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Buddhism Unit. Introduction. Buddhism has become very popular in the west as people try to “find themselves” and search for the meaning of life. It emphasizes things to do rather than things to believe, and does not recommend that anyone accept its teachings without experimentation. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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BuddhismBuddhism
UnitUnit
IntroductionIntroduction
Buddhism has become very popular in the Buddhism has become very popular in the west as people try to “find themselves” and west as people try to “find themselves” and search for the meaning of life.search for the meaning of life.
It emphasizes things to do rather than things It emphasizes things to do rather than things to believe, and does not recommend that to believe, and does not recommend that anyone accept its teachings without anyone accept its teachings without experimentation.experimentation.
A central idea of its teachings is that A central idea of its teachings is that everyone has the right to find truth for his or everyone has the right to find truth for his or herself, even if its outside of Buddhism. herself, even if its outside of Buddhism.
This tolerance and general calmness This tolerance and general calmness and serenity of Buddhism may and serenity of Buddhism may explain why many in the west are explain why many in the west are turning to it for answers.turning to it for answers.
The ultimate goal of Buddhism is to The ultimate goal of Buddhism is to end suffering and thereby attain end suffering and thereby attain absolute peace and joy.absolute peace and joy.
In the west we try to achieve In the west we try to achieve happiness by acquiring material happiness by acquiring material possessions, but we see unhappiness possessions, but we see unhappiness and suffering everywhere.and suffering everywhere.
Buddhism offers another way to end Buddhism offers another way to end suffering.suffering.
At the end of this unit you At the end of this unit you should be able to………should be able to………
Explain the origins of Buddhism and significant events in Explain the origins of Buddhism and significant events in its history.its history.
Identify key figures in the development of Buddhism.Identify key figures in the development of Buddhism. Evaluate key concepts like nirvana and enlightenment.Evaluate key concepts like nirvana and enlightenment. Identify key passages from the Tripitaka.Identify key passages from the Tripitaka. Examine the importance of sacred writings in Buddhism.Examine the importance of sacred writings in Buddhism. Show the origin and significance of Buddhist practices, Show the origin and significance of Buddhist practices,
rituals, symbols and festivals.rituals, symbols and festivals. Review the impact of Buddhism on various cultures.Review the impact of Buddhism on various cultures. Analyze the role of women in Buddhism.Analyze the role of women in Buddhism. Understand the difference between Buddhism and Understand the difference between Buddhism and
Hinduism.Hinduism. Buddhism in Canadian society.Buddhism in Canadian society.
The Origins Of BuddhismThe Origins Of Buddhism
Founded approximately 2500 years ago in Founded approximately 2500 years ago in India.India.
The Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, was born The Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, was born into the Kshatriya caste, in the kingdom of into the Kshatriya caste, in the kingdom of Shakya, around 563BCE. His father was King Shakya, around 563BCE. His father was King Shuddhodana.Shuddhodana.
The kingdom was located in the foothills of The kingdom was located in the foothills of the Himalayas, in present day Nepal.the Himalayas, in present day Nepal.
The story of the Buddha’s early life varies The story of the Buddha’s early life varies from one Buddha tradition to another and from one Buddha tradition to another and was not recorded until hundreds of years was not recorded until hundreds of years after his death.after his death.
Buddha’s Early LifeBuddha’s Early Life
The Buddha’s birth was a miracle. His mother, queen Maya, The Buddha’s birth was a miracle. His mother, queen Maya, conceived when Siddhartha descended from heaven and conceived when Siddhartha descended from heaven and entered his mother’s womb in the form of a baby white entered his mother’s womb in the form of a baby white elephant, a symbol of purity.elephant, a symbol of purity.
She carried him for 10 months and could see the baby in her She carried him for 10 months and could see the baby in her womb.womb.
She gave birth from her side while standing and holding on to a She gave birth from her side while standing and holding on to a tree. ( some believe the tree helped with the delivery) His tree. ( some believe the tree helped with the delivery) His mother died a week later and he was raised by his aunt.mother died a week later and he was raised by his aunt.
After he was born he immediately took seven steps and said, After he was born he immediately took seven steps and said, “This is my last birth.” This meant he would be a great ruler or “This is my last birth.” This meant he would be a great ruler or religious teacher. His father wanted him to be a great ruler and religious teacher. His father wanted him to be a great ruler and discouraged the suggestion that he would become a religious discouraged the suggestion that he would become a religious leader. So he spoiled his son, making his life as pleasant as leader. So he spoiled his son, making his life as pleasant as possible. possible.
At age 16, Siddhartha married Princess Yasodhara, and they At age 16, Siddhartha married Princess Yasodhara, and they had a son, Rahula.had a son, Rahula.
The Four SightsThe Four Sights
Siddhartha craved spiritual satisfaction. His father feared that Siddhartha craved spiritual satisfaction. His father feared that he would leave home for a religious life and had the streets he would leave home for a religious life and had the streets filled with healthy people so Siddhartha would not see any filled with healthy people so Siddhartha would not see any unpleasantness.unpleasantness.
When he was 29, Siddhartha visited the city four times and When he was 29, Siddhartha visited the city four times and experienced what Buddhists refer to as the experienced what Buddhists refer to as the four sightsfour sights. He . He saw an old man leaning on his staff, a sick man lying by the saw an old man leaning on his staff, a sick man lying by the roadside, a corpse being prepared for cremation and a Hindu roadside, a corpse being prepared for cremation and a Hindu monk with his shaven head and tattered robe, holding a bowl.monk with his shaven head and tattered robe, holding a bowl.
These sights inspired Siddhartha to find a spiritual solution to These sights inspired Siddhartha to find a spiritual solution to the problems of human life. He then decided to leave the the problems of human life. He then decided to leave the palace and his privileged life, to become a homeless beggar.palace and his privileged life, to become a homeless beggar.
He became a wandering seeker of spiritual knowledge and He became a wandering seeker of spiritual knowledge and after trying meditation and self denial, soon discovered that after trying meditation and self denial, soon discovered that the best course was the the best course was the Middle way, Middle way, that the best lifestyle that the best lifestyle was one of was one of moderationmoderation..
EnlightenmentEnlightenment
While meditating, Siddhartha saw all of his previous lives in While meditating, Siddhartha saw all of his previous lives in detail. He realized that good deeds brought a better life detail. He realized that good deeds brought a better life after rebirth, while bad deeds brought unpleasantness.after rebirth, while bad deeds brought unpleasantness.
In this moment he achieved In this moment he achieved nirvana,nirvana, a state of supreme a state of supreme realization that is also described as truth, tranquility and realization that is also described as truth, tranquility and peace, and peace, and enlightenmentenlightenment, an understanding of the truth , an understanding of the truth of life and the freedom from ignorance.of life and the freedom from ignorance.
By attaining these things he experienced the end of By attaining these things he experienced the end of suffering and the endless cycle of rebirth. He had attained suffering and the endless cycle of rebirth. He had attained perfect wisdom and absolute truth.perfect wisdom and absolute truth.
Siddhartha stayed in this state for seven days, then decided Siddhartha stayed in this state for seven days, then decided to make public his teachings and ideas, the dharma, to the to make public his teachings and ideas, the dharma, to the world. world.
The Mahabodhi TempleThe Mahabodhi Temple
This temple commemorates the This temple commemorates the enlightenment of Siddhartha Gautama and enlightenment of Siddhartha Gautama and is one of Buddhism’s most sacred sites.is one of Buddhism’s most sacred sites.
It was built at the site of the Bodhi tree It was built at the site of the Bodhi tree under which Buddha attained under which Buddha attained enlightenment and therefore is considered enlightenment and therefore is considered the birthplace of the religion.the birthplace of the religion.
Today the temple is an active pilgrimage Today the temple is an active pilgrimage sight and learning center.sight and learning center.
The First SermonThe First Sermon
Siddhartha became Buddha, which means “the Siddhartha became Buddha, which means “the enlightened one,” or one who has awakened.enlightened one,” or one who has awakened.
In Sarnath, India, he preached his first sermon, an In Sarnath, India, he preached his first sermon, an event known as, “setting in motion the wheel of the event known as, “setting in motion the wheel of the dharma.” Five Hindu ascetics accepted his insights dharma.” Five Hindu ascetics accepted his insights and became Buddhist monks, the start of the and became Buddhist monks, the start of the Buddhist community.Buddhist community.
After five years an order of monks called the After five years an order of monks called the sanghasangha was established. was established.
For the next 45 years Buddha traveled all over India For the next 45 years Buddha traveled all over India preaching his philosophy.preaching his philosophy.
Buddha died in 486BCE and upon his death reached Buddha died in 486BCE and upon his death reached parinirvanaparinirvana, or complete nirvana, releasing him , or complete nirvana, releasing him from the cycle of rebirth.from the cycle of rebirth.
Buddhist BeliefsBuddhist Beliefs
The ultimate goal of Buddhism is the end of The ultimate goal of Buddhism is the end of human suffering. human suffering.
When studying Buddhism ask yourself these When studying Buddhism ask yourself these questions…..How happy am I? What are the most questions…..How happy am I? What are the most important goals in my life? What makes us suffer? important goals in my life? What makes us suffer? How do humans deal with suffering?How do humans deal with suffering?
You are responsible for your own salvation!You are responsible for your own salvation! All Buddhist teachings show the way to end All Buddhist teachings show the way to end
samsara, the endless cycle of rebirth.samsara, the endless cycle of rebirth. Achieving nirvana is therefore a Buddhist’s Achieving nirvana is therefore a Buddhist’s
salvation.salvation. Women and men are considered equal as we all Women and men are considered equal as we all
have had past lives as males and females.have had past lives as males and females.
Buddha identified three Buddha identified three characteristics of existence………characteristics of existence………
1.1. AniccaAnicca or impermanence, which or impermanence, which represents the world as in total flux, represents the world as in total flux, where nothing stays the same for where nothing stays the same for long.long.
2.2. DukkhaDukkha or dissatisfaction, where all or dissatisfaction, where all humans and animals experience humans and animals experience suffering. suffering.
3.3. AnattaAnatta or no-self, which is connected or no-self, which is connected to the idea that we cannot point to to the idea that we cannot point to any one thing in ourselves and call it any one thing in ourselves and call it self. We are the sum of all our parts, self. We are the sum of all our parts, which together make us a person. which together make us a person.
Buddhists follow Buddhists follow the five preceptsthe five precepts for lay for lay people to follow to avoid suffering:people to follow to avoid suffering:
1.1. Abstain from killing or harming living Abstain from killing or harming living beings.beings.
2.2. Abstain from stealing.Abstain from stealing.3.3. Abstain from improper sexual conduct.Abstain from improper sexual conduct.4.4. Abstain from false speech, eg., telling lies.Abstain from false speech, eg., telling lies.5.5. Abstain from alcohol or drugs.Abstain from alcohol or drugs.For Buddhist monks there are an additional For Buddhist monks there are an additional
five precepts: abstain from eating after five precepts: abstain from eating after noon, abstain from looking at dancing, noon, abstain from looking at dancing, singing or drama, abstain from the use of singing or drama, abstain from the use of perfumes or things that beautify or adorn, perfumes or things that beautify or adorn, abstain from using comfortable beds and abstain from using comfortable beds and abstain from accepting gold and silver. In abstain from accepting gold and silver. In some monasteries there could be as many some monasteries there could be as many as 200 precepts to follow.as 200 precepts to follow.
Buddha observed that no one could Buddha observed that no one could escape death and unhappiness. As escape death and unhappiness. As Buddha looked at the cause of Buddha looked at the cause of unhappiness, the result was unhappiness, the result was The The Four Noble truthsFour Noble truths..
1.1. The Noble Truth Of Suffering – to The Noble Truth Of Suffering – to live is to suffer.live is to suffer.
2.2. The Noble Truth Of The Origin Of The Noble Truth Of The Origin Of Suffering – the cause of suffering is Suffering – the cause of suffering is negative desire.negative desire.
3.3. The Noble truth Of The Extinction Of The Noble truth Of The Extinction Of Suffering – the goal of Buddhism is Suffering – the goal of Buddhism is to end suffering.to end suffering.
4. The Noble truth Of The Path Leading 4. The Noble truth Of The Path Leading To The Extinction Of Suffering – adopt To The Extinction Of Suffering – adopt the middle way and follow the Noble the middle way and follow the Noble Eightfold Path.Eightfold Path.
Adopting this path is to live the Buddhist Adopting this path is to live the Buddhist way of life, a life of self-improvement.way of life, a life of self-improvement.
When giving his first sermon Buddha put When giving his first sermon Buddha put in motion the in motion the wheel of the dharmawheel of the dharma, , the eight-spoke wheel that represents the eight-spoke wheel that represents the eight steps of the path. The center the eight steps of the path. The center is nirvana, the only fixed point.is nirvana, the only fixed point.
The Eight Steps Of the Noble The Eight Steps Of the Noble Path Include:Path Include:
1.1. Right viewRight view – know the four noble – know the four noble truths.truths.
2.2. Right thoughtRight thought – free the mind from – free the mind from sensuous desire, ill-will and cruelty.sensuous desire, ill-will and cruelty.
3.3. Right speechRight speech – don’t lie, curse, – don’t lie, curse, criticize or gossip.criticize or gossip.
4.4. Right conductRight conduct – or right action, be – or right action, be aware that you are judged on your aware that you are judged on your behavior.behavior.
5.5. Right livelihoodRight livelihood – earn without – earn without harming living things. Don’t be a harming living things. Don’t be a butcher, money lender or trade in butcher, money lender or trade in weapons, liquor or poison.weapons, liquor or poison.
6. 6. Right effortRight effort – conquer all evil – conquer all evil thoughts and strive to have good thoughts and strive to have good thoughts. Do your best at all times thoughts. Do your best at all times and have goodwill towards others.and have goodwill towards others.
7. 7. Right MindfulnessRight Mindfulness – full attention – full attention must be paid to proper thoughts, must be paid to proper thoughts, words and deeds.words and deeds.
8. 8. Right concentrationRight concentration – focus on one – focus on one thought or object at a time. Deep thought or object at a time. Deep meditation will lead to meditation will lead to enlightenment.enlightenment.
The Three Refuges (The Triple The Three Refuges (The Triple Jewel)Jewel)
A refuge is a place of safety from danger. In A refuge is a place of safety from danger. In order to make it easier to follow his teachings order to make it easier to follow his teachings and take refuge from a difficult existence, the and take refuge from a difficult existence, the Buddha established the Buddha established the Three RefugesThree Refuges. They . They include:include:
1.1. The Buddha – the guideThe Buddha – the guide2.2. The Dharma – the pathThe Dharma – the path3.3. The Sangha – companions and teachers.The Sangha – companions and teachers.
For a Buddhist, taking refuge is the first step to For a Buddhist, taking refuge is the first step to enlightenment. enlightenment.
The Six PerfectionsThe Six Perfections
A A Bodhisattva Bodhisattva is a person who has is a person who has attained nirvana but chooses to be reborn attained nirvana but chooses to be reborn within samsara in order to help others on within samsara in order to help others on their path to enlightenment. their path to enlightenment.
They practice the They practice the six perfectionssix perfections: giving, : giving, morality, patience, vigor, meditation and morality, patience, vigor, meditation and wisdom.wisdom.
Wisdom is most important because it Wisdom is most important because it indicates full awareness.indicates full awareness.
Practices, Rituals, Symbols and Practices, Rituals, Symbols and FestivalsFestivals
Puja, the honoring of holy beings.Puja, the honoring of holy beings. Bowing to show respect. You bow three Bowing to show respect. You bow three
times to images of Buddha, one for each times to images of Buddha, one for each refuge.refuge.
Offerings, such as flowers, are common. Offerings, such as flowers, are common. Flowers wilt and fade showing the notion Flowers wilt and fade showing the notion of impermanence.of impermanence.
Burning incense to symbolize the Burning incense to symbolize the Buddha’s odor of sanctity.Buddha’s odor of sanctity.
Light a candle to symbolize Buddha’s Light a candle to symbolize Buddha’s enlightenment.enlightenment.
MeditationMeditation
Meditation leads to wisdom, which in turn leads to Meditation leads to wisdom, which in turn leads to the end of suffering.the end of suffering.
Its purpose is to improve concentration, calm the Its purpose is to improve concentration, calm the mind, and clear yourself of bad thoughts caused by mind, and clear yourself of bad thoughts caused by greed, hatred and ignorance.greed, hatred and ignorance.
It can also improve confidence, as well as general It can also improve confidence, as well as general mental and physical health. mental and physical health.
To properly meditate one should be in the lotus To properly meditate one should be in the lotus position, back straight, tongue touching back of your position, back straight, tongue touching back of your upper front teeth and eyes downcast with lids upper front teeth and eyes downcast with lids partially closed. partially closed.
The meditator concentrates on breathing and the The meditator concentrates on breathing and the movement of the diaphragm. They meditate on a movement of the diaphragm. They meditate on a object or idea, identified in Buddhist manuals.object or idea, identified in Buddhist manuals.
Good KarmaGood Karma
Karma is much the same as it is for Hindus.Karma is much the same as it is for Hindus. Giving alms or donations to the sangha gives Giving alms or donations to the sangha gives
good karma. A ceremony called a good karma. A ceremony called a DanaDana, is an , is an occasion where lay people can donate food, occasion where lay people can donate food, robes, medicines, etc. It often takes place robes, medicines, etc. It often takes place outside a temple but can also occur in private outside a temple but can also occur in private homes. Here the monks arrive about 10 am., homes. Here the monks arrive about 10 am., have their feet washed (ancient symbol of have their feet washed (ancient symbol of hospitality) and the monks then chant hospitality) and the monks then chant Buddhist teachings which help purify the Buddhist teachings which help purify the mind.mind.
All who are present gain merit! All who are present gain merit!
The Life Of A MonkThe Life Of A Monk
Awake at 3am. to the sound of a bell-shaped Awake at 3am. to the sound of a bell-shaped instrument called a instrument called a mokt’ak.mokt’ak.
Wash, put away bedding and go to the main hall for Wash, put away bedding and go to the main hall for chanting.chanting.
After chanting, meditating monks go to the meditation After chanting, meditating monks go to the meditation hall, students go to the study hall and working monks hall, students go to the study hall and working monks go to their place of work.go to their place of work.
At 10:30 am. more chanting and the offering of rice, to At 10:30 am. more chanting and the offering of rice, to mark the Buddha’s habit of only eating once a day.mark the Buddha’s habit of only eating once a day.
At noon they eat lunch and chant to remind themselves At noon they eat lunch and chant to remind themselves that food is for sustaining the body and not for greed. that food is for sustaining the body and not for greed. After lunch Monks return to their activities. At 6pm. a After lunch Monks return to their activities. At 6pm. a bell announces more chanting, which is followed by bell announces more chanting, which is followed by quiet study or meditation. The day ends at 10pm.quiet study or meditation. The day ends at 10pm.
SymbolsSymbols
Buddha images are respected but not Buddha images are respected but not worshipped. He is either standing, worshipped. He is either standing, sitting in the lotus position or reclining. sitting in the lotus position or reclining. He is often dressed as a monk with his He is often dressed as a monk with his left shoulder covered and his right left shoulder covered and his right bare. Elongated earlobes are a regular bare. Elongated earlobes are a regular feature. They do not always show feature. They do not always show Buddha as being fat!!Buddha as being fat!!
Mudras are hand gestures that Mudras are hand gestures that symbolize different states of mind. symbolize different states of mind. The idea is that we can often tell The idea is that we can often tell someone’s state of mind by looking someone’s state of mind by looking at their stance or gestures.at their stance or gestures.
StupaStupas are domed shaped mounds s are domed shaped mounds that were built to house the relics of that were built to house the relics of the Buddha or other holy figures. You the Buddha or other holy figures. You walk around them three times to walk around them three times to show your devotion.show your devotion.
The Lotus flower refers to the The Lotus flower refers to the Buddha’s vision of the human race as Buddha’s vision of the human race as a bed of lotus flowers. Some were a bed of lotus flowers. Some were bogged in mud, some were emerging bogged in mud, some were emerging from it and others were about to from it and others were about to bloom, as humans have the potential bloom, as humans have the potential to rise from a undesirable life.to rise from a undesirable life.
Buddhapada are representations of Buddhapada are representations of Buddha’s footprints. They are usually Buddha’s footprints. They are usually carved in stone and feature 32, 108 carved in stone and feature 32, 108 or 132 signs of the Buddha. or 132 signs of the Buddha.
FestivalsFestivals
Buddha DayBuddha Day – full-moon day of May, celebrates the – full-moon day of May, celebrates the birth, enlightenment and death of Buddha.birth, enlightenment and death of Buddha.
Dhamma DayDhamma Day – full-moon day of July, – full-moon day of July, commemorates the first sermon.commemorates the first sermon.
Sanhga DaySanhga Day – full-moon day of March, celebrates – full-moon day of March, celebrates the proclamation of the basic teachings of Buddhism the proclamation of the basic teachings of Buddhism and a sermon called the “Basis for success”and a sermon called the “Basis for success”
SongkranSongkran – Thai festival celebrated in mid-April, – Thai festival celebrated in mid-April, symbolizes the observance of the First precept.symbolizes the observance of the First precept.
Festival of Floating BowlsFestival of Floating Bowls – Thai festival held on – Thai festival held on the full-moon night of the 12the full-moon night of the 12thth lunar month. They lunar month. They place bowls in the river and as they float away so place bowls in the river and as they float away so does your bad luck.does your bad luck.
Becoming A MonkBecoming A Monk
Stage OneStage One – when a boy is seven or eight – when a boy is seven or eight years old he enters a monastery as a novice. years old he enters a monastery as a novice. He undertakes the ten precepts and usually He undertakes the ten precepts and usually acts as an assistant to a senior monk. The acts as an assistant to a senior monk. The senior monk is responsible for teaching the senior monk is responsible for teaching the boy Buddhist rituals, philosophy and boy Buddhist rituals, philosophy and scripture.scripture.
Stage TwoStage Two – ordination, occurs when the – ordination, occurs when the young man has reached the age of 20 and is young man has reached the age of 20 and is able to read, write and chant a few simple able to read, write and chant a few simple texts. He must shave his head, take a texts. He must shave his head, take a religious name and wear the traditional robes.religious name and wear the traditional robes.
Weddings and FuneralsWeddings and Funerals
When a couple gets married they go to a When a couple gets married they go to a monastery and feed the monks in order to monastery and feed the monks in order to receive a blessing. The monks never attend receive a blessing. The monks never attend the wedding itself.the wedding itself.
If not enough wood is available for If not enough wood is available for cremation, a burial is permitted. Usually cremation, a burial is permitted. Usually involves a procession, prayers, water-involves a procession, prayers, water-pouring rituals, cremation and a shared pouring rituals, cremation and a shared meal. Similar services are held after three meal. Similar services are held after three months and after a year.months and after a year.
Sacred WritingsSacred Writings
The main written source of Buddha’s wisdom The main written source of Buddha’s wisdom is the Tripitaka or three baskets. Its called is the Tripitaka or three baskets. Its called this because the palm leaf manuscripts were this because the palm leaf manuscripts were kept in three different baskets. kept in three different baskets.
Called the Vinaya-Pitaka, the Sutta-Pitaka Called the Vinaya-Pitaka, the Sutta-Pitaka and the Abhidhamma-Pitaka, they are and the Abhidhamma-Pitaka, they are considered the most accurate record of considered the most accurate record of Buddha’s teachings.Buddha’s teachings.
Vinaya-Pitaka Vinaya-Pitaka – basket of discipline, – basket of discipline, consists of five books that address the rules consists of five books that address the rules of monastic life and codes of conduct.of monastic life and codes of conduct.
Sutta-PitakaSutta-Pitaka – basket of discourses, – basket of discourses, incorporates the teachings of incorporates the teachings of Buddha. Considered the most Buddha. Considered the most important by Buddhists.important by Buddhists.
Abhidhamma-PitakaAbhidhamma-Pitaka – basket of – basket of further teachings, discusses the further teachings, discusses the nature of consciousness and nature of consciousness and technical explanations of the Sutta-technical explanations of the Sutta-Pitaka.Pitaka.
Three Forms of BuddhismThree Forms of Buddhism
1. Mahayana School – aka northern school, found 1. Mahayana School – aka northern school, found in China, Vietnam, Korea and Japan. Considered in China, Vietnam, Korea and Japan. Considered the new school, less conservative.the new school, less conservative.
2. Theravada School – aka southern school, found 2. Theravada School – aka southern school, found in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. Considered the old school, more conservative.Considered the old school, more conservative.
3. Vajrayana School – aka esoteric school, found 3. Vajrayana School – aka esoteric school, found in Tibet, Bhutan and Nepal. More emphasis on in Tibet, Bhutan and Nepal. More emphasis on rituals, mantras and visualization. Combined rituals, mantras and visualization. Combined with Tibetan “BON” with Tibetan “BON”
Buddhism In CanadaBuddhism In Canada
There are many Buddhist sanghas, There are many Buddhist sanghas, temples and centers in Canada.temples and centers in Canada.
Some universities have student Buddhist Some universities have student Buddhist organizations.organizations.
Many schools offer courses in Eastern Many schools offer courses in Eastern Studies and there has been a growth in Studies and there has been a growth in courses on Buddhism.courses on Buddhism.
The Chandrakirti Buddhist Center in The Chandrakirti Buddhist Center in Toronto offers instruction in Buddhist Toronto offers instruction in Buddhist philosophy and is a place for meditation philosophy and is a place for meditation and prayer.and prayer.
