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Bulk Properties of QCD Matter. Many thanks to organizers !. Kai Schweda, University of Heidelberg / GSI Darmstadt. Outline. Introduction Hadron Abundances - T ch Collective Flow - T fo , Heavy Quarks - open charm and quarkonia. Introduction. Quark Gluon Plasma. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Bulk Properties of QCD Matter
Kai Schweda, University of Heidelberg / GSI Darmstadt
Many thanks to organizers !
2/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Outline
Introduction
Hadron Abundances - Tch
Collective Flow - Tfo,
Heavy Quarks - open charm and
quarkonia
XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Introduction
4/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Source: Michael Turner, National Geographic (1996)
Quark Gluon Plasma:
(a) Deconfined and
(b) thermalized state of quarks and gluons
Study partonic EOS at RHIC and LHC(?) Probe thermalization using heavy-quarks
Quark Gluon Plasma
XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Nuclear phase diagram
1) Heavy quarks with ALICE at LHC:- Study medium properties - pQCD in hot and dense environment
1) FAIR/GSI program:- Search for the possible phase boundary.- Chiral symmetry restoration
Energy scan
6/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Colliding Heavy Nuclei
7/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
PCM & clust. hadronization
NFD
NFD & hadronic TM
PCM & hadronic TM
CYM & LGT
string & hadronic TM
1) Initial condition: 2) System evolves: 3) Bulk freeze-out
-Baryon transfer - parton/hadron expansion - hadronic dof
- ET production - inel. interactions cease:
-Partonic dof particle ratios, Tch, B
- elas. interactions cease
Particle spectra, Tth, <T>
Time
Plot: Steffen A. Bass, Duke University
8/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Collision Geometry
x
z
Non-central Collisions
Au + Au sNN = 200 GeV
Uncorrected
Number of participants: number of incoming nucleons in the overlap regionNumber of binary collisions: number of inelastic nucleon-nucleon collisions
Charged particle multiplicity collision centralityReaction plane: x-z plane
XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Hadron Abundances
10/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Particle Multilplicities
PHOBOS fit
HIJING BBar
Armesto et al.
AMPT
Eskola
CGC
KLN
ASW
DPMJET-III
EHNRR
at LHC, dN/d 1000 3000
estimate energy density Theory points: HI at LHC – last call for predictions, CERN, May 2007.PHOBOS compilation: W. Busza, SQM07.
dy
dE
RT
Bj0
2
11
τπε =
11/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
EoS from Lattice QCD
1) Large increase in ε !
Large increase in Ndof:
Hadrons vs. partons
2) TC ~ 160 MeV
3) Boxes indicate max. initial
temperatures
Longest expansion
duration at LHC
Expect large partonic
collectivity at LHCZ. Fodor et al, JHEP 0203:014(02)
C.R. Allton et al, hep-lat/0204010
F. Karsch, Nucl. Phys. A698, 199c(02).
LHC ?RHICSPS
12/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
HI - Collision History
Plot: R. Stock, arXiv:0807.1610 [nucl-ex].
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Tc(ritical): quarks and gluon hadrons, Tc(ritical) = 160 MeV
Tch(emical): hadron abundancies freeze out
Tfo: particle spectra freeze out
13/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Graphik: Max-Plack-Institut für Plasmaphysik
Wavelength and Intensity solely determined by temperature Tsolar = 5500 °C(at the sun’s surface)
Solar Spectrum
14/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
N
π
K+
K0
K-
N
E = mc2 (GeV)
Te
ilch
enh
äu
figke
it
0.4 0.80 1.61.2
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.
1000 Lichtquelle Teilchenquelle
Häufigkeit von Teilchen am
besten beschrieben durch
T = 2 000 000 000 000 C
= 2 Trillionen C
100 000 mal heisser
als im Innern der Sonne !
Wie heiss ist die Quelle ?
15/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Chemical Freeze-out Model
Hadron resonance ideal gas
Compare particle ratios to experimental data
Qi : 1 for u and d, -1 for u and d
si : 1 for s, -1 for s
gi : spin-isospin freedom
mi : particle mass
All resonances and unstable particles are decayed
Refs. J.Rafelski PLB(1991)333P. Braun-Munzinger et al., nucl-th/0304013
Tch : Chemical freeze-out temperatureq : light-quark chemical potentials : strange-quark chemical potentialV : volume term, drops out for ratios!s : strangeness under-saturation factor
Density of particle i
B = 3q S = q-s
XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Hadron Yield Ratios
1) At RHIC:
Tch = 160 ± 10 MeV
B = 25 ± 5 MeV
2) S = 1.
The hadronic system is thermalized at RHIC.
3) Short-lived resonances show deviations.
There is life after chemical freeze-out.
RHIC white papers - 2005, Nucl. Phys. A757, STAR: p102; PHENIX: p184;Statistical Model calculations: P. Braun-Munzinger et al. nucl-th/0304013.
17/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
A. Andronic et al., NPA 772 (2006) 167.
With increasing energy:
• Tch increases and saturates
at Tch = 160 MeV
• Coincides with Hagedorn
temperature
• Coincides with early lattice results
limiting temperature
for hadrons, Tch 160 MeV
!
B decreases, B = 1MeV at LHC
Nearly net-baryon free !
Chemical Freeze-Out vs Energy
18/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QCD Phase Diagram
19/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Baryon Ratios
Compilation: N. Xu
With increasing energy:
• Baryon ratios approach unity
• At LHC, pbar / p 0.95
with increasing
collision energy,
production of matter
and anti-matter gets
closer
20/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
‘Elementary’ p+p Collisions
Low multiplicities
use canonical ensemble:
Strangeness locally
conserved!
particle yields are well
reproduced
Strangeness not
equilibrated ! (s =
0.5)
Statistical Model Fit: F. Becattini and U. Heinz, Z. Phys. C 76, 269 (1997).
21/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
HI - Collision History
Plot: R. Stock, arXiv:0807.1610 [nucl-ex].
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Tc(ritical): quarks and gluon hadrons, Tc(ritical) = 160 MeV
Tch(emical): hadron abundancies freeze out, Tch(emical) = 160 MeV
Tfo: particle spectra freeze out
XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Collective Flow
23/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Pressure, Flow, …Pressure, Flow, …
pdVdUd +=στThermodynamic identity
σ – entropy p – pressureU – energy V – volumeτ= kBT, thermal energy per dof
In A+A collisions, interactions among constituentsand density distribution lead to: pressure gradient collective flow
number of degrees of freedom (dof) Equation of State (EOS) cumulative – partonic + hadronic
24/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Momentum Distributions*Momentum Distributions*2
][(
GeV
/
2c)
-1
dydp
Nd
Tπ
][GeV/ cpT
π
K (dE/dx)
p
K (kink)
*Au+Au @130 GeV, STAR
Tth=107±8 [MeV]
<t>=0.55±0.08 [c]
n=0.65±0.09
2/dof=106/90
solid lines: fit range
• Typical mass ordering in inverse slope from light π to heavier
• Two-parameter fit describes yields of
π, K, p,
• Tth = 90 10 MeV
• <t> = 0.55 0.08 c
Disentangle
collective motion from thermal random walk
π
K (dE/dx)
p
K (kink)
25/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
(anti-)Protons From RHIC (anti-)Protons From RHIC Au+Au@130GeVAu+Au@130GeV
Mor
e ce
ntra
l col
lisio
ns
22 masspm TT +=Centrality dependence:
- spectra at low momentum de-populated, become flatter at larger momentum
stronger collective flow in more central coll.!STAR: Phys. Rev. C70, 041901(R).
26/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Thermal Model + Radial Flow Thermal Model + Radial Flow FitFit
Source is assumed to be:
– in local thermal equilibration: Tfo
– boosted in transverse radial direction: = f(s)
random
boostedE.Schnedermann, J.Sollfrank, and U.Heinz, Phys. Rev. C48, 2462(1993)
€
Ed3N
dp3∝ e−(uμ pμ )/T fo p
σ
∫ dσ μ ⇒
dN
mT dmT
∝ rdrmTK1
mT cosh ρ
Tfo
⎛
⎝ ⎜ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟ ⎟0
R
∫ I0
pT sinh ρ
Tfo
⎛
⎝ ⎜ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟ ⎟
ρ = tanh−1 βT βT = β S
r
R
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟α
α = 0.5, 1, 2
27/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
D-meson collective flow
Large collective flow
velocity
Spectrum moves to
larger momentum
28/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
HI - Collision History
Plot: R. Stock, arXiv:0807.1610 [nucl-ex].
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Tc(ritical): quarks and gluon hadrons, Tc(ritical) = 160 MeV
Tch(emical): hadron abundancies freeze out, Tch(emical) = 160 MeV
Tfo: particle spectra freeze out, Tfo 100 MeV :π, K, p
29/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
1) Multi-strange hadrons 1) Multi-strange hadrons and and freeze-out earlier freeze-out earlier than (than (ππ, , KK, , pp))
Collectivity prior to Collectivity prior to hadronization hadronization
2) Sudden single freeze-out*:2) Sudden single freeze-out*:Resonance decays lower TResonance decays lower Tfofo
for (for (ππ, , KK, , pp)) Collectivity prior to Collectivity prior to
hadronizationhadronization
Partonic Partonic Collectivity ?Collectivity ?
Kinetic Freeze-out at RHIC
STAR Data: Nucl. Phys. A757, (2005 102),
*A. Baran, W. Broniowski and W. Florkowski, Acta. Phys. Polon. B 35 (2004) 779.
STAR Preliminary
Anisotropy Parameter v2
y
x
py
px
coordinate-space-anisotropy momentum-space-anisotropy
€
ε =⟨y 2 − x 2⟩⟨y 2 + x 2⟩
v2 = cos2ϕ , ϕ = tan−1(py
px
)
Initial/final conditions, EoS, degrees of freedom
31/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
v2 in the Low-pT Region
P. H
uovinen, private
communications, 2004
- v2 approx. linear in pT, mass ordering from light π to heavier characteristic of hydrodynamic flow ! sensitive to equation of state
32/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Non-ideal Hydro-dynamics
€
s
< 6 /4π
M.Luzum and R. Romatschke, PRC 78 034915 (2008); P. Romatschke, arXiv:0902.3663.
finite shear viscosity reduces elliptic flow
many caveats, e.g.:- initial eccentricity ε (Glauber, CGC, …)- equation of state- hadronic contribution to /s
String theory predicts:
/s > 1/4π
33/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Elliptic Flow vs Collision Energy
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Centrality dependence:
- initial eccentricity ε- overlap area S
Collision energy dep.:
- multiplicity density dNch/dy
in central collisions at RHIC, hydro-limit seems reached !
NA49, Phys. Rev. C68, 034903 (2003);STAR, Phys. Rev. C66, 034904 (2002);Hydro-calcs.: P. Kolb, J. Sollfrank, and U. Heinz, Phys. Rev.C62, 054909 (2000).
Glauber initial conditions
34/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
v2 of and multi-strange
Strange-quark flow - partonic collectivity at RHIC !
QM05 conference: M. Oldenburg; nucl-ex/0510026.
35/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Collectivity, Deconfinement at RHIC
- v2, spectra of light hadrons and multi-strange hadrons - scaling with the number of constituent quarks
At RHIC, it seems we have:
Partonic Collectivity
Deconfinement
Thermalization ?
PHENIX: PRL91, 182301(03) STAR: PRL92, 052302(04)
S. Voloshin, NPA715, 379(03)Models: Greco et al, PRC68, 034904(03)X. Dong, et al., Phys. Lett. B597, 328(04).….
36/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Collectivity Energy Dependence
Collectivity parameters <T>
and <v2> increase with
collision energy
strong collective
expansion at RHIC !
<T>RHIC 0.6
expect strong partonic
expansion at LHC,
<T>LHC 0.8, Tfo Tch
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
K.S., ISMD07, arXiv:0801.1436 [nucl-ex].
37/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Partonic Collectivity at RHIC
1) Copiously produced hadrons freeze-out π,K,p: Tfo = 100 MeV, T = 0.6 (c) > T(SPS)
2) Multi-strange hadrons freeze-out: Tfo = 160-170 MeV (~ Tch), T = 0.4 (c)
3) Multi-strange v2: and multi-strange hadrons and do flow!
4) Model - dependent /s: (0?),1 - 10 x 1/4π
Deconfinement &Partonic (u,d,s) Collectivity !
XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Heavy Quarks
XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Heavy flavor: a unique probe
X. Zhu, M. Bleicher, S.L. Huang, K.S., H. Stöcker,N. Xu, and P. Zhuang, PLB 647 (2007) 366.
mc,b >> QCD : new scale
mc,b const., mu,d,s ≠ const.
• initial conditions:σσtest pQCD, R, F
probe gluon distribution
• early partonic stage: diffusion (), drag (), flowprobe thermalization
• hadronization:chiral symmetry restorationconfinementstatistical coalescenceJ/ enhancement / suppression
Q2
time
€
cc
€
bb
40/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Limitations in PDFs
Most charm created from
gluons, e.g. g+g c + cbar
increasing uncertainties in gluon
distribution at smaller Bjorken x:
Assume y=0, pT=0, x1=x2
2 x mcharm 3 GeV
RHIC (s=0.2TeV): x = 0.015
LHC (s=14TeV): x = 2x10-4
41/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Heavy Quark Production
(i) Heavy-quarks abundantly produced at LHC energies !
(ii) Large theoretical uncertainties energy scan (LHC,FAIR) will
help ! Plots: R. Vogt,Eur. Phys. J. C, s10052-008-0809-x (2008).
Heavy-quark production at LHC, compared to RHIC expect factors
Charm 10
Beauty 100
42/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Heavy quark Correlations c-cbar mesons are correlated
• Pair creation: back to back
• Gluon splitting: forward
• Flavor excitation: flat
Exhibits strong correlations !
Baseline at zero:
clear measure of
vanishing correlations !
probe thermalization
among partons !
PYTHIA: p + p @ 14 TeV
X. Zhu, M. Bleicher, S.L. Huang, K.S., H. Stöcker,N. Xu, and P. Zhuang, PLB 647 (2007) 366.G. Tsildeakis, H. Appelshäuser, K.S., J. Stachel, arXiv: 0908.0427.
43/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
How to measure Heavy-Quark Production
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
e.g., D0, cτ = 123 m
displaced decay vertex is signature of heavy-quark decay
need precise pointing to collision vertex
44/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Heavy Flavor production at RHIC
large discrepancy between STAR and PHENIX: factor > 2 (!)
need Si-vertex upgrades(> 2011)
large theoretical uncertainties (factor > 10)
Measure charm production at RHIC, LHC, FAIR and provide input to theory: - gluon distribution,
- scales R, FPlot: J. Dunlop (STAR), QM2009, Open Heavy-flavor in heavy-ion collisions, Calcs: R. Vogt,Eur. Phys. J. C, s10052-008-0809-x (2008),M. Cacciari, 417th Heraeus Seminar, Bad Honnef (2008).
45/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Where does all the charm go?
D0
D
Ds
c
J
Total charm cross section: open charm hadrons,
e.g. D0, D*, c, … or c,b e() + X
Hidden-charm mesons, e.g. J/ carry ~ 1 % of total charm
Statistics plot: H. Yang and Y. Wang, U Heidelberg.
46/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Plot: A. Shabetai
D0 π+ + K- Reconstruction
D0, cτ= 123 m
π+
K-
47/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Measure secondary decay vertex
Direct reconstruction of D0
address heavy-quark production with
1st year of data taking
Many other channels, e.g. D+, D*
Also: single-electrons from heavy-flavor
decays
Open Charm Performance
ALICE: PPR.vol.II, J. Phys. G 32 (2006) 1295.
Simulation: 109 p+p, 108 p+Pb, 107 Pb+Pb collisions
48/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
D* meson Identification
Qu
ickTim
e™
and
aTIF
F (
Uncom
pre
ssed
) de
com
pre
sso
rare
ne
ed
ed
to s
ee t
his
pic
ture
.
D*± analysis: Yifei Wang, Ph.D. thesis, University of Heidelberg, in preparation.
D*+ D0 + π+
Identify D*+
through
M[D*+ - D0]
Subtract resonance
decay to D0
Two different
methods to address
total charm
production
49/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Viele neue interessante Signale in ALICE bei LHC:
z.B.
Hadronen mit schweren Quarks
(charm und beauty)
D0, D+, D*, Ds, J/’,c b
XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Quarkonia
51/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Charmonium
Bound state of charm- and anti-charm quark
Hidden-charm meson
mJ/ = 3.1 GeV, rJ/ = 0.45 fm, mJ/' = 3.6 GeV, JP = 1- states
Minimum formation time τ = rJ/ / c = 0.45 fm
Charm-quark production at time scale tc~ 1/2mc 0.08 fm
Separation between initial production and hadronization (factorization)
52/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Debye Screening
53/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Quarkonia as a Thermometer
Check for melting of bottomonium (b-bbar)
at Tdeconfined 2 Tc
Check for melting of charmonium (c-cbar)
at Tdeconfined 1.2 Tc
Absolute numbers model-dependent Tfo:
54/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
J/ Production
suppression,compared to scaled p+p
regeneration,enhancement
Low energy (SPS): few ccbar quarks in the system suppression of J/
High energy (LHC): many ccbar pairs in the system enhancement of J/
Signal of de-confinement + thermalization of light
quarks !
(SPS)
P. Braun-Munzinger and J. Stachel, Nature 448 (2007) 302.
55/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Statistical Hadronization of Charm
large charm production at LHC
strong generation of J/
striking centrality dependence
Signature for QGP
formation !
Initial conditions at LHC ?
Need to measure total
charm production in PbPb
!
Assumes kinetic
equilbration of charm !
σcc
A. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, K. Redlich, J. Stachel, Phys. Lett. B 652 (2007) 259.
56/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Charmonium production
In central Pb+Pb collisions at
top SPS energy:
J/’ to J/ ratio approaches
thermal limit
Indicates kinetic equilibration of
charm
57/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Examples of the ALICE physics potential
- Open charm: D0 K- + π+ (already shown)
- Quarkonia: J/,
- Global event properties
Will be addressed in first year of pp collisions
58/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
First Physics with ALICE
Results from simulations 1 day of data taking Address:
- multiplicity- mean transverse momentum- hadro-chemistry
59/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Charmonia via Di-Electron Measurement
• electron ID with TPC and TRD• expect 2500 mesons per Pb+Pb year
with good mass resolution and S/B
Simulation: 2·108 central PbPb collisions
J/
c1 c2
Simulation: pp coll.
60/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
Heavy Flavor in Muon Channel
• muon channel: J/, +- (2.5 << 4) 60000 J/ and 2000
• initial sample sufficient to study production rates of J/ and states in muon channel
J/
b
61/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
LHC: Schedule
Nov 2009: 1st pp collisionsvery short run at 900 GeV
Long run of pp collisions at 7- 10 TeV
end of 2010: 3 - 4 weeks Pb+Pb collisions at 2.8 - 3.9 TeV
*short technical stop over Christmas period
62/62 XXIII Graduate Days, Heidelberg, 5 9 Oct, 2009 Kai Schweda
ALICE Ready for Physics !