes it work
Global Positioning System:
Uses Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
Developed and maintained by the US
government
Only fully functional GNSS in the world
Available to anyone Uses a constellation of between 24 and
32 Satellitesto determine position
3-4 satellites required for low GPS coverage
Satellites continually transmit messages containing:
the time the message was sent
precise orbital information (the ephemeris)
general system health and rough orbits of all GPS satellites (the almanac).
GPS Receivers pick up satellite information
Receivers determine current position by using Satellites
What should I expect from GPS?
• Ease of use•Understandable Voice options•Consistent Directions•Some type of where am I feature •At least turn by turn voice guidance•Repeat button•Does it tell you what side of the street your on?•POI search and extensive POI database •A reset button•Access to maps for all 50 states
•External or internal GPS receiver•Designed or modified for the VI•Different modes of travel (Ped, motorized, etc..)•Browsing features • Managing how much information is given•Quality sound options that don’t block the ambient noise
Stable Secure Best Value Cost Effective Easy to Use Latest Technology Customer service and Tech Support Partners with major technology companies
Produce Evaluation Model
When Evaluating new technology this is a
great model to follow.
Standard Product Evaluation completed by staff person
Evaluation then is submitted to Blind Rehabilitation VA technology team
Evaluation results are posted on the VA Blind Rehabilitation SharePoint site available to all VA staff
Evaluation results are not shared with vendors without prior approval
VA Product Evaluation Process
GPS Programs 2010 (41)
◦ 26 Trekker Maestro◦ 14 Trekker Breeze◦ 1 Sendero GPS
2011 (62)◦ 8 Trekker Maestro◦ 52 Trekker Breeze◦ 2 Sendero GPS
2012 to date (58)◦ 1 Trekker Maestro◦ 57 Trekker Breeze◦ 14 Apple GPS Apps
Hines GPS Programs
10 GPS instructors GPS devices stocked for immediate issuance Separate program preferred Can be tacked on at the end of a regular
program
Hines Programs
Trekker Breeze◦ Average training program
50-65 hours 2-3 weeks
Sendero GPS◦ Average training program
60-75 hours 2-3 weeks
Apple IOS applications◦ Average training ◦ program
5-30 hours (iPhone not iPad)
Hines GPS Programs
Once the students admission is confirmed the GPS instructor calls the student prior to training to discuss goals, current abilities, and expectations for GPS in general
If the student had gone through a regular program, the OM instructor would have provided a demonstration and recommendations for training
Once the student has arrived for training we fine tune the training based on their goals and assessment results
Assessments start early
Our prescribed GPS programs are GOAL driven, not device driven
General Blind Rehabilitation, specifically OM IS the prerequisite for this technology
Assessments to determine safe travel is a priority.
Refresher training may be prescribed YOU CAN educate without issuing
Assessment, Education, and Issuance
Trekker Breeze
-Simple nine button layout
-4 different modes of travel -(Pedestrian, Motorized, Open area, Browsing)
- Designed for the visually impaired
-Built in GPS receiver
-External speaker comes with it
-True Turn by turn directions
-Easy Menu System
Automatic recording of routes while walking with sighted help
Landmarks can be recorded while travelling or recording a route
Preview to learn the routes and receive turn instructions
Explore outdoor environment without guidance instructions
In case you are lost, retrace your steps to come back
Receive turn instructions to a destination from where you are
Know where you are while walking or moving in a car
Know which landmarks are around.
Trekker Breeze
Advantages Disadvantages
Trekker brings greater independence when travelling, both in familiar and unknown environments
Great tool for enhancing the O&M rehabilitation process
Synthesized speech easier to understand
Built in receiver
Compact size, fewer, larger buttons
Trekker Breeze does not require having computer knowledge
Can enter address using phone keypad
Limits the search within its data base by up to 5 miles
Limited POI categories
You can’t avoid highways or toll ways
No virtual mode
Recording a route can only be used in Pedestrian Mode
Built in receiver may not be as accurate
Apple Accessibility Options for the Visually Impaired
VoiceOver
VoiceOver speaks the name or describes any element surrounded by the VoiceOver cursor
Announces when Screen Orientation and Lock Status of device changes.
Can be adjusted to speak characters, words, both, or nothing when typing
Rotor Control Cannot be used with Zoom Most finger gestures require 2, 3, or 4 fingers
Apple Accessibility Options for the Visually Impaired
Zoom
Allows the user to magnify screen to your preferred level.
Three fingers are used to adjust magnification. Device remembers the last magnification level
used. Typically used with the iPad. Will work with the White on Black setting. Cannot be used together with Voiceover
Mastering finger gestures Understanding of Apple and Computer
Terminology Understanding Concepts Consistency Multi-tasking Balancing instruction between gestures and
keyboard commands in VoiceOver Keeping it simple Inability to understand the VoiceOver voice. Resistance to using VoiceOver.
Barriers to Learning
Advantages Disadvantages
Fully self contained standalone GPS app
Very portable and does not require extra equipment
Highly compatible with the Voiceover features on iPhone
Can be used with other apps
Does not require data plan The POI display has very
useful information and very detailed including phone numbers
User has to have good knowledge of VoiceOver or Zoom enlargement software by Apple
ONLY- Turn-by-turn guidance Limited verbal navigational
directions on straight line routes
Consumes lots of battery life Somewhat difficult to
navigate with Voiceover Can’t currently transfer
personal POI’s to software or share POI’s from other databases
Advantages Disadvantages
Very popular app Turn by turn directions Different voice options Voice guide ped mode Comprehensive POI
database Options for maps to
other countries Does not require a
data plan
The app is accessible but some of the buttons aren’t clearly labeledLimited route info for the totally blind People have reported issues using VO and dealing with unlabeled buttonsMore expensive
Advantages Disadvantages
Requires data service and is dependent on fast connection
Difficult to stay oriented to the screen when scanning maps
Great for unmapped areas
Can set own POI’s Can explore areas
using finger search and voice over
Inexpensive
Advantages Disadvantages
Complicated main screen menu
Difficult to navigate the menu with VoiceOver
Many menu option buttons are not labeled for VO
Multiple screen overlays
Stand alone GPS application
Inexpensive Traffic information
when using motorized mode
Advantages Disadvantages
Use categories to sort through POI’s
It has simulated browsing features
Works fairly well with VO Can be used to search for
POI’s near location other than your current position for planning
Free integrated voice turn by turn navigation
Works great with other apps
Not all buttons are clearly labeled with VoiceOver The app is fully accessible but not easy to navigate and use with VoiceOver
Advantages Disadvantages
Simple to use and helpful in locating POI’s nearby
Nearest intersection and address information
Can be used in combination with another map program
Works well with Voice Over
All Buttons are clearly labeled
Requires a data plan to workThe app has to be used with another map program for guidance to the POINo turn by turn navigation
Advantages Disadvantages
Excellent for unmapped areas
Easy to add POI’s by shaking phone
Easy to localize by pointing phone and heading toward vibration
Can upload user generated POI files
No ability to route to POI using address
Waze◦ Privacy issues with tracking location
Nav 2 (Skobbler)◦ No pedestrian mode
Inaccessible GPS Applications
NLP OU- But excellent cane skills
Been VI for 20yrs due to trauma when he suffered a TBI with some cognitive deficits
Travels independently daily but would often forget routes and street without cues or prompts
Lives in a urban area but close to a forest preserve
Completed the regular program and returned for advanced training prior vs. adding GPS on at the end
A lot of practice and repetition needed to master the keys, menu structure, and route planning
Recorded daily routes Needed street by street
guidance vs. turn by turn Was able to simplify the
training to the students cognitive ability
Increase confidence in his travel ability and eased family anxiety about him getting lost.
CASE Study #1
55 year old RP vet Very small field but
excellent acuities Excellent cane user Lives in a small town Good foundation of
computer by profession
Very technical Mind Prides himself on his
independence Loves to enjoy the
outdoors and fish.
Able to master the complexities of the Iphone and use of Voiceover
Needed something portable and small because he was tired of hauling around 5 different devices
Utilized more than one application to meet his GPS needs
Was able to see the screen for spot checking
CASE Study #2
83 year old ARMD vet Very visual traveler Relies on wife, family and
friends for transportation Has stayed away from
technology since he retired
Has a friend who went through our CATS program who received an IPad
Recently moved to a new area close to lots of shopping options
Struggled greatly learning the gestures needed for Voiceover, and the Zoom feature made it too large to benefit
Struggled with all of the other features of the Iphone including GPS application
Wanted to use it for giving his wife directions in the car
Wanted something easy to use like the GPS in his sons car
CASE Study #3
Apple VIS www.applevis.comSendero www.senderogroup.comHumanware www.humanware.comIBLINK Radio Application www.serotek.com
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