SELECTED STATISTICS ON WOMEN’S STATUS

10% of women 20-24 years were married orin union before age 1552% of women 20-24 years were marriedor in union before age 1828% of women 20-24 years have given birthby age 18

44%of women 15-49 years think that ahusband/partner is justified in hitting or beating his wife under certaincircumstances

52%of women 15-49 years make use of atleast one type of information media atleast once a week (newspaper, magazine, television, or radio)

1996 National decree/legislation banningFGM passed

Source: DHS 2010

Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to “all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.”1 While the exact number of girls and women worldwide who have undergone FGM remains unknown, at least 200 million girls and women have been cut in 31 countries with representative data on prevalence. FGM is a violation of girls’ and women’s human rights and is condemned by many international treaties and conventions, as well as by national legislation in many countries. Yet, where it is practised FGM is performed in line with tradition and social norms to ensure that girls are socially accepted and marriageable, and to uphold their status and honour and that of the entire family. UNICEF works with government and civil society partners towards the elimination of FGM in countries where it is still practised.

1. World Health Organization, Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: An interagency statement, WHO,UNFPA, UNICEF, UNIFEM, OHCHR, UNHCR, UNECA, UNESCO, UNDP, UNAIDS, WHO, Geneva, 2008, p. 4.

STATISTICAL PROFILE ON FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION

BURKINA FASO

© Mwangaza Action/2013/Waongo G

Data and Analytics SectionDIVISION OF DATA, ANALYTICS, PLANNING AND MONITORING

17

77

5

76 87

22

81 76

66 62 60

0

20

40

60

80

Total Muslim Traditional/Animist

RomanCatholic

No religion

13

7

15 14

8 2

16

8

0

10

20

30

40

50

RuralTotal Urban Noeducation

Primary Secondaryor higher

Poorest Richest

0.2

98

2

The prevalence of FGM in Burkina Faso ranges from 22 per cent to 87 per cent by ethnicity

The majority of adolescent girls in Burkina Faso who underwent FGM did so before the age of five

HOW WIDESPREAD IS THE PRACTICE?

WHEN AND HOW IS FGM/C PERFORMED?

P 15-49 years who have at least one daughter who has had FGM/C, by place of residence and mother's education

rt

ting

Traditionalpractitioner

Don’t know/Missing

Health personnel

Percentage of girls and women aged 15-49 yearswho have had FGM/C, by préfecture

Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 yearswho have undergone FGM, by region Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM, by ethnicity and religion

54

24

11

0

20

40

60

80

100

0-4 years

5-9 years

10-14 years

15+ years

Don’t know/Missing

127 1

0 20 40 60 80 100

64 7

100

10-25 %

26-50% 51-80%

Less than 10%

Above 80 %

Cut, flesh removed

Type not determined/Not sure/Don’t know

Cut, no fleshremoved/ Nicked

Sewn closed

1

Ethnic groupwith highestprevalence

Daughters whose mothers think FGM

should continue

Daughters whose mothers say it

depends/are not sure

Daughters whosemothers think FGM

should stop

Ethnic groupwith lowestprevalence

OtherChristians

Percentage of girls aged 0 to 14 years who have undergone FGM (as reported by their mothers),by residence, mother's education and household wealth quintile

Among daughters of cut girls and women, the percentage of girls aged0 to 14 years who have undergone FGM (as reported by their mothers),

by mothers' attitudes about whether the practice should continue

Percentage distribution of girls aged 0 to 14 years who have undergone FGM (as reported by their

mothers), according to the type of person/practitioner performing the procedure

Percentage distribution of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM,

by type of FGM performed

Source for all charts on this page: DHS 2010

Percentage distribution of girls aged 15 to 19 years who have undergone FGM, by age at which cutting occurred

WHEN AND HOW IS FGM PERFORMED?

Notes: The boundaries and the names shown and the designations used on the map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Only categories with 25 or more unweighted cases are presented. Due to rounding, some of the data presented may not add up to 100 per cent. The category of 'Other Christians' includes 'Protestant.' Prevalence data for girls aged 0 to 14 reflect their current, but not final, FGM status since some girls who have not been cut may still be at risk of experiencing the practice once they reach the customary age for cutting. Therefore, the data on prevalence for girls under age 15 is actually an underestimation the true extent of the practice. Since age at cutting varies among settings, the amount of underestimation also varies and this should be kept in mind when interpreting all FGM prevalence data for this age group. ‘Health personnel’ includes doctors, nurses, midwives and other health workers; ‘Traditional practitioner’ includes traditional circumcis-ers, traditional birth attendants and other types of traditional practitioners.

WHAT ARE THE PREVAILING ATTITUDES TOWARDS FGM?

Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years and boys and men aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM, by their attitudes about whether the practice should continue

Approximately nine out of ten people in Burkina Faso think that the practice should stop

Think FGM should continue Think FGM should stop Say it depends/are not sure

Boys and men

Girlsand women

Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years and boys and men aged 15 to 49 years who have heard of FGM and believe the

practice is required by religion

Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM and think the practice should continue, by household wealth quintile, education, ethnicity and age

PoorestTotal Richest No education Primary Secondaryor higher

Ethnic group withhighest support

Ethnic group withlowest support

45-49years

15-19years

IS THE PRACTICE OF FGM CHANGING?

Fewer adolescents have undergone FGM compared to older women, and support for the practicehas declined significantly

Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM, by current age

Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM, and percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM and think the practice should continue

Prevalence of FGM Think FGM should continue

Source for all charts on this page: DHS 2010, unless otherwise noted.

45-49 years 40-44 years 35-39 years 30-34 years 25-29 years 20-24 years 15-19 years

DHS 1998-99 DHS 2003 DHS 2010

50

0

10

20

30

40

50

Girls and women Boys and men

15 17

BURKINA FASO

Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM

Percentage of girls aged 0 to 14 years who have undergone FGM (as reported by their mothers)

Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 who have heard of FGM and think the practice should continue

INTER-COUNTRY STATISTICAL OVERVIEW

Notes: In Liberia, girls and women who have heard of the Sande society were asked whether they were members; this provides indirect information on FGM since it is performed during initiation into the society. Data on girls’ prevalence in Egypt refer to girls aged 6 months to 14 years and in Indonesia refer to girls aged 0 to 11 years. An older source is used to report on the prevalence of FGM among girls and on the percentage of support for FGM in Uganda (DHS 2011) since the latest source did not collect these data. Data on the prevalence among girls refer to an older source in Nigeria (MICS 2016-17) due to an anomaly in the results in the most recent source. MICS data for Ghana (2011) could not be used to report on attitudes towards FGM due to the fact that information is missing for girls and women with no living daughters; data from MICS 2006 are used instead. EDSF/PAPFAM data for Djibouti (2012) could not be used for attitudes towards FGM since the question is different from the standard; data from MICS 2006 are used instead. In Liberia, only cut girls and women were asked about their attitudes towards FGM; since girls and women from practicing communities are more likely to support the practice, the level of support in this country as captured by DHS 2013 is higher than would be expected had all girls and women been asked their opinion. In Egypt and Somalia, the support for FGM was calculated among all girls and women, since respondents were not first asked whether they had heard of the practice. Prevalence data for girls and women aged 15 to 49 years and data on attitudes towards FGM are not available for Indonesia.

Source: DHS, EDSF/PAPFAM, MICS, Health Issues Survey, Population and Health Survey and RISKESDAS, 2004-2018.Updated January 2020

FOR MORE INFORMATIONData and Analytics Section - Division of Data, Analytics, Planning and Monitoring

UNICEF, 3 UN Plaza, New York, 10017Website: data.unicef.org Email: data@unicef.org

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