CHAPTER 10AP US HISTORY

EARLY AMERICABy 1789, the population of America was still growing--doubling every 25 yearsSome major cities were beginning to develop

90 percent of Americans still live in rural areasMost Americans still live in the original 13 states

New States?Kentuc

kyVermont

17911792

Tennessee Ohio

GEORGE WASHINGTON’S PRESIDENCYGeorge Washington was the first American President

Only President to be unanimously elected by the Electoral College in 1789

Mount VernonMount Vernon home of George Washington

Washington inaugurated in March in New York City (temporary capital of US)

WASHINGTON’S CABINETThomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton Henry Knox

Secretary of State Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of War

Cabinet is not mentioned in the US Constitution…part of the “unwritten constitution”

Washington set many precedents or examples in his Presidency

Bill of RightsAnti-Federalists had been promised a Bill of Rights if they supported the Constitution

Bill of Rights adopted in 1791

Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution

James Madison is the writer of the Bill of Rights

What are the Bill of Rights?

JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789

1. Organized the Supreme Court

2. Created 6 total justice positions

3. Created position of Chief Justice

4. Created Attorney General

5. Authorized other federal courts

John Jay

John Jay was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton was the Secretary of the Treasury in Washington’s AdministrationWas responsible for reviving the American economyHis plan focused on tying the wealthy to the success of the US government

Hamilton’s Plan1. Bank of the United States--created in

1791 in Philadelphia2. Excise Tax--whiskey3. Funding at Par--government to pay debts

at face value plus interest4. Assumption of State debts--tied states to

the federal government5. Tariff on imported goods

BE FAT

Washington DCLocation of national capital Agreed in a compromise by Hamilton and Jefferson over state debts--located in South

Strict Construction Loose ConstructionBelieve that the Constitution is inflexible and says what it means

Biggest supporter is Thomas Jefferson

Believe that the Constitution is flexible

Use the “Necessary and Proper” clause or Elastic Clause for their beliefs

Biggest supporter is Alexander Hamilton

WHISKEY REBELLIONInvolved the Whiskey Tax under Hamilton’s financial program

Occurred in 1794

Showed the new strength of the United States government

POLITICAL PARTIESFederalists

Leader of Federalists Party was Alexander Hamilton

Democratic RepublicansLeader of Democratic Republicans was Thomas Jefferson

French Revolution totally separated Federalists and Democratic Republicans

Federalists support the British Democratic Republicans support French

French Revolution eventually drew young America into its tangled webWhat was America to do….who should it side with?

FRENCH REVOLUTIONWashington believed America had to avoid war at all costsWashington issued the Neutrality Proclamation of 1793

Citizen Genet French diplomat who attempted to go around Washington’s neutrality

British ignored American neutralityPracticed impressments on American sailors

Jay’s Treaty

Pinckney’s TreatyTreaty with England in 1794

John Jay sent to England to make a treaty with British to keep us out of war over impressments of US sailors

Terms included:1. British promise to

leave American territories

2. British will pay for damages to ships, but won’t promise it won’t happen again

3. US agrees to pay off pre-Revolution war debts to British

Treaty with Spain in 1795

Terms included:1. Navigation of

the Miss. River2. Right of deposit

in New Orleans3. Disputed North

Florida territory to US

NOT POPULAR

POPULAR

WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL ADDRESS

Washington set many precedents including 2 terms for a President

Washington’s Farewell Address warned of two things:

1. Political Parties formation2. Permanent entangling alliances with

foreign powers

ELECTION OF 1796John Adams

Federalist

T. Jefferson

Democratic Republican

Adams defeated Jefferson in the Electoral College 71-68

Jefferson as runner up was the Vice President

Problem fixed with the 12th amendment

XYZ AFFAIROccurred in 1797French warships had seized about 300 US vesselsPresident Adams sent delegation to Paris to try and avoid warUS delegates approached by 3 French agents (X, Y, and Z)French demanded bribe of $250,000

to talk to Talleyrand (French Foreign Minister) and a loan of $32,000,000

“Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute”

Negotiations broke down and war hysteria swept USResulted in naval war (Quasi-War) with France for 2 ½ years

CONVENTION OF 1800President John Adams put the nation above his own

political future

Known as “Adam’s Finest Hour”

French eager to avoid major war and agree to end the 22 year old Franco-American alliance with US

Major war avoided with France

Not popular among Federalists

Alien Act Sedition Act1. Raised residence

requirement for citizenship to 14 years

2. Said President could deport “dangerous “ foreigners

Said anyone who impeded the policies of the government or falsely criticized its officials would face heavy fines and imprisonmentPurpose?

Purpose was to reduce the power of Jeffersonians and silence anti-war opposition

Jefferson and Madison will write the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions in

protest

James Madison T. Jefferson

Ky. ResolutionsVa. Resolutions

Written to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts

Stated that states had the right to determine the constitutionality of a law (states rights)

Compact Theory--belief that the 13 states were sovereign and had created the federal government and entered into a compact

Same ideas will be used in Civil War by Southern leaders