Building Technology 121

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 121

Assignment no. 1

16 DIVISIONS OF BUILDING MATERIALS

Evangelista, Maecy C.

Architect Annie C. Pugeda

DEFINITION

16 Divisions refers to the 16 divisions of construction, as defined by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)'s MasterFormat. In 2004, MasterFormat was updated and expanded to 50 Divisions. The standard is the most widely used standard for organizing specifications and other written information for commercial and institutional building projects in the U.S. and Canada. It provides a master list of divisions, and section numbers and titles within each division, to follow in organizing information about a facility’s construction requirements and associated activities. Standardizing the presentation of such information improves communication among all parties involved in construction projects.

MASTERFORMAT 1995 EDITION

Before November 2004, MasterFormat was composed of 16 primary divisions: there are now 50 divisions.

Division 01 — General Requirements

Division 02 — Site Construction

Division 03 — Concrete

Division 04 — Masonry

Division 05 — Metals

Division 06 — Wood and Plastics

Division 07 — Thermal and Moisture Protection

Division 08 — Doors and Windows

Division 09 — Finishes

Division 10 — Specialties

Division 11 — Equipment

Division 12 — Furnishings

Division 13 — Special Construction

Division 14 — Conveying Systems

Division 15 — Mechanical

Division 16 — Electrical

INTRODUCTION

Specifications contain written information that is not shown on the plans but is necessary for the completion of the job. Specifications contain information on (1) procedures for starting the job, (2) meetings planned to schedule phases of construction, (3) how payments by the owner are to be made, (4) where equipment is to be stored until needed, (5) insurance that must be carried by the contractors, and (6) other details. On very small jobs where specifications consist of some ten or twelve pages, architects may print them on a plan sheet rather than binding them in a separate book that is included with a set of plans. In most cases, the specifications are written, printed, and bound into a book. Specifications are often referred to as “specs” in the office and on the job. The length of the specifications varies with the size and type of construction. If the job is small and simple, and if the construction is standard procedure, the specifications can be short. If the job is large and has many special features and necessary procedures, the description of procedures may be lengthy. Specifications written for federal government jobs are known for being long and detailed. The government dictates what is to be included in the specifications, and the specifications become elaborate because each item is described in great detail. In this chapter, the major divisions of a set of standard specifications will be listed, along with a brief discussion of each division. There are sixteen major divisions of specifications.

DIVISION 1—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

This division includes general administrative and technical provisions that may not be listed elsewhere and which may apply to more than one division. General requirements include contractual/ legal requirements, a summary of work to be done, an explanation of work to be performed later, a description of meetings to be held (construction coordination meetings, scheduling meetings, and progress meetings, for instance), quality control, and submittal. “Submittal” refers to catalog descriptions or “shop drawings” of equipment, which are submitted by the contractor for approval by the architect and/or engineer. Division 1 also includes a description of temporary facilities, preparation of the job site for construction, and details how the job is to be closed out when construction is completed. Listed in the General Requirements are such details as how many sets of construction plans are to be furnished to the construction contractor for the project. Professional organizations for architects and engineers have drawn up and published a standard section entitled “General Conditions” for use in the General Requirements division. These documents cover major topics similar to those listed above. Special items that pertain to a particular job are included in the Supplemental General Conditions that are written by the architect or engineer. Special laws or building code requirements are listed in the Supplemental General Conditions.

DIVISION 2—SITE WORK

Division 2 describes work to be done on the site, including soil testing, core drilling, standard penetration tests, and seismic exploration. All of these tests must be conducted, and the requirements are expressed in this division. The demolition of existing structures, materials, and debris is included in Division 2. The capping and removal of existing services is usually mentioned in this division even if the work is also included under the trade division. For example, the capping of an existing sewer line is mentioned in Division 2 and then is described in detail in Division 16 (plumbing). In addition, the site work division describes the various steps in the clearing of the site. Clearing of the site includes structure moving, clearing and grubbing of shrubs, tree removal, pruning, and tree relocation. Also described are grading and earthwork, grading and drainage, paving and surfacing, and landscaping. Site improvements such as fences, gates, guardrails, lighting, and irrigation systems (site watering systems) are also included in this division.

DIVISION 3—CONCRETE

All concrete work is described in this division. The major subdivisions included under Division 3 are concrete form work, expansion and contraction joints, cast-in-place concrete, specially placed concrete, and recast concrete.

DIVISION 4—MASONRY

Division 4 of the specifications deals with brick, stone, fire brick, glass brick, clay backing tile, and ceramic veneer. Related topics such as joint reinforcement, mortar, anchors and tie systems, masonry joints, control joints, and masonry accessories are also included.

DIVISION 5—METALS

The metals used in the building are specified under Division 5. If the building has a steel structure, the steel members are specified in this section. Metal roof decking, metal floor decking, and permanent metal forms are described in this section. Metal fabrications such as stairs, handrails, railings, gratings, castings, and lintels are included in this division. In some cases, ornamental metals are used for these fabrications and are described in detail in this section.

DIVISION 6—WOOD AND PLASTICS

Materials such as rough carpentry (framing), heavy timber construction, prefabricated structural wood, finished carpentry, and architectural woodwork (cabinets and built-in woodwork) are described in this division. Plastics are used in many ways in modern construction. This section of the specifications is devoted to such items as joists, studs, columns, beams, hangers, connecting devices, and other miscellaneous plastic items not specifically identified under other headings.

DIVISION 7—THERMAL AND MOISTURE

PROTECTION

Division 7 contains written descriptions of roofing materials, waterproofing materials, flashing and sheet metal trim, insulation, roof accessories, and sealants.

DIVISION 8—DOORS AND WINDOWS

Metal doors and frames, wood and plastic doors, entrances and storefronts, metal windows, special windows, wood and plastic windows, hardware and specialties, and glazing are the main areas of concern in Division 8.

DIVISION 9—FINISHES

Lath and plaster, gypsum wallboard, terrazzo, acoustical treatment, ceiling suspension systems, wood flooring finishes, carpeting, special flooring, floor treatment, painting, special coatings, and wall covering are found in this division of the specifications.

DIVISION 10—SPECIALTIES

Division 10 of the specifications is a catch-all section. If items required for the construction do not fall under the other divisions of the specifications, they are usually found in Division 10. Typical items in this division are chalkboards and tackboards, louvers and vents, grilles and screens, pest control, fireplaces, flagpoles, lockers, storage shelving, directional signage, and sun control devices.

DIVISION 11—EQUIPMENT

Division 11 lists equipment which is normally furnished and installed by the general contractor as a part of the construction of the building. Equipment described in this division includes maintenance equipment, bank and vault equipment, food service equipment, vending equipment, athletic equipment, laundry equipment, library equipment, medical equipment, waste handling equipment, and loading dock equipment.

DIVISION 12—FURNISHINGS

Major headings in this division are artwork, window treatment, fabrics, furniture, rugs and mats, and furnishing accessories.

DIVISION 13—SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION

The description and necessary information for constructing special areas are given in this division. Special construction areas include clean rooms, operating rooms in hospitals, incinerators, instrumentation rooms, nuclear reactors, radiation treatment rooms, sound and vibration rooms, vaults, and swimming pool spaces.

DIVISION 14—CONVEYING SYSTEMS

Dumbwaiters, elevators, hoists and cranes, lifts, material handling systems, moving stairs and walks, and pneumatic tube systems are typical items described in Division 14.

DIVISION 15—MECHANICAL

Division 15 covers information on air conditioning, ventilating and heating in a building. The mechanical division of the specifications generally has major sections consisting of general provisions (general description of the work, procedures, etc.) basic materials and methods, equipment, air distribution, piping, insulation, controls, and instrumentation.

Note: Plumbing specifications are also included in the standard mechanical specification division; however, many engineers now write plumbing specifications as a separate division. With plumbing as Division 16, electrical becomes Division 17.

DIVISION 16—ELECTRICAL

The electrical division usually consists of general provisions, basic materials and methods, power generation, power transmission, power service and distribution, lighting, special systems, communications, controls, and instrumentation.

PLUMBING

Plumbing is included in the Mechanical division. Major sections consist of general provisions (general description of the work, procedures. and so forth), basic materials and methods, equipment, piping systems and services, and insulation. Plumbing also includes fire protection (sprinklers) and special services such as medical gases, fuel gases, compressed air, and process piping systems.

RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY

The responsibility for the design and all calculations for the construction project lies with the registered architect and registered engineer. After satisfactorily fulfilling the registration requirements, architects and engineers are granted professional seals to be placed on all plans they are responsible for. Seals are also required on the title page of the specifications.

With registration, the architect and the engineer assume, by law, responsibility for all work done by employees working under their guidance. In most cases these professionals carry liability insurance to protect them against possible financial ruin if a design failure should occur. In the specifications, the architect and the engineer create a legal document with specific instructions to workers and construction technicians as to how the construction is to be performed. Specifications must be carefully written and followed to protect against poor workmanship, which could cause problems during and after construction.

List of building materialsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Building materials used in the construction industry to create buildings and structures.

These categories of materials and products are used by American architects and construction project managers to

specify the materials and methods used for building projects.

Catalogs distributed by architectural product suppliers are typically organized into these groups.

Material (articles) refer to: Category

Compressed earth block, mud brick, rammed earth Category:Appropriate technology

Concrete Category:Concrete

Conveying systems

Elevator or "lift"

Escalator

Category:Vertical transportation devices

Composites Category:Composite materials

Thermal protection Category:Thermal protection

Moisture protection Category:Moisture protection

Doors

Stile and rail, raised panel, wood clad

Access, sliding glass doors, tambour

Folding doors, garage door, storefront

Door hardware

Category:Doors

Electrical systems and equipment Category:Electrical systems

Surface finishing

Plaster & gypsum board

Cement render

Ceramic tile, quarry tile, pavers, mosaic

Dropped ceiling, coffered ceiling

Flooring - wide plank, terrazzo, carpet

Category:Finishes

also "gyp-board" or "drywall"

Category:Tiles

Category:Roofs

Category:Ceilings

Category:Floors

Wall covering, wallpaper, acoustic

Paint, wood stain, faux finishing

Staff

Category:Walls

House painting

Fire suppression equipment Category:Fire suppression

Furnishings Category:Furniture

HVAC (Heating, ventilation and air conditioning) Category:HVAC

Masonry, mortar (masonry), grout

Adobe, brick, glass brick, terra cotta

Artificial stone

Cinder block or concrete block

Stone dry stacked or mortar set

Urbanite, broken-up concrete

Category:Masonry

Category:Bricks

also: "Concrete Masonry Units" (CMU)

Category:Stone

Metals

Structural steel: I-beam & column

Rebar

Wire rope and cables

Metal joist, decking, framing, trusses

Metal fabrications

Stairway, ladder, railing, grating, Strut channel

Decorative metal

Category:Metals

"Openings" include Doors & Windows Category:Doors

Plastics Category:Plastics

Plumbing fixtures and equipment Category:Plumbing

Building safety Category:Building safety

Security systems Category:Security

Specialties Category:Architectural specialties

Telecommunications equipment Category:Telecommunications

Wood, carpentry

Rough carpentry (unfinished)

Heavy timbers, log home, post and beam

Engineered wood, dimensional lumber

Stud, joist, rafter

Treated lumber & wood decking

Category:Wood

Category:woodworking

see also: List of woods

Sheathing, subflooring, panelling

Plywood, shiplap, tongue and groove

Oriented strand board

Parallel strand lumber or "para-lam"

Glue-laminate or "glue-lam"

Finish carpentry or "architectural woodwork"

Veneer, plastic laminate, wood panel

"Case goods"

Millwork, bookcase, cabinets

Ornamental woodwork

Trim, molding or "moulding"

Chair rail, baseboard, casing, sill

Windows

Casement, double hung, bay window

Curtainwall, skylight, dormer

Category:Windows

Bricks Nails

Adobe bricks Steel bldg materials

Plywood Lanar

Stone stairs Doors

Lumber Window

References:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_Divisions

http://e-book.lib.sjtu.edu.cn/print%20reading/Dusek/Chapter%2016.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_building_materials

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_building_materials


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_Divisions


Assignment no. 1


Garcia, Marjorie Joy P.



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Zipagan, Eulyssa D.



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DIVISION 16—ELECTRICALThe electrical division usually consists of general provisions, basic materials and methods,

power generation,power transmission, power service and distribution, lighting, special systems, communications, controls, and instrumentation.

Ref:http://e-book.lib.sjtu.edu.cn/print%20reading/Dusek/Chapter%2016.pdf


Ref:http://e-book.lib.sjtu.edu.cn/print%20reading/Dusek/Chapter%2016.pdf


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Building Technology 121