Building Systems by Stora Ensoassets.storaenso.com/se/buildingandliving/ProductServicesDocuments… · 2 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO ... • A clear framework for the development

Building Systems by Stora Enso 38 Storey Modular Element Buildings

B U I L D I N G SYST EM S BY STO R A EN S O | 3 8 STO R E Y M O D U L A R EL EM EN T B U I L D I N G S2

Table of contents1 Introduction and disclaimer.......................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 41.2 Thebenefitsofthesystem .................................................................................................. 51.3 Disclaimer ........................................................................................................................... 5

2 AnatomyoftheStoraEnsomodularbuildingsystem .................................................................. 62.1 Anatomyofamodularbuilding ........................................................................................... 72.2 Anatomyofamodularelement ........................................................................................... 82.3 Elementsystemsinthefieldofconstructiontechnologies ................................................ 9

3 Architecturaldesignguidelines .................................................................................................. 10

4 BuildingSystembyStoraEnso ...................................................................................................174.1 Structuralcomponentsofthemodularsystem ................................................................ 184.2 Manufacturingprocessofthemodularelements ............................................................ 194.3 Principlesofbuildingacoustics ........................................................................................ 204.4 Principlesoffiredesign .................................................................................................... 214.5 Principlesofcontrollingdeformationsandcracking ........................................................ 234.6 PrinciplesofHVACdesign ................................................................................................ 254.7 Bracingsystemsofmodularbuildings ............................................................................. 264.8 Principlesofseismicsafety .............................................................................................. 274.9 Erection procedure sequence .......................................................................................... 28

5 Structuraldesign ........................................................................................................................ 295.1. Structuraltypes ................................................................................................................ 305.2. Structural details............................................................................................................... 51

6 Transportationandinstructionsforon-siteassembly ............................................................... 866.1 Transportationofmodularelements ................................................................................ 876.2 Principlesoferection ........................................................................................................ 87

6.2.1 General .................................................................................................................. 876.2.2 Installationofmodularelements ........................................................................... 87

6.3 Protectionon-site ............................................................................................................. 876.3.1 Moisture control ..................................................................................................... 876.3.2Personsinchargeofthemoisturecontrol ............................................................. 876.3.3Moisturecontrolplanandemployeeengagement ................................................ 876.3.4Assuranceofmoisturetechnicalqualityincaseofmoisturedamage .................. 88

6.4 Protectionofstructuresandmaterialon-site ................................................................... 886.4.1 Protectionofwallsinmodularelements ................................................................ 886.4.2Protectionofroofsinmodularelements ............................................................... 88

6.4.3Managementoftheindoorconditions................................................................... 896.4.4 Inspectionstobemadebeforeinstallationoffinishes .......................................... 89

7 Sustainability .............................................................................................................................. 907.1 StoraEnsobuildingsolutionsforsustainablehomes ...................................................... 91

7.1.1 Responsiblysourcedrenewablewoodforlowcarbonbuildingsolutions ............ 917.1.2 Energyefficientandlowcarbonhomes ................................................................ 92

7.2 OccupanthealthandwellbeingIndoorclimateandthermalcomfort ........................... 927.3 ElementsoflifecycledesigninCLTandLVL9basedbuildings ........................................ 937.4 Certificationofsustainableandlowcarbonhomes ......................................................... 93

8 Stora Enso .................................................................................................................................. 94

3 B U I L D I N G SYST EM S BY STO R A EN S O | 3 8 STO R E Y M O D U L A R EL EM EN T B U I L D I N G S

1 Introduction and disclaimer


1.1 IntroductionThismanualdescribestheStoraEnsomodularelementsystemforwoodenmulti-storeyresidentialbuildings.Itisintendedfordesigners,contractors,buildingownersand developers.

ThecoreofthesystemareStoraEnsosstructuralwallpanelsandfloorslabs,whichformthestrongandstableload-bearingstructureofeachmodularelement.Theelementsarebuiltincontrolledfactoryconditionsanddeliveredtothesitewithallfinishingmaterialsandcomponentsinstalled.Thetechnologyprovideshightechnicalperformanceandoutstandingquality.Theseelementsenableanindustrialmethodofconstructionthatreducesassemblytimeonsiteandminimizestheneedforfinishingworkonsite.

Thebuildingsystemisflexibleandcanbeadjustedtovariousmarketandcustomerrequirementsdependingonlocalneeds.Adjustmentsmightinclude:

Architectural considerations Typologyandscaleofthebuilding Unitandroomlayouts Customerdemandsorlocalmarketfactors

Engineeringconsiderations Localperformancerequirements(acoustics,fireprotection,thermalinsulation,etc.) Localcoderequirements(definedbyrelevantbuildingauthorities) Levelofpre-fabrication(interiorsandfaades)

ThismanualoffersagoodoverviewofcommonEuropeanstructuresandbuildingtypes,butitshouldalsoprovideinspirationfornewideasandexperiments.

DetaileddesigninstructionsandstructuraldrawingscanbedownloadedfromthewebpagesofStoraEnsoBuildingSolutions.


1.2 ThebenefitsofthesystemThesystemoffersbenefitsforallpartiesinbuildingprocess.

Forarchitects,itprovides Systemsandmaterialsthatenablehighindustrialqualityofexteriorand

interior architecture Asystemofassemblythatallowsproducts,structuresandshapestobe easilycombined

Safesolutionsandproventechnologiestofulfiltherequirementsof buildingauthorities

Aclearframeworkforthedevelopmentofthebuildingdesign

Forengineersitprovides Aneasy,safeanddependablesystemfordesign Proven structural details Clearlydefinedperformancevaluesforstructures Aclearsystemandguidelinesforbracingthebuilding Qualitysupportmaterialsanddesigntools Structuraldetailsavailablefordownload Amanualandsoftwareforstructuralcalculations

Forcontractorsandindustryitprovides Safesolutions:testedandproveninstructionsforthewholebuildingprocess Fastassemblytimes Aprovenstructuralsystem Readysolutionseasycostanddesignmanagement Industrialcomponentswithfactoryprecisionlessfinishingworkonsite Nodryingorcuringtimes Lightweightstructuresthatreduceoreliminatetheneedforheavyliftingequipment

Forownersandoccupantsitprovides Costefficiency Moderndesignwithvisiblewoodeninteriorsurfaces(inaccordancewith localfirerequirements)

Healthylivingwithnaturalmaterials Energyefficiencylowheatingandcoolingcostsforthewholebuilding Ecologicalbenefits;lowenergyconsumptionandalowercarbonfootprint Technicallysafeanddurablesolutions

For developers it provides Ashortconstructionphaselesstimetowaitoninvestmentreturns Anattractiveproductformodernandenvironmentallyconsciouscustomers Asystemthatcanbecustomizedforvaryingappearances,buildingtypesandsizes Industrialqualityallcriticalphaseshavebeenbuiltincontrolledcircumstances Anattractiveobjectofinvestmentforenvironmentallyconsciouspersons

1.3 DisclaimerThemanualismeantforpreliminarydesignofbuildingsandstructures.

Useofthestructuralsolutions[andreferencevalues]shownheredoesnotreplacetheneedforfinaldesignandcalculationsbyresponsibledesign-ers(includingbutnotlimitedtostructural,acoustic,fireorbuildingphysicsexperts).Allsolutionsanddetailsusedinconstructionmustbereviewed,verifiedandapprovedbytheresponsibledesignersoftheproject.Con-formancewithlocalbuildingregulationsmustbeconfirmedbytherespon-sibledesigners.Designdetailsaresubjecttochange.

StoraEnsodoesnotgiveanywarrantiesorundertakingsabouttheaccu-racy,validity,timelinessorcompletenessofanyinformationordatainthismanualandexpresslydisclaimsanywarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforparticularpurpose.InnoeventwillStoraEnsobeliableforanydirect,special,indirect,consequentialincidentaldamagesordamagesofanykindcausedbytheuseofthismanual.

ManualCopyrightStoraEnso.


2 Anatomy of the Stora Enso modular building system


2.1 Anatomyofamodularbuilding Readymodulesandoptimizeddetailsfasterectiontime Stiffandrigidcentralcore Thesystemcanbelocalizedtomeetlocalbuildingtraditionandrequirements Firesafetywithmassivewoodandfireprotectivesurfacelayers Acousticperformancewithengineeredstructuraldetailsandacousticlayers

Concretegroundfloor/Basement/Foundation

commercial/multipurposespaces storages/technicalrooms constructed on site

Room modules

prefabricated

Technical modules

prefabricated

Faade

assembledinfactoryoronsite differentfaadematerialsarepossible

Additionalelements(balconyzone)

prefabricatedelements technicallypossibletousedifferentbalconytypes railings/glazing

HVACinstallations/Verticalshafts

assembled on site

Surfacestructures

finishedonsiteaftertechnicalinstallations

Additional elements

faadepanels

Centralcorridor(assembledonsite)

massivewoodslabs,beamsandstairways

Roof

prefabricatedelements/constructedonsite

Elevatorshaft

massivewood notelocalfireregulations

SE DESIGN MANUAL 18.1.2016ARCH DESIGN GUIDELINE / SKETCH

MODULAR SYSTEMPOSSIBILITIES AND BENEFITS OF THE SYSTEMRELATED TO REPETITION AND VARIATION

AMODULE VARIATION: A REPETITION: 1 x A...n X A

MODULE VARIATION: A-B-C-D-E-F-G... REPETITION: -

A + B A + B + C A + B + C + D + E + F + G ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP...

MAXIMAL REPETITIONMINIMAL VARIATION OF ELEMENTSSIMPLICITY

TYPICAL EXAMPLES:-HOTELS-SMALL APARTMENT HOUSING-STUDENT HOUSING

TYPICAL EXAMPLES:-EXCLUSIVE HOUSING-SPECIAL PROJECTS

TYPICAL EXAMPLES:-NORMAL MULTI STOREY HOUSING

UNLIMITED VARIATION OF ELEMENTSMINIMAL REPETITIONCOMPLEXITY

OPTIMAL VARIATION OF ELEMENTS AND REPETITION OF MODULES DEFINED BY PROJECT DESIGN

- BENEFITS IN BETTER PROJECT ECONOMICS- MORE QUALITY IN ARCHITECTURE / APARTMENT LAYOUT


2.2 Anatomyofamodularelement Prefabricatedinfactoryconditions Readysurfaces,technicalinstallationsandfixedfurniture Basicmodules:

roommodule(livingroom,bedroom,diningroom,workspace) technicalmodule(kitchen,bathroom,toilet)

Firesafetywithmassivewoodandfireprotectivesurfacelayers Acousticperformancewithengineeredstructuraldetailsandacousticlayers

Faade

installedinfactory/onsite freechoiceofmaterials(notelocalbuildingregulations)

Insulation

Fixedfurniture

Load-bearingwallpanels(CLT)

highload-bearingcapacity

Non-load-bearingpartitionwalls

HVACinstallations,cover

Surfacestructure(wall)

notelocalbuildingregulations

Moduleroofslab(CLT)

Completedmodular element

Doors,windows

Surfacestructure(floor)


2.3 Elementsystemsinthefieldofconstructiontechnologies

Benefitsofmassivewoodstructure

Goodload-bearingcapacity Even8to10storeys

possible

Stabile and clear structure Easyliftingtechnology Easyandsecure

connections

Tightandmassive Hightechnical performance

Cross-layerstructure Easytomake openings

Buildingcomponents Prefabrication Dimensions Complexity Construction

BUILDING ON SITEBuildingproducts Lowgradeofprefabrication Nolimitationsinsize Demandingandunique

shapesLongconstructionphase

ELEMENT

Factoryfinished2dsurfaces Highgradeofprefabrication Widerangeofpossible dimensions

Repetitionofpanelsand slabs

Shorter construction phase

MODULAR ELEMENT

Factoryfinished3delements Extremelyhighgradeof prefabrication

Limited dimensions Repetitionofmodularunits Shortest construction phase


3 Architectural design guidelines


























ModularsystemPossibilitiesandbenefitsofthesystemrelatedtorepetitionandvariation

Maximalrepetitionwithminimalvariationofmodular elements

Typicalexamples: hotels smallapartmenthousing studenthousing elderlyhomes

Modulevariation:ARepetition:1AnA

A A + B A+B+C A+B+C+D+E+F+G ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP

Optimal variation and repetitionofmodularelementsdefinedbyprojectdesign

Benefitsinprojecteconomicsandarchitecturalquality

Typicalexamples: normalmulti-storeyhousing

Unlimitedvariationofmodularelementswithminimal repetition

Typicalexamples: exclusivehousing specialprojects

Modulevariation:ABCDEFGRepetition:


ThefollowingguidelinesaremeanttohelparchitectsapplytheStoraEnsosystemtotheparticularneedsofvarioustypesofmulti-storeyhousing.Thesebasicprinciplesmaybeappliedinanyorderaccordingtotheparticularneedsoftheproject.However,distributionofmodularroomandtechnicalelementsshouldbeconsideredandappliedinearlystageofdesign.

DefinetheurbanscaleMassingStrategyandBuildingVolume

Inthepreliminarydesignphases,theurbanscaleandmassoftheprojectaredefined.Thesizeofthevolumesmayvaryfromlargeurbanblockstosmallerapartmenthouses.Dependingontheparticularsiteandsurroundings,thearchitectcanconsiderandproposevaryingtypologiesforthewholeprojectorforspecificbuildings.

DefinethebuildingtypologyFootprint,UnitDistributionandVerticalCirculation

Thefootprintofthebuildingaswellasthedistributionoflivingunits,shapeandpositionoftheverticalaccesscoreformthebasicparametersofthebuildingstructure.Asymmetricallayoutwithacentralcorewilloptimizetheload-bearingstructuresandshearwalls,improvingtheeconomicsoftheproject.

Variationsinbuildingfootprintandlocationoftheverticalaccesscore

Variationsinunittypesandmoduledistribution

Casestudyexample:Centralcorridorblockwithsixunitsperfloor

Casestudyexample:8-storeycentralcorridorblock

WET AREA ZONE / POSSIBILITIES

VERTICAL SHAFTS / INSTALLATIONS

BATHROOM / TOILET

KITCHEN

WET AREA ZONE / POSSIBILITIES

VERTICAL SHAFTS / INSTALLATIONS

BATHROOM / TOILET

KITCHEN


Fullyequippedfloorplan

Verticalshafts/installationsTechnical module Bathroom/toiletKitchen

Shearwalls Load-bearingwalls

Room moduleTechnical module

A A B B

D D E E

D D F F

D D

D D

C C A A

A A

A A

StoraEnsosstructuralwallpanelsandfloorslabsformtheload-bearingstructureofeachmodularelement.Theelementsarebuiltincontrolledfactoryconditionsanddeliveredtothesitewithallfinishingmaterialsandcomponentsinstalled.

Non-load-bearingpartitionwallsinsidemodulesmaybepositionedfreelyaccordingtothearchitecturallayoutoftheunits.Otherelementssuchaswindows(framed,glazingsystems),door(hinged,sliding),balconies(recessed,cantilevered)andfixedfurnitureelementsareallpossibleaccordingtothearchitecturalneedsanddesign. Surfacesandfinishesforinteriorandexteriorstructuresofthemodulescanbedefinedindividuallyforeachprojectinaccordancewitharchitecturaldesign,technicalneedsandlocal requirements.

Exactboundaryrulesformodularelementsarenotpossibleasrulesarebothfactoryandcountryspecific.Elementdimensionsarelimitedbythesizeoftheproductionlineandtransport,whereasweightislimitedbytheliftingcapacityinthefactoryandonthebuildingsite.

Seechapter4and5forfurtherinformation.

Thebuildingsystemconsistsoffactorymademodularelementsandadditionalelementsassembledonsite.Prefabricatedadditionalelementssuchascorridors(slabs,beams,columns,stairways),androofareinstalledsimultaneouslywithmoduleerectionphase.Forexample,awidevarietyofbalconiesispossibleaccordingtothearchitecturalneedsandstructuraldesign.

Seechapter4and5forfurtherinformation.

StructuralprinciplesandbearingelementsModularElements,ShearWallsandLoad-bearingWalls

Modularelementsformthebaseofload-bearingandshearingstructuralsystem.Corewallsandwallsbetweenapartmentsareusuallythemostsuitableforuseasshearandload-bearingstructures.However,evenlongshearwallpanelsmaystillhaveopeningsordoorsdependingondetailedstructuralcalculations.

Load-bearingouterwallsandslabsofthemodulesaredesignedtoachieveoptimalspansandusuallyeliminatetheneedforload-bearingelementsinsidethemodularunits.Thedirectionofthemodularelementsdefineswhichfaadeswillhaveincreasedflexibilityforlargerandmorefrequentopenings.

Seechapter4forfurtherinformation.

Modularelements(factorymade)

Variableandadditionalelements(onsite)Corridorsandstairways,Elevatorshafts,RoofsandBalconies

WetzonesandtechnicalshaftsBaths,Toilets,KitchensandTechnicalInstallations

Inoptimallayouts,technicalinstallationshaftsarelocatedaroundtheverticalcoreforeasymaintenanceandmanagement.Wetzonesandtechnicalmodulesshouldalsobesituatednexttoinstallationshafts.Prefabricatedsanitaryortechnicalunitsinsidemodulesareallpossible.Specificlocationsforbaths,toiletsandkitchensmayvaryinsidethesetechnicalmodules.Longhorizontaldrainlinesandverticallinesorshaftsthroughelementsshouldbeavoided.

Seechapter4forfurtherinformation.


ApartmentlayoutApartmentsconsistofoneormultiplemodules,dependingonhousing typology.Insingle-moduleapartmentssanitaryunitandtechnicalsystemsareallinone,socalledtechnicalorwetmodule.Indoubleormulti-module apartmentsdryroommodulesareaddedandconnectedtothetechnicalmoduletoachievelargerunits.

Standard modules

Room module

Technical module

Sanitaryunit

Cantilevered/recessed modules

Cantilevered balconies

Balcony zone

Flatroof Pitchedroof Shedroof Rooftop terrace

Suspended balconies

Recessed balconies

Freestanding balconytowers

Modular element variations

Modularelementscanbevariedwithinabuilding Notethatcantileveredelementsmayrequirecolumns,dependingontheopeningsandthecantileverlength.

Single-moduleapartment

Double-moduleapartment

Multi-moduleapartment

Balconies

Differentbalconytypesandotheradditionalelementsarepossibleaccordingtothearchitecturaldesign.

Upperfloor/Roofstructures

Upperfloorapartmentsandroofstructurecanbevariedaccordingtothearchitecturaldesign.

Modularsystemvariations

Room moduleTechnical module


Generalfloorplan(3.-8.)

A

A

B

B

C C

D D

Casestudyexample:Centralstairwaywithsixunitsperfloor

Cross-sectiona-a

Cross-sectionc-c Cross-sectiond-dCross-sectionb-b

Rendered elevations



4 Building System by Stora Enso


4.1 Structuralcomponentsofthemodularsystem

ThecoreoftheStoraEnsomodularelementconsistsofmassivewoodpanels,whichoperatesimultaneouslyasthebearingstruc-tureandthesolidenvelopeoftheapartment.Inmostcasesitisalsopossiblethatsomeofthemassivewoodpanelsfunctionasvisibleinteriorsurfaces.

Thereareseveralfactorsthatdeterminethemaximumsizeofthemodularelement.Thedimensionsofthemodularelementsarelimitedby: maximumproductionsizesofmassivewoodpanels eachcountryssizelimitsforroadtransportation spatiallimitationsofthemanufacturingenvironment maximumweightofthemodularelement.

Themodularelementmustbelightenoughtobehandledandliftedbothinthefactoryandonthesite.Themaximumweightofthemodularelementdependsonthecapacityoftheavailableliftingequipment.Noticethatmodularelementswithsanitaryfacilitiesareheavier in relation to the volume.

Theapartmentusuallyconsistsofoneortwomodularelements.Thetechnicalmodule(ontheleft)includesthesanitaryfacilitiesandmostofthebuildingservicesequipmentoftheapartment.Toformbiggerapartmentswithmorebedroomsandlivingspace,theapartmentcanbeenlargedwitharoommodule(ontheright).

* Maximumdimensionsaccordingtotransportation,manufacturingandliftingrequirements. Also note the production dimensionsofmassivewoodpanels.

Max.width*

Massive wood slabs

Massive wood walls

Max.width*

Massivewoodslabs or rib slabs

Open modular element requires supportsduetoliftingandassembly

Aprefabricatedsanitaryunitorin-situconstructedsanitaryfacilities

60100 mm

Max.width: note the productiondimensionsof panels

Max.width: note the productiondimensionsofpanels

Max.height:note the production dimensions ofpanels

Max.width: note the productiondimensions ofpanels

100180 mm

10016

0 mm

Max.len

gth*


4.2 Manufacturingprocessofthemodularelements

Massivewoodpanelsareorderedwithreadycut-outsandedgeformings.

Thewallandslabelementsareconnectedtoformamodularelement.

Thepanelsareequippedwithinsulation,sheetings,framestructuresetc.

Buildingservicesequipment,interiorsurfacesandfixturesareinstalledintothemodule.

Theslabandwallelementsarereadyto be connected to each other.

Readymodularelementiswrappedand transported to the site.

Wall elements

Modular elements

Slab elements


4.3 PrinciplesofbuildingacousticsInordertocontrolunwantednoiseandvibrations,acousticdesigncoversawiderangeoffactorsfromthevibrationofthebuildingframetoconnectiondetailsthataffectflankingtrans-missionbetweenroomsandapartments.

Theexamplebuildingisdesignedtoaddressfourmainacousticchallenges:airbornesound,impactsound,flankingtransmis-sionandplumbingnoise.Formoreinformationseeadditionalliteratureandcontactlocalauthoritiestodeterminespecificrequirementsforyourproject.Acousticvaluesgiveninthismanualarecalculatedonthebasisofstructuraltypesand typicalmaterialvalues.

Impact noise insulation

Airborne sound

Flanking

Plumbing noise

Sound insulation in connections

1),3)

2)

1)

3)

4)

2)

Direct sound path

Direct sound pathTheenergyofairbornesoundwavesisreducedbythelayeredstructureoftheconstruction.

Sound flanking pathWhen direct contact to the load-bearingframe

Sound flanking pathWhen indirect contact to theload-bearingframe

Acousticaldesignofstructuresaccordingtolocalrequirements

Allconnectionsbetweenseparateapartments require vibration pads

improves sound insulation and reducesflankingtransmission

Vibrationpad

improves sound insulation andreducesflanking

Separatedlayerstructures

floorstructuresseparatedfromtheload-bearingframe

separatedwallstructuresfordifferentapartments

reducesflankingtransmissionto other apartments

Plumbingisisolatedfromtheframewithinsulatedhangers

reduces sound transmission to the apartment

Mainplumbinglinesatthecorridor

reduces noise to the apartment

CorridorApartment

Floatingsurfacestructure

reduces impact sound

Insulation

sound absorption

Separatedload-bearingstructures

reducesflanking

4)


4.4 PrinciplesoffiredesignRequirementsforfiresafetyvarydependingonlocation,buildingtypeanduse.Checkspecificrequirementsforyourprojecttoconfirm compliancewithlocalandnationalregulations.SomebasicprinciplesforfiresafetyrequirementsarecommonacrossEurope: Occupantsshallbeabletoleavethebuildingsorberescued Thesafetyofrescueteamsshallbetakenintoaccount Load-bearingstructuresshallresistfirefortherequiredminimumdurationoftime

Thegenerationandspreadoffireandsmokeshallbelimited Thespreadoffireto neighbouringbuildingsshallbelimited

Followingtheseprinciples,buildingcomponentsmustmeetthe followingrequirements: Reactiontofire

Describesthecontributionofbuildingmaterialstofire VerificationwithclassificationaccordingtoEN13501-1

Fire resistance Describestheresistanceofbuildingcomponentsincaseoffire VerificationwithclassificationaccordingtoEN13501-2 orcalculationaccordingtoEN1995-1-2

Principlesconcerninghowtoprovidefireresistancewithlayups basedonmassivewood: Principle1:Exposedmassivewood

noadditionalprotectionlayersonmassivewood;fullfire resistanceprovidedbymassivewood

Principle2:Limitedencapsulationmassivewoodwithfire-protectivelayersonit;massivewood isallowedtochar

Principle3:Completeencapsulationmassivewoodwithfire-protectivelayersonit;massivewood isnotallowedtochar

Seeliteratureandlocalauthoritiesformoreinformation www.clt.info

Solid wall

Solid wall protected with surface layers

Solid wall protected with surface layers

Solid wall

Surfacematerial

D-s2

Fire resistance REI60120

Fireresistanceoftheresidualcross-section

Surfacematerial

A2-s1,d0Protection coverK230


Protectivelayers Fireresistanceoftheresidualcross-section

Sprinklerin

intermediatefloor

Smokedetectorin ceiling

Smoke detectorSprinkler

Extinguishingandrescue

ExampleoffiresafetydetailingNote national rules

Firesafetyoftheload- bearingstructures


Fireresistanceof the residual cross-section

Surfacematerial

A2-s1,d0 ProtectioncoverK230 residualcross-section

Floor structure

Surfacematerial

A2-s1,d0 ProtectioncoverK230


Protectivelayers Fireresistanceoftheresidualcross-section

Surfacematerial

D-s2


Fireresistanceoftheresidualcross-section

3)

4) 4)

2) 3)

2)

1)

1)

5)1)

2)

6)

4)


Fire resistance of load-bearing walls

Referencewallscalculatedinthismanual 4 or 7 timber stories above the concrete structures (loadfrom4or7storiesandroof)

Spanoffloor4.4m

Note:Thesearesamplecalculationsandmustbeconfirmedinacom-pletefiresafetydesign.

1. Definethefiredesignloads(accordingEN1990,EN1991,EN1995).

Examplesoffiresafetydetailing

Checkcompliancewithnationalregulations

Firesealing

Alljointsneedtobesealed

Eave(incaseofpitchedroof)

Concrete

Snowload

Protectivelayer

Charredlayer

60/90minResidualcross-section

Live load

Dead load

7 timber stories

4 timber stories

4400 mm 4400 mm

5) A

C

B

D

6)

Fire protection board

Horizontalfirebarrierinventilatingslot

Firebarrierpreventsfirefromverticalfirespreadinandonfaades

Horizontalfirebarrierinventilatingslot

Firebarrierpreventsfirefromverticalfirespreadinandonfaades

4 stories 7 stories

Wallmark A B C D

Totalfiredesignload(kN/m) 46.7 43.7 78.5 73.2

2. Definethefireresistanceofprotectivelayers.

3.Definecharringdepth:Requireddurationoffireresistance -tch-tf(protectivelayers).

4. Load-bearingcapacityoftheresidualcross-sectionwithloadsdefinedin(1)shallbecalculated.


1. Deformations

Deformationsderivefromthematerialpropertiesoftimberandpropertiesofthestructuralsystem.Dimen-sionalchangesarecausedbymoisturedeformation,creepingandcompression.

Swelling and shrinkage of wood

CLT Inthepanellayer:0.02%changeinlengthforeach1%changeintimbermoisturecontent

Perpendiculartothepanellayer: 0.24%changeinlengthforeach1%changeintimbermoisturecontent

Moisture content ManufacturemoistureofCLTis1014% ManufacturemoistureofLVLis810% Airhumiditychangesbetween~RH2060% Timbermoisturecontentchangesbetween713%

Modulus of elasticity

CLT Paralleltothegrain12,500MPa Perpendicular to the grain370MPa

4.5 Principlesofcontrollingdeformationsandcracking

Servicelimitstateloadfromthetwoabovemodularelementsandtheroof

Totalsettling4.8mmforonestorey

F=30kN/m

F=30kN/m

12 mm

2950 mm

2950 mm

F=30kN/m

F=30kN/m

50.02%

50.024%

1015%

u = 1.6 mmElasticdeformationwithcreep

E~0.510MPaModulusofelasticity

E=12,500MPaModulusofelasticityparalleltothegrain

Vibration pad

CLT wall panel

CLT ceiling panel(ifsituatedbetweenthewallpanels)

5%changteinmoisture content

u = 1.0 mm u = 0.2 mmElasticdeformationwithcreep

E = 370 MPaModulusofelasticityperpendicular tothegrain

5%changeinmoisture content

u = 3.0 mm

F=30kN/m

u = 0.2 mmElasticdeformationwithcreep

LVL Paralleltothegrain10,000-13,800MPa

Perpendiculartothegrain130-2400MPa

Creep and fatigue

Creepoftimberandvibrationpad increasessettling.

Structural system challenges

Thevibrationpadlocatesbetweenthewallpanelsandasignificantpartof settlingoccursinthislayer.Ifthe ceilingpanelalsolocatesbetween thewallpanels,thedeformation isevenbigger.


Cracking

Woodcrackswhenitexceedsthelimitofthetensionstressperpendiculartothegrain.Normalcracksareincludedindesignprinci-ples.

Mainreasonsforpropagationofcracks exceedingtensionstressesduetouncontrolleddryingforexampleon-site

moisturedeformationsofwoodforexamplefromsummertowinter

2. Connections

Deformationshavetobeconsideredwhendesigningtheconnections.Deformationscauseforexampleslottedholestosteelparts.Verticaldeformationisthelargestprob-lemforupliftconnections.Whensettlingoccurs,thetensionrodloosens.Ithastoberetightenedortherehastobeasystemwhichreducestheeffectsofthedeformations.

RapiddryingmaycausevisualcracksonCLTsurfaces

Tensionrodcanbetightenedwhensettlingoccurs

Pipingconnectionwhichallowssettling

Slotted holes in the steel part

3. HVAC

Settlinghastobeconsideredinverticalpiping.


4.6 PrinciplesofHVACdesignThegoaloftheHVACdesignistoprovidethermalcomfortandoptimalindoorairquality.Thissectiondescribesthemainplumbingroutesforacentralizedventilationsystem.

Themainroutesofventilationductsgothroughsuspendedceil-ingsinthehorizontaldirectionandthroughplumbingcavitiesinthevertical direction. These cavities are located in the corridors in or-dertoreduceplumbingnoise.Thegoalistoachievesimple,shortrouteswithoutneedfordifficultholesthroughbuildingstructures.

Centralizedventilation

Fresh airExhaustairSewage

A

A A

A

Options for pipe locations:

A) Pipesinsuspendedceiling,firecompartmentborderinceiling

B) Pipesbetweenmodularelements, firecompartmentborderinceiling

Note:penetrationthroughbeamsrequirescarefuldesign

C)Pipesbetweenmodularelements, firecompartmentborderinfloor

Fireproofsealing Fireproofsealing


4.7 Bracingsystemsofmodular buildings

Based on modular elements Localloadings,conditionsandregulationsmustbeconsidered

Guidelinesformultistorybuildings

Consultlocalloadingconditionsandbuildingregulations Considerthelayoutanddesignofshearwalls:

Symmetricalfloorlayoutsreducetorsionalvibrations SufficientnumbersofwallsinsuresoverallstiffnessOpeningsinshearwallsmustbecarefullyplanned(size,location,number)

Calculationsmustconsider

Designloads accordingtoactualEN-standard particularlyaccidents(fireandprogressivecollapse)and

seismic Ultimate limit state

particularlylossofequilibrium fractureconsiderations

Service limits particularlydeformationsandvibrationsofthewhole

structure Structural members and connections

load-bearingcapacityandstiffness

Shearwall

Wind load and load duetogeometricimperfections

Wind load and load duetogeometricimperfections

Horizontalconnection,sheartransfer

Horizontalconnection,tension and compression

Slipcastingoranchored concrete elements

Moduleceilingsfastenedtoeachother and anchored to the core

Sheartransfer

A A

A A

Pinallowssettlement

Wind loadSheardiaphragm

Shear connection to concrete

Upliftconnection

Upliftconnectiontoconcrete

Verticalconnectionsheartransfer

Shearwall

Bracing with concrete core

Bracing with shear walls


4.8 PrinciplesofseismicsafetyConditionsvary,butallbuildingsinseismicareamustbedesignedtoresistseismicforcesasrequiredfortheirlocationandnationalregulations.TheexamplebuildingherecanbebuilttoresistseismicforcesinaccordancewithEurocode 8.

Inearthquakeproneareaswoodhasseveraladvantages: Low-density(reduceddeadloadsforstructures) Highstrengthtoweightratio Dampingisbetterthaninconcretebuildingsduetothematerialpropertiesandjointsusedinwoodconstruction.

Moderndesigncodes(suchasEurocode8)offercleardesignprinciples.

What should be considered in timber houseseismicdesign?

Seismic Design

Conceptualdesign Seismic action Details

StoraEnsoCLTmodularsystemcanbedesignedtobeusedinseismicareas.Thissystemincludessolutionsforallthreestepsinseismicdesign.

SeismicactionanddesignSeismic actions depend on Constructionsite->seismichazardmaps,NationalAnnexEC8 Soilquality Buildingtypeandclass(residential,classII)* Structuralsystem**

* TheductilityclassforamultistoreytimberbuildingwouldbeDCMandDCH.(CheckEN1998-1Table8.1) Intheseclassesbehaviourfactorqwouldbeabout23.

**NotethatStoraEnsoCLTmodularsystemhasalightdeadloadand connectionssubjecttoplasticdeformations.

Notes for detailsa) Connectionsmustbedesignedforseismicforcesb)Nobrittlejoints(connectorsshouldhaveenoughslenderness)

Principlesofseismicbehaviorofmodularelements Modulesremainasmodulesnobrittlefractureininternal

connections Sufficientyieldingcapacityinconnectionsbetweenmodules Forcesaredirectedtostiffeningstructureswithenoughcapacitytoresistseismicforces

Forcesaredirectedtofoundationssufficientanchorage

Plasticdeformation

Horizontalconnection,sheartransfer

Horizontalconnection,tension and compression

Plasticdeformation

Sheardiaphragm

Verticalconnection,sheartransfer

Shearwall

Shear connection to concrete

Upliftconnection

Upliftconnectionto concrete

Plasticdeformation

Highstiffness(notbrittle)


4.9 Erection procedure sequenceTheerectionproceduresequencehasmanyeffectsonstructural,architectural,HVACandelectricalwiringdesign.Ithastobeconsideredinthefloorplanlayout,pipeandcableroutingsaswellasinthedetails.

Thelayoutbelowillustratestheerectionproceduresequenceofthecasestudyhouse.Theerectionadvancesoneapart-mentatatime,startingfromthetechnicalmodule.Thetechnicalmodulesaresituatednexttothecorridortoenableeasyconnectionsthroughthecorridorshafts.Whenmostofthebuildingservicesequipmentareincludedinthetechni-calmodules,thesystemscaneasilybeconnectedwithshortpipe and cable lines. When the technical installations are centralizedinthecorridorarea,theirmaintenanceisalsoeasierandcomplicatedverticalshaftsandconnectionscanbe avoided inside the apartments.

The erection procedure sequence has to be considered especiallywhendesigningconnections.Connectionhard-wareinthegapbetweentwoneighbouringmodularunitscanbefastenedonlytotheunitwhichisinstalledfirst,becausetheinstallationoftheneighbouringmodularunitblockstheaccesstothegap.Hencetheerectionproceduresequenceaffectswheretheconnectionhardwarecanbeplacedandwhichwallscanfunctionasshearwalls.

Italsohastobeensuredthatoverhangingcomponentsarenotinthewaywhenpositioningthemodularunits.Ithastobeconsidered,whichcomponentsareplacedontopofandinthemiddleoftheothers.Forexampleinthiscasethetechni-calmodulemustbeinstalledfirst,becausethefloorslaboftheroommoduleislaiduponthesupportonthesideofthetechnical module.

The staircase floorslabisplacedbetweenthe modules (seeVD09)

The technical module is placed ontopofthemodular element ofpreviousstorey

The element is fastenedwithvertical connection plates(seeVD05)

Theroommoduleisplacednextto the technical module.

Thesystemsareconnected inside the apartment

Thedrains,pipesandcablesareconnectedthroughthestaircaseshaftandtheshaftisclosedwithlightweightwalls(seeVD08)

Theseamisfinishedafterfasteningthemodularelementwithvertical connection plates(seeVD01)

Thejointsaresealed(seeVD15)

The modular elements are connected withhorizontalplatesbetweentheceilingpanels(seeVD07)

Erection procedure sequenceofmodularelements(113).

1

9

4

11

6

13

3

2

8

5

10

7

12


5 Structural design


OrientationChart

5.1. Structuraltypes

YP1

US1

YP2

VP5

VSK4

VSK5

VP11E-VP12

VP2 VP3

VSK3

VP41E-VP42

VSK1VSK2

VS1VS2

E-VSK12


ListofDrawings

Structural type

No. Description

US 1 LOAD-BEARINGEXTERNALWALL

A Woodcladding,insulation,gypsumboard

B Tilecladding,insulation,gypsumboard

C Render,glasswool,visualCLT

D Render,woodfibre,visualCLT

E Woodcladding,insulation,visibleCLT

VSK 11 LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL

A Doublegypsumboards

B VisibleCLT

VSK 2 LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,BATHROOM

A Gypsumboards,waterproofing

B Sanitaryboxelements

VSK 3 LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,ELEVATORSHAFT

A CLT,gypsumboards

B CLT

C Concrete

VSK 4 LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,CORRIDOR

A Lightweightinnerpartitiononeside,doublegypsumboards

B Lightweightinnerpartitiononeside,gypsumboards

C Lightweightinnerpartitiononeside,gypsumboards

D Lightweightinnerpartitiononeside,serviceshaft

VSK 5 LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,INSIDEAPARTMENT

A DoubleCLT,gypsumboards

B CLT,gypsumboards

C Doublecolumn,gypsumboards

D Column,gypsumboards

VP 11 CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,APARTMENT

A Floatingfloorslab,gypsumboards

B Floatingfloorslab,visibleCLT

VP 2 CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,BATHROOM

A Concreteslab,CLT,suspendedceiling

B Sanitaryboxelement,CLT,sanitaryboxelement

C Sanitaryboxelement,CLT

VP 3 CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,CORRIDOR

A Chipboard,CLT,suspendedceiling

B CLT,suspendedceiling

C CLT

D Floatingfloorslab,CLT,suspendedceiling

VP 41 CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,BALCONY

A Openboarding,visibleCLT

B Openboarding,suspendedceiling

VP 5 STAIRS

A CLTstairs,load-bearingCLT/gluelam

B CLTstairs,CLTslab

C CLTsteps,gluelambeams,insulation

D Plywoodsteps,nailplateconnectedbeams,insulation

E Concretestairs

YP 1 ROOFSTRUCTURE

A Timbertrussroof

B Flatroof

YP 2 PITCHEDROOF;TIMBERTRUSS,CORRIDOR

A Timbertrussroof,LVLbottomchord

AP 1 BASEFLOOR,CANTILEVERAPARTMENT

A Floatingfloorslab,CLT

VS 1 NON-LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,INSIDEAPARTMENT

A Timberorsteelframe

B CLT

VS 2 NON-LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,INSIDEAPARTMENT,BATHROOM

A Timberorsteelframe,bathroom

B CLT,bathroom

E-VP 12 INTERMEDIATEFLOOR,APARTMENT

A Floatingfloorslab,ribslab,CLT

B Floatingfloorslab,timberjoists,CLT,suspendedceiling

E-VP 42 CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,RECESSEDBALCONY, APARTMENT

A Floatingfloorslab,visualCLT

E-VSK 12 LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,RECESSEDBALCONY, APARTMENT

A Woodcladding,doubleCLT,gypsumboards

Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness

(CLT120)

MinimumCLTcross-section U

[W/m2K]

Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)

[dB]R60 R90

4floors 7floors 4floors 7floors Inner Outer

A.0 180 mm Gypsumboard18mm 373 mm 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s 0,153 A2-s1,d0 D-s2,d0 44(0;2)


A.2 180 mm Wood based panel 369 mm 0,152 D-s2,d0 44(0;3)

B.0 180 mm Gypsumboard18mm 453 mm 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s 0,153 A2-s1,d0 54(1;3)

B.1 120 mm Gypsumboard18mm 393 mm 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s 0,211 A2-s1,d0 54(1;3)

B.2 180 mm Wood based panel 449 mm 0,152 54(1;3)

B.3 180 mm VisibleCLT 393 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0,154 D-s2,d0 54(2;4)

C.0 150 mm VisibleCLT 298 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0,196 D-s2,d0 44(0;3)

C.1 180 mm VisibleCLT 328 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0,169 D-s2,d0 44(0;3)

D.0 150 mm VisibleCLT 300 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0,232 D-s2,d0 39(0;3)

E.0 180 mm VisibleCLT 355 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0,154 D-s2,d0 D-s2,d0 42(0;3)

Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5).


Load-bearingexternalwall

US 1

Surfacelayerrequirements

Acoustics Fire

Insulationrequirement

U value

Faaderequirements

Visual Weather Fire

Structure Faadematerial Ventilation32mm Insulation* CLT(120mm)** Gypsumboard*18mm

Structure Faadematerial Ventilation50mm Insulation* CLT(120mm)** Gypsumboard*18mm

Structure Render 1030 mmMineralwoolinsulation* CLT(120mm)**

Structure Render 1030 mm Timberframe+woodfibre

insulation 150 mm CLT(120mm)**

Structure Faadematerial* Ventilation32mm Insulation 180 mm CLT(120mm)**

A. Wood cladding, insulation, gypsum board B. Tile cladding, insulation, gypsum board

C. Render glass, wool, visible CLT D. Render, wood fibre, visible CLT

E. Wood cladding, insulation, visible CLT

Variables

CharringvaluesusedforCLTcross-sectioncalculationarecalculatedaccordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2.

Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable.

Solidwoodrequirements

Load-bearing Fire resistance

* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations


Load-bearingpartitionwall

VSK 1


Acoustics Fire

Insulationrequirement

Acoustics



Structure 2gypsumboards13mm CLT(120mm)** Airgap50mm+insulation30mm CLT(120mm)** 2gypsumboard13mm

Structure CLT(120mm)** Airgap50mm+insulation30mm CLT(120mm)**

A. Double gypsum boards B. Visible CLT

Variables




Type Insulation Materials Thickness

(CLT120)

MinimumCLTcross-section Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)

[dB]R60 R90

4floors 7floors 4floors 7floors

A.0 30 mm Gypsumboards213mm 342 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 56(1;5)

A.1 30 mm Wood based panel 344 mm D-s2,d0

B.0 30 mm CLT 290 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s D-s2,d0



Load-bearingpartitionwall,bathroom

VSK 2




Acoustics Fire

Insulationrequirements

Acoustics

Structure Tiles Tile adhesive Certifiedwaterproofingsystem Wet area board 13 mm Battens32mm+airgap Gypsumboard15mm CLT(120mm)** Airgap50mm+insulation30mm CLT(120mm)** Gypsumboard15mm Battens32mm+airgap Wet area board 13 mm Certifiedwaterproofingsystem Tile adhesive Tiles

Structure Sanitaryboxelement Airgap Gypsumboard15mm CLT(100mm)** Airgap50mm+insulation30mm CLT(100mm)** Gypsumboard15mm Airgap Sanitaryboxelement

B. Sanitary box elementsA. Gypsum boards, waterproofing




VariablesVariables


(CLT120)


[dB]R60 R90


A.0 30 mm Tiles 434 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s 60(3;9)

B.0 30 mm Sanitaryboxelement 444 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s 54(2;5)



Load-bearingpartitionwall,elevatorshaft

VSK 3


Load-bearing Fire


Fire

Structure Gypsumboard*15mm CLT(120mm)** Gypsumboard*15mm

Structure Reinforcedconcrete**200mm

Structure CLT**140mm

Variables

B. CLTA. CLT, gypsum boards

C. Concrete




Variables


(CLT120/140)

Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Charring Rw(C;Ctr)

[dB]R60 R90

A.0 Gypsumboard15mm 150 mm R30 A2-s1,d0 37(1;4)

A.1 Wood based panel 148 mm 36(0;3)

B.0 CLT 140 mm D-s2,d0 36(1;4)

C.0 Concrete 200 mm 59(2;5)



Load-bearingpartitionwall,corridor

VSK 4A.CLT

Solidwood requirements


Surfacelayer requirements

Fire Acoustics

D.CLT, SERVICEVOID




Structure Gypsumboard*15mm CLT(120mm)** Airgap20mm+punctualfastening Timberframewall98mm+insulation100mm 2gypsumboard13mm

Structure Plasterboard 13 mm CLT(120mm)** Battens 48 mm + insulation 50 mm Plasterboard 13 mm

Structure Gypsumboard*18mm CLT(120mm)** Gypsumboard18mm Airgap Steelframe+insulation50mm 2gypsumboard15mm

Structure Gypsumboard*18mm CLT(120mm)** Battens 48 mm + insulation 50 mm Gypsumboard18mm

A. Lightweight inner partition one side, double gypsum boards

C. Lightweight inner partition one side, plasterboards

D. Lightweight inner partition one side, service saft

B. Lightweight inner partition one side, gypsum boards

Variables


(CLT120)


[dB]R60 R90


A.0 100 mm Gypsumboard15mm/13mm 279 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 61(1;5)

A.1 100 mm Woodbasedpanel/gypsumboard13mm 278 mm D-s2,d0/A2-s1,d0

A.2 100 mm VisibleCLT/gypsumboard13mm 264 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s D-s2,d0/A2-s1,d0

B.0 50 mm Gypsumboard18mm 204 mm 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0

B.1 50 mm Woodbasedpanel/gypsumboard18mm 200 mm D-s2,d0/A2-s1,d0

B.2 50mm VisibleCLT/gypsumboard18mm 186 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s D-s2,d0/A2-s1,d0

C.0 50 mm Plasterboards 13 mm 194 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0

D.0 50 mm Gypsumboard18mm/215mm 385 mm 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0

D.1 50 mm Woodbasedpanel/gypsumboards215mm 381 mm D-s2,d0/A2-s1,d0

D.2 50 mm VisibleCLT/gypsumboards215mm 377 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s D-s2,d0/A2-s1,d0


Type Insulation Materials Thickness MinimumCLTcross-section Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)

[dB]R60 R90


A.0 20 mm Gypsumboard15mm 305 mm 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 54(2;6)

20 mm Wood based panel 303 mm D-s2,d0 53(1;5)

20 mm VisibleCLT 275 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s D-s2,d0 52(1;6)

B.0 Gypsumboard15mm 170 mm 160C5s 160C5s A2-s1,d0 38(1;4)

Wood based panel 168 mm D-s2,d0 38(1;5)

VisibleCLT 140 mm D-s2,d0 36(1;4)

C.0 20 mm Gypsumboard15mm 295 mm A2-s1,d0 51(2;7)

D.0 Gypsumboard15mm 220 mm A2-s1,d0 40(3;10)


Load-bearingpartitionwall, inside apartment

VSK5




Fire

Structure Gypsumboard*15mm CLT(120mm)** Airgap35mm+insulation CLT(120mm)** Gypsumboard*15mm

Structure Gypsumboard15mm Gluelamcolumn(115mm)** Airgap35mm+insulation Gluelamcolumn(115mm)** Gypsumboard15mm

Structure Gypsumboard15mm Gluelamcolumn(190mm)** Gypsumboard15mm

Structure Gypsumboard*15mm CLT(140mm)** Gypsumboard*15mm

A. Double CLT, gypsum boards

C. Double column, gypsum boards D. Column, gypsum boards

B. CLT, gypsum boards

Variables

A.CLTC.BEAMAND POST




Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Charring Rw(C;Ctr)

[dB]

Ln,w(Ci)

[dB]Floor Ceiling R60 R90

A.0 50 mm Floorslab40mm/gypsumboard18mm 458 mm REI60 A2-s1,d0 16 mm 36 mm 62(-1;-5) 74(-10)

B.0 50 mm Floorslab40mm/CLT 440 mm D-s2,d0 25 mm 45 mm 61(-1;-5) 75(-10)


CLTslabintermediatefloor,apartment

VP 11



Load-bearing Fire


Acoustics


Acoustics Fire Visual

Variables

Structure Surfacelayer Floatingfloorslab40mm Impact sound isolation 30 mm CLT(140mm)** Airgap135mm+insulation50mm CLT(80mm)** Gypsumboard18mm

Variables

A. Floating floor slab, gypsum board

Structure Surfacelayer Floatingfloorslab40mm Impact sound isolation 30 mm CLT(140mm)** Airgap135mm+insulation50mm CLT(80mm)**

B. Floating floor slab, visible CLT





[dB]

Ln,w(Ci)


A.0 100 mm Tiles/CLT 637 mm REI60 D-s2,d0 25 mm 45 mm 66(2;6) 71(10)

B.0 30 mm Tiles/CLT 637 mm REI60 D-s2,d0 71(2;6) 67(10)

C.0 30 mm Tiles/CLT 437 mm REI60 D-s2,d0 53(2;7) 75(9)


CLTslabintermediatefloor,bathroom

VP 2



Load-bearing Fire

Suspendedceilingrequirements

Visual


Acoustics


Acoustics Fire

Variables

Structure Tiles Tile adhesive Certifiedwaterproofingsystem Concreteslab70mm CLT(140mm)** Airgap135mm CLT(80mm)** Dropceilingandpanelling

Structure Tiles Tile adhesive Certifiedwaterproofingsystem Concreteslab100mm Airgap245mm CLT(80mm)**

Structure Tiles Tile adhesive Certifiedwaterproofingsystem Concreteslab100mm Airgap245mm CLT(80mm)** Dropceilingandpanelling

A. Concrete slab, CLT, suspended ceiling

C. Sanitary box element, CLT

B. Sanitary box element, CLT, sanitary box element





[dB]

Ln,w(Ci)


A.0 Chipboard/gypsumboard13mm 544 mm REI60 A2-s1,d0 0 mm 30 mm 59(2;8) 55(1)

B.0 CLT/gypsumboard18mm 403 mm A2-s1,d0 8 mm 39 mm 43(0;3) 72(8)

C.0 CLT 215 mm D-s2,d0 46 mm 65 mm 41(2;6) 84(8)

D.0 30 mm Floorslab40mm/gypsumboard15mm 485 mm REI60 A2-s1,d0 0 mm 24 mm 61(2;8) 70(6)


CLTslabintermediatefloor,corridor

VP 3


Load-bearing Fire


Acoustics

Suspendedceilingrequirements

Visual


Acoustics Fire

Variables

Structure Surfacelayer Chipboard25mm CLT(120mm)** Gypsumboard18mm Supportinggluelambeams Gypsumboard18mm Suspendedceilingand gypsumboard13mm

Structure Surfacelayer CLT(120mm)** Gypsumboard15mm Suspendedceilingand gypsumboard18mm

Structure Surfacelayer Floatingfloorslab40mm Impact sound isolation 30 mm CLT(120mm)** Gypsumboard15mm Suspendedceiling Resilient channel 25 mm Gypsumboard215mm

A. Chipboard, CLT, suspended ceiling B. CLT, suspended ceiling

Structure Surfacelayer CLT(200mm)**

C. CLT D. Floating floor slab, CLT, suspended ceiling






CLTslabintermediatefloor,balcony

VP 41


Load-bearing Fire


Visual


Fire Visual

Variables

Structure Openboarding28mm Firringpiece Waterproofing CLT(100mm)** Fire retardant treatment

A. Open boarding, visible CLT


Structure Openboarding28mm Firringpiece Waterproofing CLT(100mm)** Fire retardant treatment Suspendedceiling Boarding28mm

B. Open boarding, suspended ceiling




[dB]

Ln,w(Ci)


A.0 Boarding/fireretardandtreatment 170 mm REI30 B-s2.d0 30 mm 45 mm

B.0 Boarding/fireretardandtreatment 317 mm REI30 B-s2.d0 30 mm 45 mm


Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)

[dB]

Ln,w(Ci)

[dB]Floor Ceiling

A.0 0 mm CLT D-s2,d0

B.0 0 mm CLT 160 mm D-s2,d0 44(1;5) 82(7)

C.0 100 mm CLT/gypsumboard213mm 226 mm REI30 DFL-s1 A2-s1,d0 41(1;4) 73(8)

D.0 100 mm Plywood/gypsumboard213mm 198 mm REI30 DFL-s1 A2-s1,d0 44(4;12) 75(4)

E.0 0 mm Concrete 110 mm 50(1;3) 50(1;3)


Stairs

VP 5


Beamsrequirements

Load-bearing


Visual Fire


Visual

B.NAILPLATESTRUCTUREDSTAIRS

CLT(handrail)

A.CLTSTAIRS

Structure CLTsteps Load-bearingCLThandrailsor gluelambeams

Structure CLTsteps CLTslab**

Structure Concretesteps Concretebeams**

Structure CLTsteps SupportingbeamsforCLTsteps andload-bearingCLThandrails**

Insulation 100 mm 2gypsumboard13mm

Structure Plywood21mm Nail plate

connected beams** Insulation 100 mm 2gypsumboard13mm

Variables

A. CLT stairs, load-bearing CLT / gluelamB. CLT stairs, CLT slab

E. Concrete stairs

C. CLT steps, gluelam beams, insulation D. Plywood steps, nail plate connected beams, insulation

* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics


Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance U

[W/m2K]


[dB]Roof Ceiling

A.0 450 mm Gypsumboard18mm REI60 0.076 BROOF A2-s1,d0 42(0;2)

B.0 270 mm Gypsumboard13mm A2-s1,d0 60(1;5)


Roofstructure

YP 1


A. TIMBER TRUSS ROOF

Rooftrussrequirements



Fire Visual Acoustics

Solidwood requirements


Insulationrequirements

U value

Structure Roofmaterial Roofbatten+ventilationbatten Roofunderlayment Rooftruss+ventilation Insulation 450 mm CLT80mm Gypsumboard18mm

Structure Bitumen sheet Plywoodboard Rockwoolwithventilationchannel Polyurethaneinsulationboard Moisture barrier CLT(180mm)** Battens Gypsumboard13mm

Variables

A. Timber truss roof B. Flat roof




[dB]

A.0 50 mm Gypsumboard13mm/tiles 104 mm EI30 A2-s1,d0/ 46(1;5)

A.1 50 mm Woodbasedpanel/tiles 106 mm D-s2,d2/ 46(1;5)

B.0 VisibleCLT/tiles 105 mm EI 60 D-s2,d0/ 37(1;3)


Non-load-bearingpartitionwall, inside apartment

VS 1


Fire


Structure Gypsumboard*13mm Timber(orsteel)framewall

66 mm + insulation 50 mm Gypsumboard*13mm

Structure CLT80mm

Variables

B. CLTA. Timber or steel frame




Non-load-bearingpartitionwall, insideapartment,bathroom

VS 2


Structure Gypsumboard*13mm Timber(orsteel)framewall66mm

+ insulation 50 mm Wet area board 13 mm Certifiedwaterproofingsystem Plaster Tiles

Structure CLT80mm Moisture resistant board 13 mm Certifiedwaterproofingsystem Tile adhesive Tiles

Variables

B. CLT, bathroomA. Timber or steel frame, bathroom


Fire


Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)[dB]

A.0 50 mm Gypsumboard13mm 92 mm EI 30 A2-s1,d0 40(2;8)

A.1 50 mm Wooden panel 96 mm D-s2,d0 40(2;8)

B.0 VisibleCLT 80 mm EI 60 D-s2,d0 32(1;3)



[W/m2K]


[dB]Roof Ceiling

A.0 450 mm Gypsumboards215mm REI60 0.076 A2-s1,d0 58(1;5)


Pitchedroof,timbertruss, corridor

YP 2

Structure Roofmaterial Roofbatten+ventilationbatten Roofunderlayment Rooftruss**+ventilation~100mm Sheathingboard9mm Insulation450mm(rockwool) Vapourbarrier Battens 32 mm 2gypsumboard15mm

Variables

A. Timber truss roof, LVL bottom chord




[dB]

Ln,w(Ci)

[dB]Floor Ceiling

A.0 50 mm Floorslab40mm/gypsumboard18mm 456 mm REI60 A2-s1,d0 58(1;4) 78(11)

B.0 50 mm Floorslab40mm/gypsumboard15mm 457 mm A2-s1,d0 62(1;4) 78(9)


Intermediatefloor,apartment

E-VP 12

Structure Floatingfloorslab40mm Impact sound isolation 30 mm LVLribslab+insulation50mm Plankorboard Airgap CLT(80mm)** Gypsumboard18mm

Structure Floor slab Chipboard Timberjoists+insulation100mm Airgap CLT(80mm)** Gypsumboard15mm

Variables

B. Floor slab, timber joists, CLT, suspended ceilingA. Floating floor slab, rib slab, CLT


Acoustics

Rib slabrequirements

Load-bearing Fire




Load-bearing Fire

CharringcalculatedaccordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2.





[W/m2K]

Surfacereactiontofire Charring Rw(C;Ctr)

[dB]Inner Outer R60 R90

A.0 180 mm Gypsumboards215mm 463 mm REI60 0.13 16 mm 36 mm


Basefloor,cantileverapartment

AP 1



Structure Floatingfloorslab40mm Impact sound isolation 30 mm CLT(140mm)** Insulation180mm(rockwool) Battens+airgap50mm Fiber cement board 8 mm

Variables

A. Floating floor slab, CLT


Acoustics




Load-bearing Fire



CLTslabintermediatefloor, recessedbalcony,apartment

E-VP 42




Acoustics




Load-bearing Fire

Structure Floatingfloorslab40mm Impact sound isolation 30 mm CLT(140mm)** Insulation 100 mm Airgap CLT(80mm)**

Variables

A. Floating floor slab, visual CLT


[W/m2K]

Surfacereactiontofire Charring Rw(C;Ctr)

[dB]

Ln,w(Ci)


A.0 100 mm Floorslab40mm/CLT 432 mm REI60 0.17 A2-s1,d0 25 mm 45 mm 61(1:5) 75(10)



Load-bearingpartitionwall, recessedbalcony,apartment

E-VSK 12

Faaderequirements

Visual Weather Fire

Insulation requirements

Acoustics U value


Acoustics Fire




Structure Cladding Airgap32mm Gypsumboard15mm CLT(120mm)** Airgap50mm+insulation30mm CLT(120mm)** Gypsumboard15mm

Variables

A. Wood cladding, double CLT, gypsum boards


(CLT120mm)

MinimumCLTcross-section U

[W/m2K]


[dB]R60 R90

4floors 7floors 4floors 7floors Inner Outer



48m


OrientationChart

5.2. Structural details

VD08

VD15A/B

FD06FD06

VD02BVD02CVD02D

VD03BVD09A/B

VD10

VD01

FD01FD03

VD13

FD04FD05

VD02VD07

VD14

HD02

HD01

VD11

VD12

Detail name No. Description Note

VD 1 Intermediatefloortoload-bearingexternalwall,apartment

VD 2 A Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment

B Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment,beamandpost Extension

C Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment,beamfloor Extension

D Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment,ribslabfloor Extension

VD 3 A Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,bathroom

B Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,sanitaryboxelement Extension

VD 4 A Connectionforuplift,continuoustensionbar,doubleshearwalls

B Connectionforuplift,continuoustensionbar,oneshearwall

VD 5 A Connectionforshear,wood/woodconnection

B Connectionforshear,steelconnection

VD 6 Connectionbetweenintermediatefloors

VD 7 Connectionfortensionandcompressionbetweenintermediatefloors

VD 8 Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,corridor,serviceshaft

VD 9 A Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,corridor

B Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,corridor

VD 10 Balconyfloortoload-bearingexternalwall

VD 11 Stairstointermediatefloor,corridor

VD 12 Rooftoexternalwall

VD 13 Rooftoload-bearingpartitionwall

VD 14 Intermediatefloortonon-load-bearingpartitionwall,apartment

VD 15 A Twomodulesformingoneroom Extension

B Twomodulesformingoneroom Extension

VD 16 A Intermediatefloortoconcretewall,apartment Extension

B Intermediatefloortoconcretewall,apartment Extension

VD 17 Intermediatefloortoexternalwall,cantileverapartment Extension

FD 1 Externalwalltofoundations,apartment

FD 2 Externalwalltofoundations,uplifttie

FD 3 Externalwalltofoundations,sheartransfer

FD 4 Partitionwalltofoundations,upliftconnection

FD 5 Partitionwalltofoundations,shearconnection

FD 6 Partitionwalltofoundations,insideapartment Extension

HD 1 Salient corner

HD 2 T-connection

HD 3 Re-entrantcorner


ListofDrawings


Intermediatefloortoexternalwall,apartment

VD 1

Airtighttape

Separationstripformoisture

and sound isolation

Screwsinelement

Mineralwool

EPDMrubbersealant(soft)

Vibrationisolationpad12mm

Fire barrier

Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer.

1)

2)

3)


Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment

VD 2 A

1)2)

3)4)

Mineralwool30mm,

onlyatmoduleedges,

attached to module

Mineralwool30mm,

attached to module


and sound isolation

Screwsinelements

Screwsinelements


Mineralwool30mm



Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment,beam and post

VD 2 B

Gluelam beam Glu

elam

col

umn

Glu

elam

col

umn

Glu

elam

col

umn

Glu

elam

col

umn

Gluelam beam




Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment,beamfloor

VD 2 C

Screwsinelements



Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment,ribslabfloor

VD 2 D

Screwsinelements

Nails in elements




Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,bathroom

VD 3 A

Note!Compensationairandairflowinhorizontaldirectionneedtobearranged.


Mineralwool,30mm

onlyatmoduleedges,

attached to module

Mineralwool,30mm,

attached to module

CLTload-bearingpartitionwall


and sound isolation

Forimprovedimpactnoiseisolation,

impactnoiseisolationlayerunderthe

tiles can be used

CLTintermediatefloor,

apartment


1)2)

3)4)


1)2)

3)4)

EPDM rubber sealant

Screwsinelement

Screwsinelement


Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,bathroom,sanitaryboxelement

VD 3 B



Connectionforuplift,continuoustensionbar, doubleshearwalls

VD 4 A

1)2)

3)4)

Tension rod

Scarfingoftensionrod

Steelplate+elastometer(only

forstabilityduringassembly)

NotchinCLTforscarfing




Connectionforuplift,continuoustensionbar, oneshearwall

VD 4 B

Mineralwool,30mm

attached to module

Tensionrodwithsoft

plastic cover around

Scarfingoftensionrod

Steel plate + elastometer

(onlyforstabilityduring

assembly)

CLTnotched

Mineralwool,30mm

onlyatmoduleedges,

attached to module

1)2)

3)4)



Connectionforshear,wood/woodconnection

VD 5 A

Mineralwool30mm,attachedtomodule


and sound isolation

NotchedCLTwood/

woodconnection

Sound insulation

elastomer 12 mm

Sound insulation

elastomer 12 mmLowermodularunit

Shearconnectionofoverlappingmodules,numberandsizeofconnectionsaccordingtostructuralengineer

Upper modular unit

Mineralwool,30mm

onlyatmoduleedges,

attached to module



Connectionforshear,steelconnection

VD 5 B

1)

2)

3)

3)4)

Mineralwool30mm,attachedtomodule


and sound isolationSound insulation elastomer

belowandonthesteelplate

Screws

Sound insulation

elastomer 12 mm

Steelplateforshear

Screws

Mineralwool30mm,

onlyatmoduleedges,

attached to module


Connectionforshearbetweenintermediatefloors

VD 6

Mineralwool30mm,

attached to module


and sound isolation

Gapbetweentimber

and steel part

Steelplateandself-tapping

screws(long-termdurability

needstobeconsidered)

Notchforsteelpart

CLTceiling

CLTceiling

Sound insulation elastomer


Mineralwool30mm,

onlyatmoduleedges,

attached to module

Forimprovedsoundisolation,avoidplacingsteelconnectionsinlivingroomsorbedrooms.



CLTceiling CLTceiling

Connectionfortensionandcompressionbetweenintermediatefloors

VD 7

Mineralwool30mm,

attached to module


and sound isolation

Steelplateandself-tapping

screws(long-termdurability

needstobeconsidered)

Notchforsteelpart

Sound insulation elastomer


Mineralwool30mm,

onlyatmoduleedges,

attached to module

Forimprovedsoundisolation,compression/tensionforcesandshearforcesaremanagedwithdifferentsteelconnections.Itisnotrecommendedtoinstallmultiplesteelpartstosamelocationfordecreasedsoundisolation.



Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,corridor

VD 8

1) 2)

4)3)

Fire sealant

Apartment Corridor

Ducts

Screwsinelement

Screwsinelement

Screwsinelement


Serviceshaftandcorridorstructuresarebuiltonsite.




VD 9 A

1)

2)

4)

4)

3)

Corridorstructuresarebuiltonsite.


Screwsandrubberwasher


ApartmentCorridor


Screwsinelement

Screwsinelement

Screwsinelement

Screws



VD 9 B

1)

3)4)

4)

2)

Screwsinelement

Screwsinelement

Screwsinelement


Elastic sealant


ApartmentCorridor

Screwsandrubberwasher

Option B.

Improvedacousticperformance

Screws

Corridorstructuresarebuiltonsite.

Itisrecommendedtouseimpactsoundisolationlayerincorridoriftheroomunderislivingroomorbedroom.




Balconyfloortoload-bearingexternalwall

VD 10

Mineralwool

Fire barrier

Balconyrailandglass

Waterproofing

Steelangle

Screws


Stairstointermediatefloor,corridor

VD 11

Screws

Screws

CLTstairs

Anglebracket

Gluelam beam

AA

A A



Rooftoexternalwall

VD 12

2)

1)

Roofstructurebuiltonsite

CLTneedstobeedgegluedor

moisture barrier needs to be used

Screwsinelement

Sealedjoint

Fire barrier

Ventilatedtoopenair



Rooftoload-bearingpartitionwall

VD 13

Ifrooftrussconnectsmodulesthatarepartofdifferentflats,vibrationisolationpadshouldbeusedunderthetruss.


Sealedjoint

Roofstructurebuiltonsite

Plank

Airtighttape

CLTneedstobeedgegluedor

moisture barrier needs to be user

Screwsinelements

EPDMrubbersealantandmineralwool

Ventilatedtoopenair


Intermediatefloortonon-load-bearingpartitionwall,apartment

VD 14


Support plate


and sound isolation

Elastic sealantScrews


Twomodulesformingoneroom

VD 15 A


Elastic sealant

Screwsinelement

Screwsinelement

Screwsinelement

Wall


Installationgap

Screwsfromwalltofloor

EPDM rubber sealant

EPDM rubber sealant

Gluelambeamnote:beams

lengthissameasmodules


Twomodulesformingoneroom

VD 15 B

Elastic sealant

Screwsinelement

Screwsinelement

Screwsinelement


Wall

Installationgap

Screwsfromwalltofloor

EPDM rubber sealant



Intermediatefloortoconcretewall,apartment

VD 16 A


Cast-inchannel

e.g.HALFENHTA-CE

Steel plate and

self-tappingscrews

1 1

1 1


Intermediatefloortoconcretewall,apartment

VD 16 A

Steelplateandself-tappingscrews

Connectionhardwareforconcrete

1 1


1 1


Intermediatefloortoexternalwall, cantilever apartment

VD 17

Screwsinelement

Airtighttape


Screwsinelement

EDPMrubbersealant(soft)Load-bearing

cantileverwall




Externalwalltogroundfloor,apartment

FD 1

Epoxycoveringrecommended

Bitumenfeltbetween

woodandconcrete

Moistureunderthemodulefromsite

operations need to be ventilated

Infillcasting050mm

Screwsinelement

Screwsinelement