Buzias Report - Transaircultur

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www.hungary-romania-cbc.euwww.huro-cbc.eu

TO:

Prof.dr. László Makra UNIVERSITY of SZEGED, Dept. of Climatology and Landscape Ecology, 6722 Szeged, Egyetem street No. 2., Hungary Tel: +36 62 544 856 ; Fax: +36 62 544 624

Prof.dr. BODO BARNA DIASPORA FOUNDATION, str. Putna nr.7, Timisoara 300593, Romania Tel: +4.0356.446516, +4.0356.446516

Results of the Air Quality Monitoring Campaign in Buzias, Colonnade/Dendrology park

Location: Buzias, on the middle side of Colonnade/Dendrology Park. Coordinates of the AQM station: 45°385331 N, 21°302213 E altitude 126 m Start on: 24th October 2012 End on: 30th October 2012 Experts: dr.ing. Francisc Popescu, dr,ing. Nicolae Lontis Overview of the monitoring site:

Buzia is a town in Timi County, Romania. As of 2004, it had a population of 7,738, or 7,714 according to the 2002 census. The town was first mentioned in 1321 in a document of Charles I of Hungary. It was declared a city in 1956. It administers two villages, Bacova City and Silagiu. Buzia is an old health spa, the first establishments being built in 1819. In 1839 was declared a spa. The mineral waters of Buzia are used in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. They are also bottled for common use. the park of Buzia , with a surface of over 20 ha, is a dendrological park with many rare species of trees, the most important being the plane (Platanus). The architectural symbolic element of the spa is the covered colonnade of the park built in Turkish-Byzantine style, unique to Romania. The only two

other similar promenades in Europe are found in Karlovy Vary and Baden-Baden. (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzia )

The first attestations of Buziasului appear in documents in 1072. Facts and information about Buzias disappear into the mists of time and will return only when the king of Hungary in the 18th century, a prominent member of the Habsburg family and village territories Buziasului hand, Hungarian religionar fund at the time, place Buziasului was elected residence. In 1809 they are found “healing water springs” by Dr. Johann Bernhart Lindenmayr

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who owned and information about geology. He was a doctor at the district and teachers Cheveresu Mare in Buzias. It draws the attention of the authorities at that time about the eruption of these sources, information that appear in the monograph of Michael Hirschfeld. Following these complaints, Professor Paul Kytaibel, great chemistry at that time, traveled many times to Buzias to perform chemical analysis of the springs. From the results of chemical analysis carried out revealed that owning curative spring waters, with a high mineral content (especially iron). Making public the information on therapeutic and healing properties of mineral water in 1811 began to appear and the first people who came to treatment thus opening the first spa season Buzias direct coordination Lindenmayr medical doctor who was one of the first people heavily backed resort in the early stages of development. In 1836 the first signs of economic development and in 1838 they settled in Buzias as balneology medical doctor who became the first doctor George Ciocarlan balneology resort Buzias official until 1848. The resort has established in the scientific manner, the internal cure with mineral water from underground springs. Ciocarlan doctor held a series of scientific conferences with participants from Romania and abroad (Vienna, Belgrade, Germany) due to which Buzias spa town gained European renown. George Ciocarlan, outstanding medical staff of Banat at the time, published a series of specialized papers of which include “The therapeutic effect of mineral water” and “art of preventing illness” for the medical reference works.

From the administrative point of view was on the lease area Buzias Anton Hoffmann, who for 13 years has developed tourist resort in terms of the construction of villas (Adela, MARGHITA), holiday homes, hotels (Bazaar – 1856) Casino in central park (1856). Period was one of the most flourishing and rich period for the resort has won. Note that in this period (1856) started construction of colonnades whose

architecture and construction were made by carpenters brought in especially from Austria. Construction was completed in 1875 becoming the longest covered colonnade in Europe (512 m), there is one in Carlsbad in May and one in Baden Baden. Said that in 1815 began construction of two parks and systematization of the resort, and Central Liget projects were conducted over a period of about 100 years and were mostly made by Austrian specialists who brought rare trees. Construction of two parks in the resort aimed at creating a special climate belts complete with mineral water, thus becoming a factor currently used natural cure. Hoffmann was a period in which the administrator was one of the most flourishing period of the resort Buzias being recognized at European level and reaching the mineral waters to be compared with those of Neuheim resort in Germany. In 1893, industrialist Schottola Erno Hungarian origin becomes the first owner of the resort until 1903 when Buzias dies. He continued development and construction of resort villas, hotels, health establishments, and modernizing all the accommodations existing at the time. A notable event at that time was the arrival of the Austro-Hungarian emperor in September 1898 during a military exercise campaigns aimed preparation for World War I. The campaign lasted about a week. At 3 days after the troops left, the Empress Elizabeth was murdered during a visit to Holland in the protocol. As a result of this dramatic event, when Liget park resort called Park took the name

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Elizabeth. The resort has won the 1906 was bought by another German-born industrialist named Jacob Muschong which continued the thread of development of resort for tourists and economical. He set up the first mineral water bottling plant and cabon dioxide is used and consumed with great success in industrialized areas (metallurgy workers had free access to mineral water consumption in Buzias). Bottled mineral water was present in several contests and competitions, winning over time 8 medals including a gold medal at the competition in Bratislava in 1920. On all labels of the bottles were sold last medals and prizes won in competitions, as well as chemical analysis report of mineral water. Bulletin of the chemical analysis of water is now gone and the label together with the specification that is 100% natural water using natural carbon dioxide. Following a very strong development in terms of tourism, in 1907, Jacob Muschong began building a new location for mineral water baths, a location that is currently in storage. Also as a tourist, was built in 1907 a railway line over a length of 2.5 km, connecting the station Buzias resort, used in transporting the economic purpose imbutelieta mineral water, and with gas cylinders carbon from the factory to the station Buzias. In 1923, Jacob Muschong start using the railway line and Touristic purposes, thus ensuring the transfer of tourists from the train station in the center. Note that the steam engine used as fuel for firewood and charcoal not, resort to avoid air pollution. In 1922, there is a rare phenomenon in the high season, namely in the cure and treatment, following a seismic sources clogging occurs, an event that could become disastrous for both the resort and the resort owner itself. The situation was saved by a specialist in drilling, named by Jacob Muschong Medvescky brought in Arad and has drilled to a depth of 106 m, more than likely not due to a very hard layer of rock that are not presently no could be pierced. Following this drilling has formed very strong geizer throw water at a height of about 40 m and has managed in these three days to restart the mineral springs and thus saved the season and obviously resort treatment. In 1923 Jacob dies and resort Muschong is inherited by one of his daughters, Catherine, who remains the owner of the resort until 1948 when it nationalized. Buziasului continues to be a representative of the spas, enjoying international recognition, but imcepe aristocratic aura to fade, and instead of making new buildings, modern hotels and treatment facilities, with large capacity. Number of tourists and visitors arriving in Buzias each season were between 3000 – 5000 people, according to data from the archives of the resort. (source: http://ihotele.ro/europa/destinatii-romania/hotel-romania/buzias-2/?lang=en )

Location of the “Politehnica” University of Timisoara Air Quality Mobile Laboratory, in the Colonnade/Dendrology park in Buzias.

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Monitoring results.

The mobile laboratory is equipped with reference point instruments for major pollutants (SO2, O3, NOx, CO, CH4, NMHC, THC and PM10). Meteorological sensors (wind speed and direction, air temperature, pressure and humidity) are mounted around the mobile laboratories. The following pollutants have been continuously measured, with 10 second resolution, over the entire measuring episode with high precision equipment: SO2 measured with HORIBA APSA370 instrument, measurement principle is UV

fluorescence, reference method: EN 14212:2005. The combined measurement uncertainty is U = 1.76 % for recorded values;

NO, NO2 and NOx measured with HORIBA APNA370 instrument, measurement principle is chemiluminescences, reference method: EN 14211:2005. The combined measurement uncertainty is U = 2.06 % for recorded values;

O3 measured with HORIBA APOA370 instrument, measurement principle is UV photometry, reference method: EN 14625:2005. The combined measurement uncertainty is U = 6.98 % for recorded values;

CO measured with HORIBA APMA370 instrument, measurement principle is NDIR (Non Dispersive Infrared), reference method EN 14626:2005. The combined measurement uncertainty is U = 4 % for recorded values;

CH4, NMHC and THC measured with Horiba APHA370 instrument, measurement principle is FID (flame ionization detection), reference method EN 12619:2002. The combined measurement uncertainty is U = 0.9 % for recorded values;

PM10 (suspended particles, fraction PM10), Sven Leckel LVS3, measurement principle is gravimetric.

The equipments are part of the air quality monitoring mobile laboratory and procedures used are in full compliance with ISO/CEN 17025:2005 standard for quality assurance in analytic laboratories. Linde and DKD (Deutsche Kalibrierdienst) calibrations gases (NO, SO2, CO, CH4 in N2) were used. In table 1 the resulted values for daily mean values for all pollutants are presented. Table 1. Daily mean values recorded for main air pollutants

Day O3 SO2 NO NO2 NOx CH4 NMHC THC CO PM10 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 g/m3

10/24/11 36.65 7.15 4.64 31.97 36.61 4.70 0.50 5.21 0.31 10/25/11 34.50 12.52 6.03 35.84 41.87 4.48 0.44 4.93 0.34 61.23 10/26/11 27.97 10.30 5.46 34.24 39.70 4.42 0.45 4.86 0.35 33.97 10/27/11 35.27 9.60 5.27 33.73 39.01 4.18 0.40 4.58 0.31 36.46 10/28/11 31.08 11.05 5.65 34.78 40.43 4.16 0.40 4.56 0.35 21.56 10/29/11 25.19 12.14 5.94 35.56 41.50 4.24 0.42 4.66 0.48 48.22 10/30/11 33.36 11.33 5.72 34.98 40.70 4.24 0.42 4.66 0.53

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Fig 1. Hourly mean values recorded for O3, NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, Colonnade/Dendrology Park in Buzias

Figure 2. Hourly mean values recorded for CH4, NMHC, THC and CO in Colonnade/Dendrology Park, Buzias

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Fig 3. Daily mean values recorded for PM10, NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, O3 in Colonnade/Dendrology Park, Buzias

Fig 4. Views of the Mobile AQM Laboratory in-situ location in Colonnade/Dendrology Park in Buzias

From the data presented in this report one can observe that all recorded pollutants

concentrations are very low, and that the quality of air in the Colonnade/Dendrology park in Buzias is very good, making it ideal for his past, today and future purposes: spa, recreation and health/tonus recovery. Prepared by: dr.ing. Francisc Popescu http://www.mec.upt.ro/transaircultur date: 7.12.2012

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Buzias Report - Transaircultur